०३६

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ अनश्वो जातः’ इति नवर्चं चतुर्थं सूक्तमार्भवम् । ऋषिर्वामदेवः। अन्त्या त्रिष्टुप् शिष्टास्त्रिष्टुबन्तपरिभाषया जगत्यः । अनश्वोऽन्त्या त्रिष्टुप् ’ इत्यनुक्रमणिका । आभिप्लविके तृतीयेऽहनि वैश्वदेवशस्त्रे आर्भवनिविद्धानीयमिदम् । तथा च सूत्रितम् - अनश्वो जातः परावतो य इति वैश्वदेवम् ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ७. ७ ) इति ॥

Jamison Brereton

36 (332)
R̥bhus
Vāmadeva Gautama
9 verses: jagatī, except triṣṭubh 9
The first half of this hymn turns on the “proclamation” of the divinity of the R̥bhus and of their deeds (vss. 1, 3, 5) and the second on the prosperity they bring. The first verse already establishes the central themes of the hymn. The chariot with three wheels that rolls through space is likely the ritual with its three fires or possibly with its three soma-pressings. And just as the ritual flies from earth to heaven, so the R̥bhus prosper both earth and heaven.
The ritual is key to the R̥bhus, since it is through their ritual acts that they became divine, and they continue to perform ritual acts, even as divinities. Verse 2 again refers to their perfect chariot—the perfect ritual that the R̥bhus carried out through their insight. Because they rode to heaven on that ritual, they are now offered soma at the Third Pressing (2cd). Verses 3–4 rehearse three of the well-known deeds of the R̥bhus, which are united by a sonic repetition: they rejuvenate their parents in order for them “to keep going” (caráthāya); in order to make the four principal soma offerings at the Third Pressing they “divided” one “cup into four” (ví cakra camasáṃ cáturvayam); and “out of a cowhide” (cármaṇaḥ) they made a milk-giving cow. The cowhide in 4b may be a hide on which the stalks of the soma plant are beaten (the adhiṣavaṇacarman) to produce the soma juice. Since at the Third Pressing the stalks used in the first two pressings are beaten again to extract the soma juice, therefore the great deed of the R̥bhus might have been that they were able to extract more soma juice on the cowhide from old stalks and in that way make the cowhide into a cow once again, who gives soma as its milk. Or the cowhide may refer to the soma stalks themselves, the shredded remains of the previous pressings that are made to yield soma once again.
In the second half of the hymn (vss. 5–9) the poet turns principally to the rewards that the R̥bhus bring. The poet announces the theme in verse 5 by proclaiming that those whom the R̥bhus help have “wide boundaries”—broad horizons, we might say. Great men, whether poets or warriors, are great because of the R̥bhus (vs. 6), and through the R̥bhus people gain wealth (5a, 6c, 8d), vigor (8d), fame (5a, 9bc), and descendants (9a).

01 अनश्वो जातो - जगती

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अनश्वो᳓ जातो᳓ अनभीशु᳓र् उक्थि᳓यो
र᳓थस् त्रिचक्रः᳓ प᳓रि वर्तते र᳓जः
मह᳓त् त᳓द् वो देवि᳓यस्य प्रवा᳓चनं
द्या᳓म् ऋभवः पृथिवीं᳓ य᳓च् च पु᳓ष्यथ

02 रथं ये - जगती

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र᳓थं ये᳓ चक्रुः᳓ सुवृ᳓तं सुचे᳓तसो
अ᳓विह्वरन्तम् म᳓नसस् प᳓रि ध्य᳓या
ताँ᳓ ऊ नु᳓ अस्य᳓ स᳓वनस्य पीत᳓य
आ᳓ वो वाजा ऋभवो वेदयामसि

03 तद्वो वाजा - जगती

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त᳓द् वो वाजा ऋभवः सुप्रवाचनं᳓
देवे᳓षु विभ्वो अभवन् महित्वन᳓म्
जि᳓व्री य᳓त् स᳓न्ता पित᳓रा सनाजु᳓रा
पु᳓नर् यु᳓वाना चर᳓थाय त᳓क्षथ

04 एकं वि - जगती

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ए᳓कं वि᳓ चक्र चमसं᳓ च᳓तुर्वयं
नि᳓श् च᳓र्मणो गा᳓म् अरिणीत धीति᳓भिः
अ᳓था देवे᳓षु अमृतत्व᳓म् आनश
श्रुष्टी᳓ वाजा ऋभवस् त᳓द् व उक्थि᳓यम्

05 ऋभुतो रयिः - जगती

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ऋभुतो᳓ रयिः᳓ प्रथम᳓श्रवस्तमो
वा᳓जश्रुतासो य᳓म् अ᳓जीजनन् न᳓रः
विभ्वतष्टो᳓ विद᳓थेषु प्रवा᳓चियो
यं᳓ देवासो अ᳓वथा स᳓ वि᳓चर्षणिः

06 स वाज्यर्वा - जगती

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स᳓ वाजी᳓ अ᳓र्वा स᳓ ऋ᳓षिर् वचस्य᳓या
स᳓ शू᳓रो अ᳓स्ता पृ᳓तनासु दुष्ट᳓रः
स᳓ राय᳓स् पो᳓षं स᳓ सुवी᳓रियं दधे
यं᳓ वा᳓जो वि᳓भ्वाँ ऋभ᳓वो य᳓म् आ᳓विषुः

07 श्रेष्टं वः - जगती

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श्रे᳓ष्ठं वः पे᳓शो अ᳓धि धायि दर्शतं᳓
स्तो᳓मो वाजा ऋभवस् तं᳓ जुजुष्टन
धी᳓रासो हि᳓ ष्ठा᳓ कव᳓यो विपश्चि᳓तस्
ता᳓न् व एना᳓ ब्र᳓ह्मणा᳓ वेदयामसि

08 यूयमस्मभ्यं धिषणाभ्यस्परि - जगती

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यूय᳓म् अस्म᳓भ्यं धिष᳓णाभियस् प᳓रि
विद्वां᳓सो वि᳓श्वा न᳓रियाणि भो᳓जना
द्युम᳓न्तं वा᳓जं वृ᳓षशुष्मम् उत्तम᳓म्
आ᳓ नो रयि᳓म् ऋभवस् तक्षता᳓ व᳓यः

09 इह प्रजामिह - त्रिष्टुप्

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इह᳓ प्रजा᳓म् इह᳓ रयिं᳓ र᳓राणा
इह᳓ श्र᳓वो वीर᳓वत् तक्षता नः
ये᳓न वयं᳓ चित᳓येमा᳓ति अन्या᳓न्
तं᳓ वा᳓जं चित्र᳓म् ऋभवो ददा नः