०५९

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

प्र᳓ व स्प᳓ळ् अक्रन् सुविता᳓य दाव᳓ने
अ᳓र्चा दिवे᳓ प्र᳓ पृथिव्या᳓ ऋत᳓म् भरे
उक्ष᳓न्ते अ᳓श्वान् त᳓रुषन्त आ᳓ र᳓जो
अ᳓नु स्व᳓म् भानुं᳓ श्रथयन्ते अर्णवइः᳓

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
akran ← √krand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dāváne ← √dā- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

spáṭ ← spáś- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

suvitā́ya ← suvitá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

árca ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

bhare ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

divé ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

pr̥thivyaí ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥tám ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áśvān ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

rájaḥ ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

táruṣantaḥ ← √taruṣy- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ukṣánte ← √ukṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ánu ← ánu (invariable)

arṇavaíḥ ← arṇavá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

bhānúm ← bhānú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śrathayante ← √śrathⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

svám ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

प्र । वः॒ । स्पट् । अ॒क्र॒न् । सु॒वि॒ताय॑ । दा॒वने॑ । अर्च॑ । दि॒वे । प्र । पृ॒थि॒व्यै । ऋ॒तम् । भ॒रे॒ ।
उ॒क्षन्ते॑ । अश्वा॑न् । तरु॑षन्ते । आ । रजः॑ । अनु॑ । स्वम् । भा॒नुम् । श्र॒थ॒य॒न्ते॒ । अ॒र्ण॒वैः ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• va ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “you.”

• spaﾱ ← spaś
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “lookout; spy; spaś.”

• akran ← krand
• [verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “roar; neigh; cry; howl; shout.”

• suvitāya ← suvita
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “prosperity; well-being.”

• dāvane ← dā
• [verb noun]
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• ‘rcā ← arcā ← arc
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

• dive ← div
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pṛthivyā ← pṛthivyai ← pṛthivī
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• ṛtam ← ṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• bhare ← bhṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• ukṣante ← ukṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sprinkle; wet.”

• aśvān ← aśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• taruṣanta ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• rajo ← rajaḥ ← rajas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• ’nu ← anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• svam ← sva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• bhānuṃ ← bhānum ← bhānu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sunbeam; beam; luminosity; copper; light; twelve; appearance; Bhānu; flare.”

• śrathayante ← śrathay ← √śrath
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “relax.”

• arṇavaiḥ ← arṇava
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “wave; flood.”

हे मरुतः वः युष्मभ्यं सुविताय सुष्ठु प्राप्तव्याय दावने हविष्प्रदानाय स्पट् स्प्रष्टा होता प्र प्रकर्षेण अक्रन् क्रन्दति स्तौति । वः युष्मान् वा सुष्ठु प्राप्तव्याय दानायाक्रन् ॥ क्रन्दतेः शब्दकर्मणो लडर्थे लङि तिपि रूपम् ॥ हे होतः दिवे द्योतमानाय द्युदेवाय प्र अर्च प्रकर्षेण स्तुहि हे आत्मन् । तथा पृथिव्यै पृथिव्याश्च ऋतं स्तोत्रं भरे संपादयामि । द्यावापृथिव्यावपि मरुतामाधारत्वादत्र निपातभाजौ भवतः । किंच ते मरुतः अश्वान् व्यापकानुदकसंघान् उक्षन्ते सिञ्चन्ति । रजः आ अन्तरिक्षमा सर्वतः तरुषन्ते तरन्ति संचरन्ति । स्वं भानुं स्वकीयं तेजः अर्णवैः मेघैः सह अनु श्रथयन्ते अनुश्लेषयन्ति अनुकूलं प्रापयन्तीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The priest glorifies you, Maruts, for the good of the donor of the oblation; offer worship to the shining (heaven); I bring offerings to the earth; they, the Maruts, scatter the rapid (rain); they traverse the firmament; they combine their own radiance with (that of) the clouds.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The priest: spas’, nominative spat, for spraśta, one who touches the oblations, or the fire, an unusual term for the Hotā

Your scout has stridden forth, to give good faring. I will chant to heaven. I proffer my truth [=hymn] to the earth.
They sprinkle the horses, passing through the dusky realm. They let their own radiance slacken with floods (of rain).

As was indicated in the published introduction, the referent of the ‘spy’ (spáṭ) is unclear.

Geldner suggests a number of possibilities, none compelling; Witzel Gotō take it as the singer. Most bizarrely, Oldenberg interprets the word as an interjection. I think it possible that it is the sun. One clue is the repetition of the phrase suvitā́ya dāváne “to give good faring,” which is used of the Maruts in 4d. I therefore think the ‘spy’ must be a being that can function in the same way as the Maruts and provide the same type of benefit. The sun is elsewhere called a spy (X.35.8), provides light for creatures to move about, and appears before and, more importantly, after a storm.

Part of the solution to the foregoing question depends on another problem in the first pāda, the interpr. of the 3rd sg. verb (prá …) akran. It is regularly assigned to √krand ‘roar’ (so, e.g., Grassmann, Lubotsky), and the standard tr. all interpr. it so. But this interpr.

is by no means universal: both Wh (Rts) and Macdonell instead assign it to √kram ‘stride’. (Oldenberg, again bizarrely, takes it to √kṛ.) Narten sides with the √krand contingent (Sig. Aor. 99 n. 254), though without argument, simply asserting “… kann nicht … zum Wz.-Aor. von kram gestellt werden.” On the one hand, of course, the argument against √kram is obvious: it is a seṭ root – its 3rd sg. root aor. should be, and in fact is, ákramīt. But there are countervailing arguments. √krand is found with the preverb prá in the RV only in IX.77.1 and, at least acdg. to MonWms., nowhere else in Skt., whereas prá √kram is common. Vs. 4d, containing the other occurrence of suvitā́ya dāváne, also contains a verb of movement (at least acdg. to me and Geldner), prá bharadhve ‘press forward’; moreover, suvitā́ya elsewhere in the RV regularly appears with verbs of motion (cf., e.g., nearby V.57.1 suvitā́ya gantana), whereas it does not fit easily with verbs of proclaiming (though cf. VIII.27.10 prá ṇaḥ pū́rvasmai suvitā́ya vocata). As for the morphological problem, from the fairly common (9x) 3rd pl. root aor. (á)kramuḥ, an aniṭ-type kran could easily be backformed. If the verb does belong with √kram and the spy therefore strides forth, rather than roars forth, an entity like the sun makes good sense.

The pāda-initial árcā exactly matches pāda-init. árcā in the opening vs. of the opening hymn in the Marut cycle, V.52.1. As there, so here, we can read the preverb prá with that verb, borrowing it either from the vs. initial form or from the third word in the 2nd pāda. In fact this 2nd prá can be read as a preverb in tmesis either with árcā or with final bhare (or both), and in the former case, it could be interpr. as having moved to the end of its clause árcā divé prá right before the caesura with an opening of 5, rather than being the first word of the 2nd clause prá pṛthivyā́ṛtám bhare right after the caesura with an opening of 4. In other words, prá is ambiguously positioned both syntactically and metrically.

Another ambiguous form is táruṣanta (in sandhi) in c, which can be resolved either as finite 3rd pl. med. táruṣante (so Pp, Grassmann, etc.) or an act. pres. part. masc. pl.

táruṣantaḥ. In the first instance it owes its accent to its clause-init. position; in the latter, because it’s a participle. Since this stem has exactly 3 forms in all of Skt. – this one, an active taruṣema, and a med. 3rd pl. (-anta replacement?) taruṣanta, there is no way to tell, though, since taruṣanta could also belong to an underlyingly active stem, I’m somewhat inclined towards the act. part.

YOUR spy hath called to you to give prosperity. I sing to Heaven and Earth and offer sacrifice.
They bathe their steeds and hasten through the firmament: they spread abroad their radiance through the sea of cloud.

Nach euch ausspähend hat er aufgebrüllt, um euch guten Fortgang zu geben. Ich will dem Himmel singen, der Erde trage ich die wahrhafte Rede vor. Sie begießen ihre Rosse, wann sie den Raum durcheilen; sie lösen durch die Regenfluten ihren Glanz auf.

Eur Späher rauschte, und um Segen zu empfahn, sing’ ich dem Himmel, bring mein Werk der Erde dar; Die Maruts schmücken Rosse und durchziehn den Raum; sie mildern ihren hellen Glanz durch Regenguss.

Ваш соглядатай громко поднял голос, чтобы дать счастливый ход (делу).
Я хочу петь небу. Я приношу земле истинную речь.
Они поливают (своих) коней, пересекая пространство,
Свое сияние они ослабляют волнами (дождя).

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

अ᳓माद् एषाम् भिय᳓सा भू᳓मिर् एजति
ना᳓üर् न᳓ पूर्णा᳓ क्षरति व्य᳓थिर् यती᳓
दूरेदृ᳓शो ये᳓ चित᳓यन्त ए᳓मभिर्
अन्त᳓र् महे᳓ विद᳓थे येतिरे न᳓रः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ámāt ← áma- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

bhiyásā ← bhiyás- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

bhū́miḥ ← bhū́mi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ejati ← √ej- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

kṣarati ← √kṣar- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)

naúḥ ← naú- ~ nā́v- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

pūrṇā́ ← √pr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

vyáthiḥ ← vyáthi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

yatī́ ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

citáyante ← √cit- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dūredŕ̥śaḥ ← dūredŕ̥ś- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

émabhiḥ ← éman- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

antár ← antár (invariable)

mahé ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

náraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vidáthe ← vidátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

yetire ← √yat- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

अमा॑त् । ए॒षा॒म् । भि॒यसा॑ । भूमिः॑ । ए॒ज॒ति॒ । नौः । न । पू॒र्णा । क्ष॒र॒ति॒ । व्यथिः॑ । य॒ती ।
दू॒रे॒ऽदृशः॑ । ये । चि॒तय॑न्ते । एम॑ऽभिः । अ॒न्तः । म॒हे । वि॒दथे॑ । ये॒ति॒रे॒ । नरः॑ ॥

• amād ← amāt ← ama
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “am; panic; power; ferocity.”

• eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• bhiyasā ← bhiyas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “fear.”

• bhūmir ← bhūmiḥ ← bhūmi
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “floor; earth; Earth; real property; region; pṛthivī; location; Earth; place; bhūja; floor; pit; bhūmi [word]; one; hole; shop; distance; country; space; land; territory; topographic point.”

• ejati ← ej
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “move; stir; tremble; travel.”

• naur ← nauḥ ← nau
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “ship; boat; nau [word].”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• pūrṇā ← pṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “fill; elapse; pull back; fill; satisfy; bestow; meet; stuff; load; mix; complete.”

• kṣarati ← kṣar
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run; melt.”

• vyathir ← vyathiḥ ← vyathis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• yatī ← i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• dūredṛśo ← dūredṛśaḥ ← dūredṛś
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• citayanta ← citayante ← citay ← √cit
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

• emabhir ← emabhiḥ ← eman
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

• antar
• [adverb]
• “inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

• mahe ← maha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “great; abundant.”

• vidathe ← vidatha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “meeting; wisdom; council.”

• yetire ← yat
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “strive; endeavor; join; equal; rival.”

• naraḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

एषाम् ॥ अन्वादेशविषयत्वादनुदात्तः ॥ एषां मरुतां भियसा भयेन भूमिः एजति कम्पते नौर्न पूर्णा प्राणिभिः । सा यथोदकमध्ये क्षरति चलति व्यथिः व्यथिता यती गच्छन्ती । एतदुभयं नौविशेषणम् । दूरेदृशः दूरे दृश्यमाना अपि ये मरुतः एमभिः गमनैः चितयन्ते ज्ञायन्ते ते महान्तो मरुतः विदथे यज्ञे महे महते हविषे हविर्भक्षणाय अन्तः द्यावापृथिव्योर्मध्ये येतिरे यतन्ते । नरः नेतारो मरुतः ॥

English translation:

“From their approach, the earth trembles with fear as a crowded boat goes quivering (through the water) visible from afar, they are recognized by their movements; the Maruts, leaders (of rites), pass between (heaven and earth) to the solemn sacrifice.”

In fear of their onslaught the Earth trembles. Like a loaded boat she streams, going a wayward course.
They who, visible from afar, are conspicuous on their travels, the men have taken their places amid the great rite of distribution.

The published interpr. of d follows Thieme (Untersuchungen, p. 39). Witzel Gotō draw attention to Thieme’s revised interpr., in Kl. Sch. II.998-99 (and 834), in which he takes mahé as a dual and vidathé as a final dative: “sie halten inne, um den Regen zu verteilen,” closely followed by Witzel Gotō “… haben zwischen den zwei Grossen (Himmel und Erde) zur Verteilung (des Regens).” Some of this seems worth adopting.

Because of the antár a dual interpr. of mahé is attractive, but rather than separating vidáthe from mahé syntactically (the interposition of the caesura, invoked by Thieme and Witzel Gotō, does not seem sufficient reason) and making it a dative (though the stem is otherwise only thematic and a dat. should be excluded), it seems best to return to Oldenberg’s suggestion that mahé vidáthe is a dual acc. phrase, as it is in VIII.39.1. I would then emend the tr. to “the men have taken their places between the two great divisions [=Heaven and Earth].” This is in fact where the Maruts as thunderstorm are positioned – in the midspace.

Earth shakes and reels in terror at their onward rush, like a full ship which, quivering, lets the water in.
Marked on their ways are they, visible from afar: the Heroes press between in mighty armament.

Aus Furcht vor ihrer Wucht bewegt sich die Erde, sie läuft voll Wasser wie ein vollbeladenes Schiff, das schwankend geht. Die weithin Sichtbaren, die durch ihre Gangarten sich auszeichnen, die Männer sind innerlich eifersüchtig auf die große Opferrede.

Die Erde bebt aus Furcht vor ihrem Ungestüm, sie regt sich wie ein volles Schiff, das schaukelnd geht, Die auf den Fahrten hell erglänzen weit zu schaun, die Männer zogen zwischen Erd’ und Himmel hin.

От страха перед их неистовством сотрясается земля.
Словно полная ладья, плывет она, качаясь.
(Те) видные издалека, что приметны (своими) переходами,
Мужи (-Маруты) сомкнули ряды для великой жертвенной раздачи внутри.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब वायुगुणों को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (नरः) नायक मनुष्यो ! जो (भूमिः) पृथिवी (पूर्णा) पूर्ण (नौः) बड़े नौका के (न) सदृश (भियसा) भय से (व्यथिः) पीड़ित होनेवाली (यती) जाती हुई स्त्री के तुल्य (एजति) काँपती है और (एषाम्) इन वायु और अग्नि आदि के (अमात्) गृह से (क्षरति) वर्षाती है उसको (ये) जो (एमभिः) प्राप्त करानेवाले गुणों से इसके (अन्तः) मध्य में (दूरेदृशः) जो दूर देखे जाते वा दूर देखनेवाले (महे) बड़े के लिये (चितयन्ते) उत्तमता से समझाते हैं और (विदथे) संग्राम वा विज्ञानयुक्त व्यवहार में (येतिरे) प्रयत्न करते हैं, वे ही सब को सुखी करने के योग्य होते हैं ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जैसे शूरवीर जनों के समीप से डरनेवाले जन भागते हैं, वैसे ही वायु और सूर्य से भूमि काँपती और चलती है और जैसे पदार्थों से पूर्ण नौका अग्नि आदि के योग से समुद्र के पार को शीघ्र जाती है, वैसे विद्या के पार मनुष्य जावें और जैसे वीर संग्राम में प्रयत्न करते हैं, वैसे ही अन्य मनुष्यों को प्रयत्न करना चाहिये ॥२॥

अन्वय: हे नरो नायका मनुष्या ! या भूमिः पूर्णा नौर्न भियसा व्यथिर्यती स्त्रीवैजति एषाममात् क्षरति तां य एमभिरस्यान्तर्मध्ये दूरेदृशो महे चितयन्ते विदथे येतिरे त एव सर्वान् सुखयितुमर्हन्ति ॥२॥

अथ वायुगुणानाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अमात्) गृहात् (एषाम्) वाय्वग्न्यादीनाम् (भियसा) भयेन (भूमिः) पृथिवी (एजति) कम्पते (नौः) बृहती नौका (न) इव (पूर्णा)) (क्षरति) वर्षति (व्यथिः) या व्यथते सा (यती) गच्छन्ती (दूरेदृशः) ये दूरे दृश्यन्ते पश्यन्ति वा (ये) (चितयन्ते) प्रज्ञापयन्ति (एमभिः) प्रापकैर्गुणैः (अन्तः) मध्ये (महे) महते (विदथे) सङ्ग्रामे विज्ञानमये व्यवहारे वा (येतिरे) यतन्ते (नरः) नेतारो मनुष्याः ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। यथा शूराणां समीपाद् भीरवः पलायन्ते तथैव वायुसूर्य्याभ्यां भूमिः कम्पते चलति च यथा पदार्थैः पूर्णा नौरग्न्यादियोगेन समुद्रपारं सद्यो गच्छति तथा विद्यापारं मनुष्या गच्छन्तु यथा वीराः सङ्ग्रामे प्रयतन्ते तथैवेतरैर्मनुष्यैः प्रयतितव्यम् ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जसे शूर वीराजवळ जाण्यास भित्री माणसे घाबरतात तसे वायू व सूर्यामुळे भूमी कंपायमान होते. जशी पदार्थांनी भरलेली नौका अग्नी इत्यादीद्वारे तात्काळ समुद्रापार जाते तसे विद्येच्या पार माणसांनी पोचावे. जसे वीर पुरुष युद्धात प्रयत्नशील असतात तसे इतर माणसांनीही प्रयत्नशील असावे. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

ग᳓वाम् इव श्रिय᳓से शृ᳓ङ्गम् उत्तमं᳓
सू᳓र्यो न᳓ च᳓क्षू र᳓जसो विस᳓र्जने
अ᳓त्या इव सुभु᳓वश् चा᳓रव स्थन
म᳓र्या इव श्रिय᳓से चेतथा नरः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
gávām ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

śriyáse ← śriyás- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

śŕ̥ṅgam ← śŕ̥ṅga- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

uttamám ← uttamá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

cákṣuḥ ← cákṣus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

rájasaḥ ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sū́ryaḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

visárjane ← visárjana- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

átyāḥ ← átya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

cā́ravaḥ ← cā́ru- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

sthana ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

subhvàḥ ← subhū́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

cetatha ← √cit- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

máryāḥ ← márya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

naraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

śriyáse ← śriyás- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

गवा॑म्ऽइव । श्रि॒यसे॑ । शृङ्ग॑म् । उ॒त्ऽत॒मम् । सूर्यः॑ । न । चक्षुः॑ । रज॑सः । वि॒ऽसर्ज॑ने ।
अत्याः॑ऽइव । सु॒ऽभ्वः॑ । चार॑वः । स्थ॒न॒ । मर्याः॑ऽइव । श्रि॒यसे॑ । चे॒त॒थ॒ । न॒रः॒ ॥

• gavām ← go
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• śriyase ← śrī
• [verb noun]
• “cook; boil; heat; cook; mix.”

• śṛṅgam ← śṛṅga
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “peak; horn; tusk; śṛṅga [word].”

• uttamaṃ ← uttamam ← uttama
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “best; excellent; highest; better; extreme; last; first; topmost; chief(a); higher; highest; maximal; uttama [word]; prevailing; finest.”

• sūryo ← sūryaḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• cakṣū ← cakṣuḥ ← cakṣus
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “eye; look; visual perception; cakṣus [word]; sight.”

• rajaso ← rajasaḥ ← rajas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• visarjane ← visarjana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “gift.”

• atyā ← atyāḥ ← atya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse; steed.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• subhvaś ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• subhvaś ← bhvaḥ ← bhū
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Earth; floor; earth; bhū; Earth; one; saurāṣṭrā; three; land; land; place; world; bhū [word]; soil; pṛthivī; being; bhūja; floor; bhūnāga; sphaṭikā; beginning; birth; estate.”

• cārava ← cāravaḥ ← cāru
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “pleasant; beautiful; beloved; agreeable; cāru [word].”

• sthana ← as
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• maryā ← maryāḥ ← marya
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “young buck; boyfriend.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• śriyase ← śrī
• [verb noun]
• “cook; boil; heat; cook; mix.”

• cetathā ← cetatha ← cit
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

• naraḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

हे मरुतो यूयं गवां शृङ्गम् इव उत्तमम् उत्कृष्टमुष्णीषपट्टादिकं श्रियसे श्रिये धारयथेति शेषः । सूर्यो न सूर्य इव । स यथा रजसः तेजसः विसर्जने चक्षुः दर्शनसाधनं मण्डलं धत्ते तद्वद्रजसो वृष्टेर्विसर्जने विसर्जनाय चक्षुः सर्वस्य प्रकाशकं तेजो धारयथ । अत्याइव अश्वाइव सुभ्वः सुष्ठु सर्वत्र भवन्तो वेगवन्तः चारवः दर्शनीयाः स्थन भवथ। मर्याः मर्त्याः यजमानाः इव । ते यथा श्रियसे जानन्ति यज्ञादिकं तद्वच्छ्रिये चेतथ हे नरः नेतारो मरुतः ॥

English translation:

“You bear, for your decoration, an excellent (diadem) like the horn of cattle; as the sun, the eye (of day, dispenses light), so (are you diligent) in the distribution of the rains; graceful are you, and rapid as horses, and like (pious) mortals, you, leaders (of rites), consider (holy ceremonies) for their glory.”

(Your) horn, like (those) of cows, stands tallest for splendor; (your) eye is like the sun in his surging through the dusky realm.
Like steeds of good quality, you are pleasing. Like young bloods, you are conspicuous for splendor, o men.

The various tr. configure these four similes somewhat differently; I won’t comment in detail on these versions. The most puzzling one is the first, in great part because it is not clear what the Maruts’ horn would be – perhaps the superstructure of their helmets? or their lightning bolts? (Sāyaṇa. takes it as their turban.) Geldner suggests that it has a double meaning, horn and Selbstgefühl, but we still need some physical aspect of the Maruts that could be compared to cowhorns, so the second abstract sense doesn’t help much.

Most interpr. take sū́ryo ná cákṣuḥ either as a mistake for gen. sū́raḥ (so Grassmann, e.g.) or as a decomposed bahuvrīhi, both yielding “like the eye of the sun.” I see no reason to adopt either interpr. The suggested phrase, with a proper gen., is found in 5d sū́ryasya cákṣuḥ (and, of course, elsewhere) in the same metrical position. If Śyāvāśva had wanted to say that here, he would have. Instead he must be comparing the Maruts’ eye to the sun, with both in the nom. Since sū́ryasya cákṣuḥ is a fairly common expression, its appearance in vs. 5 can be seen as poetic repair of the double nom. in our vs. In my view the quality held in common by sun and eye is the light emitted in the journey through space, but this depends on one’s interpr. of visárjane.

Geldner gives it a later sense not otherwise found in the RV (Aufhören ‘stopping’, sim.

Witzel Gotō Schwinden); Renou takes it as ‘expansion’. I see it as a variant of ví √sṛ ‘stream/run/spread through’. Cf. rájaso visāré I.79.1, used of Agni compared to the sun. In fact, we might consider the two phrases to be variants of each other; both are pāda final, with I.79.1 in a dimeter (hence iambic) cadence, while ours provides a Jagatī cadence.

As the exalted horn of bulls for splendid might, as the Sun’s eye set in the firmament’s expanse,
Like vigorous horses ye are beauteous to behold, and for your glory show like bridegrooms, O ye Men.

Wie der Rinder Horn ist euer höchstes Horn prächtig zu schauen, wie das Auge der Sonne bei Aufhören des Dunkels. Wie stattliche Rennpferde seid ihr schön, prächtig zu schauen wie junge Männer zieht ihr Herren die Augen auf euch.

Zu schönem Anblick, wie der Stiere höchtes Horn, wie Aug’ der Sonne, wenn das Dunkel vor ihr weicht, Wie prächt’ge Rosse seid ihr lieblich anzuschau’n; wie Freier zeigt ihr Männer euch zu schöner Pracht.

Ваш превосходный рог (создан) для красоты, как у быков.
(Вы) словно глаз (богов) – солнце при рассеивании мрака.
Вы красивы, как статные кони.
Словно юноши, красуясь, вы привлекаете внимание, о мужи.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (सुभ्वः) उत्तम प्रकार होनेवाले (चारवः) सुन्दर स्वभावयुक्त वा जानेवाले (नरः) नायक मनुष्यो ! (शृङ्गम्) ऊपर के (उत्तमम्) उत्तम भाग को (सूर्य्यः) सूर्य्य के (न) सदृश (गवामिव) किरणों के सदृश (श्रियसे) सेवने को (रजसः) लोक के (विसर्जने) त्याग में (चक्षुः) प्रकाश करनेवाले के सदृश आप लोग (स्थन) हूजिये और (अत्याइव) घोड़े के सदृश (मर्य्याइव) वा विद्वानों के सदृश (श्रियसे) आश्रयण करने को आप लोग (चेतथा) उत्तम प्रकार जानिये वा जनाइये ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जो मनुष्य किरणों, सूर्य्य, घोड़े और मनुष्यों के सदृश प्रकाश, दान, वेग और विवेक को सेवते हैं, वे ही उत्तम सुख को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे सुभ्वश्चारवो नरः ! शृङ्गमुत्तमं सूर्य्यो न गवामिव श्रियसे रजसो विसर्जने चक्षुरिव यूयं स्थनात्याइव मर्य्याइव श्रियसे यूयं चेतथा ॥३॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (गवामिव) किरणानामिव (श्रियसे) सेवितुम् (शृङ्गम्) उपरिभागम् (उत्तमम्) (सूर्यः) सविता (न) इव (चक्षुः) प्रकाशकः (रजसः) लोकस्य (विसर्जने) त्यागे (अत्याइव) अश्ववत् (सुभ्वः) ये सुष्ठु भवन्ति (चारवः) सुन्दरस्वभावा गन्तारो वा (स्थन) भवत (मर्य्याइव) यथा विद्वांसो मनुष्याः (श्रियसे) श्रयितुमाश्रयितुम् (चेतथा) सञ्जानीध्वं ज्ञापयत वा। अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (नरः) नेतारो मनुष्याः ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । ये किरणवत्सूर्य्यवदश्ववन्मनुष्यवत्प्रकाशं दानं वेगं विवेकं च सेवन्ते त एवोत्तमं सुखं लभन्ते ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जी माणसे किरण, सूर्य, घोडे व माणसांप्रमाणे प्रकाश, दान, वेग व विवेक यांना स्वीकारतात. तीच उत्तम सुख प्राप्त करतात. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

को᳓ वो महा᳓न्ति महता᳓म् उ᳓द् अश्नवत्
क᳓स् का᳓विया मरुतः को᳓ ह पउं᳓सिया
यूयं᳓ ह भू᳓मिं किर᳓णं न᳓ रेजथ
प्र᳓ य᳓द् भ᳓रध्वे सुविता᳓य दाव᳓ने

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aśnavat ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

káḥ ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mahā́nti ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

mahatā́m ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

út ← út (invariable)

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

ha ← ha (invariable)

káḥ ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

káḥ ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kā́vyā ← kā́vya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

paúṁsyā ← paúṁsya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

bhū́mim ← bhū́mi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ha ← ha (invariable)

kiráṇam ← kiráṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

rejatha ← √rej- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yūyám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

bháradhve ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dāváne ← √dā- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

suvitā́ya ← suvitá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

कः । वः॒ । म॒हान्ति॑ । म॒ह॒ताम् । उत् । अ॒श्न॒व॒त् । कः । काव्या॑ । म॒रु॒तः॒ । कः । ह॒ । पौंस्या॑ ।
यू॒यम् । ह॒ । भूमि॑म् । कि॒रण॑म् । न । रे॒ज॒थ॒ । प्र । यत् । भर॑ध्वे । सु॒वि॒ताय॑ । दा॒वने॑ ॥

• ko ← kaḥ ← ka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• mahānti ← mahat
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• mahatām ← mahat
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• aśnavat ← aś
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

• kas ← kaḥ ← ka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• kāvyā ← kāvya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

• marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ko ← kaḥ ← ka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• ha
• [adverb]
• “indeed; ha [word].”

• pauṃsyā ← pauṃsya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “manfulness; deed; army; strength.”

• yūyaṃ ← yūyam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “you.”

• ha
• [adverb]
• “indeed; ha [word].”

• bhūmiṃ ← bhūmim ← bhūmi
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “floor; earth; Earth; real property; region; pṛthivī; location; Earth; place; bhūja; floor; pit; bhūmi [word]; one; hole; shop; distance; country; space; land; territory; topographic point.”

• kiraṇaṃ ← kiraṇam ← kiraṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “beam; sunbeam; Kiraṇa; dust; sun; chapter.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• rejatha ← rej
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “tremor; flicker.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• bharadhve ← bhṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• suvitāya ← suvita
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “prosperity; well-being.”

• dāvane ← dā
• [verb noun]
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

हे मरुतः वः युष्माकं महतां पूज्यानां कः यजमानः महान्ति श्रेयांसि उदश्नवत् उत्कृष्टं प्राप्नुयात् । कः च तदर्थं काव्या काव्यानि कवीनां युष्माकं संबन्धीनि स्तोत्राणि उदश्नवत् । को ह कश्च पौंस्या पौंस्यानि पराक्रमान् उदश्नवत् । आदरार्थं पुनर्वचनम् । यूयं ह यूयं खलु भूमिं किरणं न किरणमिव रेजथः । किरणं यथा वृष्ट्यर्थं चालयथ तद्वद्भूमिं रेजथ । यत् यस्मात् सुविताय सुष्ठु प्राप्तव्याय । प्राप्तव्यस्येत्यर्थः । तादृशस्य धनस्य वृष्ट्युदकस्य वा दावने दानाय प्र भरध्वे प्रकर्षेण संपादयथ वृष्टिम् । यस्माद्यूयमेवं कुरुथ तस्मात्क एवं करोतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Who may exalt the great excellences of you who are adorable? who may (offer you fitting) praises? who (glorify your) manly (deeds)? For you make the earth tremble like a ray (of light) when you confer the gift (of rain) for (the diffusion of) fertility.”

Who can reach up to the great things of you great ones? Who to your poetic skills, Maruts, who to your manly deeds?
You set the earth to quivering like a dustmote, when you press forward, to give good faring.

Pāda b succinctly summarizes the special skills of the Maruts, which lie in their ability both to produce praise poetry and to perform hypermasculine feats.

The sandhi of kás kā́vyā is irregular, but connected to similar irregular sandhis before kaví- elsewhere. See comm. ad VII.18.2.

Who, O ye Maruts, may attain the mighty lore of you the mighty, who may reach your manly deeds?
Ye, verily, make earth tremble like a ray of light what time ye bring your boons to give prosperity,

Wer kann alles, was an euch Großen groß ist, erfassen, wer eure Weisheit, wer eure Mannestaten, ihr Marut! Ihr machet die Erde erzittern wie Sonnenstäubchen, wenn ihr vorauseilt, um Wohlfahrt zu schenken.

Wer kann erreichen, was ihr grosse grosses habt, wer, Maruts, eure Heldenthat und Seherkraft? Gleich wie ein Stäubchen reget ihr die Erde auf, wenn ihr euch aufmacht uns zu spenden Wohlergehn.

Кто может достигнуть великих (дел, происходящих) у вас, великих?
Кто (ваших) поэтических сил, о Маруты? Кто, наконец, (ваших) мужественных деяний?
Это вы приводите в трепет землю, как пылинку,
Когда вы несетесь вперед, чтобы дать счастливый ход (делу).

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मरुतः) विचार करनेवाले जनो ! (महताम्) बड़े (वः) आप लोगों के वा आप लोगों को (महान्ति) बड़े विज्ञान आदिकों को (कः) कौन (उत्, अश्नवत्) उत्तमता से प्राप्त होता है (कः) कौन (काव्या) बुद्धिमानों के कामों को उत्तमता से प्राप्त होता है (कः) कौन (ह) निश्चय से (पौंस्या) पुरुषों के इन बलों को प्राप्त होता है जिससे (यूयम्) आप लोग (भूमिम्) पृथिवी को (किरणम्) दीप्ति के (न) समान (रेजथ) कँपावें और (यत्) जिसको (ह) निश्चय (सुविताय) ऐश्वर्य और (दावने) देनेवाले के लिये (प्र, भरध्वे) धारण कीजिये, उसी को सब लोग प्राप्त होवें ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में प्रश्न और उत्तर हैं-कौन यथार्थवक्ता जनों के समीप से बड़े विज्ञानों को प्राप्त होता है और कौन आप्तजनों के कर्म्मों को और कौन वीरों के बलों को प्राप्त होता है, इन प्रश्नों का उत्तर यह है कि पवित्र अन्तःकरण युक्त और धर्म्म के सुनने की इच्छा करनेवाले धर्मिष्ठ पुरुषार्थी और ब्रह्मचारी हैं ॥४॥

अन्वय: हे मरुतो ! महतां वो महान्ति क उदश्नवत् कः काव्योदश्नवत्को ह पौंस्योदश्नवद्यतो यूयं भूमिं किरणं न रेजथ यद्ध सुविताय दावने प्र भरध्वे तदेव सर्वैः प्राप्तव्यम् ॥४॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कः) (वः) युष्माकं युष्मान् वा (महान्ति) विज्ञानादीनि (महताम्) (उत्) (अश्नवत्) प्राप्नोति (कः) (काव्या) कवीनां मेधाविनां कर्म्माणि (मरुतः) मननशीलाः (कः) (ह) किल (पौंस्या) पुंसामिमानि बलानि (यूयम्) (ह) खलु (भूमिम्) (किरणम्) दीप्तिम् (न) इव (रेजथ) कम्पध्वम् (प्र) (यत्) यम् (भरध्वे) धरत (सुविताय) ऐश्वर्य्याय (दावने) दात्रे ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र प्रश्नोत्तराणि सन्ति−क आप्तानां सकाशान्महान्ति विज्ञानानि प्राप्नोति, कश्चाप्तानां कर्म्माणि, को वीराणां बलानि चेत्यतेषामुत्तरं ये पवित्रान्तःकरणाः शुश्रूषवो धर्मिष्ठाः पुरुषार्थिनो ब्रह्मचारिणश्चेति ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात प्रश्नोत्तरे आहेत. कोण विद्वानांकडून विज्ञान प्राप्त करतो? कोण बुद्धिमान लोकांच्या कर्मानुसार वागतो? व कोण वीरांचे बल प्राप्त करतो? या प्रश्नांचे उत्तर असे की पवित्र अंतःकरण असणारे, धर्माचे श्रवण करण्याची इच्छा असणारे, धार्मिक पुरुषार्थी व ब्रह्मचारी हे प्राप्त करतात. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

अ᳓श्वा इवे᳓द् अरुषा᳓सः स᳓बन्धवः
शू᳓रा इव प्रयु᳓धः प्रो᳓त᳓ युयुधुः
म᳓र्या इव सुवृ᳓धो वावृधुर् न᳓रः
सू᳓र्यस्य च᳓क्षुः प्र᳓ मिनन्ति वृष्टि᳓भिः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aruṣā́saḥ ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

áśvāḥ ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ít ← ít (invariable)

iva ← iva (invariable)

sábandhavaḥ ← sábandhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

prayúdhaḥ ← prayúdh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śū́rāḥ ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

utá ← utá (invariable)

yuyudhuḥ ← √yudh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

máryāḥ ← márya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

náraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

suvŕ̥dhaḥ ← suvŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vāvr̥dhuḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

cákṣuḥ ← cákṣus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

minanti ← √mī- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣṭíbhiḥ ← vr̥ṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

अश्वाः॑ऽइव । इत् । अ॒रु॒षासः॑ । सऽब॑न्धवः । शूराः॑ऽइव । प्र॒ऽयुधः॑ । प्र । उ॒त । यु॒यु॒धुः॒ ।
मर्याः॑ऽइव । सु॒ऽवृधः॑ । व॒वृ॒धुः॒ । नरः॑ । सूर्य॑स्य । चक्षुः॑ । प्र । मि॒न॒न्ति॒ । वृ॒ष्टिऽभिः॑ ॥

• aśvā ← aśvāḥ ← aśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• ived ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• ived ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• aruṣāsaḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “red; red.”

• sabandhavaḥ ← sa
• [adverb]
• “with; little; together.”

• sabandhavaḥ ← bandhavaḥ ← bandhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “relative; bandhu [word]; association; friend; kin.”

• śūrā ← śūrāḥ ← śūra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• prayudhaḥ ← prayudh
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• prota ← pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• prota ← uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• yuyudhuḥ ← yudh
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “fight; overcome.”

• maryā ← maryāḥ ← marya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “young buck; boyfriend.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• suvṛdho ← suvṛdhaḥ ← suvṛdh
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• vāvṛdhur ← vāvṛdhuḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• naraḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• cakṣuḥ ← cakṣus
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “eye; look; visual perception; cakṣus [word]; sight.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• minanti ← mī
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “transgress; damage.”

• vṛṣṭibhiḥ ← vṛṣṭi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “rain; shower; rainy season.”

मरुत एते अश्वाइव शीघ्रगन्तारः अरुषासः आरोचमानाः सबन्धवः । समान एक एव बन्धुर्बन्धको रुद्रो येषां ते तादृशाः । परस्परं बन्धवः स्नेहयुक्ता वा शूराः भटाः इव प्रयुधः प्रयोद्धारो वैरिभिः सह तादृशाः उत अपि च प्र युयुधुः प्रकर्षेण युध्यन्ते । मर्याइव मनुष्या यथा वर्धन्ते तथा सुवृधः सुष्ठु वर्धयितारो वर्धमाना वा नरः नेतारः ववृधुः वर्धन्ते । एवं महात्मानः सूर्यस्य चक्षुः तेजःसमूहं मण्डलं वा वृष्टिभिः प्र मिनन्ति प्रकर्षेण हिंसन्ति आवृण्वन्तीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Resplendent as steeds, of one kindred, they engage in combat like valiant heroes; like (prosperous) men, they, the leaders (of rites), have increased (in power), and cover the eye of the sun with showers.”

Like reddish horses [=flames of fire] they are of the same lineage, like champions in the vanguard, they have fought in advance.
Like very strong young bloods, the men have grown strong. They
confound the eye of the sun with their rains.

The simile in pāda a requires a hidden term of comparison. The “reddish horses” (áśvāḥ … aruṣā́saḥ) must be, covertly, the flames of a fire; that is why they have the same lineage, because they all flare up from the same source. I doubt that the poet was telling us that all red horses have the same bloodlines! The two middle similes (b, c) seem redundantly phrased, in that in each case one of the terms applied to the subject also provides the verb: prayúdhaḥ prá … yuyudhuḥ (b), suvṛ́dho vāvṛdhuḥ (c). I do not understand the stylistic point of this redundancy, but since it’s repeated in adjacent pādas it must be deliberate.

I also don’t understand the utá in b, placed between preverb and verb (prótá yuyudhuḥ) and with nothing obvious to conjoin. Klein (DGRV I.373-74) takes it as conjoining b with a, but gives no explanation for its position, whose extreme rarity he notes.

Another anomaly in b is the metrical shape of the verb, in pāda-final position: yuyudhuḥ would be far better read *yūyudhuḥ. Although no forms of this poorly attested perfect is transmitted with long reduplication, it’s worth noting the hapax redupl. i-stem yū́yudhi- (X.149.4), a variant of yúyudhi- (2x).

Like steeds of ruddy colour, scions of one race, as foremost champions they have battled in the van.
The Heroes have waxed strong like we.1grown manly youths; with floods of rain they make the Sun’s eye fade away,

Wie rötliche Rosse sind sie von gleicher Rasse und sie kämpfen an der Spitze wie die Helden als Vorkämpfer. Wie wohlgewachsene Jünglinge sind die Männer gewachsen; das Auge der Sonne vermindern sie durch den Regen.

Wie flammenrother Rosse eng verbundne Schar, Vorkämpfern gleichend kämpfen tapfer sie voran, Wie kühne Helden zeigten kühn die Männer sich; der Sonne Auge mildern sie durch Regenguss.

Словно рыжие кони, вы той же самой породы.
Как герои, сражающиеся в первых рядах, вы сражаетесь в первых рядах.
Словно юноши прекрасного роста, выросли (эти) мужи.
Струями дождя они уменьшают глаз солнца.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वान् जनो ! (सबन्धवः) तुल्य बन्धु जिनके ऐसे (नरः) नायक आप लोग (अरुषासः) रक्त आदि गुणों से विशिष्ट (अश्वाइव, इत्) घोड़ों के सदृश ही शीघ्र चलिये (उत) और (प्रयुधः) अत्यन्त युद्ध करनेवाले (शूराइव) शूरवीरों के सदृश (प्र, युयुधुः) अत्यन्त युद्ध करिये तथा (सुवृधः) उत्तम प्रकार बढ़नेवाले (मर्याइव) मनुष्यों के सदृश (वावृधुः) बढ़िये और पवन (सूर्यस्य) सूर्य्य देव के (चक्षुः) देखता जिससे उसको (वृष्टिभिः) वर्षाओं से जैसे वैसे शत्रुओं की सेनाओं को (प्र, मिनन्ति) अत्यन्त नाश करते हैं, वे सत्कार करने योग्य हैं ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । जो घोड़ों के सदृश बलिष्ठ, शूरवीरों के सदृश भयरहित, मनुष्यों के सदृश विचारशील और सूर्य के सदृश अविद्यारूपी अन्धकार के निवारक हैं, वे सब के कल्याण के लिये होते हैं ॥५॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो ! सबन्धवो नरो भवन्तोऽरुषासोऽश्वाइवेत् सद्यो गच्छन्तूत प्रयुधः शूराइव प्र युयुधुः सुवृधो मर्याइव वावृधुर्वायवः सूर्य्यस्य चक्षुर्वृष्टिभिरिव शत्रुसेनाः प्र मिनन्ति ते सत्कर्त्तव्याः सन्ति ॥५॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अश्वाइव) तुरङ्गा इव (इत्) (अरुषासः) रक्तादिगुणविशिष्टाः (सबन्धवः) समाना बन्धवो येषान्ते (शूराइव) शूरवत् (प्रयुधः) ये प्रकर्षेण युध्यन्ते (प्र) (उत) (युयुधुः) सङ्ग्रामं कुर्युः (मर्याइव) मनुष्यवत् (सुवृधः) ये सुष्ठु वर्धन्ते ते (वावृधुः) वर्धन्ताम् (नरः) नायकाः (सूर्यस्य) सवितृदेवस्य (चक्षुः) चष्टे येन तत् (प्र) (मिनन्ति) हिंसन्ति (वृष्टिभिः) वर्षाभिः ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । येऽश्वद्बलिष्ठाः शूरवन्निर्भया मनुष्यवद्विचारशीलाः सूर्यवदविद्याऽन्धकारनिवारकाः सन्ति ते सर्वस्य कल्याणाय भवन्ति ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जे घोड्याप्रमाणे बलवान, शूराप्रमाणे निर्भय, मानवाप्रमाणे विचारशील व सूर्याप्रमाणे अविद्यारूपी अंधःकाराचे निवारक असतात ते सर्वांचे कल्याणकर्ते असतात. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

ते᳓ अज्येष्ठा᳓ अ᳓कनिष्ठास उद्भि᳓दो
अ᳓मध्यमासो म᳓हसा वि᳓ वावृधुः
सुजाता᳓सो जनु᳓षा पृ᳓श्निमातरो
दिवो᳓ म᳓र्या आ᳓ नो अ᳓छा जिगातन

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ajyeṣṭhā́ḥ ← ajyeṣṭhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ákaniṣṭhāsaḥ ← ákaniṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

udbhídaḥ ← udbhíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ámadhyamāsaḥ ← ámadhyama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

máhasā ← máhas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

vāvr̥dhuḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ví ← ví (invariable)

janúṣā ← janúṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

pŕ̥śnimātaraḥ ← pŕ̥śnimātar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sujātā́saḥ ← sujātá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ácha ← ácha (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

jigātana ← √gā- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

máryāḥ ← márya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ते । अ॒ज्ये॒ष्ठाः । अक॑निष्ठासः । उ॒त्ऽभिदः॑ । अम॑ध्यमासः । मह॑सा । वि । व॒वृ॒धुः॒ ।
सु॒ऽजा॒तासः॑ । ज॒नुषा॑ । पृश्नि॑ऽमातरः । दि॒वः । मर्याः॑ । आ । नः॒ । अच्छ॑ । जि॒गा॒त॒न॒ ॥

• te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ajyeṣṭhā ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• ajyeṣṭhā ← jyeṣṭhāḥ ← jyeṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

• akaniṣṭhāsa ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• akaniṣṭhāsa ← kaniṣṭhāsaḥ ← kaniṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “worst; youngest.”

• udbhido ← udbhidaḥ ← udbhid
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• ‘madhyamāso ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• ‘madhyamāso ← madhyamāsaḥ ← madhyama
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “intermediate; middle; average; second; average; adult; central; moderate; mean; center(a).”

• mahasā ← mahas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “greatness; festival; glory; reward; gladness.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• vāvṛdhuḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• sujātāso ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sujātāso ← jātāsaḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• januṣā ← janus
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “birth.”

• pṛśnimātaro ← pṛśni
• [noun], feminine
• “Pṛśni; beam.”

• pṛśnimātaro ← mātaraḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• maryā ← maryāḥ ← marya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “young buck; boyfriend.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

• jigātana ← gā
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); arrive.”

ते मरुतः अज्येष्ठाः अकनिष्ठासः अकनिष्ठाः उद्भिदः उद्भेदयितारः शत्रूणाम् अमध्यमासः अमध्यमाः सर्वप्रकारैः समाः महसा तेजसा वि ववृधुः विवर्धन्ते । सुजातासः सुष्ठु संभूताः जनुषा जन्मना पृश्निमातरः पृश्नेः पुत्राः मर्याः मनुष्येभ्यो हिता यूयं दिवः सकाशात् नः अस्मान् अच्छ अभिमुखम् आ जिगातन सर्वतः प्रशंसत साध्वनुष्ठितमिति । उत्तरार्धः प्रत्यक्षकृतः । यद्वा । ये सुजाता जनुषा पृश्निमातरश्च तान् दिव आगतान् हे ऋत्विजो मर्या यूयमा जिगातन आगच्छत ते नोऽच्छ आगच्छतास्मदभिमुखम् ॥

English translation:

“None of them are older, none younger (than the others); the destroyers of (foes), none hold a middle (rank), but all excel in glory; honourable by birth having Pṛṣṇi for your mother, do you, Maruts, favourable to man, come from heaven to our presence.”

They, bursting forth with no oldest one, no youngest, no middle, have grown forth in their greatness.
Noble by birth, having Pr̥śni as mother, young bloods of heaven—come here to us.

Having no eldest and no youngest in their band, no middlomost, preeminent they have waxed in might,
These Sons of Prsni, sprung of noble ancestry: come hitberward to us, ye bridegrooms of the sky.

Ohne Ältesten, ohne Jüngsten, ohne Mittleren, alle an der Spitze sind sie in voller Größe ausgewachsen. Edel von Geburt, Söhne der Prisni, des Himmels Jungen, kommt zu uns her!

Die Sprudler, deren keiner jüngster, ältester, noch mittler ist, in Pracht und Grösse wuchsen sie; Die Priçnisöhne hochgeadelt von Geburt, des Himmels Mannen; kommet doch zu uns herbei.

Без старшего, без младшего, без среднего –
(Все) во главе, они выросли во всю мощь.
Благородные по рождению, сыновьями Пришни,
Юноши неба, приезжайте к нам!

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वानो ! जो (अज्येष्ठाः) नहीं विद्यमान ज्येष्ठ जिनके वा (अकनिष्ठासः) नहीं विद्यमान छोटा जिनके वा (उद्भिदः) पृथिवी को फोड़कर उगनेवाले तथा (अमध्यमासः) नहीं विद्यमान मध्यम जिनके वे (जनुषा) जन्म से (सुजातासः) उत्तम व्यवहारों में प्रसिद्ध वा (पृश्निमातरः) अन्तरिक्ष माता जिनका वे और (दिवः) कामना करते हुए (मर्याः) मनुष्य (महसा) बड़े बल आदि से (वि, वावृधुः) विशेष बढ़ते हैं (ते) वे (नः) हम लोगों की (अच्छा) उत्तम प्रकार (आ, जिगातन) सब ओर से प्रशंसा करते हैं ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्यों में यथायोग्य उत्तम शिक्षा हो तो कनिष्ठ, मध्यम और उत्तम जन विचारशील होकर यथायोग्य जगत् की उन्नति कर सकें ॥६॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो ! येऽज्येष्ठा अकनिष्ठास उद्भिदोऽमध्यमासो जनुषा सुजातासः पृश्निमातरो दिवो मर्या महसा वि वावृधुस्ते नोऽच्छाऽऽजिगातन ॥६॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ते) (अज्येष्ठाः) अविद्यमानो ज्येष्ठो येषान्ते (अकनिष्ठासः) अविद्यमानाः कनिष्ठा येषान्ते (उद्भिदः) ये पृथिवीं भित्त्वा प्ररोहन्ति (अमध्यमासः) अविद्यमानो मध्यमो येषां ते (महसा) महता बलादिना (वि) (वावृधुः) वर्धन्ते (सुजातासः) शोभनेषु व्यवहारेषु प्रसिद्धाः (जनुषा) जन्मना (पृश्निमातरः) पृश्निरन्तरिक्षं माता येषान्ते (दिवः) कामयमानाः (मर्याः) मनुष्याः (आ) समन्तात् (नः) अस्मान् (अच्छा) अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (जिगातन) प्रशंसन्ति ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यदि मनुष्येषु यथावत्सुशिक्षा भवेत्तर्हि कनिष्ठा मध्यमोत्तमा जना विवेकिनो भूत्वा यथावज्जगदुन्नतिं कर्त्तुं शक्नुयुः ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जर माणसांमध्ये यथायोग्य उत्तम शिक्षण असेल तर कनिष्ठ, मध्यम व उत्तम लोक विचारशील होऊन जगाची यथायोग्य उन्नती करू शकतात. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

व᳓यो न᳓ ये᳓ श्र᳓यणीः+ पप्तु᳓र् ओ᳓जसा
अ᳓न्तान् दिवो᳓ बृहतः᳓ सा᳓नुनस् प᳓रि
अ᳓श्वास एषाम् उभ᳓ये य᳓था विदुः᳓
प्र᳓ प᳓र्वतस्य नभनूँ᳓र् अचुच्यवुः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ná ← ná (invariable)

ójasā ← ójas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

paptúḥ ← √pat- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

śréṇīḥ ← śréṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

váyaḥ ← ví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

ántān ← ánta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

br̥hatáḥ ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

sā́nunaḥ ← sā́nu- ~ snú- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

áśvāsaḥ ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

ubháye ← ubháya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vidúḥ ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

yáthā ← yáthā (invariable)

acucyavuḥ ← √cyu- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

nabhanū́n ← nabhanú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

párvatasya ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

वयः॑ । न । ये । श्रेणीः॑ । प॒प्तुः । ओज॑सा । अन्ता॑न् । दि॒वः । बृ॒ह॒तः । सानु॑नः । परि॑ ।
अश्वा॑सः । ए॒षा॒म् । उ॒भये॑ । यथा॑ । वि॒दुः । प्र । पर्व॑तस्य । न॒भ॒नून् । अ॒चु॒च्य॒वुः॒ ॥

• vayo ← vayaḥ ← vi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “vi; bird; vi.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• śreṇīḥ ← śreṇi
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “club; line.”

• paptur ← paptuḥ ← pat
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “fall down; drop; fly; issue; fall; fall; decay; hang down; banish; throw; lodge; disappear.”

• ojasāntān ← ojasā ← ojas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

• ojasāntān ← antān ← anta
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “end; last syllable; end; end; boundary; inside; border; death; anta [word]; edge; end; shore; limit; region; outskirt; destruction; boundary; limit; anta; termination; corner; conclusion; hem; end; ant; edge.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• bṛhataḥ ← bṛhat
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• sānunas ← sānunaḥ ← sānu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• aśvāsa ← aśvāsaḥ ← aśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• ubhaye ← ubhaya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “both(a).”

• yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

• viduḥ ← vid
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• parvatasya ← parvata
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

• nabhanūṃr ← nabhanūn ← nabhanu
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine

• acucyavuḥ ← cyu
• [verb], plural, Plusquamperfect
• “fall down; issue; shoot; ejaculate; deviate; banish; drop; dislodge; miss; deprive.”

ये मरुतः वयो न पक्षिण इव श्रेणीः पङ्क्तयः सन्तः ओजसा बलेन दिवः अन्तरिक्षस्यादित्यस्य वा अन्तान् पर्यन्तान बृहतः महतः सानुनः समुन्नतस्याकाशवलयस्य परि परितः पप्तुः पतन्ति एषाम् अश्वासः अश्वाः पर्वतस्य मेघस्य नभनून् ॥ भनतेः शब्दकर्मणो नभ्राडितिवत् नभनवः ॥ उदकानि प्र अचुच्यवुः च्यावयन्ति । उभये देवा मनुष्याश्च यथा विदुः जानन्ति तथा । मनुष्याणां ज्ञानं प्रसिद्धम् । देवाश्च वृष्टौ सत्यामाग्रयणादौ हविष्प्रदानेन जानन्ति । देवानां वृष्टिसंपूर्तिपरिज्ञानमाश्वलायनेनोक्तम्- यदा वर्षस्य तृप्तः स्यादथाग्रयणेन यजेत ’ इत्युपक्रम्य ‘ अपि हि देवा आहुस्तृप्तो नूनं वर्षस्याग्रयणेन हि यजते ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. २. ९) इति ॥

English translation:

“Like birds (that fly) in rows they pass along in their strength above the vast summit (of the sky) to the ends of the firmament; their horses have caused the waters of the cloud to descend, as both (gods and mortals) know.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Both gods and mortals: the text has only ubhaye yathā viduḥ, as both know; men of course know by perception the setting in of the rains; the gods know it by the agrayāna and other sacrifices which are offered at that season

They who, like birds in formation, have flown with their strength to the ends of heaven from (heaven’s) lofty back—
their horses, as both (races [=human and divine]) know, have stirred forth the spurting (waters) of the mountain.

This vs. contains several syntactic ambiguities of not much moment. The rel.

prn. yé in the 1st hemistich can in principle be picked up either áśvāsaḥ ‘horses’ or eṣām ‘of them [=Maruts]’, and in fact either the horses or the Maruts could easily be compared to birds. I don’t see any way to decide, though it’s true that the default ref.

of any masc. pl. in a Marut hymn is the Maruts.

In b bṛhatáḥ can in principle be acc. pl., gen. sg., or abl. sg., so that it could technically modify any of the three nouns in that pāda: acc. pl. ántān, gen. sg. diváḥ, or abl. sg. sā́nunaḥ, and it is found with both diváḥ and snóḥ (alt. form of sā́nunaḥ) elsewhere. With the standard tr., I take it with ‘back’. Flg. Geldner and Renou, I assume that the ‘back’ is heaven’s – and in fact the gen. diváḥ could be read both with ántān and with sā́nunaḥ, between which it is positioned. Witzel Gotō suggest rather that it’s the back of the earth, namely the mountains, and this is worth considering. If they’re coming from the mountain, it may explain why/how they have stirred the nabhanú- of the mountain. Still, the clear phrase diváḥ … sā́nu in the next hymn (V.60.3b) favors ‘heaven’.

On nabhanú- see comm. ad IV.19.7.

Like birds of air they flew with might in lengthened lines from heaven’s high ridges to the borders of the sky.
The steeds who carry them, as Gods and mortals know, have caused the waters of the mounuains to desGend.

Die wie Vogelketten ungestüm flogen von dem hohen Himmelsrücken bis zu den Grenzen des Himmels; ihre Rosse haben, wie beide Teile wissen, die Wildwasser des Berges hervorsprudeln lassen.

Die kräftig flogen gleich gereihter Vögel Schar, zum Himmelssaum hoch über seine Wölbung hin; Der Maruts Rosse, wie den beiden Stämmen kund, sie schüttelten des Wolkenberges Quellen aus.

(Те,) что, словно птицы, мощно летают рядами к границам
Неба с высокой (его) вершины, –
Кони их, как будто знают оба (рода) –
Колыхали источники горы.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• जगती
• निषादः

फिर शिक्षाविषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ये) जो (ओजसा) पराक्रम से (वयः) पक्षियों के (न) सदृश (श्रेणीः) पङ्क्तियों को (पप्तुः) प्राप्त होते और (बृहतः) बड़े (सानुनः) शिखर के समान (अन्तान्) समीप में वर्त्तमान (दिवः) व्यवहार करनेवालों को (परि) सब ओर से प्राप्त होते हैं (एषाम्) इनके जो (उभये) दो प्रकार के (अश्वासः) शीघ्र चलनेवाले पदार्थ हैं, उनको (यथा) जिस प्रकार से (विदुः) जानते हैं और (पर्वतस्य) मेघ के (नभनून्) समूहों को (प्र, अचुच्यवुः) अत्यन्त वर्षावें, वे संसार के आधार होते हैं ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जैसे पक्षी पङ्क्तिबद्ध हुए शीघ्र जाते हैं, वैसे ही उत्तम प्रकार शिक्षायुक्त नौकर और घोड़े आदि वाहन तीनों मार्गों में शीघ्र जाते हैं ॥७॥

अन्वय: य ओजसा वयो न श्रेणीः पप्तुर्बृहतः सानुनोऽन्तान् दिवः परि पप्तुरेषां य उभयेऽश्वासः सन्ति तान् यथा विदुः पर्वतस्य नभनून् प्राचुच्यवुस्ते जगदाधाराः सन्ति ॥७॥

पुनः शिक्षाविषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वयः) पक्षिणः (न) इव (ये) (श्रेणीः) पङ्क्तीः (पप्तुः) प्राप्नुवन्ति (ओजसा) पराक्रमेण (अन्तान्) समीपस्थान् (दिवः) व्यवहर्तॄन् (बृहतः) (सानुनः) शिखरस्येव (परि) (अश्वासः) सद्योगामिनः (एषाम्) (उभये) (यथा) (विदुः) जानन्ति (प्र) (पर्वतस्य) मेघस्य (नभनून्) धनान् (अचुच्यवुः) च्यावयेयुः ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। यथा पक्षिणः श्रेणीभूताः सद्यो गच्छन्ति तथैव सुशिक्षिता भृत्या अश्वादयो यानानि त्रिषु मार्गेषु सद्यो गच्छन्ति ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जसे पक्षी ओळीने तात्काळ उडतात. तसेच उत्तम प्रकारे शिक्षित सेवक व घोडे इत्यादी वाहने ताबडतोब तीन मार्गांनी जातात. ॥ ७ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

मि᳓मातु द्यउ᳓र् अ᳓दितिर् वीत᳓ये नः
सं᳓ दा᳓नुचित्रा उष᳓सो यतन्ताम्
आ᳓चुच्यवुर् दिवियं᳓ को᳓शम् एत᳓
ऋ᳓षे रुद्र᳓स्य मरु᳓तो गृणानाः᳓

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áditiḥ ← áditi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

dyaúḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mímātu ← √mā- 2 ~ mī- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

vītáye ← vītí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

dā́nucitrāḥ ← dā́nucitra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

sám ← sám (invariable)

uṣásaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

yatantām ← √yat- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

acucyavuḥ ← √cyu- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

divyám ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

eté ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

kóśam ← kóśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gr̥ṇānā́ḥ ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

marútaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ŕ̥ṣe ← ŕ̥ṣi- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

rudrásya ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

मिमा॑तु । द्यौः । अदि॑तिः । वी॒तये॑ । नः॒ । सम् । दानु॑ऽचित्राः । उ॒षसः॑ । य॒त॒न्ता॒म् ।
आ । अ॒चु॒च्य॒वुः॒ । दि॒व्यम् । कोश॑म् । ए॒ते । ऋषे॑ । रु॒द्रस्य॑ । म॒रुतः॑ । गृ॒णा॒नाः ॥

• mimātu ← mā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “moo; howl.”

• dyaur ← dyauḥ ← div
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• aditir ← aditiḥ ← aditi
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Aditi; aditi [word].”

• vītaye ← vī
• [verb noun]
• “approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• dānucitrā ← dānu
• [noun], neuter
• “Dānu; dew; drop.”

• dānucitrā ← citrāḥ ← citra
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• uṣaso ← uṣasaḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• yatantām ← yat
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “strive; endeavor; join; equal; rival.”

• ācucyavur ← ācucyavuḥ ← ācyu ← √cyu
• [verb], plural, Plusquamperfect

• divyaṃ ← divyam ← divya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• kośam ← kośa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “treasury; sheath; Kośa; scrotum; bud; vessel; kośa [word]; treasure; calyx; container; bucket; box.”

• eta ← ete ← etad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• ṛṣe ← ṛṣi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Ṛṣi; spiritual teacher; ascetic; Mantra.”

• rudrasya ← rudra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• gṛṇānāḥ ← gṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “praise.”

नः अस्मदर्थं द्यौः अन्तरिक्षं मिमातु निर्मिमातु वृष्टिम् । तदनुकूलं करोत्वित्यर्थः । कीदृशी। अदितिः अदीना । यद्वा । द्यौर्मिमात्वदितिर्भूमिश्च मिमातु सुखम् । किमर्थम् । वीतये उत्पत्तये प्रजननाय वा । दानुचित्राः विचित्रप्रकाशादिदानाः उषसः सं यतन्ताम् । हे ऋषे त्वया गृणानाः स्तूयमानाः मरुतः रुद्रस्य । पुत्रा इति शेषः । एते दिव्यं कोशं मेघमुदकम् आचुच्यवुः आच्यावयन्ति ॥ द्विकर्मकोऽयम् ॥ ॥ २४ ॥

English translation:

“May the heaven and the earth yield (rain) for our sustenance; may the wonderfully bounteous dawns exert themselves (for our good); may these sons of Rudra, lauded, Ṛṣi, (by you), send down the celestial rain.”

Let heaven bellow, let Aditi (come) to pursue our (oblations). Let the dawns, bright with drops, take their places together.
These have stirred the heavenly bucket hither—o seer—the Maruts, (sons) of Rudra, being hymned.

The second clause of pāda a, áditir vītáye naḥ, is underspecified and has been variously interpr. Since vītáye is frequently used in stereotyped passages of gods ‘pursuing’ the oblation, often with a verb of motion, I supply this context here. For parallels, cf., e.g., VIII.20.10 havyā́no vītáye gata.

The nom. pl. demon. eté is pāda-final, which seems an odd position for such a pronoun. But a glance at Lubotsky’s Concordance shows that eté is found in just that place fairly commonly – e.g., in the next hymn, V.60.5a.

May Dyaus, the Infinite, roar for our banquet: may Dawns toil for us, glittering with moisture.
Lauded by thee, these Maruts, Sons o Rudra, O Rsi, have sent down the heavenly treasure.

Der Himmel soll brüllen, die Aditi soll uns gut aufnehmen; die Morgenröten mit ansehnlichen Gaben sollen gleichen Schritt halten. Diese Marut haben den himmlischen Eimer aufgezogen, o Rishi, die Söhne des Rudra, die Gepriesenen.

Der weite Himmel spende uns zum Mahle, die Morgenröthen ziehen thauerglänzend; Des Himmels Eimer haben uns ergossen des Rudra Maruts, holdgesinnt, o Sänger.

Пусть взревет небо! (Пусть) Адити (будет) милостива к нам!
Пусть утренние зори с ярким дарами соблюдают череду (для нас)!
Выплеснули небесную бадью эти
Маруты, (сыновья) Рудры, о риши, воспетые (нами).

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (ऋषे) विद्या के देनेवाले ! जैसे (अदितिः) माता वा (द्यौः) प्रकाश के सदृश (वीतये) विज्ञान आदि की प्राप्ति के लिये (नः) हम लोगों का (मिमातु) आदर करे, वैसे आप आदर करिये जैसे (दानुचित्राः) अद्भुत दान जिनमें ऐसी (उषसः) प्रातर्वेलायें व्यवहारों को सिद्ध कराती हैं वा जैसे (एते) ये (रुद्रस्य) अन्यायकारियों को रुलानेवाले (दिव्यम्) कामना में श्रेष्ठ (कोशम्) धन के स्थान को (आ, अचुच्यवुः) प्राप्त होवें वैसे (गृणानाः) स्तुति करते हुए (मरुतः) मनुष्य (सम्) उत्तम प्रकार (यतन्ताम्) प्रयत्न करें ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जो जन बिजुली, प्रातःकाल और ऋषि के सदृश धन के कोश को इकट्ठा करते हैं, वे प्रतिष्ठित होते हैं ॥८॥ इस सूक्त में पवन और बिजुली के गुण वर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इस से पूर्व सूक्तार्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह उनसठवाँ सूक्त और चौबीसवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे ऋषे ! यथाऽदितिर्द्यौर्वीतये नो मिमातु तथा त्वमस्मान् मिमीहि। यथा दानुचित्रा उषसो व्यवहारान् निर्म्मापयन्ति यथैत रुद्रस्य दिव्यं कोशमाचुच्यवुस्तथा गृणाना मरुतः सं यतन्ताम् ॥८॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मिमातु) (द्यौः) प्रकाश इव (अदितिः) मातेव (वीतये) विज्ञानादिप्राप्तये (नः) अस्मान् (सम्) सम्यक् (दानुचित्राः) चित्रा अद्भुता दानवो दानानि यासु ताः (उषसः) प्रभातवेलाः (यतन्ताम्) (आ, अचुच्यवुः) आगच्छन्तु (दिव्यम्) दिवि कामनायां साधुम् (कोशम्) धनालयम् (एते) (ऋषे) विद्याप्रद (रुद्रस्य) अन्यायकारिणो रोदयितुः (मरुतः) मनुष्याः (गृणानाः) स्तुवन्तः ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः। वे विद्युद्वदुषर्वदृषिवद्धनकोशं सञ्चिन्वन्ति ते प्रतिष्ठिता भवन्ति ॥८॥ अत्र वायुविद्युद्गुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इत्येकोनषष्टितमं सूक्तं चतुर्विंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जे लोक विद्युत, उषा व ऋषी यांच्याप्रमाणे (प्रकाश, व्यवहार, ज्ञान) धनाचा कोश संग्रहित करतात ते प्रतिष्ठित होतात. ॥ ८ ॥