०५२

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ प्र श्यावाश्व ’ इति सप्तदशर्चमष्टमं सूक्तम् । अत्रेयमनुक्रमणिका –’ प्र श्यावाश्व त्र्यूना श्यावाश्वो मारुतं ह तत्पङ्क्तिः षष्ठ्यन्त्या च ’ इति । आत्रेयः श्यावाश्व ऋषिः । ‘ह तत्’ इति प्रयोगात् इदमादीनि दश सूक्तानि मरुद्देवत्यानि । षष्ठी सप्तदशी च पङ्क्त्यौ शिष्टाः पङ्क्त्यन्तपरिभाषयानुष्टुभः । गतो विनियोगः ॥

Jamison Brereton

52 (406)
Maruts
Śyāvāśva Ātreya
17 verses: anuṣṭubh, except paṅkti 6, 16–17
As befits the first hymn in this Marut cycle, the poet Śyāvāśva addresses himself with an exhortation to praise the Maruts in the first pāda of the first verse. He then

describes them in a general fashion and asserts their right to the sacrifice, in a short ring-compositional introduction (vss. 1–5). (For the responsions of verses 1 and 5 as an example of “poetic repair,” see Jamison 2006.)
The next section of the hymn (vss. 6–13) depicts the Maruts as the gods of the thunderstorm in a series of vivid images and also fancifully assigns individual names to them (vss. 10–11)—the Maruts are otherwise undifferentiated—ending with another exhortation to the poet to praise them (vs. 13cd). In the last few verses (14–17) ritual honor is given to the Maruts, and they respond with gifts. The last verse (17) resembles a dānastuti, but with the Maruts, rather than humans, as the donors to the poet; they were already identified as “patrons” (sūrí) in the two pre
ceding verses (15–16).
The density of imagery throughout is remarkable; we will give just one example, from verse 9. There the Maruts are said to “clothe themselves in wool in the Paruṣṇī River.” The “wool” must stand for foam, off-white and fluffy like newly shorn wool. But the river foam is yet another metaphorical substitute for something else, namely clouds, which the Maruts as storm gods would be clothed in—all of this conveyed in an economical half-verse.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Maruts The pattern of the mention of the Maruts’ name in this hymn is worth noting: it might be called a “versified paradigm” (à la I.1) with a hole in it. The various oblique forms of the plural stem marút- are densely clustered at the beginning of the hymn: instr. marúdbhiḥ (1b), gen. marútām (3c), loc. marútsu (4a), dat. marúdbhyaḥ (5d), and acc. marútaḥ (6d) – each oblique case represented (if abl. is lumped with dat.), each once only. In addition there are three forms of the vṛddhied mā́rutam in the neut. acc. sg. later in the hymn (8a, 13c, 14a). However, though these gods are frequently referred to in the nom. pl. in the hymn, beginning with yé in 1c, and once in the voc. (dhṛṣṇavaḥ 14c), there are no forms of the nom. marútaḥ or the voc. márutaḥ / marutaḥ, although these are the most common forms of this stem in the RV. After the paradigm has been established in the early part of the hymn (1-6), there are no further occurrences of the simple stem in the 11 remaining vss. (7-17), only the three vṛddhi forms. I don’t know what, if anything, to make of this, but it does not seem by chance.

On the responsions and ring-compositional structure of vss. 1-5, see the published

introduction. and my “Poetic ‘Repair’ in the Rig Veda” (2006: 133-36), as well as The Rigveda between Two Worlds (2007: 112-13). The responsions and the versified paradigm are most likely related; as I argue in “Poetic ‘Repair’” the instr. in the phrase árcā marúdbhiḥ … in vs. 1 is somewhat anomalous, but it is “repaired” by the substitution of the expected dat. in 5d … arcā marúdbhyaḥ. To summarize those discussions briefly, in a hymn devoted to the Maruts, beginning with the selfexhortation of the poet “chant forth,” we might expect the Maruts to be the recipients (dat.) of the chant, not, as it seems, fellow-chanters (instr.) with the human poet. But putting them in the instr. emphasizes an important part of their profile, that they are also known to chant, a feature that is alluded to by the hemistich-final adj. ṛ́kvabhiḥ ‘possessing the chant’. Thus the beginning of the hymn seems concerned with the Maruts’ contrastive and mediating functional roles as expressed by the oblique cases of the paradigm.

01 प्र श्यावाश्व - अनुष्टुप्

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प्र᳓ श्यावअश्व धृष्णुया᳓
अ᳓र्चा मरु᳓द्भिर् ऋ᳓क्वभिः
ये᳓ अद्रोघ᳓म् अनुष्वधं᳓
श्र᳓वो म᳓दन्ति यज्ञि᳓याः

02 ते हि - अनुष्टुप्

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ते᳓ हि᳓ स्थिर᳓स्य श᳓वसः
स᳓खायः स᳓न्ति धृष्णुया᳓
ते᳓ या᳓मन्न् आ᳓ धृषद्वि᳓नस्
त्म᳓ना पा᳐न्ति श᳓श्वतः

03 ते स्यन्द्रासो - अनुष्टुप्

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ते᳓ स्यन्द्रा᳓सो न᳓ उक्ष᳓णो
अ᳓ति ष्कन्दन्ति श᳓र्वरीः
मरु᳓ताम् अ᳓धा म᳓हो
दिवि᳓ क्षमा᳓ च मन्महे

04 मरुत्सु वो - अनुष्टुप्

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मरु᳓त्सु वो दधीमहि
स्तो᳓मं यज्ञं᳓ च धृष्णुया᳓
वि᳓श्वे ये᳓ मा᳓नुषा युगा᳓
पा᳐᳓न्ति म᳓र्तियं रिषः᳓

05 अर्हन्तो ये - अनुष्टुप्

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अ᳓र्हन्तो ये᳓ सुदा᳓नवो
न᳓रो अ᳓सामिशवसः
प्र᳓ यज्ञं᳓ यज्ञि᳓येभियो
दिवो᳓ अर्चा मरु᳓द्भियः

06 आ रुक्मैरा - पङ्क्तिः

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आ᳓ रुक्मइ᳓र् आ᳓ युधा᳓ न᳓र
ऋष्वा᳓ ऋष्टी᳓र् असृक्षत
अ᳓न्व् एनाँ अ᳓ह विद्यु᳓तो
मरु᳓तो ज᳓झ्झतीर् इव
भानु᳓र् अर्त त्म᳓ना दिवः᳓

07 ये वावृधन्त - अनुष्टुप्

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ये᳓ वावृध᳓न्त पा᳓र्थिवा
य᳓ उरा᳓व् अन्त᳓रिक्ष आ᳓
वृज᳓ने वा नदी᳓नां᳐
सध᳓स्थे वा महो᳓ दिवः᳓

08 शर्धो मारुतमुच्छंस - अनुष्टुप्

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श᳓र्धो मा᳓रुतम् उ᳓च् छंस
सत्य᳓शवसम् ऋ᳓भ्वसम्
उत᳓ स्म ते᳓ शुभे᳓ न᳓रः
प्र᳓ स्यन्द्रा᳓ युजत त्म᳓ना

09 उत स्म - अनुष्टुप्

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उत᳓ स्म ते᳓ प᳓रुष्णियाम्
ऊ᳓र्णा वसत शुन्ध्य᳓वः
उत᳓ पव्या᳓ र᳓थाना᳐म्
अ᳓द्रिम् भिन्दन्ति ओ᳓जसा

10 आपथयो विपथयोंऽतस्पथा - अनुष्टुप्

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आ᳓पथयो वि᳓पथयो
अ᳓न्तस्पथा अ᳓नुपथाः
एते᳓भिर् म᳓ह्य° ना᳓मभिर्
यज्ञं᳓ विष्टार᳓ ओहते

11 अधा नरो - अनुष्टुप्

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अ᳓धा न᳓रो नि᳓ ओहते
अ᳓धा नियु᳓त ओहते
अ᳓धा पा᳓रावता इ᳓ति
चित्रा᳓ रूपा᳓णि द᳓र्शिया

12 छन्दस्तुभः कुभन्यव - अनुष्टुप्

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छन्दस्तु᳓भः कुभन्य᳓व
उ᳓त्सम् आ᳓ कीरि᳓णो नृतुः
ते᳓ मे के᳓ चिन् न᳓ ताय᳓व
ऊ᳓मा आसन् दृशि᳓ त्विषे᳓

13 य ऋष्वा - अनुष्टुप्

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य᳓ ऋष्वा᳓ ऋष्टि᳓विद्युतः
कव᳓यः स᳓न्ति वेध᳓सः
त᳓म् ऋषे मा᳓रुतं गणं᳓
नमस्या᳓ रम᳓या गिरा᳓

14 अच्छ ऋषे - अनुष्टुप्

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अ᳓छ र्षे मा᳓रुतं गणं᳓
दाना᳓ मित्रं᳓ न᳓ योष᳓णा
दिवो᳓ वा धृष्णव ओ᳓जसा
स्तुता᳓ धीभि᳓र् इषण्यत

15 नू मन्वान - अनुष्टुप्

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नू᳓ मन्वान᳓ एषां᳐
देवाँ᳓ अ᳓छा न᳓ वक्ष᳓णा
दाना᳓ सचेत सूरि᳓भिर्
या᳓मश्रुतेभिर् अञ्जि᳓भिः

16 प्र ये - पङ्क्तिः

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प्र᳓ ये᳓ मे बन्धुएषे᳓
गां᳐᳓ वो᳓चन्त सूर᳓यः
पृ᳓श्निं वोचन्त मात᳓रम्
अ᳓धा पित᳓रम् इष्मि᳓णं
रुद्रं᳓ वोचन्त शि᳓क्वसः

17 सप्त मे - पङ्क्तिः

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सप्त᳓ मे सप्त᳓ शाकि᳓न
ए᳓कम्-एका शता᳓ ददुः
यमु᳓नायाम् अ᳓धि श्रुत᳓म्
उ᳓द् रा᳓धो ग᳓वियम् मृजे
नि᳓ रा᳓धो अ᳓श्वियम् मृजे