०५६

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

अ᳓ग्ने श᳓र्धन्तम् आ᳓ गण᳓म्
पिष्टं᳓ रुक्मे᳓भिर् अञ्जि᳓भिः
वि᳓शो अद्य᳓ मरु᳓ता᳐म् अ᳓व ह्वये
दिव᳓श् चिद् रोचना᳓द् अ᳓धि

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

gaṇám ← gaṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śárdhantam ← √śardh- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

añjíbhiḥ ← añjí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

piṣṭám ← √piś- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

rukmébhiḥ ← rukmá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

adyá ← adyá (invariable)

áva ← áva (invariable)

hvaye ← √hvā- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

marútām ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

víśaḥ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

cit ← cit (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

rocanā́t ← rocaná- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

अग्ने॑ । शर्ध॑न्तम् । आ । ग॒णम् । पि॒ष्टम् । रु॒क्मेभिः॑ । अ॒ञ्जिऽभिः॑ ।
विशः॑ । अ॒द्य । म॒रुता॑म् । अव॑ । ह्व॒ये॒ । दि॒वः । चि॒त् । रो॒च॒नात् । अधि॑ ॥

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• śardhantam ← śṛdh
• [verb noun], accusative, singular

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• gaṇam ← gaṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “group; varga; troop; troop; battalion; flock; herd; gaṇa [word]; corporation; gaṇa; herd; sect; swarm; set; party; gaṇa; series; Ganesa; flight.”

• piṣṭaṃ ← piṣṭam ← piṣ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “grind; knead; paste; crush; press out.”

• rukmebhir ← rukmebhiḥ ← rukma
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “gold; svarṇamākṣika.”

• añjibhiḥ ← añji
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “color; ointment; adornment.”

• viśo ← viśaḥ ← viś
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• adya
• [adverb]
• “now; today; then; nowadays; adya [word].”

• marutām ← marut
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ava ← av
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• hvaye ← hvā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• divaś ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• rocanād ← rocanāt ← rocana
• [noun], ablative, singular, neuter
• “light; celestial sphere.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

हे अग्ने शर्धन्तं शत्रूनभिभवन्तं यज्ञायोत्सहमानं वा गणं मरुतां गणम् आ ह्वयेति शेषः । कीदृशं गणम् । रुक्मेभिः रुक्मैः रोचमानैः अञ्जिभिः आभरणैश्च पिष्टम् अवयवितं युक्तमित्यर्थः । अद्य अस्मिन् यागदिने मरुतां विशः प्रजाः । गणानित्यर्थः । तान् रोचनात् रोचमानात् दिवः द्युलोकात्। अधि इति पञ्चम्यर्थानुवादी। चित् पूरणः। अव अवस्तादस्मदभिमुखं ह्वये आह्वयामि ॥

English translation:

“I invoke, Agni, the victorious company (of the Maruts) decorated with brilliant ornaments; (I invoke them), the people of the Maruts, to descend today from above the shining heaven.”

O Agni—the vaunting flock, emblazoned with brilliants, with unguents, the clans of the Maruts I call down here today, even from the luminous realm of heaven.

Geldner (/Witzel Gotō) supply “bring,” an impv. addressed to Agni, in the first hemistich.

There seems no particularly reason to do so, since the acc. phrase of ab can be construed with áva hvaye in c. Perhaps it’s on the basis of the ā́in pāda a, but this is in the wrong position to be a gapped preverb. I don’t actually know what ā́is doing, but note that in the ring-compositional expressions in vss. 8-9, the ‘call’ verb is construed with ā́.

AGNI, that valorous company adorned with ornaments of gold,
The people of the Maruts, I call down to-day even from the luminous realm of heaven.

Agni! Bring die kraftbewußte Schar, die mit Goldmünzen, mit Zierraten geputzte her! Ich rufe heute die Clane der Marut sogar vom Lichtraum des Himmels herab.

O Agni, jene kühne Schar, geziert mit Gold und reichem Schmuck, Der Maruts Stämme ruf’ ich heute mir herab auch von des Himmels lichtem Raum.

О Агни, (пригласи) дерзающую толпу,
Украшенную золотыми пластинками!
Сегодня я зову племена Марутов
С(пуститься) даже со светлого пространства неба.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

विद्वानों के उपदेश से मनुष्य और वायु के गुणों को जानकर फिर मनुष्य क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अग्ने) विद्वन् ! जैसे मैं (रुक्मेभिः) प्रकाशमान सुवर्ण आदि वा (अञ्जिभिः) सुन्दर पदार्थों से (मरुताम्) मनुष्यों के (पिष्टम्) अवयवीभूत (शर्धन्तम्) बलवान् (गणम्) समूह को (आ) सब ओर से (ह्वये) पुकारता हूँ और (अद्य) आज (दिवः) प्रकाशमान (रोचनात्) प्रीति के विषय से (चित्) भी (विशः) मनुष्यों को (अधि) ऊपर के भाव में (अव) अत्यन्त पुकारता हूँ, वैसे आप भी आचरण करिये ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है । जो मनुष्य वायु और मनुष्यों के गुणों को जानते हैं, वे सत्कार करनेवाले होते हैं ॥१॥

अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! यथाऽहं रुक्मेभिरञ्जिभिर्मरुतां पिष्टं शर्धन्तं गणमाह्वयेऽद्य दिवो रोचनाच्चिद्विशोऽध्यव ह्वये तथा त्वमप्याचर ॥१॥

अथ विद्वदुपदेशेन मनुष्यगुणान् वायुगुणान् विदित्वा पुनर्मनुष्याः किं कुर्युरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्ने) विद्वन् (शर्धन्तम्) बलवन्तम् (आ) समन्तात् (गणम्) समूहम् (पिष्टम्) अवयवीभूतम् (रुक्मेभिः) रोचमानैः सुवर्णादिभिर्वा (अञ्जिभिः) कमनीयैः (विशः) (अद्य) (मरुताम्) मनुष्याणाम् (अव) (ह्वये) शब्दयेयम् (दिवः) प्रकाशमानात् (चित्) अपि (रोचनात्) रुचिविषयात् (अधि) उपरिभावे ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपालङ्कारः। ये पुरुषा वायूनां मनुष्याणाञ्च गुणान् जानन्ति ते सत्कर्त्तारो भवन्ति ॥१॥

या सूक्तात विद्वान व वायूच्या गुणाचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्वसूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जी माणसे वायू व माणसांच्या गुणांना जाणतात ती सत्कार करण्यायोग्य असतात. ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

य᳓था चिन् म᳓न्यसे हृदा᳓
त᳓द् इ᳓न् मे जग्मुर् आश᳓सः
ये᳓ ते ने᳓दिष्ठं ह᳓वनानि आग᳓मन्
ता᳓न् वर्ध भीम᳓संदृशः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
cit ← cit (invariable)

hr̥dā́ ← hā́rdi ~ hr̥d- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

mányase ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yáthā ← yáthā (invariable)

āśásaḥ ← āśás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ít ← ít (invariable)

jagmuḥ ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

me ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

āgáman ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

hávanāni ← hávana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

nédiṣṭham ← nédiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

bhīmásaṁdr̥śaḥ ← bhīmásaṁdr̥ś- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

tā́n ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

vardha ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

यथा॑ । चि॒त् । मन्य॑से । हृ॒दा । तत् । इत् । मे॒ । ज॒ग्मुः॒ । आ॒ऽशसः॑ ।
ये । ते॒ । नेदि॑ष्ठम् । हव॑नानि । आ॒ऽगम॑न् । तान् । व॒र्ध॒ । भी॒मऽस॑न्दृशः ॥

• yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

• cin ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• manyase ← man
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”

• hṛdā ← hṛd
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “heart; heart; mind; breast; hṛd [word].”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• in ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• me ← mad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “I; mine.”

• jagmur ← jagmuḥ ← gam
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• āśasaḥ ← āśas
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• nediṣṭhaṃ ← nediṣṭham ← nediṣṭha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “following.”

• havanāny ← havanāni ← havana
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “invocation.”

• āgaman ← āgam ← √gam
• [verb], plural, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
• “come; arrive; return; enter (a state); approach; travel; enter; inherit; hand down; achieve; reach; appear; happen.”

• tān ← tad
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vardha ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• bhīmasaṃdṛśaḥ ← bhīma
• [noun]
• “awful; amazing; terrific; enormous; bhīma [word]; fearful.”

• bhīmasaṃdṛśaḥ ← saṃdṛśaḥ ← saṃdṛś
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “appearance; view; view.”

हे अग्ने त्वं हृदा हृदयेन मरुतः यथा चिन्मन्यसे । चिदिति पूजायाम् । येन प्रकारेण अतिपूजितं जानासि । तेष्वादरं करोषीत्यर्थः । तदित् तथैव मे मदर्थं जग्मुः गच्छन्तु आशसः आशंसितार इच्छन्तः शत्रून् हिंसन्तो वा । अनन्तरं ये मरुतः नेदिष्ठम् अत्यन्तान्तिकं संनिधावेव ते तव हवनानि आह्वानानि श्रुत्वा आगमन् आगच्छन्ति तान् भीमसंदृशः कालविलम्बासहनेन भयंकरदर्शनान् वर्ध वर्धय हविष्प्रापणेन ॥

English translation:

“In whatever manner you honour the (Maruts, Agni) in your heart, may they come to me as benefactors; gratify, (by oblations), those fierce-looking Maruts, who most promptly come to your invocations.”

Just as you [=Agni? poet?] conceive with your heart, in the same way my hopes have gone.
Those who will come closest to your calls, strengthen them of fearsome appearance.

The question in this vs. is who is the 2nd sg. referent of mányase (a), te (c), and vardha (d). Acdg. to Sāyaṇa. it is still Agni, but Geldner suggests alternatively that it could be the self-address of the poet, a view shared by Renou (Witzel Gotō think Agni, but with a very peculiar tr. of pāda a). I think poetic self-address is excluded because of the me in b: the poet is unlikely to refer to himself as “you (sg.)” and “me” in successive pādas (and then back to “you”), so Agni is the more likely. The point must be that both Agni and the poet want the same thing – for the Maruts to come to the sacrifice.

The identification of you as Agni requires that he possess/produce hávana- ‘calls’ in c. This can refer to the crackling of the fire. Alternatively, flg. Grassmann, hávana- could belong to √hu and mean ‘oblations’, but pace Grassmann none of the occurrences he adduces need to have that meaning.

Even as thou thinkest in thy heart, thither my wishes also tend.
Those who have come most near to thine invoking calls, strengthen them fearful to behold.

Gerade wie du im Herzen meinst, darauf gehen meine Wünsche aus: Erbaue sie, die furchtbar anzusehen, die auf deinen Anruf in nächster Nähe herankommen werden.

Wie du auch meinst in deinem Sinn, so drangen meine Wünsche vor; Die nahe kamen hier zu deinem Opferwerk, die furchtbar aussehn, stärke du.

Именно как ты думаешь в сердце (своем),
На это и направлены мои желания:
Чтобы они пришли в ближайшем (будущем) на твои призывы,
Укрепляй этих страшных на вид (богов)!

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्य ! (ये) जो (ते) आपके लिये (नेदिष्ठम्) अत्यन्त सामीप्य को (आशसः) कहनेवाले (जग्मुः) प्राप्त होते हैं (तान्) उनकी आप (वर्ध) वृद्धि करिये और (यथा, चित्) जिसी प्रकार से आप (हृदा) हृदय से (मे) मेरे लिये (तत्) उसको (मन्यसे) मानते हो, उस प्रकार (हवनानि) देने-लेने योग्य वस्तुयें (आगमन्) प्राप्त होवें और (भीमसन्दृशः) भयङ्कर दर्शन जिनका वे (इत्) ही प्राप्त होते हैं ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । मनुष्य लोग परस्पर के उपकार से सुखी हों ॥२॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्य ! ये ते नेदिष्ठमाशसो जग्मुस्ताँस्त्वं वर्ध। यथा चित् त्वं हृदा मे तन्मन्यसे तथा हवनान्यागमन्। भीमसन्दृश इज्जग्मुः ॥२॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यथा) येन प्रकारेण (चित्) अपि (मन्यसे) (हृदा) हृदयेन (तत्) (इत्) एव (मे) मह्यम् (जग्मुः) प्राप्नुवन्ति (आशसः) ये आशंसन्ति ते (ये) (ते) तुभ्यम् (नेदिष्ठम्) अतिशयेनान्तिकम् (हवनानि) दातुं ग्रहीतुं योग्यानि वस्तूनि (आगमन्) आगच्छन्तु (तान्) (वर्ध) वर्धय (भीमसन्दृशः) भीमं भयङ्करं सन् दृग्दर्शनं येषान्ते ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । मनुष्याः परस्परस्योपकारेण सुखिनो भवन्तु ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. माणसांनी परस्पर उपकार करून सुखी व्हावे. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

मीळ्हु᳓ष्मतीव पृथिवी᳓ प᳓राहता
म᳓दन्ति एति अस्म᳓द् आ᳓
ऋ᳓क्षो न᳓ वो मरुतः शि᳓मीवाँ अ᳓मो
दुध्रो᳓ गउ᳓र् इव भीमयुः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
iva ← iva (invariable)

mīḷhúṣmatī ← mīḷhúṣmant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

párāhatā ← √han- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

pr̥thivī́ ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

asmát ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ABL, number:PL}

eti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mádantī ← √mad- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ámaḥ ← áma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ŕ̥kṣaḥ ← ŕ̥kṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śímīvān ← śímīvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

bhīmayúḥ ← bhīmayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dudhráḥ ← dudhrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

gaúḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

मी॒ळ्हुष्म॑तीऽइव । पृ॒थि॒वी । परा॑ऽहता । मद॑न्ती । ए॒ति॒ । अ॒स्मत् । आ ।
ऋक्षः॑ । न । वः॒ । म॒रु॒तः॒ । शिमी॑ऽवान् । अमः॑ । दु॒ध्रः । गौःऽइ॑व । भी॒म॒ऽयुः ॥

• mīﾱhuṣmatīva ← mīﾱhuṣmatī ← mīḍhuṣmat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• mīﾱhuṣmatīva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• pṛthivī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• parāhatā ← parāhan ← √han
• [verb noun], nominative, singular

• madanty ← madantī ← mad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

• ety ← eti ← i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• asmad ← asmat ← mad
• [noun], ablative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• ṛkṣo ← ṛkṣaḥ ← ṛkṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bear; monkey; ṛkṣa; Ṛkṣa; Tree of Damocles.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• śimīvāṃ ← śimīvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mighty.”

• amo ← amaḥ ← ama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “am; panic; power; ferocity.”

• dudhro ← dudhraḥ ← dudhra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “obstinate.”

• gaur ← gauḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• bhīmayuḥ ← bhīmayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “awful.”

मीळ्हुष्मती प्रबलस्वामिका पराहता अन्यैरभिभूता पृथिवी इव । अत्र पृथिवीशब्दः तदधिष्ठितां प्रजां लक्षयति । स यथा स्वस्वामिनमुपद्रुताभिगच्छति तद्वदिति । मरुतां साकल्येन सर्वथा प्राप्तेर्दृष्टान्तः । एवं मदन्ती हृष्यन्ती मरुत्सेना अस्मत् अस्मानित्यर्थः। आ एति आगच्छति । हे मरुतः वः युष्माकम् अमः बलं गणः ऋक्षो न अग्निरिव शिमीवान् कर्मवान् दुध्रः दुर्धरः गौरिव भीमयुः भीमैर्वृषभैः युक्तः गौरिव । स यथा शिमीवान् कर्मवान् ॥

English translation:

“As the (people of the) earth having a powerful lord have recourse to him when oppressed (by others), so comes (the host of the Maruts) exulting to us; your company, Maruts, active as fire, is as difficult to be resisted as a formidable ox.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

As the people of the earth: mīḷhuṣmatīva pṛthivī parāhatā = prabalasvāmikā pṛthivī parairanyair abhibhūtā, the earth having a powerful master when oppresse dby others; earth connotes its inhabitants, prajā, people or subjects, who, when oppressed, have recourse to their own ruler, ss yathā svasvāminam upadruta abhigacchati

Like (a woman) with a generous (lover), Earth, beaten aside (by your onslaught) [/sexually penetrated], being ecstatic, (seems to) recede
from us.
Like a bear is your strenuous onslaught, o Maruts, fearsome like a
headstrong ox.

The gender politics of this vs. would not bear modern scrutiny: the idea seems to be that the Earth enjoys rough sex because she gets nice presents. But it is a powerful image.

The poss. adj. mīḷhúṣmant- occurs twice in the RV; the other form is found in VI.50.12, where it is masc. and seems barely distinct from mīḷhvás- ‘giving rewards, generous’. Here in this fem. form the possessive value of -mant- does have force, assuming the correctness of Geldner’s and Renou’s interpr. as ‘possessing a generous (man/lord/spouse)’. Witzel Gotō take it rather as ‘Soldatenbraut’, interpr. mīḷhvás- as ‘one who has mīḷhá-’ (booty, etc) and further suggesting that the woman in question was part of the spoils of war. This is appealing in some ways, but it does not fit well with the last word of the hymn, mīḷhuṣī́.

As Geldner points out (n. 3a), párāhatā may have two senses – simply ‘beaten aside’ by the onslaught of the Maruts and ‘(sexually) penetrated’, for which sense he cites ŚB XI.5.1.1 vaitaséna daṇḍéna hatāt [sic, not Geldner’s hatā], the ŚB paraphrase of Urvaśī’s … mā … śnathayo vaitaséna (X.95.5) “you pierced me with your rod.”

Earth, like a bounteous lady, liberal of her gifts, struck down and shaken, yet exultant, comes to us.
Impetuous as a bear, O Maruts, is youi rush terrible as a dreadful bull..

Gestoßen wie die Frau, die einen freigebigen Herrn hat, geht die Erde liebestrunken von uns weg. Euer Andrang, ihr Marut, ist wütig wie ein Bär, furchtbar wie ein störriger Stier.

Wie Frucht gewährt die Erde, wenn sie umgepflügt, so kommt die frohe Schar zu uns; Eur Andrang, Maruts, ist gewaltig wie ein Bär, und tobend wie ein grimmer Stier.

Словно щедрая (женщина), земля, атакованная (Марутами),
Уходит от нас, опьяненная.
Ваш натиск, о Маруты, мощный, как медведь,
Страшный, как строптивый бык.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृद्बृहती
• मध्यमः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मरुतः) मनुष्यो ! जैसे (वः) आप लोगों को (पृथिवी) भूमि (मीळ्हुष्मतीव) वीर्य्य का देनेवाला सुन्दर स्वामी जिसका उसके समान (अस्मत्) हम लोगों से (पराहता) दूर को प्राप्त (मदन्ती) प्रसन्न होती हुई वर्त्तमान है, उसको (शिमीवान्) अच्छे कर्म्मोंवाला (ऋक्षः) पशुविशेष के (न) समान (आ, एति) प्राप्त होता तथा (गौरिव) सूर्य्य के सदृश (भीमयुः) भयङ्कर युद्ध करनेवाले को प्राप्त होनेवाला (दुध्रः) दुःख से धारण करने योग्य पुरुष (अमः) गृह को प्राप्त होता है, वैसे आप लोग भी आचरण करो ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । जो प्रयत्न करते हुए कर्म्मों को करते हैं, वे सदा सुखी होते हैं ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे मरुतो ! यथाः वः पृथिवी मीळ्हुष्मतीवास्मत् पराहता मदन्ती वर्त्तते तां शिमीवानृक्षो नैति गौरिव भीमयुर्दुध्रोऽम एति तथा यूयमप्याचरत ॥३॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मीळ्हुष्मतीव) मीढुः सेक्ता वीर्यप्रदः प्रशस्तः पतिर्विद्यते यस्यास्तत् (पृथिवी) भूमिः (पराहता) दूरं प्राप्ता (मदन्ती) हर्षन्ती (एति) प्राप्नोति (अस्मत्) (आ) (ऋक्षः) पशुविशेषः (न) इव (वः) युष्मान् (मरुतः) मनुष्याः (शिमीवान्) प्रशस्तकर्मवान् (अमः) गृहम् (दुध्रः) दुःखेन धर्त्तुं योग्यः (गौरिव) आदित्य इव (भीमयुः) यो भीमं भयङ्करं योद्धारं याति सः ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । ये यतमानाः कर्माणि कुर्वन्ति ते सदा सुखिनो भवन्ति ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जे प्रयत्नवादी असून कर्म करत असतात ते सदैव सुखी होतात. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

नि᳓ ये᳓ रिण᳓न्ति ओ᳓जसा
वृ᳓था गा᳓वो न᳓ दुर्धु᳓रः
अ᳓श्मानं चित् स्वरि᳓यम् प᳓र्वतं गिरि᳓म्
प्र᳓ च्यावयन्ति या᳓मभिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ní ← ní (invariable)

ójasā ← ójas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

riṇánti ← √rī- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

durdhúraḥ ← durdhúr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)

áśmānam ← áśman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

girím ← girí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

párvatam ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

svaryàm ← svaryà- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

cyāvayanti ← √cyu- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)

yā́mabhiḥ ← yā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

नि । ये । रि॒णन्ति॑ । ओज॑सा । वृथा॑ । गावः॑ । न । दुः॒ऽधुरः॑ ।
अश्मा॑नम् । चि॒त् । स्व॒र्य॑म् । पर्व॑तम् । गि॒रिम् । प्र । च्य॒व॒य॒न्ति॒ । याम॑ऽभिः ॥

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• riṇanty ← riṇanti ← ri
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “free; liberate; run; let go of.”

• ojasā ← ojas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• gāvo ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• durdhuraḥ ← durdhur
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• aśmānaṃ ← aśmānam ← aśman
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “stone; aśmarī; rock; aśman [word]; adri; mineral; piṇḍatālaka; mountain.”

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• svaryam ← svarya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “good for the voice.”

• parvataṃ ← parvatam ← parvata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

• girim ← giri
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; adri; rock; giri [word]; hill; śilājatu.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• cyāvayanti ← cyāvay ← √cyu
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “chase away; remove; move.”

• yāmabhiḥ ← yāman
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “expedition; path; expedition; arrival.”

ये मरुतः ओजसा स्वीयेन बलेन नि रिणन्ति हिंसन्ति शत्रून् वृथा अनायासेन स्वसंचारमात्रेण गावो न दुर्धुरः दुःखेन हिंस्या अश्वा इव । ते मरुतः स्वर्यं शब्दयन्तम् अश्मानं व्याप्तं पर्वतं जगत्पूरकोदकवन्तम् । पर्ववान्पर्वतः पर्व पुनः पृणातेः प्रीणतेर्वा ’ ( निरु. १. २० ) इति निरुक्तम् । तादृशं गिरिं मेघम् । यद्वा । पर्वतमिति विशेष्यं गिरिमिति विशेषणम् निगिरत्युदकमिति गिरिः । तं यामभिः गमनैः प्र च्यावयन्ति उदकनिर्गमनार्थम् ॥

English translation:

“They who with ease destroy (their foes) by their prowess, like horses difficult to be restrained, they send down by their movements the vast and sounding water-laden cloud.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Like horses: the text has gāvaḥ; the translation is aśvaḥ, horses

Those who liquefy (the trees) with their strength, at will, like oxen averse to the yoke,
even the reverberant stone, the mountain, the peak do they shake on their journeys.

ní √ri means ‘make flow’, hence ‘liquefy, dissolve’. In I.127.4 the very similar sthirā́cid ánnā ní riṇāti ójasā has ‘sturdy foods’ as obj., but since Agni is the subject, the food is presumably wood of some sort. In nearby V.58.6 a middle intrans.

of √ri (though without preverb) takes trees as subj.: riṇaté vánāni “the trees dissolve.” I therefore supply them as obj. here.

What then does the simile in b have to do with this? Even unruly oxen are unlikely to dissolve trees. Because the images don’t easily harmonize, I now think that the simile in b should go with the 2nd hemistich: unruly oxen can cause the ground to shake. This is somewhat difficult to convey in tr. – I might rearrange it to “like oxen averse to the yoke / they shake …” The phrase gā́vaḥ … durdhúraḥ echoes dudhró gaúḥ of 3d phonologically, even though the adjectives are entirely unrelated.

As often Geldner takes cid in c as a simile marker, a function for which there is no good evidence.

They who with mighty strength o’erthrow like oxen difficult to yoke,
Cause e’en the heavenly stone to shake ’ yea, shake the rocky mountain as they race along.

Die gewaltsam niederreißen, nach Willkür wie jochscheue Stiere. Wie einen sausenden Stein bringen sie durch ihre Fahrten den felsigen Berg in Bewegung.

Die niederstürmen mit Gewalt, wie ungezähmte Stiere wild; Des Himmels Felsen auch und den gewalt’gen Berg erschüttern sie durch ihren Gang.

(Те), что силой разрушают,
Играючи, словно быки, непослушные у дышла:
Даже звучную скалу, холм, гору
Они сотрясают (своими) походами.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृद्बृहती
• मध्यमः

फिर विद्वानों के विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ये) जो मनुष्य (ओजसा) पराक्रम से (नि, रिणन्ति) प्राप्त होते हैं (चित्) और जो (यामभिः) प्रहरों से (स्वर्यम्) शब्दों में श्रेष्ठ (पर्वतम्) पर्वत के सदृश ऊँचे (गिरिम्) शब्द करानेवाले (अश्मानम्) मेघ को (दुर्धुरः) दूरगत हैं धुरा जिनकी उनके (न) समान (प्र, च्यावयन्ति) गिराते हैं और (वृथा) व्यर्थ निज अर्थ के विना (गावः) गौओं के सदृश होते हैं, वे सब से सत्कार करने योग्य होते हैं ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे सूर्य की किरणें मेघ को नीचे गिराती हैं, वैसे विद्वान् लोग दोषों को दूर करते हैं ॥४॥

अन्वय: ये मनुष्या ओजसा नि रिणन्ति ये चिदपि यामभिः स्वर्यं पर्वतं गिरिमश्मानं दुर्धुरो न प्र च्यावयन्ति वृथा गावो न भवन्ति ते सर्वैः सत्कर्त्तव्या भवन्ति ॥४॥

पुनर्विद्वद्विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (नि) (ये) (रिणन्ति) प्राप्नुवन्ति गच्छन्ति वा (ओजसा) पराक्रमेण (वृथा) (गावः) (न) इव (दुर्धुरः) दुर्गता धुरो येषान्ते (अश्मानम्) मेघम् (चित्) अपि (स्वर्यम्) स्वरेषु शब्देषु साधुम् (पर्वतम्) पर्वतमिवोच्छ्रितं (गिरिम्) यो गृणाति शब्दयति तम् (प्र) (च्यावयन्ति) निपातयन्ति (यामभिः) प्रहरैः ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । हे मनुष्या ! यथा सूर्यकिरणाः मेघमधः पातयन्ति तथा विद्वांसो दोषन्निपातयन्ति ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जशी सूर्यकिरणे मेघांना खाली पाडतात तसे विद्वान लोक दोष नष्ट करतात. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

उ᳓त् तिष्ठ नून᳓म् एषां᳐
स्तो᳓मैः स᳓मुक्षिताना᳐म्
मरु᳓ता᳐म् पुरुत᳓मम् अ᳓पूर्वियं
ग᳓वां स᳓र्गम् इव ह्वये

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

nūnám ← nūnám (invariable)

tiṣṭha ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

út ← út (invariable)

sámukṣitānām ← √ukṣ- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

stómaiḥ ← stóma- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ápūrvyam ← ápūrvya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

marútām ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

purutámam ← purutáma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gávām ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

hvaye ← √hvā- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iva ← iva (invariable)

sárgam ← sárga- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

उत् । ति॒ष्ठ॒ । नू॒नम् । ए॒षा॒म् । स्तोमैः॑ । सम्ऽउ॑क्षितानाम् ।
म॒रुता॑म् । पु॒रु॒ऽतम॑म् । अपू॑र्व्यम् । गवा॑म् । सर्ग॑म्ऽइव । ह्वये ॥

• ut ← ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• tiṣṭha ← sthā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• nūnam
• [adverb]
• “now; surely; immediately; just.”

• eṣāṃ ← eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• stomaiḥ ← stoma
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

• samukṣitānām ← saṃvakṣ ← √vakṣ
• [verb noun], genitive, plural

• marutām ← marut
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• purutamam ← purutama
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “most(a).”

• apūrvyaṃ ← apūrvyam ← apūrvya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “incomparable.”

• gavāṃ ← gavām ← go
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• sargam ← sarga
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Creation; metempsychosis; discharge; torrent; birth; undertaking.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• hvaye ← hvā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

हे मरुतो यूयम् उत्तिष्ठ उत्तिष्ठत ॥ व्यत्ययेनैकवचनम् ॥ नूनं निश्चयम् एषां स्तोमैः स्तोत्रैः समुक्षितानां वर्धितानां मरुताम् । यद्वा । स्तोमैरुपह्वय इति संबन्धः । तादृशां मरुतां पुरुतमं प्रभूततमम् अपूर्व्यम् । न विद्यते पूर्वः येभ्यस्तमपूर्व्यं सर्गं संघं गवाम् उदकानां प्रसिद्धानां गवां वा सर्गं संघम् इव ह्वये आह्वये ॥ ॥ १९ ॥

English translation:

“Rise up (Maruts); verily by my praises I invoke the mighty and unpreceded (troop) of these exalted (maruts) like a heap of waters.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Gavām sargam iva may also mean, like a herd of cattle

Rise up(, o Agni? poet?)—now with praises for these who have grown strong together.
I call the (flock) of the Maruts, best of many, which no one can
precede—(call the flock) like a swarm of cows.

Geldner takes the impv. út tiṣṭha as another self-address of the poet; again the presence of a 1st ps. sg. in the vs. (hvaye in d) makes that unlikely. I think it is directed rather at Agni, like the direct addresses in vss. 1 and 2. For the same impv.

cf. IV.4.4 úd agne tiṣṭha (sim. VIII.23.5): the ritual fire is blazing up while the Maruts are called to the sacrifice. In this case Agni may be commanded to rise up with praises (stómaiḥ) – praises like his calls in 2c. Alternatively, there may be a clause break after the impv., with a new clause beginning with nūnám and continuing to the end of the vs. (This division was suggested by Natalie Operstein in class in the early 2000s.) The praises will then be those produced by the 1st ps. poet who is the subj. of hvaye at the end of the vs. In b sámukṣita- can hardly be separated from nearby V.55.3 sākám ukṣitā́ḥ, and V.57.8 brhád uk ̥ ṣámāṇāḥ also supports the root etym. to √vakṣ/ukṣ ‘be(come) strong’, against Grassmann’s conection with √ukṣ ‘sprinkle’.

Rise up! even now with lauds I call the very numerous company,
Unequalled, of these Maruts, like a herd of kine, grown up together in their strength.

Erhebe dich jetzt mit deinem Loblied auf sie, die zusammen groß geworden sind. Ich rufe den ersten unter vielen, den noch nie dagewesenen Schwarm der Marut gleich einem Schwarm von Rindern herbei:

Erheb dich nun zu preisen sie, die alle sind zugleich erstarkt, Der Maruts reichsten nie zuvor erhörten Zug, wie den der Heerden ruf ich her.

Поднимайся теперь с прославлениями
Этих выросших вместе (богов)!
(Толпу) Марутов, самую большую, небывалую,
Я зову, словно стада коров.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• विराट्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वान् ! जैसे मैं (गवाम्) गौओं के (सर्गमिव) जल के सदृश (पुरुतमम्) अत्यन्त बहुत (अपूर्व्यम्) अपूर्व में हुए को (ह्वये) पुकारता हूँ वैसे (एषाम्) इन (समुक्षितानाम्) उत्तम प्रकार से सींचनेवाले (मरुताम्) मनुष्यों की (स्तोमैः) प्रशंसाओं से (नूनम्) निश्चय से (उत्, तिष्ठ) ऊपर पहुँचिये ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि सृष्टि के क्रम को जानकर सम्पूर्ण आनन्द को प्राप्त हों ॥५॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वन् ! यथाहं गवां सर्गमिव पुरुतममपूर्व्यं ह्वये तथैषां समुक्षितानां मरुतां स्तोमैर्नूनमुत्तिष्ठ ॥५॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उत्) (तिष्ठ) ऊर्द्ध्वं गच्छ (नूनम्) निश्चयेन (एषाम्) (स्तोमैः) प्रशंसाभिः (समुक्षितानाम्) सम्यक् सेक्तॄणाम् (मरुताम्) मनुष्याणाम् (पुरुतमम्) बहुतमम् (अपूर्व्यम्) अपूर्वे भवम् (गवाम्) धेनूनाम् (सर्गमिव) उदकमिव (ह्वये) ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यैः सृष्टिक्रमं विज्ञाय सर्वानन्द आप्तव्यः ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - माणसांनी सृष्टिक्रम जाणून संपूर्ण आनंद घ्यावा. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

युङ्ग्ध्वं᳓ हि᳓ अ᳓रुषी र᳓थे
युङ्ग्ध्वं᳓ र᳓थेषु रोहि᳓तः
युङ्ग्ध्वं᳓ ह᳓री अजिरा᳓ धुरि᳓ वो᳓ळ्हवे
व᳓हिष्ठा धुरि᳓ वो᳓ळ्हवे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
áruṣī ← áruṣī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

hí ← hí (invariable)

ráthe ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yuṅgdhvám ← √yuj- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rátheṣu ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

rohítaḥ ← rohít- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

yuṅgdhvám ← √yuj- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ajirā́ ← ajirá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

dhurí ← dhúr- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

hárī ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

vóḷhave ← √vah- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yuṅgdhvám ← √yuj- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dhurí ← dhúr- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

váhiṣṭhā ← váhiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

vóḷhave ← √vah- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

यु॒ङ्ग्ध्वम् । हि । अरु॑षीः । रथे॑ । यु॒ङ्ग्ध्वम् । रथे॑षु । रो॒हितः॑ ।
यु॒ङ्ग्ध्वम् । हरी॒ इति॑ । अ॒जि॒रा । धु॒रि । वोळ्ह॑वे । वहि॑ष्ठा । धु॒रि । वोळ्ह॑वे ॥

• yuṅgdhvaṃ ← yuṅgdhvam ← yuj
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• hy ← hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• aruṣī ← aruṣa
• [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
• “red; red.”

• rathe ← ratha
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• yuṅgdhvaṃ ← yuṅgdhvam ← yuj
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• ratheṣu ← ratha
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• rohitaḥ ← rohit
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “red; red.”

• yuṅgdhvaṃ ← yuṅgdhvam ← yuj
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• harī ← hari
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

• ajirā ← ajira
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “fast; agile; ajira [word].”

• dhuri ← dhur
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “yoke; dhur [word].”

• voﾱhave ← vah
• [verb noun]
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• vahiṣṭhā ← vahiṣṭha
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine

• dhuri ← dhur
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “yoke; dhur [word].”

• voﾱhave ← vah
• [verb noun]
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

हे मरुतो यूयं रथे युष्मदीये सर्वेषां साधारणभूते अरुषीः आरोचमाना वडवाः युङ्ग्ध्वं योजयध्वम् । तथा रथेषु युष्मदीयेषु रोहितः रोहितवर्णाः युङ्ग्ध्वं । हरी अश्वौ अजिरा अजिरावाशुगमनौ धुरि वोळहवे वहनाय युङ्ग्ध्वम् । आदरार्थं पुनर्वचनम् । वहिष्ठा वोढ़ृतमौ अश्वौ धुरि वोळ्हवे ॥

English translation:

“Yoke the bright steeds to the car, yoke the red steeds to the cars; yoke the swift pair of horses to bear the burden; the strong bearing to bear the burden.”

Yoke your reddish (mares) to your chariot; yoke the chestnuts to your chariots.
Yoke the two nimble fallow bays to the chariot-pole, to pull—the two best pullers to the chariot-pole, to pull.

As Bloomfield (RVReps) and Geldner point out, this vs. appears to have been constructed from textual blocks found in I.14.12 and I.134.3. Our pāda a yuṅgdhváṃ hy áruṣī ráthe is identical to I.14.12a except for the sg. impv. yukṣvā́hí rather than our pl.

yuṅgdhvám hí. If our pāda is modeled on I.14.12 (or a similar source) it could explain both the hí with no obvious function and the sg. chariot ráthe for the plural Maruts; this mismatch in number is repaired in the next pāda yuṅgdhvám rátheṣu rohítaḥ.

This latter pāda has no close parallels in the RV, though I.14.12b ends with rohítaḥ, which is a further obj. to yukṣvā́in pāda a (I.14.12b haríto deva rohítaḥ) and so may be a distant source. Our 2nd hemistich yuṅgdhváṃ hárī ajirā́dhurí vóḷhave, váhiṣṭhā dhurí vóḷhave closely follows I.134.3bc vāyū́ráthe ajirā́dhurí vóḷhave, váhiṣṭhā dhurí vóḷhave (whose pāda a contains the ‘yoke’ verb: vāyúr yuṅkte …). What I don’t understand is why Śyāvāśva has made these clumsy adaptations just to produce a vs. that in context is just treading water – there’s no need for a yoking vs. here.

Note that váhiṣṭhā vóḷhave “the two best pullers to pull” is an etymological figure, with both words built to √vah, though it is not at all transparent. Perhaps this is what attracted Śyāvāśva.

Bind to your car the bright red mares, yoke the red coursers to your car.
Bind to the pole, to draw, the fleet-foot tawny steeds, the best at drawing, to the pole.

Schirret also die rötlichen Stuten an den Wagen, schirret die roten an die Wagen; schirret die beiden raschen Falben an die Deichsel um zu fahren.

Die rothen Stuten schirret an, die braunen an die Wagen euch, Die schnellen Füchse an die Deichsel zu der Fahrt, die besten Renner zu der Fahrt.

Запрягайте же в колесницу рыжих (кобылиц)!
Запрягайте в колесницы алых (кобылиц)!
Запрягайте двоих буланых коней, неутомимых у дышла, чтобы везти,
Лучше всех везущих у дышла, – чтобы везти!

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• विराडबृहती
• मध्यमः

अब अग्निविद्या के उपदेश को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वान् कारीगरो ! आप लोग (रथे) वाहन में (अरुषीः) रक्तगुणों में विशिष्ट घोड़ियों के सदृश ज्वालाओं को (युङ्ग्ध्वम्) युक्त कीजिये (रथेषु) रथों में (रोहितः) लाल गुणवाले पदार्थों को और (युङ्ग्ध्वम्) युक्त कीजिये और (धुरि) अग्रभाग में (वोळ्हवे) प्राप्त करने के लिये (अजिरा) जानेवाले (हरी) धारण और आकर्षण को तथा (धुरि) अग्रभाग में (वोळ्हवे) स्थानान्तर में प्राप्त होने के लिये (वहिष्ठा) अत्यन्त पहुँचानेवाले (हि) निश्चय अग्नि और पवन को (युङ्ग्ध्वम्) युक्त कीजिए ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि अग्नि आदि पदार्थों को वाहन आदि के चलाने के लिए निरन्तर युक्त करें ॥६॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसः शिल्पिनो ! यूयं रथेऽरुषीर्युङ्ग्ध्वं रथेषु रोहितो युङ्ग्ध्वं धुरि वोळ्हवेऽजिरा हरी धुरि वोळ्हवे वहिष्ठा ह्यग्निवायू युङ्ध्वम् ॥६॥

अथाग्निविद्योपदेशमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (युङ्ग्ग्ध्वम्) संयोजयत (हि) खलु (अरुषीः) रक्तगुणविशिष्टाः वडवा इव ज्वालाः (रथे) (युङ्ध्वम्) (रथेषु) (रोहितः) रक्तगुणविशिष्टान् (युङ्ग्ध्वम्) (हरी) धारणाकर्षणाख्यौ (अजिरा) गन्तारौ (धुरि) (वोळ्हवे) वहनाय (वहिष्ठा) अतिशयेन वोढारः (धुरि) (वोळ्हवे) स्थानान्तरं प्रापणाय ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यैरग्न्यादिपदार्था यानादिवहनाय नियोजनीयाः ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - माणसांनी अग्नी इत्यादी पदार्थांचा वाहनात उपयोग करावा. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

उत᳓ स्य᳓ वाजी᳓ अरुष᳓स् तुविष्व᳓णिर्
इह᳓ स्म धायि दर्शतः᳓
मा᳓ वो या᳓मेषु मरुतश् चिरं᳓ करत्
प्र᳓ तं᳓ र᳓थेषु चोदत

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aruṣáḥ ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

syá ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tuviṣváṇiḥ ← tuviṣváṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

vājī́ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

darśatáḥ ← darśatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dhāyi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

ihá ← ihá (invariable)

sma ← sma (invariable)

cirám ← cirá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

karat ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

yā́meṣu ← yā́ma- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

codata ← √cud- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)

rátheṣu ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

उ॒त । स्यः । वा॒जी । अ॒रु॒षः । तु॒वि॒ऽस्वनिः॑ । इ॒ह । स्म॒ । धा॒यि॒ । द॒र्श॒तः ।
मा । वः॒ । यामे॑षु । म॒रु॒तः॒ । चि॒रम् । क॒र॒त् । प्र । तम् । रथे॑षु । चो॒द॒त॒ ॥

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• sya ← tya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “that.”

• vājy ← vājī ← vājin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• aruṣas ← aruṣaḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• tuviṣvaṇir ← tuviṣvaṇiḥ ← tuviṣvaṇi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• iha
• [adverb]
• “here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”

• sma
• [adverb]

• dhāyi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• darśataḥ ← darśata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beautiful; visible; beautiful.”

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• yāmeṣu ← yāma
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “prahara; watch; travel; path.”

• marutaś ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ciraṃ ← ciram
• [adverb]
• “long; ciram [word].”

• karat ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ratheṣu ← ratha
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• codata ← cud
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “urge; rush.”

उत अपि च स्यः सः वाजी वेजनवान् अरुषः आरोचमानः तुविष्वणिः प्रभूतध्वनिरश्वः । अरुष इत्यनेन रोहित इत्युक्तं भवति । ‘ प्रष्टिर्वहति रोहितः ’ ( ऋ. सं. १. ३९. ६ ) इति ह्युक्तम् । इह इदानीं दर्शतः दर्शनीयः सन् धायि रथे नियोजितः । स्म इति पूरणः । हे मरुतः वो यामेषु गमनेषु सोऽश्वः चिरं विलम्बं मा करत् मा करोतु । तं रथेषु । रथे युक्तमिति शेषः । प्र चोदत प्रेरयत । यथा विलम्बं न कुर्यात्तथा प्रेरयत ॥

English translation:

“And let not that horse, bright-shining, loud-neighing, of graceful form, who has been plural ced (in harness), delay you, Maruts, on your journey; urge him on in the car.”

And this reddish racehorse here [=Agni], powerfully noisy, has been set here to be seen.
Let him not make you too long on your journeys, o Maruts: spur him forth on the chariots.

Whatever the reason for the previous vs., syá vājy àruṣaḥ “this reddish race horse here” contrasts with the áruṣī(ḥ) ‘reddish (mares)’ in 6a. Although in the published

tr. I identified the referent as Agni (and I still think he is a possible secondary referent), I now accept the view of Sāyaṇa., Geldner, and Renou that it is the Beipferd of the Maruts (see the parallels adduced by Geldner in n. 7a); otherwise the 2nd half of the vs. makes little sense. The mā́prohibitive in c contains what looks like a root aor. subjunctive karat.

Flg. Wackernagel (Fs. Jacobi), Hoffmann (Injunk. 55-56; see also 92) explains this potentially embarrassing form as the injunctive to a thematized root aor., which thematization began from the ambiguous 1st sg. ákaram. He (somewhat disingenuously) notes that outside of mā́clauses the kara- forms are otherwise only subjunctives, and he further suggests that his two exx. are found in idiomatic expressions that belong to the Volkssprache, which could explain the earlier thematization (cf. also Aufs. II.344 n. 2). (His other ex. of mā́… karat in VIII.2.20 I explain differently, as not belonging to the mā́clause at all. See comm. ad loc.) Hoffmann’s thematic aor. explan. has been apparently accepted by Lubotsky, who classifies the two forms identified thus by Hoffmann under “A-AOR.inj.” I am generally dubious, because the root aor. of √kṛ is so well entrenched in the RV and the -a-forms are otherwise found in clear subjunctive usage. However, I am somewhat sympathetic to the “idiomatic” explanation, esp. combined with a metrical observation: the injunc. kaḥ expected here is found almost entirely at the end of Triṣṭubh pādas, but would not work here at the end of a Jagatī pāda. Nonce thematization, esp. perhaps in a low-register expression, would be a quick fix.

Witzel Gotō produce a curious hybrid of prohibitive and subjunctive: “Nicht soll und wird er … (euch) langsam machen” (my italics). I do not understand the explanation given in the n., or at least do not understand what sort of grammatical category is envisioned: “Uns scheint ein expekativer oder voluntativer Konjunktiv deutlich mitzuschwingen: >(Auf keinen Fall erwarten wir), dass er euch langsam mache← bzw.

Dass er euch ja nicht langsame mache!← This clearly builds on Tichy’s analysis of the function of the subjunctive as “expectation,” but I do not understand how the subjunctive would interact with the mā́.

Yea, and this loudly-neighing bright red vigorous horse who hath been sutioned, fair to see,
Let him not cause delay, O Maruts,, in your course, urge ye him onward in your cars.

Auch jener rötliche Renner, der laut tosende, möge dabei sichtbar werden; nicht soll er auf euren Fahrten säumen, ihr Marut, treibt ihn am Wagen an!

Dies rothe, schnelle Ross auch, das gewaltig tobt, das schöne ward hier angelegt; Nicht säum’, o Maruts, lang auf euren Fahrten es, an euren Wagen treibt es an.

И еще: этого рыжего скакуна, громко ржущего,
Надо поставить вот сюда, чтобы он был виден!
Чтобы он не отставал, о Маруты, в ваших походах,
Погоняйте его перед колесницами!

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृद्बृहती
• मध्यमः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मरुतः) मनुष्यो ! जो (वाजी) वेगवान् (इह) इस में (अरुषः) मर्मस्थल के (तुविष्वणिः) बल का सेवी (दर्शतः) देखने योग्य (धायि) धारण किया जाता है (स्यः) वह (यामेषु) यम आदि से युक्त उत्तम व्यवहारों वा प्रहरों में (वः) आप लोगों को (चिरम्) बहुत कालपर्य्यन्त (मा) मत (स्म) ही (करत्) करे अर्थात् न निषेध करे (तम्, उत) उसी को (रथेषु) रथों में (प्र, चोदत) प्रेरित करो ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो अग्निविद्या को धारण करते हैं, उनका सब समय में सत्कार करो ॥७॥

अन्वय: हे मरुतो ! यो वाजी इहाऽरुषस्तुविष्वणिर्दर्शतो धायि स्यो यामेषु वश्चिरं मा स्म करत्तमुत रथेषु प्र चोदत प्रेरयत ॥७॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उत) (स्यः) सः (वाजी) वेगवान् (अरुषः) मर्मणः (तुविष्वणिः) बलसेवी (इह) अस्मिन् (स्म) (धायि) ध्रियते (दर्शतः) द्रष्टव्यः (मा) (वः) युष्मान् (यामेषु) यमादियुक्तशुभव्यवहारेषु प्रहरेषु वा (मरुतः) मानवाः (चिरम्) (करत्) कुर्यात् (प्र) (तम्) (रथेषु) (चोदत) ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - येऽग्निविद्यां धरन्ति तान् सर्वदा सत्कुरुत ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ज्यांना अग्निविद्या येते त्यांचा सदैव सत्कार करा. ॥ ७ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

र᳓थं नु᳓ मा᳓रुतं वयं᳓
श्रवस्यु᳓म् आ᳓ हुवामहे
आ᳓ य᳓स्मिन् तस्थउ᳓ सुर᳓णानि बि᳓भ्रती
स᳓चा मरु᳓त्सु रोदसी᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
mā́rutam ← mā́ruta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

nú ← nú (invariable)

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

huvāmahe ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śravasyúm ← śravasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

bíbhratī ← √bhr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

suráṇāni ← suráṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

tasthaú ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

yásmin ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

marútsu ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

rodasī́ ← rodasī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sácā ← sácā (invariable)

रथ॑म् । नु । मारु॑तम् । व॒यम् । श्र॒व॒स्युम् । आ । हु॒वा॒म॒हे॒ ।
आ । यस्मि॑न् । त॒स्थौ । सु॒रणा॑नि । बिभ्र॑ती । सचा॑ । म॒रुत्ऽसु॑ । रो॒द॒सी ॥

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• mārutaṃ ← mārutam ← māruta
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Marut(a).”

• vayaṃ ← vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• śravasyum ← śravasyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “celebrated.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• huvāmahe ← hvā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yasmin ← yad
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• tasthau ← sthā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• suraṇāni ← suraṇa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter

• bibhratī ← bhṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• sacā
• [adverb]
• “jointly.”

• marutsu ← marut
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• rodasī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

वयम् आत्रेयाः रथं रंहणस्वभावं मारुतं मरुतां संबन्धिनं रथं श्रवस्युम् अन्नेच्छुं नु अद्य आ हुवामहे आह्वयामः । यस्मिन् रथे सुरणानि जलानि बिभ्रती धारयन्ती रोदसी रुद्रस्य पत्नी मरुतां माता । यद्वा रुद्रो वायुः । तत्पत्नी माध्यमिका देवी मरुत्सु सचा सहिता आ तस्थौ आस्थितवती तं रथमाहुवे ॥

English translation:

“We invoke the food-laden chariot of the Maruts, in which Rodasi stood with the Maruts, bearing the delicious (waters).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Rodasi = wife of Rudra, and the mother of the Maruts

The Marutian chariot, seeking fame, do we now call here,
on which there stands, bearing great delights, Rodasī in company with the Maruts. ᳓

The Maruts’ chariot, ever fain to gather glory, we invoke,
Which Rodasi hath mounted, bringing pleasant gifts, with Maruts in her company.

Wir rufen nun den ruhmbegierigen marutischen Wagen her, auf dem Rodasi, die Freudenbringerin, bei den Marut steht.

Den Marut-Wagen rufen wir den hochberühmten nun herbei, Auf welchem stand Genüsse bringend Rodasi, vereinigt mit der Marutschar.

Колесницу Марутов мы
Призываем сейчас, ищущую славы,
На которую взошла вместе с Марутами
Родаси, несущая радости.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर वायुगुणों को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यस्मिन्) जिसमें (सुरणानि) सुन्दर रमण करने योग्य पदार्थ हैं और वीर (आ) सब प्रकार से (तस्थौ) स्थिर हैं तथा जिसमें (मरुत्सु) पवनों में सुन्दर पदार्थों को (बिभ्रती) धारण करते हुए (सचा) सम्बन्ध रखनेवाले (रोदसी) पृथिवी और सूर्य्य वर्त्तमान हैं उस (मारुतम्) मनुष्य और वायुसम्बन्धी (श्रवस्युम्) अपनी श्रवण की इच्छा करनेवाले की और (रथम्) विमान आदि वाहन की (नु) शीघ्र (वयम्) हम लोग (आ, हुवामहे) स्पर्द्धा करें ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जैसे पवन भूमि आदि को धारण करते हैं, वैसे ही विद्वान् जन सब मनुष्यों को धारण करें ॥८॥

अन्वय: यस्मिन् सुरणानि सन्ति वीर आ तस्थौ यत्र मरुत्सु सुरणानि बिभ्रती सचा रोदसी वर्त्तेते तं मारुतं श्रवस्युं रथं नु वयमा हुवामहे ॥८॥

पुनर्वायुगुणानाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (रथम्) विमानादियानम् (नु) सद्यः (मारुतम्) मनुष्यवायुसम्बन्धिनम् (वयम्) (श्रवस्युम्) आत्मनः श्रव इच्छुम् (आ) (हुवामहे) स्पर्धामहे (आ) (यस्मिन्) (तस्थौ) (सुरणानि) सुष्ठु रमणीयानि (बिभ्रती) धरन्त्यौ (सचा) सम्बुद्धौ (मरुत्सु) वायुषु (रोदसी) भूमिसूर्य्यौ ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यथा वायवो भूम्यादिकं धरन्ति तथैव विद्वांसः सर्वान् मनुष्यान् धरन्तु ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जसे वायू भूमीला आधार देतात तसेच विद्वान लोक सर्व माणसांना आधार देतात. ॥ ८ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - बृहती

तं᳓ वः श᳓र्धं रथेशु᳓भं
त्वेष᳓म् पनस्यु᳓म् आ᳓ हुवे
य᳓स्मिन् सु᳓जाता सुभ᳓गा महीय᳓ते
स᳓चा मरु᳓त्सु मीळ्हुषी᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ratheśúbham ← ratheśúbh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śárdham ← śárdha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

huve ← √hū- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

panasyúm ← panasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tveṣám ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahīyáte ← √mahīy- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

subhágā ← subhága- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sújātā ← sújāta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

yásmin ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

marútsu ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

mīḷhuṣī́ ← mīḍhváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sácā ← sácā (invariable)

तम् । वः॒ । शर्ध॑म् । र॒थे॒ऽशुभ॑म् । त्वे॒षम् । प॒न॒स्युम् । आ । हु॒वे॒ ।
यस्मि॑न् । सुऽजा॑ता । सु॒ऽभगा॑ । म॒ही॒यते॑ । सचा॑ । म॒रुत्ऽसु॑ । मी॒ळ्हु॒षी ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• śardhaṃ ← śardham ← śardha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “troop.”

• ratheśubhaṃ ← ratheśubham ← ratheśubh
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• tveṣam ← tveṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

• panasyum ← panasyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “brilliant.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• huve ← hvā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• yasmin ← yad
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• sujātā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sujātā ← jātā ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• subhagā ← subhaga
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “beautiful; auspicious; beloved; fine-looking; fortunate; subhaga [word]; charming; pleasing; lucky.”

• mahīyate ← mahīy
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “rejoice; revel.”

• sacā
• [adverb]
• “jointly.”

• marutsu ← marut
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• mīﾱhuṣī ← mīḍhuṣī ← mīḍhvas
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “big.”

हे मरुतः वः शर्धं युष्मदीयं बलं गणं रथेशुभं रथे शोभनं त्वेषं दीप्तं पनस्युं स्तुत्यम् आ हुवे आह्वये। यस्मिन् शर्धे सुजाता सुष्ठु प्रवृद्धा सुभगा शोभनभाग्यातिमहती मीळ्हुषी । ‘ मीळ्हुष्टम शिवतम’ इत्यादौ दर्शनात् मीढ्वान् रुद्रः। तत्पत्नी मीळ्हुषी । मरुत्सु सचा सह महीयते पूज्यते तं शर्धमा हुवे । आपस्तम्बोऽपि रुद्रपत्नीं मीळ्हुषीसंज्ञया व्यवजहार - उत्तरया दक्षिणस्यामीशानमावाहयति लौकिक्या वाचोत्तरस्यां मीळ्हुषीं मध्ये जयन्तम् ’ ( आप. गृ. २०. १-३ ) इति ॥ ॥ २० ॥ ॥ ४ ॥

English translation:

“I invoke that, your cohort, gracing the chariot, brilliant and adorable, amidst which the rain-bestowing (goddess), of goodly origin and auspicious, is worshipped together with the Maruts.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The rain-bestowing goddess: mīḷhuṣī is another name of Rodasi, the wife of Miḍhvat, an appellation of Rudra

This troop of yours, beauty on the chariot, vibrant, inviting admiration do I call here,
in which the noble, well-portioned (Rodasī) shows her greatness, the generous one in company with the Maruts. ᳓

I call that brilliant band of yours, adorable, rapid on the car
Whereon the bounteous Dame, auspicious, nobly born, shows glorious with the Marut host.

Ich rufe eure Heerschar, die zu Wagen prunkende, schreckhafte, beifalliebende her, unter der die edelgeborene, holde Rodasi bei den Marut sich geehrt fühlt, die Milhusi, die Gnädige.

Ich rufe eure schnelle Schar, die schöne wagenglänzende, Bei der die holde, hochgeborne, selige sich mit den Maruts herrlich zeigt.

Я призываю эту вашу толпу,
Красующуюся на колеснице, неистовую, удивительную,
Среди которой благородная, дающая счастье (Родаси)
Пользуется уважением у Марутов, (она,) щедрая.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर विद्वानों के उपदेश विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (यस्मिन्) जिस कुल में (सुजाता) उत्तम प्रकार प्रसिद्ध (सुभगा) सौभाग्य से युक्त (सचा) सम्बद्ध (मीळ्हुषी) सेचन करनेवाली (मरुत्सु) मनुष्यों में (महीयते) सत्कार की जाती और जिसको सेवन करनेवाली प्राप्त होती है (तम्) उस (पनस्युम्) अपनी स्तुति की इच्छा करते हुए को (आ, हुवे) बुलाता हूँ, उसको (वः) आप लोगों के (रथेशुभम्) रथ के द्वारा कहते हुए (त्वेषम्) प्रकाशमान (शर्धम्) बलयुक्त को पुकारता हूँ ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस कुल में किया ब्रह्मचर्य्य जिन्होंने ऐसे स्त्री और पुरुष वर्त्तमान हैं, उसी कुल को भाग्यशाली जानना चाहिये ॥९॥ इस सूक्त में विद्वान् तथा वायु के गुण वर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इस से पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह छप्पनवाँ सूक्त और बीसवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यस्मिन् सुजाता सुभगा सचा मीळ्हुषी मरुत्सु महीयते यमियमाप्नोति तं पनस्युमा हुवे तं वो रथेशुभं त्वेषं शर्धमा हुवे ॥९॥

पुनर्विद्वदुपदेशविषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तम्) (वः) युष्माकम् (शर्धम्) बलयुक्तम् (रथेशुभम्) यो रथे शुम्भते तम् (त्वेषम्) देदीप्यमानम् (पनस्युम्) आत्मनः पनः स्तवनमिच्छुम् (आ) (हुवे) (यस्मिन्) कुले (सुजाता) सम्यक् प्रसिद्धा (सुभगा) सौभाग्ययुक्ता (महीयते) सत्क्रियते (सचा) समवेता (मरुत्सु) मनुष्येषु (मीळ्हुषी) सेचनकर्त्री ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यस्मिन् कुले कृतब्रह्मचर्याः स्त्रीपुरुषा वर्त्तन्ते तदेव कुलं भाग्यशालि मन्तव्यमिति ॥९॥ अत्र विद्वद्वायुगुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति षट्पञ्चाशत्तमं सूक्तं विंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ज्या कुलात ब्रह्मचारी स्त्री-पुरुष असतात त्या कुलालाच भाग्यशाली म्हटले जाते. ॥ ९ ॥