०१८

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सायण-भाष्यम्

’ प्राता रथः’ इति नवर्चं सप्तमं सूक्तं गार्त्समदं त्रैष्टुभमैन्द्रम् । ’ प्रातः ’ इत्यनुक्रान्तम् । लैङ्गिको विनियोगः।।

Jamison Brereton

18 (209)
Indra
Gr̥tsamada
9 verses: triṣṭubh
This hymn centers on Indra’s chariot, which, the poet hopes, will carry Indra to his sacrifice and not to the sacrifice of any of his rivals (vss. 3, 7). Indra’s chariot is also the sacrifice itself. According to Sāyaṇa, its four yokes are the four soma-pressing stones; the three whips are the three pitches used in recitation; the seven reins are the seven meters; and—the least likely of Sāyaṇa’s identifications—the ten oars are the ten planets “that rescue from evil beings” (etymologizing arítra “oar” as ari “enemy” + trā “rescue”) or the ten Camasādhvaryus. In a lengthy note Witzel and Gotō suggest other possibilities for such numbers. With regard to the world, three may be the three worlds or the three positions of the sun, four the four directions, seven the seven rivers, and so on. In relation to the sacrifice, three might be the three sacrificial fires or the three soma cups, four (or four times four) the number of priests, seven the three (fires, cups) plus the four (priests) or the seven priests mentioned in II.5.2, ten the seven (priests) plus the three (fires, cups) or ten fingers, ten fires, ten soma vessels, et cetera. All that said, however, the specific identifica tions are less important than the possibility of finding many identifications and the generally increasing numbers (4, 3, 7, 10). These project a picture of the chariot as encompassing all aspects of the sacrifice and of the world.
Verse 2 begins with another enumeration. Here the first, second, and third might be the three soma offerings of the sacrificial day or the three fires of the sacrificial ground. The second half of verse 2 turns to a key moment in the sacrifice, the birth of Agni out of the fire-kindling stick. The newly born Agni keeps company with “the others,” but once again who or what these others are is unclear: they might be the sacrificial fires, the sacrificial offerings, the gods, or even other priests. From verse 3 the poet’s attention turns especially to Indra’s chariot-horses, whose number progressively increases from two (vss. 3, 4) to a hundred (vs. 6). This increasing number suggests that these horses might correspond to an aspect of the sacrifice that carries Indra to the sacrificial area. For the poet there are few greater attrac tions for Indra than the ritual recitations, and therefore these horses may be the words of these recitations, which like these horses multiply as the hymn is recited. Note that śaténa “with a hundred” is the hundredth word of the hymn. Once again, however, the multiplication of horses is also an indication of the fluidity of this hymn’s numerology and another signal that Indra’s chariot comprehends the whole of the sacrifice and the world.

01 प्राता रथो - त्रिष्टुप्

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प्राता᳓ र᳓थो · न᳓वो योजि स᳓स्निश्
च᳓तुर्युगस् त्रिकशः᳓ सप्त᳓रश्मिः
द᳓शारित्रो मनुषि᳓यः सुवर्षाः᳓
स᳓ इष्टि᳓भिर् मति᳓भी रं᳓हियो भूत्

02 सास्मा अरम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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सा᳓स्मा अ᳓रम् प्रथमं᳓ स᳓ द्विती᳓यम्
उतो᳓ तृती᳓यम् म᳓नुषः स᳓ हो᳓ता
अन्य᳓स्या ग᳓र्भम् अन्य᳓ ऊ जनन्त
सो᳓ अन्ये᳓भिः सचते जे᳓न्यो वृ᳓षा

03 हरी नु - त्रिष्टुप्

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ह᳓री नु᳓ कं र᳓थ इ᳓न्द्रस्य योजम्
आयइ᳓ सूक्ते᳓न व᳓चसा न᳓वेन
मो᳓ षु᳓ त्वा᳓म् अ᳓त्र बह᳓वो हि᳓ वि᳓प्रा
नि᳓ रीरमन् य᳓जमानासो अन्ये᳓

04 आ द्वाभ्याम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ दुवा᳓भ्यां ह᳓रिभ्याम् इन्द्र याहि
आ᳓ चतु᳓र्भिर् आ᳓ षड्भि᳓र् हूय᳓मानः
आ᳓ अष्टाभि᳓र् दश᳓भिः सोमपे᳓यम्
अयं᳓ सुतः᳓ सुमख मा᳓ मृ᳓धस् कः

05 आ विंशत्या - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ विंशत्या᳓ त्रिंश᳓ता याहि अर्वा᳓ङ्
आ᳓ चत्वारिंश᳓ता ह᳓रिभिर् युजानः᳓
आ᳓ पञ्चाश᳓ता सुर᳓थेभिर् इन्द्र
आ᳓ षष्टिया᳓ सप्तत्या᳓ सोमपे᳓यम्

06 आशीत्या नवत्या - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ अशीत्या᳓ नवत्या᳓ याहि अर्वा᳓ङ्
आ᳓ शते᳓न ह᳓रिभिर् उह्य᳓मानः
अयं᳓ हि᳓ ते शुन᳓होत्रेषु सो᳓म
इ᳓न्द्र त्वाया᳓ प᳓रिषिक्तो म᳓दाय

07 मम ब्रह्मेन्द्र - त्रिष्टुप्

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म᳓म ब्र᳓ह्म इन्दर+ याहि अ᳓छा
वि᳓श्वा ह᳓री धुरि᳓ धिष्वा र᳓थस्य
पुरुत्रा᳓ हि᳓ विह᳓वियो बभू᳓थ
अस्मि᳓ञ् छूर स᳓वने मादयस्व

08 न म - त्रिष्टुप्

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न᳓ म इ᳓न्द्रेण सखियं᳓ वि᳓ योषद्
अस्म᳓भ्यम् अस्य द᳓क्षिणा दुहीत
उ᳓प ज्य᳓यिष्ठे+ व᳓रूथे ग᳓भस्तौ
प्राये᳓-प्राये जिगीवां᳓सः सियाम

09 नूनं सा - त्रिष्टुप्

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नूनं᳓ सा᳓ ते प्र᳓ति व᳓रं जरित्रे᳓
दुहीय᳓द् इन्द्र द᳓क्षिणा मघो᳓नी
शि᳓क्षा स्तोतृ᳓भ्यो मा᳓ति धग् भ᳓गो नो
बृह᳓द् वदेम विद᳓थे सुवी᳓राः