०४३

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘क उ श्रवत्’ इति सप्तर्चमेकादशं सूक्तम् । सुहोत्रपुत्रौ पुस्मीळ्हाजमीळ्हावृषी । त्रिष्टुप् छन्दः । अश्विनौ देवता । अत्रानुक्रमणिका- क उ श्रवत्सप्त पुरुमीळहाजमीळ्हौ सौहोत्रौ त्वाश्विनं हि ’ इति । प्रातरनुवाकाश्विनशस्त्रयोराश्विने क्रतौ त्रैष्टुभे छन्दसीदमादिके द्वे सूक्ते । “धेनुः प्रत्नस्य क उ श्रवत् ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ४. १५) इति सूत्रितत्वात् ।।

Jamison Brereton

43 (339)
Aśvins
Purumīḷha Sauhotra and Ajamīḷha Sauhotra
7 verses: triṣṭubh
The first four verses of this hymn are filled with questions, with the poet seeking to identify the god or gods who will be most attentive to him. He begins by casting his net widely, with any and all gods potentially the answer to his petitions. (These plural possibilities are signaled grammatically and lexically: katamá “which one?” [1a, 2a, 2b] explicitly requires a choice from three or more possible answers, and “of those worthy of the sacrifice” [1a], “among the immortals” [1c], and “of the gods” [2b] allow these choices to be made from the full set of divinities.) But the questions soon pick the Aśvins out as the correct answer to the earlier questions. A query about their chariot (2cd), which the maiden Sūryā chose as her bridal conveyance, obliquely but uniquely identifies the Aśvins, and the remaining questions (vss. 3–4) focus on their ability and willingness to aid us.
With our benefactors now identified as the Aśvins, the next two verses (5–6) concern their chariot journey (somewhat obscurely), with the announcement of the first sight of their chariot made in the second half of verse 6. In the final verse, identical to the last verse of IV.44, the poet reminds the gods that he has provided them with nourishment and asks for their return favor.
The hymn displays a neat, but uninsistent, ring composition. In verse 1d the poet asks where to “fix” his praise and offerings to the god, using a form of the root śri; the same root is found in the final pāda of the hymn (7d), where our desire of the gods is, reciprocally, “fixed.” This complementarity is emphasized by the two mor
phologically parallel words that express what we offer to the gods (suṣṭutí “good praise,” 1d) and what we hope for in return (sumatí “good favor,” 7b). The hymn twice mentions the involvement of the Aśvins (and their chariot) in the marriage of Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun (vss. 2, 6), the second time in the present tense coinciding with our own first sight of their chariot. While most refer ences to Sūryā and her marriage in Aśvin hymns are set in the mythic past, in this short Aśvin cycle (IV.43–45) Sūryā is present with the Aśvins when they come to the sacrifice, travelling with them on the same chariot (see IV.44.1, 45.1).

Jamison Brereton Notes

Aśvins

01 क उ - त्रिष्टुप्

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क᳓ उ श्रवत् कतमो᳓ यज्ञि᳓यानां
वन्दा᳓रु देवः᳓ कतमो᳓ जुषाते
क᳓स्येमां᳓ देवी᳓म् अमृ᳓तेषु प्रे᳓ष्ठां
हृदि᳓ श्रेषाम सुष्टुतिं᳓ सुहव्या᳓म्

02 को मृळाति - त्रिष्टुप्

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को᳓ मॄळाति+ कतम᳓ आ᳓गमिष्ठो
देवा᳓नाम् उ कतमः᳓ श᳓म्भविष्ठः
र᳓थं क᳓म् आहुर् द्रव᳓दश्वम् आशुं᳓
यं᳓ सू᳓रियस्य दुहिता᳓वृणीत

03 मक्षू हि - त्रिष्टुप्

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मक्षू᳓ हि᳓ ष्मा ग᳓छथ ई᳓वतो द्यू᳓न्
इ᳓न्द्रो न᳓ शक्ति᳓म् प᳓रितक्मियायाम्
दिव᳓ आ᳓जाता दिविया᳓ सुपर्णा᳓
क᳓या श᳓चीनाम् भवथः श᳓चिष्ठा

04 का वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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का᳓ वा᳐म् भूद् उ᳓पमातिः क᳓या न
आ᳓ अ᳓श्विना गमथो हूय᳓माना
को᳓ वाम् मह᳓श् चित् त्य᳓जसो अभी᳓क
उरुष्य᳓तम् माध्वी दस्रा न ऊती᳓

05 उरु वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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उरु᳓ वां र᳓थः प᳓रि नक्षति द्या᳓म्
आ᳓ य᳓त् समुद्रा᳓द् अभि᳓ व᳓र्तते वाम्
म᳓ध्वा माधुवी म᳓धु वाम् प्रुषायन्
य᳓त् सीं वाम् पृ᳓क्षो भुर᳓जन्त पक्वाः᳓

06 सिन्धुर्ह वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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सि᳓न्धुर् ह वां रस᳓या सिञ्चद् अ᳓श्वान्
घृणा᳓ व᳓यो अरुषा᳓सः प᳓रि ग्मन्
त᳓द् ऊ षु᳓ वाम् अजिरं᳓ चेति या᳓नं
ये᳓न प᳓ती भ᳓वथः सूरिया᳓याः

07 इहेह यद्वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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इहे᳓ह य᳓द् वां समना᳓ पपृक्षे᳓
से᳓य᳓म् अस्मे᳓ सुमति᳓र् वाजरत्ना
उरुष्य᳓तं जरिता᳓रं युवं᳓ ह
श्रितः᳓ का᳓मो नासतिया युवद्रि᳓क्