०२१

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ आ यात्विन्द्रः’ इत्येकादशर्चमेकादशं सूक्तं वामदेवस्यार्षं त्रैष्टुभमैन्द्रम् । ‘आ यातु ’ इत्यनुक्रान्तम् । पृष्ठ्याभिप्लवषडहयोः प्रथमेऽहन्येतन्निविद्धानीयम् । सूत्रितं च- आ यात्विन्द्रोऽवस इति मरुत्वतीयम्’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ७.५.१८) इति ।।

Jamison Brereton

21 (317)
Indra
Vāmadeva Gautama
11 verses: triṣṭubh
The first verses of this hymn, especially 1 and 3, are quite reminiscent of the open ing of the preceding hymn, IV.20, with the invitation to Indra to come to our sac rifice from wherever he might be, and the hymn promises to be a straightforward celebration of Indra’s presence at the sacrifice and our praise and offering to him, in the hopes of his goods and help. But the hymn veers off into a different, and deeply puzzling, direction. The pivot is verse 5, which begins with a relative clause as does verse 4, leading us to expect that the referent in verse 5 will be the same as in verse 4, namely Indra, the subject of our hymn. But it is not, as the last word reveals, but rather the Hotar, here almost certainly the god Agni.
The next three verses (6–8) share a number of features: repeated phrases (espe cially the góhe phrase of 6b, 7c, 8c), metrical irregularity in their odd pādas (6c, 7a, 7c), morphological and syntactic parallelism, and patterns of phonological and morphosyntactic repetition. But what they especially share is almost impenetrable obscurity. In our admittedly speculative interpretation, these verses take off from the Agni verse (5) and treat simultaneously the kindling of the ritual fire, which initiates the sacrifice here and now, and the Vala myth. As we noted in the introduc tion to IV.20, the twin of this hymn in some ways, the Vala myth, is a backgrounded model for Indra’s generous giving in that hymn. It should also be remembered that the Agni hymns of this maṇḍala frequently take the Vala myth as their subject (see esp. IV.1 and 2), despite the fact that Agni is not usually a participant in that myth. Thus a condensed version of the Vala myth embedded in an Indra hymn but focus ing on Agni is compatible with the larger concerns of the Vāmadeva poets.
In verse 6 the gods coming to the sacrifice seem to be compared to the Aṅgirases going to the Vala cave—though neither group is mentioned by name—and the seat of both groups is identified as the “secret place” (góha) of the Auśija, a vr̥ddhi derivative that we interpret as referring to the whole company of Uśij-priests, or fire-priests. In the second half of the verse the ritual fire is kindled, though with difficulty. The kindled fire roars to life in verse 7a, enabling the sacrifice to proceed (pāda b) and the cows in the Vala cave to go forth (pādas cd)—expressed in increas ingly compressed phraseology. The final verse of this section (8) is the one that most clearly alludes to the opening of the Vala cave, using several of the signature words of that myth, including the verb vidát “found, finds,” which several times in the Vala myth takes “cows” as object (I.62.3, V.45.8, X.68.11). But in our verse the object is omitted, presumably to allow the simultaneous reading “cows” (for the Vala myth) and “goods” (for the ritual here-and-now).
Having thus provided Indra with a mythic model for generous giving (however cryptically phrased), the poet then reproaches Indra in verse 9 for not participating in the sacrificial give-and-take. The poet ends the hymn with a more conventional summary verse and plea for goods and help (vs. 10), followed by the Vāmadeva Indra-cycle refrain (vs. 11).

Jamison Brereton Notes

Indra

01 आ यात्विन्द्रोऽवस - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ यातु इ᳓न्द्रो अ᳓वस उ᳓प न
इह᳓ स्तुतः᳓ सधमा᳓द् अस्तु शू᳓रः
वावृधान᳓स् त᳓विषीर् य᳓स्य पूर्वी᳓र्
दियउ᳓र् न᳓ क्षत्र᳓म् अभि᳓भूति पु᳓ष्यात्

02 तस्येदिह स्तवथ - त्रिष्टुप्

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त᳓स्ये᳓द् इह᳓ स्तवथ वृ᳓ष्णियानि
तुविद्युम्न᳓स्य तुविरा᳓धसो नॄ᳓न्
य᳓स्य क्र᳓तुर् विदथि᳓यो न᳓ सम्रा᳓ट्
साह्वा᳓न् त᳓रुत्रो अभि᳓ अ᳓स्ति कृष्टीः᳓

03 आ यात्विन्द्रो - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ यातु इ᳓न्द्रो दिव᳓ आ᳓ पृथिव्या᳓
मक्षू᳓ समुद्रा᳓द् उत᳓ वा पु᳓रीषात्
सु᳓वर्णराद् अ᳓वसे नो मरु᳓त्वान्
पराव᳓तो वा स᳓दनाद् ऋत᳓स्य

04 स्थूरस्य रायो - त्रिष्टुप्

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स्थूर᳓स्य रायो᳓ बृहतो᳓ य᳓ ई᳓शे
त᳓म् उ ष्टवाम विद᳓थेषु इ᳓न्द्रम्
यो᳓ वायु᳓ना ज᳓यति गो᳓मतीषु
प्र᳓ धृष्णुया᳓ न᳓यति व᳓स्यो अ᳓छ

05 उप यो - त्रिष्टुप्

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उ᳓प यो᳓ न᳓मो न᳓मसि स्तभाय᳓न्न्
इ᳓यर्ति वा᳓चं जन᳓यन् य᳓जध्यै
ऋञ्जसानः᳓ · पुरुवा᳓र उक्थइ᳓र्
ए᳓न्द्रं कृण्वीत स᳓दनेषु हो᳓ता

06 धिषा यदि - त्रिष्टुप्

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धिषा᳓ य᳓दि धिषण्य᳓न्तः सरण्या᳓न्
स᳓दन्तो अ᳓द्रिम् औशिज᳓स्य गो᳓हे
आ᳓ दुरो᳓षाः · पास्तिय᳓स्य हो᳓ता
यो᳓ नो महा᳓न् संव᳓रणेषु व᳓ह्निः

07 सत्रा यदीम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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सत्रा᳓ य᳓द् ईम् · भार्वर᳓स्य वृ᳓ष्णः
सि᳓षक्ति शु᳓ष्म स्तुवते᳓ भ᳓राय
गु᳓हा य᳓द् ईम् · औशिज᳓स्य गो᳓हे
प्र᳓ य᳓द् धिये᳓ प्र᳓ अ᳓यसे म᳓दाय

08 वि यद्वरांसि - त्रिष्टुप्

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वि᳓ य᳓द् व᳓रांसि प᳓र्वतस्य वृण्वे᳓
प᳓योभिर् जिन्वे᳓ अपां᳐᳓ ज᳓वांसि
विद᳓द् गौर᳓स्य गवय᳓स्य गो᳓हे
य᳓दी वा᳓जाय सुधि᳓यो व᳓हन्ति

09 भद्रा ते - त्रिष्टुप्

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भद्रा᳓ ते ह᳓स्ता सु᳓कृतोत᳓ पाणी᳓
प्रयन्ता᳓रा स्तुवते᳓ रा᳓ध इन्द्र
का᳓ ते नि᳓षत्तिः कि᳓म् उ नो᳓ ममत्सि
किं᳓ नो᳓द्-उद् उ हर्षसे दा᳓तवा᳓ उ

10 एवा वस्व - त्रिष्टुप्

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एवा᳓ व᳓स्व इ᳓न्दरः+ सत्यः᳓ सम्रा᳓ड्
ढ᳓न्ता वृत्रं᳓ व᳓रिवः पूर᳓वे कः
पु᳓रुष्टुत क्र᳓त्वा नः शग्धि रायो᳓
भक्षीय᳓ ते अ᳓वसो दइ᳓वियस्य

11 नू ष्थुत - त्रिष्टुप्

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नू᳐᳓ ष्टुत᳓ इन्दर+ नू᳓ गृणान᳓
इ᳓षं जरित्रे᳓ नदि᳓यो न᳓ पीपेः
अ᳓कारि ते हरिवो ब्र᳓ह्म न᳓व्यं
धिया᳓ सियाम रथि᳓यः सदासाः᳓