०५०

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ विश्वो देवस्य ’ इति पञ्चर्चं षष्ठं सूक्तं स्वस्त्यात्रेयमुनेरार्षं वैश्वदेवम् । पञ्चमी पङ्क्तिः आद्याश्चतस्रोऽनुष्टुभः । तदुक्तमनुक्रमण्याम् -’ विश्वः स्वस्त्यात्रेयः पङ्क्त्यन्तम् ’ इति । पृष्ठ्याभिप्लवषडहयोः प्रथमेऽहनि वैश्वदेवशस्त्रे विश्वो देवस्येति प्रतिपत्तृचस्याद्यः । सूत्रितं च- ‘ विश्वो देवस्य नेतुरित्येका ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ७. ६ ) इति । आभिप्लविकेषु द्वितीयचतुर्थषष्ठेष्वहःस्वेषैव वैश्वदेवस्य शस्त्रस्य प्रतिपत् ।’ युग्मेष्वेवमभिप्लवे ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ७. ६ ) इति सूत्रितत्वात् ॥

Jamison Brereton

50 (404)
All Gods
Svastyātreya Ātreya
5 verses: anuṣṭubh, except paṅkti 5
This little hymn is surprisingly beset by difficulties, especially of syntax, reference, and meter. A particularly intricate set of syntactic constructions modulates from the singular “everyman” of verse 1, through an indefinite plural 3rd person, also representing men in general (“they” 2ab), to an identification of those indefinite men with “us” (2cd)—all of whom desire wealth and the companionship of the god “Leader,” identified by the later tradition with Savitar (whom we met in V.49), though this identification is not necessary.
The scene shifts to the sacrifice in the next two verses (3–4), and the “we” of verse 2 becomes the “you” in verse 3, exhorted to do honor to the gods and their wives as guests at the sacrifice. The identities remain off-balance, however: the verb used for “honor” is one whose subject is usually a god and whose object a mortal, so role reversal is implied. And the gods are not identified as “gods,” but rather called “men”—using the word nŕ̥, which refers to especially elite, noble, or worthy men, and is often elsewhere applied to gods. Verse 4 depicts the mythic model of the soma sacri fice, with Indra invigorated by soma to be a winner. This leads us back to god Leader and prayers for wealth and well-being in response to our ritual offerings (vs. 5).

Jamison Brereton Notes

All Gods As often, the poet embellishes a fairly simple message by playing with personal reference, cycling through all three persons in very short compass. See the disc. in the published introduction. as well as more details in the comm. on individual vss. below.

01 विश्वो देवस्य - अनुष्टुप्

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वि᳓श्वो देव᳓स्य नयितु᳓र्+
म᳓र्तो वुरीत सखिय᳓म्
वि᳓श्वो राय᳓ इषुध्यति
द्युम्नं᳓ वृणीत पुष्य᳓से

02 ते ते - अनुष्टुप्

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ते᳓ ते देव नयितर्+
ये᳓ च इमाँ᳓ अनुश᳓से
ते᳓ राया᳓ ते᳓ हि᳓ आपृ᳓चे
स᳓चेमहि सचथि᳓यैः

03 अतो न - अनुष्टुप्

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अ᳓तो न आ᳓ नॄ᳓न् अ᳓तिथीन्
अ᳓तः प᳓त्नीर् दशस्यत
आरे᳓ वि᳓श्वम् पथेष्ठां᳐᳓
द्विषो᳓ युयोतु यू᳓युविः

04 यत्र वह्निरभिहितो - अनुष्टुप्

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य᳓त्र व᳓ह्निर् अभि᳓हितो
दुद्र᳓वद् द्रो᳓णियः पशुः᳓
नृम᳓णा वीर᳓पस्तियो
अ᳓र्णा धी᳓रेव स᳓निता

05 एष ते - पङ्क्तिः

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एष᳓ ते देव नयिता+
र᳓थस्प᳓तिः शं᳓ रयिः᳓
शं᳓ राये᳓ शं᳓ सुअस्त᳓य
इषस्तु᳓तो मनामहे
देवस्तु᳓तो मनामहे