०१३

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ प्रत्यग्निः’ इति पञ्चर्चं तृतीयं सूक्तं वामदेवस्यार्षं त्रैष्टुभमाग्नेयं तत्तन्मन्त्रवर्णाभिधेयोषःप्रभृतिदैवतं वा । तथा चानुक्रान्त- प्रत्यग्निः पञ्च लिङ्गोक्तदैवतं त्वेके ’ इति । लैङ्गिको विनियोगः ॥

Jamison Brereton

13 (309)
Agni (or Assorted Divinities)
Vāmadeva Gautama
5 verses: triṣṭubh
The Anukramaṇī assigns this hymn either to Agni or to unspecified divinities, but as has long been recognized, it is really a hymn appropriate to dawn, mentioning the gods associated with this time of day: Dawn herself, the Aśvins, Savitar, and especially the Sun, who is found in all five verses. It forms a pair with the following hymn, IV.14, also devoted to Dawn though not so identified. For further on the similarities of these two hymns, see the introduction to IV.14.
The last three verses are especially striking, with several vivid images of the tri umph of light over darkness in verses 3–4, and in the final verse (5) a speculative question about the sun—why does it not fall out of the sky?

Jamison Brereton Notes

Agni or various deities

013-014 ...{Loading}...

Jamison Brereton Notes

As is generally recognized, these two hymns form a pair, and though nominally dedicated to Agni, they are really dawn hymns, with mention of the various divinities appropriate to the dawn sacrifice: Agni, Uṣas, Aśvins, Savitar, Sūrya. The patterning between the hymns gives us one of our rare opportunities to observe how Rigvedic variation-on-a-theme worked in practice, similar to the first few pairs of Vālakhilya hymns.. See the brief remarks in Bloomfield, Rig-Veda Repetitions, p. 13. For a more detailed account of the parallelisms see published introduction. to IV.14 and comments on individual vss. in 14 below. The hymns are most alike at the beginning and end with the middle a fairly free zone. This pattern is similar to what is found in the paired Vālakhilya hymns. See comm. thereon and esp. on VIII.50.

01 प्रत्यग्निरुषसामग्रमख्यद्विभातीनां सुमना - त्रिष्टुप्

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प्र᳓ति अग्नि᳓र् उष᳓साम् अ᳓ग्रम् अख्यद्
विभातीनां᳓ सुम᳓ना रत्नधे᳓यम्
यात᳓म् अश्विना सुकृ᳓तो दुरोण᳓म्
उ᳓त् सू᳓रियो ज्यो᳓तिषा देव᳓ एति

02 ऊर्ध्वं भानुम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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ऊर्ध्व᳓म् भानुं᳓ सविता᳓ देवो᳓ अश्रेद्
द्रप्सं᳓ द᳓विध्वद् गविषो᳓ न᳓ स᳓त्वा
अ᳓नु व्रतं᳓ व᳓रुणो यन्ति मित्रो᳓
य᳓त् सू᳓रियं दिवि᳓ आरोह᳓यन्ति

03 यं सीमकृण्वन्तमसे - त्रिष्टुप्

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यं᳓ सीम् अ᳓कृण्वन् त᳓मसे विपृ᳓चे
ध्रुव᳓क्षेमा अ᳓नवस्यन्तो अ᳓र्थम्
तं᳓ सू᳓रियं हरि᳓तः सप्त᳓ यह्वी᳓
स्प᳓शं वि᳓श्वस्य ज᳓गतो वहन्ति

04 वहिष्टेभिर्विहरन्यासि तन्तुमवव्ययन्नसितम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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व᳓हिष्ठेभिर् विह᳓रन् यासि त᳓न्तुम्
अवव्य᳓यन्न् अ᳓सितं देव व᳓स्म
द᳓विध्वतो रश्म᳓यः सू᳓रियस्य
च᳓र्मेवा᳓वाधुस् त᳓मो अप्सु᳓ अन्तः᳓

05 अनायतो अनिबद्धः - त्रिष्टुप्

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अ᳓नायतो अ᳓निबद्धः कथा᳓यं᳓
नि᳓अङ्ङ् उत्तानो᳓ अ᳓व पद्यते न᳓
क᳓या याति स्वध᳓या को᳓ ददर्श
दिव᳓ स्कम्भः᳓ स᳓मृतः पाति ना᳓कम्