०१९

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘अग्निं होतारम्’ इति पञ्चर्चं सप्तमं सूक्तं त्रैष्टुभमाग्नेयं गाथिन आर्षम् । तथा चानुक्रान्तम्’ अग्निं होतारं गाथी ह’ इति । प्रातरनुवाकाश्विनशस्त्रयोरुक्तो विनियोगः ॥

Jamison Brereton

19 (253)
Agni
Gāthin Kauśika
5 verses: triṣṭubh
This is the first of a small collection of hymns, III.19–22, attributed to Gāthin, the son of Kuśika. According to the Sarvānukramaṇī, Gāthin was the father of Viśvāmitra, although in III.33.5 Viśvāmitra calls himself a son of Kuśika.
In general, the hymn is similar to IV.6. See especially verse 2, which has many of the same themes and much of the same vocabulary as IV.6.3. Its most obvi ous structural feature is the ring defined by 1a and 5a. One difference between the two lines, however, is that the poet chooses Agni in verse 1, but the gods anoint Agni in verse 5. This change echoes the shifts throughout the hymn between the priests and Agni. In verse 2ab first “I” perform a ritual offering to Agni, and then in cd Agni performs a ritual act. Verse 3 begins as if it is still describing Agni, especially if the gapped verb is sám √śri “provide” from 2d, but

by the end of the first line the subject needs to be read as the priest. In 3b the action of both Agni and the priest is characterized as “striving.” In verse 4 the people performing the ritual are “eager to sacrifice,” but it is Agni who “will sacrifice.” This shifting between humans and the god Agni signifies the closing gap between humans and the gods.
The hymn also contains two problematic ellipses. As mentioned above, 3a gaps the verb, and although we have supplied “provide,” this is not the only possibility. In verse 2 because of another ellipsis there is some ambiguity about the ritual act that the “I” performs. By the end of the hemistich the reference to the sacrificial ladle, the juhū́, is fairly clear, but initially what is sent to Agni could be vā́c “speech” or suṣṭutí “good praise” (vs. 3) or the like, accompanied by offerings (e.g., X.188.2 prá…iyarmi suṣṭutím).

01 अग्निं होतारम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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अ॒ग्निं होता॑रं॒ प्र वृ॑णे मि॒येधे॒ गृत्सं॑ क॒विं वि॑श्व॒विद॒ममू॑रम् ।
स नो॑ यक्षद्दे॒वता॑ता॒ यजी॑यान्रा॒ये वाजा॑य वनते म॒घानि॑ ॥

02 प्र ते - त्रिष्टुप्

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प्र ते॑ अग्ने ह॒विष्म॑तीमिय॒र्म्यच्छा॑ सुद्यु॒म्नां रा॒तिनीं॑ घृ॒ताची॑म् ।
प्र॒द॒क्षि॒णिद्दे॒वता॑तिमुरा॒णः सं रा॒तिभि॒र्वसु॑भिर्य॒ज्ञम॑श्रेत् ॥

03 स तेजीयसा - त्रिष्टुप्

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(यस्) स तेजी॑यसा॒ मन॑सा॒ त्वा+ऊ॒त॑,
उ॒त शि॑क्ष स्व्-अप॒त्यस्य॑ शि॒क्षोः(←शक्+सन्+उस्) ।
अग्ने॑ रा॒यो नृत॑मस्य॒ प्रभू॑तौ
भू॒याम॑ ते सुष्टु॒तय॑श् च॒ वस्वः॑ ॥

04 भूरीणि हि - त्रिष्टुप्

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भूरी॑णि॒ हि त्वे द॑धि॒रे अनी॒काग्ने॑ दे॒वस्य॒ यज्य॑वो॒ जना॑सः ।
स आ व॑ह दे॒वता॑तिं यविष्ठ॒ शर्धो॒ यद॒द्य दि॒व्यं यजा॑सि ॥

05 यत्त्वा होतारमनजन्मियेधे - त्रिष्टुप्

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यत्त्वा॒ होता॑रम॒नज॑न्मि॒येधे॑ निषा॒दय॑न्तो य॒जथा॑य दे॒वाः ।
स त्वं नो॑ अग्नेऽवि॒तेह बो॒ध्यधि॒ श्रवां॑सि धेहि नस्त॒नूषु॑ ॥