१६८

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

यज्ञा᳓-यज्ञा वः समना᳓ तुतुर्व᳓णिर्
धि᳓यं-धियं वो देवया᳓ उ दधिध्वे
आ᳓ वो अर्वा᳓चः सुविता᳓य रो᳓दस्योर्
महे᳓ ववृत्याम् अ᳓वसे सुवृक्ति᳓भिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; 12 = 5+7, ending LHX
genre M
genre M

Morph
samanā́ ← samanā́ (invariable)

tuturváṇiḥ ← tuturváṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

yajñā́-yajñā ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

dadhidhve ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

devayā́ḥ ← devayā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

dhíyaṁ-dhiyam ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

arvā́caḥ ← arvā́ñc- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ródasyoḥ ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:DU}

suvitā́ya ← suvitá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ávase ← ávas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

suvr̥ktíbhiḥ ← suvr̥ktí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

vavr̥tyām ← √vr̥t- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

य॒ज्ञाऽय॑ज्ञा । वः॒ । स॒म॒ना । तु॒तु॒र्वणिः॑ । धिय॑म्ऽधियम् । वः॒ । दे॒व॒ऽयाः । ऊं॒ इति॑ । द॒धि॒ध्वे॒ ।
आ । वः॒ । अ॒र्वाचः॑ । सु॒वि॒ताय॑ । रोद॑स्योः । म॒हे । व॒वृ॒त्या॒म् । अव॑से । सु॒वृ॒क्तिऽभिः॑ ॥

• yajñā ← yajñāḥ ← yajña
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• yajñā ← yajñāḥ ← yajña
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “you.”

• samanā
• [adverb]

• tuturvaṇir ← tuturvaṇiḥ ← tuturvaṇi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• dhiyaṃ ← dhiyam ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• dhiyaṃ ← dhiyam ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• devayā ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devayā ← yāḥ ← yā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “going.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• dadhidhve ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “you.”

• ‘rvācaḥ ← arvācaḥ ← arvāñc
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “approaching; facing; less.”

• suvitāya ← suvita
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “prosperity; well-being.”

• rodasyor ← rodasyoḥ ← rodasī
• [noun], genitive, dual, feminine
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• vavṛtyām ← vṛt
• [verb], singular, Perfect optative
• “behave; happen; exist; return; dwell; die; roll; continue; act; exist; feed on; issue; move; travel; proceed; turn; situate; drive; account for; begin; do; inhere; revolve.”

• avase ← avas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “aid; favor; protection.”

• suvṛktibhiḥ ← suvṛkti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “praise.”

हे मरुतः वः समना समीकृतिर्न्यूनाधिकाभावलक्षणा यज्ञायज्ञा सर्वेष्वपि यज्ञेषु तुर्वणिः तूर्णवनिस्त्वरमाणा संभजमाना भवति । ‘तुर्वणिस्तूर्णवनिः’ (निरु, ६. १४ ) इति यास्कः । तत्तद्यागावसरे अगत्य हविः स्वीकृत्य वैकल्यपरिहारेण समं कुरुथेत्यर्थः । किंच वः यूयं धियंधियं युष्मत्संबन्धिवृष्टिप्रदानादिरूपं सर्वं कर्म देवयाः देवान् प्रापयितार एव सन्तः दधिध्वे धारयथ धारयध्वे वा । देवार्थहविराद्युत्पादनाय वृष्टिं कुरुथेत्यर्थः । यस्मादेवं कुरुथ तस्मात् वः युष्मान् अर्वाचः अस्मदभिमुखान् आ ववृत्याम् आवर्तयामि । किमर्थम् । रोदस्योः द्यावापृथिव्योः महे महते अवसे रक्षणाय प्रीणनाय वा । तदपि किमर्थमिति । सुविताय सुष्ठु व्याप्ताय। कैः साधनैः। सुवृक्तिभिः शोभनावर्जनैः स्तोत्रैः ॥

English translation:

“Maruts, at every sacrifice your alacrity is uniform; you, verily, discharge your every function for the benefit of the gods; therefore, do I invite you to come hither, by sacred hymns, for (the sake of) your powerful protection of heaven and earth, and your benevolent praise.”

With sacrifice after sacrifice to you (performed always) in the same way (am I) victorious. Thought after thought have you received, as they
travel to you, the gods.
With well-twisted (hymns) might I turn you our direction, for the welfare of the two world-halves, for great help.

Geldner takes b as parenthetical. Although I agree that the 1st sg. subject of cd is also the subj. of pāda a, I think it less awkward to take pāda a as a nominal sentence, given the sheer amount of material that intervenes between it and the verb in d, vavṛtyām.

tuturváṇi- is a hapax, but it can hardly be anything but a pleonastically+++(=redundant)+++ redupl.

form of turváṇi- (8x)(though it should be admitted that this latter stem is used only of gods). The redupl. form is sometimes credited with a desiderative sense (‘zu erlangen strebend’ versus turváṇi- ‘siegreich’, etc.: Grassmann; ‘zu gewinnen strebend’ versus turváṇi- ‘überwältigend’: AiG II.2.906, reproduced in EWA s.v. TŪRV; ‘cherche à l’emporter’: Renou), but I see no contextual or morphological justification for this.

Witzel Gotō’s iterative/repetitive “immer wieder überwältigend” is probably closer to the mark, and it would fit with the repetitive ritual actions indicated by the āmreḍitas yajñā́-yajñā and dhíyam-dhiyam. I would be inclined to emend the published translation to “(am I) ever victorious” or “continually victorious.” I do not understand Geldner’s ‘zuvorkommend’.

The position of u in b is somewhat surprising. Klein (DGRV II.10 n. 16) groups it with a set of passages in which u appears as the penultimate word (or “word”) in its pāda after -ā and classifies it here as “expletive,” whatever that is meant to convey. Closest in configuration is VII.68.4 … devayā́u ádriḥ#.

The standard (and I think correct) interpr. of devayā́(ḥ) here is that it is fem.

pl., agreeing with the implicit plurality of the (sg.) āmreḍita dhíyaṃ-dhiyam – an interesting syntactic constructio ad sensum.

SWIFT gain is his who hath you near at every rite: ye welcome every song of him who serves the Gods.
So may I turn you hither with fair hymns of praise to give great succour for the weal of both the worlds.

Mit jedem Opfer für euch ein wie alle Male den anderen zuvorkommend - ihr habt die zu den Göttern gehenden Gedanken an euch, Gedanken um Gedanken, eingegeben - möchte ich euch herlenken zum Wohlergehen beider Welten, zu großer Gunst mit Lobliedern.

Durch stetes Opfer möcht’ ich euch gewinnen recht, Gebet, das zu euch Göttern dringt, empfangt ihr gern; Durch Lieder möchte ich zum Heil der Welten euch zu grosser Hülfe nahe wenden her zu mir.

Каждой жертвой для вас стремясь также превзойти (соперников) –
А вы принимали на свой счет каждую мысль, идущую к богам –
Гимнами я хотел бы обратить вас сюда,
На благо двух миров, на великую помощь!

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

अब एकसौ अरसठवें सूक्त का आरम्भ है। उसके आरम्भ में पवन के दृष्टान्त से सज्जनों के गुणों का वर्णन करते हैं ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वानो ! जैसे (देवयाः) दिव्य गुणों को जो प्राप्त होते वे प्राण वायु (वः) तुम्हारे (धियंधियम्) काम-काम को धारण करते वैसे (उ) ही तुम उनको (दधिध्वे) धारण करो। जैसे उन पवनों की (यज्ञायज्ञा) यज्ञ-यज्ञ में और (समना) समान व्यवहारों में (तुतुर्वणिः) शीघ्र गति है वैसे (वः) तुम्हारी गति हो जैसे हम लोग (रोदस्योः) आकाश और पृथिवी सम्बन्धी (सुविताय) ऐश्वर्य के लिये और (महे) अत्यन्त (अवसे) रक्षा के लिये (वः) तुम्हारे (सुवृक्तिभिः) सुन्दर त्यागों के साथ (अर्वाचः) नीचे आने-जानेवाले पवनों को (आ, ववृत्याम्) अच्छे वर्त्ताने के लिये चाहते हैं वैसे तुम चाहो ॥ १ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जैसे पवन नियम से अनेकविध गतिमान् होकर विश्व का धारण करते हैं, वैसे विद्वान् जन विद्या और उत्तम शिक्षायुक्त होकर विद्यार्थियों को धारण करें, जिससे असंख्य ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त हों ॥ १ ॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो यथा देवयाः प्राणा वो धियंधियं दधति तथा उ यूयं तान् दधिध्वे। यथा तेषां यज्ञायज्ञा समना तुतुर्वणिरस्ति तथा वोऽस्तु। यथा वयं रोदस्योः सुविताय महेऽवसे वः सुवृक्तिभिरर्वाचो वायूनाववृत्यामिच्छामस्तथा यूयमिच्छथ ॥ १ ॥

अथ वायुदृष्टान्तेन सज्जनगुणानाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यज्ञायज्ञा) यज्ञेयज्ञे (वः) युष्माकम् (समना) तुल्ये (तुतुर्वणिः) शीघ्रगतिः (धियंधियम्) कर्मकर्म (वः) युष्माकम् (देवयाः) ये देवान् दिव्यान् गुणान् यान्ति ते (उ) (दधिध्वे) (आ) (वः) युष्माकम् (अर्वाचः) (सुविताय) ऐश्वर्याय (रोदस्योः) (महे) (ववृत्याम्) (अवसे) (सुवृक्तिभिः) सुष्ठुवर्जनैस्सह ॥ १ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः। यथा वायवो नियमेनाऽनेकविधगतयो भूत्वा विश्वं धरन्ति तथा विद्वांसो विद्याशिक्षायुक्ता भूत्वा विद्यार्थिनो धरन्तु। येनाऽसंख्यैश्वर्य्यं प्राप्तं स्यात् ॥ १ ॥

या सूक्तात वायूच्या दृष्टान्ताने विद्वानांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे याच्या अर्थाची मागील सूक्ताच्या अर्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी. ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जसे वायू अनेक प्रकारे गतिमान बनून विश्वाला धारण करतात तसे विद्वान लोकांनी विद्या व उत्तम शिक्षणाने विद्यार्थ्यांना धारण करावे. ज्यामुळे असंख्य ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त व्हावे. ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

वव्रा᳓सो न᳓ ये᳓ सुअजाः᳓ स्व᳓तवस
इ᳓षं सु᳓वर् अभिजा᳓यन्त धू᳓तयः
सहस्रि᳓यासो अपां᳐᳓ न᳓ ऊर्म᳓य
आसा᳓ गा᳓वो व᳓न्दियासो न᳓ उक्ष᳓णः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ná ← ná (invariable)

svajā́ḥ ← svajā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

svátavasaḥ ← svátavas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vavrā́saḥ ← vavrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

abhijā́yanta ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dhū́tayaḥ ← dhū́ti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

apā́m ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sahasríyāsaḥ ← sahasríya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ūrmáyaḥ ← ūrmí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

āsā́ ← ā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ukṣáṇaḥ ← ukṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vándyāsaḥ ← vándya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

व॒व्रासः॑ । न । ये । स्व॒ऽजाः । स्वऽत॑वसः । इष॑म् । स्वः॑ । अ॒भि॒ऽजाय॑न्त । धूत॑यः ।
स॒ह॒स्रिया॑सः । अ॒पाम् । न । ऊ॒र्मयः॑ । आ॒सा । गावः॑ । वन्द्या॑सः । न । उ॒क्षणः॑ ॥

• vavrāso ← vavrāsaḥ ← vavra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• svajāḥ ← sva
• [noun]
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• svajāḥ ← jāḥ ← ja
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “produced; caused; born; located; growing; descended from; consisting of; ja [word]; living; written; flourishing.”

• svatavasa ← sva
• [noun]
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• svatavasa ← tavasaḥ ← tavas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “strong; energetic.”

• iṣaṃ ← iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• abhijāyanta ← abhijan ← √jan
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “be born; originate; become.”

• dhūtayaḥ ← dhūti
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut.”

• sahasriyāso ← sahasriyāsaḥ ← sahasriya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “thousandfold.”

• apāṃ ← apām ← ap
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• normaya ← nā ← na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• normaya ← ūrmayaḥ ← ūrmi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “wave; billow.”

• āsā ← ās
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “mouth.”

• gāvo ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• vandyāso ← vandyāsaḥ ← vand
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “worship; laud.”

• nokṣaṇaḥ ← nā ← na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• nokṣaṇaḥ ← ukṣaṇaḥ ← ukṣan
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “bull; ukṣan [word].”

ये मरुतः वव्रासो न । वव्रिरिति रूपनाम । रूपवन्त इव । ते यथा प्रकृष्टा लक्ष्यन्ते तद्वत् । यद्वा । अरूपा अपि सरूपा इव । स्वजाः स्वयमेव स्वस्मात् वा जायमानाः । अनन्यहेतुकाः इत्यर्थः। धूतयः कम्पनशीलाः सन्ति ते इषम् अन्नं हविर्लक्षणमन्नसाधनं सस्यादिकं वा स्वः स्वर्गं च अभिजायन्त अभिलक्ष्य प्रादुर्भवन्ति । ते दृष्टान्तमुखेन श्रूयन्ते । अपां नोर्मयः उदकानामूर्मय इव सहस्रियासः सहस्रसंमिताः तथा वन्द्यासः बहुक्षीरादिप्रदतवेन स्तुत्याः गावः न गाव इव आसा समीपे एव उक्षणः वृष्ट्युदकस्य सेक्तारः । तादृशा मरुतः प्रादुर्भवन्तीत्यन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“They who are as if embodied, self-born, self-invigorated, and (ever) tremulous (in movement), are genitive rated (to confer) abundant food and heaven; they are numerous as the undulations of the waters; they are to be praised when present, shedding water, like cows (yielding milk).”

They who, self-produced like fissures, self-strong, were born to
refreshment, to sun(light)—the shakers—
numbering in thousands like the waves of the waters, to be extolled
[/*bound?] by the mouth like cows, like oxen.

For the image in pāda a see the published introduction.

The point of the simile in the final pāda is somewhat obscure. The frame – “to be extolled by the mouth” (āsā́… vándyāsaḥ) – is unimpeachable, referring to the poet’s oral praise, but why would gods be compared to cows and/or oxen for this quality? Surely the Maruts are inherently more praiseworthy than cows! Geldner suggests that it’s like the praise of bovines at work (like the horses in I.27.1, though this passage does not seem similar); Witzel Gotō tr. “(sie sind) die Kühe mit dem Mund, wie die zu lobenden Jungstiere” and suggest that such cows are esp. sichtlich. This interpr.

loses the connection with the poet’s praise “by mouth” and, at least to me, doesn’t make much sense as a way to refer to particularly visible cows. I suggest that there’s an imperfect pun here on vándya-, which is phonologically close to bándhya- ‘to be bound’ (not found in the RV or, acdg. to Wh Rts, till epic, but easy enough to generate, and the stem occurs in the name of the anūbandhyā cow, a fixture in śrauta ritual, already in the BYV Saṃhitās). The simile would then pivot on the verbal pun, not on the visual image, with “by mouth” used in two different senses with vándyaand *bandhya-. In the latter case, it evokes a halter, the assemblage of straps that go behind the animal’s ears, across the jaws, and around the muzzle, to enable it to be led. The “bound” image adds another layer of meaning to the verse, suggesting under the surface that we can exert control over the Maruts, bind them to us, by praising them.

One small issue is whether gā́vaḥ … ukṣánaḥ is a single compound NP or two different entities. Geldner suggests the possibility of the former in his n. 2d, though his tr.

does not reflect it. The position of the simile particle would be slightly better if this were the case, though my tr. doesn’t reflect it either, mostly because “bovine oxen” doesn’t work well in English – or probably in Sanskrit.

Surrounding, as it were, self-born, self-powerful, they spring to life the shakers-down of food and light;
Like as the countess undulations of the floods, worthy of praise when near, like bullocks and like kine.

Von selbst entstanden wie die Erdschlünde, selbststark wurden die Schüttler zu Labsal und Sonnenlicht geboren, wie die tausendfachen Wogen der Gewässer, mit dem Munde zu loben wie die Rinder, die Stiere.

Die Quellen gleich aus eigner Kraft entsprungen sind, die stürmenden erzeugt zu Lust und Himmelsglanz; Zu tausenden hinströmend Wasserwellen gleich, die rühmenswerthen kräft’gen Stieren gleich zu schaun,

Самозародившиеся, словно расселины, сильные сами собой
Сотрясатели родились для подкрепления и солнечного света.
Они достойны прославления устами (поэта),
Как тысячи волн на водах, как коровы, как быки.

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

सो᳓मासो न᳓ ये᳓ सुता᳓स् तृप्त᳓अंशवो
हृत्सु᳓ पीता᳓सो दुव᳓सो न᳓ आ᳓सते
अइ᳓षाम् अं᳓सेषु रम्भि᳓णीव रारभे
ह᳓स्तेषु खादि᳓श् च कृति᳓श् च सं᳓ दधे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ná ← ná (invariable)

sómāsaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sutā́ḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

tr̥ptā́ṁśavaḥ ← tr̥ptā́ṁśu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

ā́sate ← √ās- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

duvásaḥ ← duvás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

hr̥tsú ← hā́rdi ~ hr̥d- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

pītā́saḥ ← √pā- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áṁseṣu ← áṁsa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

rambhíṇī ← rambhín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

rārabhe ← √rabh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

ca ← ca (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

dadhe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

hásteṣu ← hásta- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

khādíḥ ← khādí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥tíḥ ← kr̥tí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sám ← sám (invariable)

सोमा॑सः । न । ये । सु॒ताः । तृ॒प्तऽअं॑शवः । हृ॒त्ऽसु । पी॒तासः॑ । दु॒वसः॑ । न । आस॑ते ।
आ । ए॒षा॒म् । अंसे॑षु । र॒म्भिणी॑ऽइव । र॒र॒भे॒ । हस्ते॑षु । खा॒दिः । च॒ । कृ॒तिः । च॒ । सम् । द॒धे॒ ॥

• somāso ← somāsaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• sutās ← sutāḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “press out; su.”

• tṛptāṃśavo ← tṛpta ← tṛp
• [verb noun]
• “satiate; enjoy; delight.”

• tṛptāṃśavo ← aṃśavaḥ ← aṃśu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• hṛtsu ← hṛd
• [noun], locative, plural
• “heart; heart; mind; breast; hṛd [word].”

• pītāso ← pītāsaḥ ← pā
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• duvaso ← duvasaḥ ← duvas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• nāsate ← nā ← na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• nāsate ← āsate ← ās
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sit; stay; sit down; dwell; lie; lie; exist.”

• aiṣām ← ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• aiṣām ← eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• aṃseṣu ← aṃsa
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “shoulder; aṃsa [word].”

• rambhiṇīva ← rambhiṇī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• rambhiṇīva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• rārabhe ← rabh
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “clasp.”

• hasteṣu ← hasta
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “hand; hand; proboscis; hasta [word]; autograph.”

• khādiś ← khādiḥ ← khādi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “ring.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• kṛtiś ← kṛtiḥ ← kṛti
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• dadhe ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

ये मरुतः सुताः अभिषुताः तृप्तांशवः तर्पितावयवाः सोमासो न सोमा इव । यथा वल्लीरूपाः सोमा अभिषवात्पूर्वमाप्यायनेन तृप्तावयवाः सन्तः पश्चात् सुताः अभिषुताः रसभूताः पीतासः पीताः सन्तः हृत्सु पातॄणां हृदयेषु दुवसो न आसते परिचरन्त इवासते तद्वत् ये मरुतो यज्ञे आहूतास्तृप्तावयवा भवन्ति ध्यायमानाः सन्तो हृत्सु हृदयेषु दुवसो न परिचरन्त इवासते । यद्वा । प्राणादिरूपेण शरीरे स्थिताः दुवसः परिचरन्त इव गमनादिचेष्टाः कुर्वन्त आसते । एषामंसेषु रम्भिणीव युवतमांसालम्बिनी योषिदिव आ रारभे आरेभे आश्लिष्यति । अवलम्बने सामर्थ्यात् शक्त्याख्यायुधविशेषो भुजलक्ष्मीर्वा । किंच हस्तेषु खादिः हस्तत्राणकः च कृतिः कर्तनी च खड्गलताष्टिश्च सं दधे संधीयते सम्यग्धृता भवति । परस्परसमुच्चयार्थाश्चकाराः । ये मरुतः उक्तरूपाः ते आविर्भवन्तीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“They, who are like the Soma, with well-nourished shoots, and then poured out (in libations), are imbibed; they abide, like devoted adherents, in the hearts (of men); upon their shoulders hangs (a lance) like a youthful feminine le, and in their hands a guard and sword are wielded.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With well-nourished shoots: tṛptāṃśavaḥ = tṛptāvayavaḥ, having satisfied or well-nourished limbs; hangs (lance): what is suspended on the shoulders of the Maruts is not specified; the suggestion is, either a lance, śakti or the beuty of the arms, bhujalakṣmī

They who, like soma drinks, pressed when their stalks are satiated, once they have been drunk, sit in the hearts like friends—
on their shoulders (a spear) clings tight like a clinging woman; in their hands both bangle and dagger are placed together.

ihéva śrṇ̥ va eṣāṃ, káśā hásteṣu …, the Maruts do have a whip, so an alternative tr. could be “spur them on with your own breath as whip” or “spur them on by yourselves with a whip.” The use of tmánā with a clearly marked simile in 5b may lend support to my interpr. of káśayā as an unmarked simile here.

The qualifier “dustless” (aréṇavaḥ), in combination with codata ‘spur on’ (b) and acucyavuḥ ‘have made stir’ (c), evokes the common notion that dust gets stirred up by violent activity (see, e.g., I.56.4=IV.17.13, IV.42.5). It is thus a paradox: although the Maruts set many things in motion, they themselves remain unaffected by this movement and therefore dustless.

They who, like Somas with their well-grown stalks pressed out, imbibed within the heart, dwell there in friendly wise.
Upon their shoulders rests as ’twere a warrior’s spear and in their hand they hold a dagger and a ring.

Die wie die ausgepreßten Somatränke aus gesättigten Stengeln, wenn sie getrunken sind, im Herzen weilen die Günstlinge - auf ihren Schultern lehnt sich die Lanze wie eine Frau, die sich anlehnt. In Ihren Händen sind Spange und Schwert vereinigt.

Den Somasäften gleichen sie, den kräftigen, die eingeschlürft sich regen, nimmer wirkungslos, An ihre Schultern lehnt sich eine Lanze wohl, in ihren Händen halten Spange sie und Dolch.

(Те,) что подобны сокам сомы, выжатым из стеблей, насыщенных (влагой),
Пребывающим внутри, когда их выпьют, словно любимцы…
К плечам их прильнула (пика,) словно прильнувшая женщина
В их руках соединились пряжка и нож.

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• स्वराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

अ᳓व स्व᳓युक्ता दिव᳓ आ᳓ वृ᳓था ययुर्
अ᳓मर्तियाः क᳓शया चोदत त्म᳓ना
अरेण᳓वस् तुविजाता᳓ अचुच्यवुर्
दॄळ्हा᳓नि+ चिन् मरु᳓तो भ्रा᳓जदृष्टयः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áva ← áva (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

sváyuktāḥ ← sváyukta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)

yayuḥ ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ámartyāḥ ← ámartya- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

codata ← √cud- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

káśayā ← káśā- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

tmánā ← tmán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

acucyavuḥ ← √cyu- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

areṇávaḥ ← areṇú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tuvijātā́ḥ ← tuvijātá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

bhrā́jadr̥ṣṭayaḥ ← bhrā́jadr̥ṣṭi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

cit ← cit (invariable)

dr̥ḷhā́ni ← √dr̥h- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

marútaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

अव॑ । स्वऽयु॑क्ताः । दि॒वः । आ । वृथा॑ । य॒युः॒ । अम॑र्त्याः । कश॑या । चो॒द॒त॒ । त्मना॑ ।
अ॒रे॒णवः॑ । तु॒वि॒ऽजा॒ताः । अ॒चु॒च्य॒वुः॒ । दृ॒ळ्हानि॑ । चि॒त् । म॒रुतः॑ । भ्राज॑त्ऽऋष्टयः ॥

• ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• svayuktā ← sva
• [noun]
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• svayuktā ← yuktāḥ ← yuj
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• diva ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• yayur ← yayuḥ ← yā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• amartyāḥ ← amartya
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “immortal.”

• kaśayā ← kaśā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “whip.”

• codata ← cud
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “urge; rush.”

• tmanā ← tman
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “self.”

• areṇavas ← areṇavaḥ ← areṇu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “clean.”

• tuvijātā ← tuvi
• [noun]
• “mighty; very; diverse; much(a); many.”

• tuvijātā ← jātāḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• acucyavur ← acucyavuḥ ← cyu
• [verb], plural, Plusquamperfect
• “fall down; issue; shoot; ejaculate; deviate; banish; drop; dislodge; miss; deprive.”

• dṛﾱhāni ← dṛḍha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”

• cin ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• bhrājadṛṣṭayaḥ ← bhrājat ← bhrāj
• [verb noun]
• “shine; glitter; look.”

• bhrājadṛṣṭayaḥ ← ṛṣṭayaḥ ← ṛṣṭi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “spear.”

एते मरुतः स्वयुक्ताः स्वैर्युक्ताः परस्परं संयुक्ताः स्वेन धनेन वा युक्ताः सन्तः दिवः द्युलोकात् वृथा अनायासेन अव आ ययुः अवाङ्मुखमागच्छन्ति । हे अमर्त्याः मरुतः यूयं त्मना आत्मना स्वयमेव कशया । वाङ्नामैतत् । वाचा स्तुतिरूपया चोदत प्रेरयत । स्तोतुमिति शेषः । ते च मरुतः अरेणवः अपापाः तुविजाताः बहुयज्ञेषु प्रादुर्भूताः भ्राजदृष्टयः दीप्ताः एवंभूताः सन्तः दृळ्हानि चित् दृढान्यपि पर्वतानि अचुच्यवुः च्यावयन्ति चालयन्ति ॥

English translation:

“Mutually supported, they descend readily from the sky; immortal Maruts, animate us by your own words (to praise you); exempt from toil, present at many (sacrifices), brilliant-eyed, the Maruts ahve shaken the firmest mountains.”

Self-yoked, (their horses) have driven down from heaven at will. Spur (them) on with your own breath, (as if) with a whip, you immortals.
Dustless, powerfully born, the Maruts with their glinting spears make even the fixed places stir.

I supply ‘horses’ as subj. of a and obj. of b. Geldner (/Witzel Gotō) take codata in b as intransitive/absolute/reflexive [it is somewhat difficult to tell from the tr.] ‘treibt selbst … an’, but this verb otherwise takes an obj., and if it were reflexive we would expect middle voice. Renou supplies the same obj. as I do.

I interpr. tmánā in its full lexical sense ‘with breath’, as sometimes elsewhere (see also 5b). The “breath” of the Maruts would of course be the storm winds.

However, it is certainly possible that it simply means ‘by yourselves’, as in the standard interpr. I then take káśayā as an implied simile matching tmánā, since the whip is not usually associated with the Maruts, but with the Aśvins. However, in

Self-yoked they have descended lightly from the sky. With your own lash, Immortals, urge yourselves to speed.
Unstained by dust the Maruts, mighty in their strength, have cast down e’en firm things, armed with their shining spears.

Die selbstgeschirrten Gespanne sind ausgelassen vom Himmel herabgekommen. Treibt selbst mit der Peitsche an, ihr Unsterbliche! Staublos, von starker Art haben die Marut sogar das Feste erschüttert, die mit den blinkenden Speeren.

Vom Himmel kamen selbstgereicht im Tanze sie; mit Peitschen treibt, unsterbliche, die Fahrt euch an; Die allgewalt’ge, unbestäubte Marutschar Mit blankem Speer erschütterte das feste auch.

(Их) самозапрягающиеся (упряжки) спустились с неба по (своему) обычаю
О бессмертные, кнутом сами подстегните (коней)!
Не поднимающие пыли, рожденные силой Маруты
Со сверкающими копьями сотрясли даже твердыни.

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

को᳓ वो अन्त᳓र् मरुत ऋष्टिविद्युतो
रे᳓जति त्म᳓ना ह᳓नुवेव जिह्व᳓या
धनुअच्यु᳓त इषां᳐᳓ न᳓ या᳓मनि
पुरुप्रइ᳓षा अहनि᳓यो न᳓ ए᳓तशः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
antár ← antár (invariable)

káḥ ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

r̥ṣṭividyutaḥ ← r̥ṣṭívidyut- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

hánvā ← hánu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

jihváyā ← jihvā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

réjati ← √rej- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tmánā ← tmán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

dhanvacyútaḥ ← dhanvacyút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

iṣā́m ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

yā́mani ← yā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

ahanyàḥ ← ahanyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

étaśaḥ ← étaśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

purupraíṣāḥ ← purupraíṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

कः । वः॒ । अ॒न्तः । म॒रु॒तः॒ । ऋ॒ष्टि॒ऽवि॒द्यु॒तः॒ । रेज॑ति । त्मना॑ । हन्वा॑ऽइव । जि॒ह्वया॑ ।
ध॒न्व॒ऽच्युतः॑ । इ॒षाम् । न । याम॑नि । पु॒रु॒ऽप्रैषाः॑ । अ॒ह॒न्यः॑ । न । एत॑शः ॥

• ko ← kaḥ ← ka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• ’ntar ← antar
• [adverb]
• “inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

• maruta ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ṛṣṭividyuto ← ṛṣṭi
• [noun], feminine
• “spear.”

• ṛṣṭividyuto ← vidyutaḥ ← vidyut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “lightning; Vidyut; thunderbolt.”

• rejati ← rej
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “tremor; flicker.”

• tmanā ← tman
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “self.”

• hanveva ← hanvā ← hanu
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “jaw.”

• hanveva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• jihvayā ← jihvā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”

• dhanvacyuta ← dhanva ← dhanvan
• [noun], neuter
• “bow; desert; steppe; barren.”

• dhanvacyuta ← cyutaḥ ← cyut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “shaking; dropping.”

• iṣāṃ ← iṣām ← iṣ
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yāmani ← yāman
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “expedition; path; expedition; arrival.”

• purupraiṣā ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• purupraiṣā ← praiṣāḥ ← praiṣa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “order; invitation.”

• ahanyo ← ahanyaḥ ← ahanya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “daily.”

• naitaśaḥ ← nā ← na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• naitaśaḥ ← etaśaḥ ← etaśa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Etaśa; horse.”

हे मरुतः हे ऋष्टिविद्युतः मेघभेदनायुधविशेषेण विद्योतमानाः युष्माकम् अन्तः युष्मासु मध्ये स्थित्वा कः पुमान् रेजति चालयति प्रेरयति । तर्हि कथं चालनमिति उच्यते । त्मना आत्मनैव । चालने दृष्टान्तः । जिह्वया हन्वेव ॥ द्विवचनस्य आकारः ॥ हनू इव । तौ यथा रसनया चाल्येते तद्वत् । यद्यप्येवं तथापि इषाम् अन्नानां तत्साधनानां सस्यानां यामनि प्राप्तौ समृद्ध्यर्थं धन्वच्युतः न । धन्वञ्छब्दोऽन्तरिक्षस्य वचनः । तेन तत्स्थमुदकं लक्ष्यते । उदकस्राविणो मेघा इव । ते यथा आकाङ्क्ष्यन्ते तथा युष्मान् अन्नादिप्राप्तये पुरुप्रैषाः बहुविधं फलमिच्छन् यजमानः स्तोत्रैर्बहुप्रकारमाकारयतीत्यर्थः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । अहन्यः अह्नि भवः एतशः न अश्व इव । स यथा शिक्षकेण नानाप्रकारं प्राप्यते तद्वत् ॥ ॥ ६ ॥

English translation:

“Maruts, lightning-armed, who, (standing) amongst you, sets you of yourselves in motion, as the jaws are (set in motion) by the tongue; as falling rains(are essential) for the obtaining of food, so (those, desirous of sustenance), excite you in various ways, like a horse in (his) daily (training).”

O you Maruts with lightning as your spears, who is the one among you who sets (the fixed places) to quivering by your own breath, like someone with his tongue quivering between his jaws?
(You) who stir up the wastelands on your journey as if stirring
refreshments [=rain], who propel many, like Etaśa [=Sun’s horse] on his daily round.

Another vs. displaying Agastya’s tricky manipulation of double readings.

The standard tr. (but cf. Scarlatta. 127) take vaḥ as the obj. of réjati (“who sets you atremble?”), but this seems semantically unlikely to me. The Maruts are always the initiators and causers of violent motion, as is esp. emphasized in these vss. (4-6); no one external to them is likely to have the power to make them tremble. (This seems to be implicitly recognized in Renou’s supplied modal: “qui (donc pourrait) vous faire trembler au dedans …?”) I instead construe vaḥ with antár (“among you”). The question “who among you?” is a variant on the occasional rhetorical attempt to differentiate among the Maruts. Geldner (/Witzel Gotō) and Renou take the antár as the locus of the Maruts’ trembling (“within”; see Renou’s tr. cited above). Rather than taking vaḥ as the obj. of the verb, I supply dṛḷhā́ni ‘fixed places’ from 4d as obj. of réjati; dhánva, extracted from the cmpd. dhanvacyútaḥ in c would be equally possible. Scarlatta’s (127) tr. is similar to mine, but he takes réjati as absolute (“Wer aus eurer Mitte … bewirkt … das Beben …”). This is also possible. Scarlatta also takes tmánā as “durch seinen Hauch” as I do, contra the standard reflexive interpr.

The simile shows (or implies) a different syntactic configuration from the frame, as Geldner also points out (n. 5b), reflected also in Renou’s tr. Although the frame has a transitive verb réjati (possibly, with Scarlatta, in absolute usage), the simile assumes an intransitive form of the same verb stem; cf., e.g., III.31.3 agnír jajñe juhvā̀ réjamānaḥ “Agni was born quivering with his tongue,” with the tongue as here. I read antár also with the simile (so also Geldner), governing hánvā, interpreted as dual (du.

also Oldenberg, Geldner, Renou; Witzel Gotō take as instr. sg., which is morphologically more satisfying but produces an image that makes no sense to me).

The third pāda continues Agastya’s crafty syntactic slippage between simile and frame. I take the gen. pl. iṣā́m as parallel to the 1st cmpd member dhanva- in dhanva-cyút- ‘stirring the wastelands, stirrer of the wastelands’. The simile would then be an analytic (i.e., de-compounded) *iṣā́ṃ cyút- ‘stirrer of refreshments’ parallel to the synthetic rt. noun cmpd. dhanva-cyút-. ‘Refreshments’ here probably refer to rain. For the root √cyu in this sense, see V.53.6 diváḥ kóśam ácucyavuḥ “The [=Maruts] have stirred the bucket of heaven,” and for íṣ- as rain, e.g., V.68.5 vṛṣṭídyāvā rītyā̀pā, iṣás pátī … (of Mitra and Varuṇa as lords of rain). This analysis allows the loc. yā́mani (like more common yā́man) to refer as usual to the Maruts’ journey. Geldner (/Witzel Gotō) and Scarlatta take yā́mani as part of the simile, resulting in a very unlikely image: Geldner “wie bei der Ankunft der Speisen,” with the shaking produced by the Maruts compared to that produced by a herd of cattle or by the wagons bringing in the harvest! (Renou’s rendering is close to mine.) The point of the last pāda is probably that the Maruts set many in motion, just as the Sun (or in this case, his stand-in, the Sun’s horse) sends people to their tasks on his daily appearance. The common property between simile and frame is purupraíṣa-. Although in I.145.3 praíṣa- in this cmpd seems to have the technical sense ‘ritual command’ common in later Vedic, I do not see that sense here, since neither the Maruts nor Etaśa issues such commands. Renou unaccountably takes the second member as passive: “vous qui êtes multiplement incités.”

Who among you, O Maruts armed with lightning-spears, moveth you by himself, as with the tongue his jaws?
Ye rush from heaven’s floor as though ye sought for food, on many errands like the Sun’s diurnal Steed.

Wer macht euch selbst, ihr speerblitzenden Marut, im Innern erzittern wie mit der Zunge zwischen den Kinnbacken? Die das feste Land erschüttern wie bei Ankunft der Speisen, viel befehlend täglich erscheinend wie Etasa.

Wer unter euch, o Maruts, speererglänzende, bewegt euch recht wie Backen, wenn die Zunge schlürft? Den Boden stampft ihr, wenn ihr zu den Tränken eilt, weithingebietend wie des Tages Sonnenross.

О Маруты с копьями-молниями, кто заставляет вас самих внутри
Дрожать, подобно языку между двух челюстей?
(О Маруты,) сотрясающие твердую землю при выезде, подобно тому как (разбрызгивают) жертвенные напитки,
Подстегиваемые неоднократно, как Эташа, каждый день…

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहा है ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (पुरुप्रैषाः) बहुतों से प्रेरणा को प्राप्त (ऋष्टिविद्युतः) ऋष्टि-द्विधारा खड्ग को बिजुली के समान तीव्र रखनेवाले (मरुतः) विद्वानो ! (वः) तुम्हारे (अन्तः) बीच में (कः) कौन (रेजति) कम्पता है और (जिह्वया) वाणी से (हन्वेव) कनफटी जैसे डुलाई जावें वैसे (त्मना) अपने से कौन तुम्हारे बीच में कम्पता है (इषाम्) और इच्छाओं के सम्बन्ध में (धन्वच्युतः) अन्तरिक्ष में प्राप्त मेघों के (न) समान वा (अहन्यः) दिन में प्रसिद्ध होनेवाले (एतशः) घोड़े के (न) समान (यामनि) मार्ग में तुम लोगों को कौन संयुक्त करता है ॥ ५ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जब जिज्ञासु जन विद्वानों के प्रति पूछें तब विद्वान् जन इनके लिये यथार्थ उत्तर देवें ॥ ५ ॥

अन्वय: हे पुरुप्रैषा ऋष्टिविद्युतो मरुतो वोऽन्तः को रेजति। जिह्वया हन्वेव त्मना को वोऽन्ता रेजति। इषां धन्वच्युतो मेधा नाहन्य एतशो न यामनि युष्मान् कः संयुनक्ति ॥ ५ ॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कः) (वः) युष्माकम् (अन्तः) मध्ये (मरुतः) विद्वांसः (ऋष्टिविद्युतः) ऋष्टिर्विद्युदिव येषान्ते (रेजति) कम्पते (त्मना) आत्मना (हन्वेव) यथा हनू तथा (जिह्वया) वाचा (धन्वच्युतः) धन्वनोऽन्तरिक्षाच्च्युताः प्राप्ताः (इषाम्) इच्छानाम् (न) इव (यामनि) मार्गे (पुरुप्रैषाः) बहुभिः प्रेरिताः (अहन्यः) अहनि भवः (न) इव (एतशः) अश्वः। एतश इत्यश्वना०। निघं० १। १४। ॥ ५ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। यदा जिज्ञासवो विदुषः प्रति पृच्छेयुस्तदा विद्वांस एभ्यो याथातथ्यमुत्तराणि दद्युः ॥ ५ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जेव्हा जिज्ञासू लोक विद्वानांना प्रश्न विचारतात तेव्हा विद्वानांनी त्याचे यथार्थ उत्तर द्यावे. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

कु᳓व स्विद् अस्य᳓ र᳓जसो मह᳓स् प᳓रं
कुवा᳓वरम् मरुतो य᳓स्मिन् आयय᳓
य᳓च् च्याव᳓यथ विथुरे᳓व सं᳓हितं
वि᳓ अ᳓द्रिणा पतथ त्वेष᳓म् अर्णव᳓म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asyá ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

kvà ← kvà (invariable)

maháḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

páram ← pára- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

rájasaḥ ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

svit ← svit (invariable)

ávaram ← ávara- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

āyayá ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

kvà ← kvà (invariable)

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

yásmin ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

cyāváyatha ← √cyu- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

sáṁhitam ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

vithurā́ ← vithurá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ádriṇā ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

arṇavám ← arṇavá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

patatha ← √pat- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tveṣám ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

क्व॑ । स्वि॒त् । अ॒स्य । रज॑सः । म॒हः । पर॑म् । क्व॑ । अव॑रम् । म॒रु॒तः॒ । यस्मि॑न् । आ॒ऽय॒य ।
यत् । च्य॒वय॑थ । वि॒थु॒राऽइ॑व । सम्ऽहि॑तम् । वि । अद्रि॑णा । प॒त॒थ॒ । त्वे॒षम् । अ॒र्ण॒वम् ॥

• kva
• [adverb]
• “wherein; how; kva [word].”

• svid
• [adverb]
• “svid [word].”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• rajaso ← rajasaḥ ← rajas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• mahas ← mahaḥ ← mah
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• paraṃ ← param ← para
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “best; other; following; devoted(p); extreme; highest; otherwordly; better; hostile; maximal; distant; another(a); para [word]; upper; concluding; foreign; earlier; worse; longer; finest; excessive.”

• kvāvaram ← kva
• [adverb]
• “wherein; how; kva [word].”

• kvāvaram ← avaram ← avara
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “worst; avara [word]; lower; nearer; base; short; low; abject; later(a); worse; antecedent.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• yasminn ← yasmin ← yad
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• āyaya ← āyā ← √yā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “enter (a state); come; transform; approach; arrive; reach; enter.”

• yac ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• cyāvayatha ← cyāvay ← √cyu
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “chase away; remove; move.”

• vithureva ← vithurā ← vithura
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “weak.”

• vithureva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• saṃhitaṃ ← saṃhitam ← saṃdhā ← √dhā
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “connect; refer; aim; grow together; compress; ally; unite; operate on.”

• vy ← vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• adriṇā ← adri
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• patatha ← pat
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “fall down; drop; fly; issue; fall; fall; decay; hang down; banish; throw; lodge; disappear.”

• tveṣam ← tveṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

• arṇavam ← arṇava
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wave; flood.”

हे मरुतः यूयं यस्मिन् उदके निमित्तभूते सति आयय आगच्छत अस्य रजसः वृष्ट्युदकस्य लोकस्य वा महः महतः परं पारमन्तं क्व स्वित् । कुत्रास्तीति । नास्तीत्यर्थः । तथा अवरम् अवाङ्भागः आदिश्च क्व स्वित् । कुत्रास्ति । आद्यन्तं न कोऽपि जानातीत्यर्थः । यत् यदा यूयं विथुरेव विथुराणि शिथिलानि तृणानीव संहितम् एकभूतमुदकं च्यावयथ स्वस्थानात् चालयथ तदा अद्रिणा वज्रेण त्वेषं दीप्तम् अर्णवम् उदकवन्तं मेघं वि पतथ विशीर्णं पातयथ ॥।

English translation:

“Where, Maruts, is the limit of the vast region (whence you come); where is the beginning of that to which you proceed; when you scatter the dense vapour like light grass, and hurl down the brilliant rain-cloud by the thunderbolt.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The limit of the vast region: rajaso mahasparam = the limit of the rains;

Rajas = loka, or, udaka

Where is the farther (part) of this great dusky realm, where the closer (part), o Maruts, in which you have driven?
When you stir up the firmly compacted entity like loose pieces, you fly through the turbulent flood with a stone.

Geldner (/Witzel Gotō) take c with ab, with d independent, while Renou configures the vs. as I do. There are no implications either way.

The published translation doesn’t render the ā́‘here’ with the verb in the rel. cl. āyayá. The point is that they have arrived here despite the vastness of the space in which they were driving, but “in which you have driven here” doesn’t work in English.

The frame and the simile in c do not agree in number: sg. sáṃhitam, pl.

vithurā́-iva. The number difference has a semantic function; the entity that the Maruts are stirring is solid and a unity, hence hard to move, but they make it shake as if it were comprised of a number of small unconnected pieces that are easily set in motion. Although vithurá- is a deriv. of √vyath and does not contain the preverb ví, its initial syllable plays off the sám in sáṃhitam, in the common contrastive pairing sám ‘together’: ví ‘apart’. The real preverb ví opens the next pāda.

Geldner (n. 6d) makes heavier weather of pāda d than seems necessary to me. I think the “turbulent flood” (tveṣám arṇavám) is simply the dusky realm (rájas-) of pāda a, i.e., the midspace in which the Maruts often find themselves. It is a turbulent flood because of the storms the Maruts are producing. The stone (ádri-) need not be a feature of the landscape (Fels, with Geldner/Witzel Gotō), but a weapon of some kind, as often.

Say where, then, is this mighty region’s farthest bound, where, Maruts, is the lowest depth that ye have reached,
When ye cast down like chaff the firmly stablished pile, and from the mountain send the glittering water-flood?

Wo gibt es denn auf dieser großen Strecke, auf der ihr Marut herkamt, für euch fern, wo nahe, wenn ihr das Festgefügte erschüttert, als wäre es locker? Mit dem Fels flieget ihr durch die heftige Wasserflut.

Wo ist doch dieser Lüfte höchster Raum, und wo der tiefste, den, o Maruts, ihr durchdringt? Wenn ihr wie Blätter schüttelt, was befestigt ist, durchfliegt ihr wie ein Schleuderstein das wilde Meer.

Где же далекое, где близкое, о Маруты,
В том великом пространстве, куда вы прибыли?
Когда вы сотрясаете плотное, как если б оно было рыхлым,
На скале вы перелетаете через бурный поток.

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• भुरिक्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहा है ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मरुतः) विद्वानो ! (अस्य) इस (रजसः) भूगोल का (महः) बड़ा (परम्) कारण (क्व, स्वित्) निश्चय से कहाँ और (क्व) कहाँ (अवरम्) कार्य्य वर्त्तमान है इसको हम लोग पूछते हैं (यस्मिन्) जिसमें तुम (आयय) आओ (यत्) जिसको (च्यावयथ) चलाओ जिसमें (विथुरेव) दबाये पदार्थों के समान (संहितम्) मेल किये हुए यह जगत् है जिससे (अद्रिणा) मेघवृन्द के पवन (त्वेषम्) सूर्य के प्रकाश और (अर्णवम्) समुद्र को (वि, पतथ) नीचे प्राप्त होते हैं वही परब्रह्म सब जगत् का बड़ा कारण है, यही उक्त प्रश्नों का उत्तर है ॥ ६ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिसमें यह भूगोल आदि जगत् जाता-आता, कम्पता उसीको आकाश के समान कारण जानो, जिसमें ये लोक उत्पन्न होते, भ्रमते और प्रलय हो जाते हैं, वह परम उत्कृष्ट निमित्त कारण ब्रह्म है ॥ ६ ॥

अन्वय: हे मरुतोऽस्य रजसो महस्परं क्व स्वित् क्वावरं वर्त्तत इति पृच्छामः। यस्मिन् यूयमायय यच्च्यावयथ यस्मिन् विथुरेव संहितमिदं जगद्येनाद्रिणा सह वायवस्त्वेषमर्णवं विपतथ तदेव सर्वस्य जगतो महत् कारणं वर्त्तत इत्युत्तरम् ॥ ६ ॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (क्व) कस्मिन् (स्वित्) एव (अस्य) (रजसः) भूगोलस्य (महः) महत् (परम्) कारणम् (क्व) (अवरम्) कार्यम् (मरुतः) विद्वांसः (यस्मिन्) (आयय) आगच्छत। अत्र लोडर्थे लिट्। (यत्) (च्यावयथ) चालयथ (विथुरेव) यथा व्यथितानि (संहितम्) कृतसाधनम् (वि) (अद्रिणा) मेघेन सह (पतथ) अध आगच्छथ (त्वेषम्) सूर्य्यदीप्तिम् (अर्णवम्) समुद्रम् ॥ ६ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यस्मिन्निदं भूगोलादिकं गच्छत्यागच्छति कम्पते तदेवाकाशवत् कारणं विजानीत यस्मिन्नेते लोका उत्पद्यन्ते विद्यन्ते भ्रमन्ति प्रलीयन्ते च तत्परं निमित्तं कारणं ब्रह्मेति ॥ ६ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ज्याच्यामध्ये हा भूगोल इत्यादी जगत जाते येते, कंपित होते, त्यालाच आकाशाप्रमाणे कारण जाणा. ज्यात हे लोक (गोल) उत्पन्न होतात, भ्रमण करतात व प्रलय होतो तो परम उत्कृष्ट निमित्त कारण ब्रह्म आहे. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - जगती

साति᳓र् न᳓ वो अ᳓मवती सु᳓वर्वती
त्वेषा᳓ वि᳓पाका मरुतः पि᳓पिष्वती
भद्रा᳓ वो रातिः᳓ पृणतो᳓ न᳓ द᳓क्षिणा
पृथुज्र᳓यी असुरि᳓येव ज᳓ञ्जती

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ámavatī ← ámavant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sātíḥ ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

svàrvatī ← svàrvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

pípiṣvatī ← pípiṣvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

tveṣā́ ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

vípākā ← vípāka- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

bhadrā́ ← bhadrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

dákṣiṇā ← dákṣiṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

pr̥ṇatáḥ ← √pr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rātíḥ ← rātí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

asuryā̀ ← asuryà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

jáñjatī ← jáñjatī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

pr̥thujráyī ← pr̥thujráya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

सा॒तिः । न । वः॒ । अम॑ऽवती । स्वः॑ऽवती । त्वे॒षा । विऽपा॑का । म॒रु॒तः॒ । पिपि॑ष्वती ।
भ॒द्रा । वः॒ । रा॒तिः । पृ॒ण॒तः । न । दक्षि॑णा । पृ॒थु॒ऽज्रयी॑ । असु॒र्या॑ऽइव । जञ्ज॑ती ॥

• sātir ← sātiḥ ← sāti
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• ‘mavatī ← amavatī ← amavat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “impressive; strong.”

• svarvatī ← svarvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “bright; bright.”

• tveṣā ← tveṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

• vipākā ← vipāka
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• pipiṣvatī ← pipiṣvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• bhadrā ← bhadra
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “auspicious; lovely; good; happy; bhadra [word]; lucky; fine-looking; beautiful.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• rātiḥ ← rāti
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “gift; bounty; favor.”

• pṛṇato ← pṛṇataḥ ← pṛṇ
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “satisfy.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dakṣiṇā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Dakṣiṇā; south; dakṣiṇā [word]; gift; South.”

• pṛthujrayī ← pṛthujraya
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• asuryeva ← asuryā ← asurya
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “āsura.”

• asuryeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• jañjatī ← jañj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular

हे मरुतः वः युष्माकं संबन्धिनी सातिर्न संभक्तिरिव युष्मत्संभजनं यथा प्रशस्तगुणं तद्वत् वः रातिः वृष्टयादिविषया अमवती अमात्यवती इन्द्रादिसहायवती । यथा ‘राजेवामवान’ (ऋ. सं. ४. ४. १ ) इत्यत्र अमशब्दोऽमात्यवचनस्तद्वत् । यद्वा । वः सातिः संविभक्तिः न अमवती रोगवती न भवति किंतु स्वर्वती सुखवती त्वेषा दीप्ता विपाका परिपक्कफला पिपिष्वती पेषणवती कृषीवलैः कर्षणवती । वृष्टौ सत्यां कर्षन्तीति प्रसिद्धम् । स्वविरोधिपेषणवती वा । भद्रा भन्दनीया स्तुत्या। किंच पृणतः दातुर्धनिकस्य दक्षिणा न दक्षिणेव तद्वत् समृद्धकरी पृथुज्रयी पृथुजवा शीघ्रगामिनी। किंच असुर्येव असुरस्य स्वभूता जञ्जती सर्वानभिभवन्ती शक्तिरिव । सा यथा अन्येभ्योऽपहृत्य अन्यस्मै दातुं समर्था तद्वदियमपि मेघस्थमुदकमपहृत्य जगतो दातुं शक्तेत्यर्थः । ईदृशी रातिः अस्मभ्यमस्त्विति भावः ॥

English translation:

“Like your possession of treasure, Maruts, is your liberality; ministerial (of Indra’s bounty), heaven-bestowing, brilliant, fruitful, favourable to the husbandman, propitious; it is like the donation of a wealthy (donor), prompt (of distribution), and like the all-subduing force of the asuras.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Like the all-subduing force: asuryeva jañjatī = asurasya sarvābhibhavantī śakti: as the asuras take from one to give to another, so the winds plural nder the clouds to enrich the earth

Violent like your winning yet bringing sun(light), turbulent yet ripening and swelling, o Maruts—
your gift [=rain] is welcome like the ritual gift-cow of a donor, and it is of broad expanse and scintillating like lordly (Rodasī).

Geldner’s n. 7 summarizes the gist of this verse, that what the Maruts bring is both disruptive and welcome. Their gift is rain (vṛṣṭí-, which never surfaces but accounts for the fem. adjectives throughout the verse), but it is accompanied by the violence of the storm. The positive/negative pairings are found in the first hemistich; the second one is only positive and ends by indirectly comparing the gift to the Maruts’ own consort Rodasī.

The curiously formed hapax fem. pípiṣvatī is best explained, with Oldenberg, as based on the perfect part. to √pi ‘swell’, pīpivā́ṃs-, fem. pipyúṣī, crossed with a - vant-stem to match ámavatī svàrvatī in pāda a. Despite the tricky morphological manipulation required, I prefer this to the easier derivation from √piṣ ‘crush’, assumed by Geldner’s ‘zerschmetternd’ (with ?), fld. by Witzel Gotō., and Renou’s ‘pulvérisant’. Grassmann (flg. BR) takes it as built to a desiderative to √pi, but there are no desiderative forms to this root, whereas the pf. part. is quite well attested, esp. in the fem.

The last pāda has formulaic echoes that identify the female referent in the simile as Rodasī. There are only two other occurrences of fem. asuryā̀-, one in VII.96.1 referring to Sarasvatī (wrongly classified by Grassmann with the neut. noun), one in the hymn immediately preceding this one, I.167.5, where it refers to Rodasī.

Similarly the bahuvrīhi pṛthujráyī ‘possessing broad expanse’ brings to mind another passage adduced by Geldner, I.101.7 rudrébhir yóṣā tanute prth̥ ú jráyaḥ “Along with the Rudras [=Marut], the maiden [=Rodasī] stretches her broad expanse.” Although it might seem somewhat unflattering to attribute “broad expanse” to a lovely young maiden (esp. to us moderns; the ancients obviously had different canons of beauty), I think this is a buried pun. The two world halves (ródasī) do have this quality, and it has simply been transferred from that dual common noun to the fem. sg. rodasī.

jáñjatī has only one relative, jañjanābhávant- in VIII.43.8, where it modifies Agni and must mean something like ‘flickering’. On its formation see Hoffmann (IF 60, 1952 = Aufs. p. 40). Here ‘scintillating’ captures the feminine quality better.

Your winning is with strength, dazzling, with heavenly light, with fruit mature, O Maruts, fall of plenteousness.
Auspicious is your gift like a free giver’s meed, victorious, spreading far, as of immortal Gods.

Gewaltsam wie euer Gewinnen und doch sonnenbringend, heftig und doch die Früchte reifend, zerschmetternd, o ihr Marut, ist eure Gabe doch erfreulich wie die Belohnung von einem Spender, breitlaufend wie die Asurische, flammend.

Der Beute ist, o Maruts, eure Gabe gleich, helleuchtend, kräftig, prächtig, reif und heilbegabt, Die strotzende, wie Opferlohn des schenkenden weithin verzweigt und hell wie eine Himmlische.

Грозный, словно захват добычи, (но) солнечный,
Бурный, (но) приносящий зрелые плоды, о Маруты, стирающий в порошок (врагов),
Несущий счастье – дар ваш, (он) словно плата щедрого (покровителя),
Охватывающий широкую поверхность, пламенеющий, словно асурская (Родаси).

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• भुरिक्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहा है ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मरुतः) विद्वानो ! (वः) तुम्हारी जो (पिपिष्वती) बहुत अङ्गोंवाली (अमवती) ज्ञानवती (स्वर्वती) जिसमें सुख विद्यमान (विपाका) विविध प्रकार के गुणों से परिपक्व (त्वेषा) उत्तम दीप्ति (सातिः) लोकों की विभक्ति अर्थात् विशेष भाग के (न) समान है और (वः) तुम्हारी जो (पृणतः) पालन करने वा विद्यादि गुणों से परिपूर्ण करनेवाले की (दक्षिणा) देने योग्य दक्षिणा के (न) समान (पृथुज्रयी) बहुत वेगवती (असुर्येव) प्राणों में होनेवाली बिजुली के समान वा (जञ्जती) युद्ध में प्रवृत्त झंझियाती हुई सेना के समान (भद्रा) कल्याण करनेवाली (रातिः) देनी है, उससे सबको बढ़ाओ ॥ ७ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जो इन जीवों की पाप पुण्य से उत्पन्न हुई सुख दुःख फलवाली गति है, उससे समस्त जीव विचरते हैं। जो पुरुषार्थी जन सेना जन शत्रुओं को जैसे-वैसे पापों को जीत निवारि धर्म का आचरण करते हैं, वे सदैव सुखी होते हैं ॥ ७ ॥

अन्वय: हे मरुतो वो या पिपिष्वत्यमवती स्वर्वती विपाका त्वेषा सातिर्नेवास्ति वो या पृणतो दक्षिणा नेव पृथुज्रय्यसुर्य्येव जञ्जती भद्रा रातिरस्ति तया सर्वान् वर्द्धय ॥ ७ ॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सातिः) लोकानां विभक्तिः (न) इव (वः) युष्माकम् (अमवती) ज्ञानयुक्ता (स्वर्वती) विद्यमानसुखा (त्वेषा) प्रदीप्तिः (विपाका) विविधगुणैः परिपक्वा (मरुतः) विद्वांसः (पिपिष्वती) पिपींषि बहवोऽवयवा विद्यन्ते यस्याः सा (भद्रा) कल्याणकारिणी (वः) युष्माकम् (रातिः) दानम् (पृणतः) पालकस्य विद्यादिभिः प्रपूरकस्य वा (न) इव (दक्षिणा) दातुं योग्या (पृथुज्रयी) बहुवेगा (असुर्येव) असुषु प्राणेषु भवा विद्युदिव (जञ्जती) यथा युद्धे प्रवृत्ता सेना ॥ ७ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। यैषां जीवानां पापपुण्यजन्या सुखदुःखफला गतिरस्ति तया सर्वे जीवा विचरन्ति। ये पुरुषार्थिनः सैन्याः शत्रूनिव पापानि विजित्य निवार्य धर्ममाचरन्ति ते सदैव सुखिनो भवन्ति ॥ ७ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. या जिवाच्या पाप-पुण्याने झालेली सुख-दुःख फल देणारी जी गती आहे त्यामुळेच संपर्ण जीव विचरण करतात. जे पुरुषार्थी सेनेद्वारे शत्रूंचा निःपात करतात, त्यांचे पाप नाहीसे करतात व धर्माचे आचरण करतात ते सदैव सुखी होतात. ॥ ७ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्र᳓ति ष्टोभन्ति सि᳓न्धवः पवि᳓भ्यो
य᳓द् अभ्रि᳓यां वा᳓चम् उदीर᳓यन्ति
अ᳓व स्मयन्त विद्यु᳓तः पृथिव्यां᳓
य᳓दी घृत᳓म् मरु᳓तः प्रुष्णुव᳓न्ति

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
pavíbhyaḥ ← paví- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

práti ← práti (invariable)

síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

stobhanti ← √stubh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

abhríyām ← abhríya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

udīráyanti ← √īr- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vā́cam ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

áva ← áva (invariable)

pr̥thivyā́m ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

smayanta ← √smi- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vidyútaḥ ← vidyút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ghr̥tám ← ghr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

marútaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

pruṣṇuvánti ← √pruṣⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yádi ← yádi (invariable)

प्रति॑ । स्तो॒भ॒न्ति॒ । सिन्ध॑वः । प॒विऽभ्यः॑ । यत् । अ॒भ्रिया॑म् । वाच॑म् । उ॒त्ऽई॒रय॑न्ति ।
अव॑ । स्म॒य॒न्त॒ । वि॒ऽद्युतः॑ । पृ॒थि॒व्याम् । यदि॑ । घृ॒तम् । म॒रुतः॑ । प्रु॒ष्णु॒वन्ति॑ ॥

• prati
• [adverb]
• “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

• ṣṭobhanti ← stobhanti ← stubh
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

• sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• pavibhyo ← pavibhyaḥ ← pavi
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “vajra; tire; rim.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• abhriyāṃ ← abhriyām ← abhriya
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “cloudy.”

• vācam ← vāc
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

• udīrayanti ← udīray ← √īr
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “state; name; agitate; define; recommend; cause; shoot; describe; intensify.”

• ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• smayanta ← smi
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “smile.”

• vidyutaḥ ← vidyut
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “lightning; Vidyut; thunderbolt.”

• pṛthivyāṃ ← pṛthivyām ← pṛthivī
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• yadī ← yadi
• [adverb]
• “if; in case.”

• ghṛtam ← ghṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “ghee; fat.”

• marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• pruṣṇuvanti ← pruṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sprinkle; wet.”

पविभ्यः मरुत्संबन्धिवज्रेभ्यः सिन्धवः स्यन्दनशीला आपः प्रति ष्टोभन्ति प्रतिचलन्ति । कदा । यत् यदा अभ्रियाम् अभ्रभवां वाचं शब्दं स्तनितलक्षणम् उदीरयन्ति उच्चारयन्ति वज्राणि । किंच विद्युतः विद्योतमानास्तडितः पृथिव्याम् अन्तरिक्षे । पृथिवीत्यन्तरिक्षनाम ‘पृथिवी भू:’ ( नि. १. ३.९ ) इति तन्नामसूक्तत्वात् । तत्र अव स्मयन्त स्मयन्ते अवाङ्मुखं प्रकाशन्ते । पृथिव्याम् इत्येतदुत्तरत्र वा योज्यम् । यदि यदा पृथिव्यां भूम्यां घृतं क्षरदुदकं मरुतः प्रुष्णुवन्ति प्रुष्णन्ति सिञ्चन्ति ॥ प्रुषेः कैयादिकस्य व्यत्ययेन श्नुः ॥ यदैवं तदेत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The rivers are arrested by the thunderbolts when they utter the voice of the clouds; but the lightnings smile in the firmament when the Maruts sprinkle water on the earth.”

The rivers sound in response to your wheel-rims, when they raise up the speech coming from the (storm) clouds.
The lightning-flashes smile down on the earth, when the Maruts sprinkle ghee upon her.

The identity of the subj. of udīráyanti in b is left undefined. Renou takes it as the rivers of pāda a, Witzel Gotō as the Maruts, and Geldner leaves it undefined (“diese”). Although my published translation likewise uses a noncommittal pronoun, I am inclined to think it is the rivers because of the úd ‘up’, contrasting with the áva ‘down’ qualifying the action of the lightning in c. The noise the rivers make would be the roaring resulting from streams swollen by rainfall, hence the qualifier abhíyam ‘coming from clouds” for their speech.

In d I take yádī as standing for yád ī, with acc. ī referring to the earth.

The rivers roar before your chariot fellies when they are uttering the voice of rain-clouds.
The lightnings laugh upon the earth beneath them, what time the Maruts scatter forth their fatness.

Die Ströme jauchzen ihren Radschienen entgegen, wenn diese die Wolkenstimme hervorbringen. Die Blitze lächeln auf die Erde hernieder, wenn die Marut das Schmalz träufen.

Von ihren Schienen hallt der Luftstrom wieder, wenn sie der Wetterwolken Sang erheben; Die Blitze lächeln auf die Erd’ hernieder, sobald die Maruts ihre Butter träufeln.

Шумят потоки в такт ободьям (их колес),
Когда они заставляют тучу подать голос.
Молнии улыбаются вниз, на землю,
Когда Маруты кропят жиром.

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहा है ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वानो ! (यत्) जब (मरुतः) पवन (अभ्रियाम्) मेघों में हुई गर्जनारूप (वाचम्) वाणी को (उदीरयन्ति) प्रेरणा देते अर्थात् बद्दलों को गर्जाते हैं तब (सिन्धवः) नदियाँ (पविभ्यः) वज्र तुल्य किरणों से अर्थात् बिजुली की लपट-झपटों से (प्रति, ष्टोभन्ति) क्षोभित होती हैं और (यदि) जब पवन (घृतम्) मेघों के जल (प्रुष्णुवन्ति) वर्षाते हैं तब (विद्युतः) बिजुलियाँ (पृथिव्याम्) भूमि पर (अव, स्मयन्त) मुसुकियाती सी जान पड़ती हैं वैसे तुम होओ ॥ ८ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य नदी के समान आर्द्रचित्त बिजुली के समान तीव्र स्वभाववाले विद्या को पढ़कर पढ़ाते हैं, वे सूर्य के समान सत्य और असत्य को प्रकाश करनेवाले होते हैं ॥ ८ ॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो यद्यदा मरुतोऽभ्रियां वाचमुदीरयन्ति तदा सिन्धवः पविभ्यः प्रतिष्टोभन्ति यदि च मरुतो घृतं प्रुष्णुवन्ति तदा विद्युतः पृथिव्यामवस्मयन्त तद्वद्यूयं भवत ॥ ८ ॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्रति) (स्तोभन्ति) स्तभ्नन्ति। अत्र व्यत्ययेन परस्मैपदम्। (सिन्धवः) नद्यः (पविभ्यः) वज्रवत् किरणेभ्यः (यत्) यदा (अभ्रियाम्) अभ्रेषु भवां गर्जनाम् (वाचम्) वाणीम् (उदीरयन्ति) प्रेरते (अव) (स्मयन्त) ईषद्धसन्ति (विद्युतः) तडितः (पृथिव्याम्) भूमौ (यदि) अत्र निपातस्य चेति दीर्घः। (घृतम्) उदकम् (मरुतः) (प्रुष्णुवन्ति) स्नेहयन्ति ॥ ८ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्या नदीवदार्द्रा तडिद्वत्तीव्रा विद्यां पठित्वाऽध्यापयन्ति ते सूर्यवत् सत्याऽसत्यप्रकाशका जायन्ते ॥ ८ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे नदीप्रमाणे आर्द्र, विद्युतप्रमाणे तीव्र असतात व विद्येचे अध्ययन, अध्यापन करतात ती सूर्याप्रमाणे सत्य-असत्याचा प्रकाश करणारी असतात. ॥ ८ ॥

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अ᳓सूत पृ᳓श्निर् महते᳓ र᳓णाय
त्वेष᳓म् अया᳓साम् मरु᳓ताम् अ᳓नीकम्
ते᳓ सप्सरा᳓सो ऽजनयन्त अ᳓भ्वम्
आ᳓द् इ᳓त् स्वधा᳓म् इषिरा᳓म् प᳓र्य् अपश्यन्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ásūta ← √sū- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}

mahaté ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pŕ̥śniḥ ← pŕ̥śni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ráṇāya ← ráṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

ánīkam ← ánīka- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ayā́sām ← ayā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

marútām ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

tveṣám ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ábhvam ← ábhva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

janayanta ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sapsarā́saḥ ← sapsará- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

apaśyan ← √paś- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

ā́t ← ā́t (invariable)

iṣirā́m ← iṣirá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

pári ← pári (invariable)

svadhā́m ← svadhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

असू॑त । पृश्निः॑ । म॒ह॒ते । रणा॑य । त्वे॒षम् । अ॒यासा॑म् । म॒रुता॑म् । अनी॑कम् ।
ते । स॒प्स॒रासः॑ । अ॒ज॒न॒य॒न्त॒ । अभ्व॑म् । आत् । इत् । स्व॒धाम् । इ॒षि॒राम् । परि॑ । अ॒प॒श्य॒न् ॥

• asūta ← sū
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “give birth; urge; bestow; cause.”

• pṛśnir ← pṛśniḥ ← pṛśni
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Pṛśni; beam.”

• mahate ← mahat
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• raṇāya ← raṇa
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “battle; fight; pleasure; joy; war; combat.”

• tveṣam ← tveṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

• ayāsām ← ayās
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “undaunted; irrepressible; audacious.”

• marutām ← marut
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• anīkam ← anīka
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “army; face; battalion; battlefront; point; appearance.”

• te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• sapsarāso ← sapsarāsaḥ ← sapsara
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• ‘janayantābhvam ← ajanayanta ← janay ← √jan
• [verb], plural, Imperfect
• “cause; give birth; produce; beget; generate; originate; create; create; make.”

• ‘janayantābhvam ← abhvam ← abhva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “monstrosity; nothingness; void; force.”

• ād ← āt
• [adverb]
• “then.”

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• svadhām ← svadhā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”

• iṣirām ← iṣira
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “vigorous; bracing; quick.”

• pary ← pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• apaśyan ← paś
• [verb], plural, Imperfect
• “see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

असूत । पृश्निः । महते । रणाय । त्वेषम् । अयासम् । मरुताम् । अनीकम् । ते । सप्सरासः । अजनयन्त। अभ्वम् । आत् । इत् । स्व॒धाम् । इषिराम् । परि। अपश्यन् ॥९॥ “पृश्निः मरुन्माता नानावर्णा । ‘पृश्नियै वै पयसो मरुतो जाताः ’ ( तै. सं. २. २. ११. ४ ), ’ पृश्नेः पुत्रा उपमासः ’ ( ऋ. सं. ५, ५८. ५ ) इत्यादिश्रुतेः । तामेवान्तरिक्षदेवतां केचिदाहुः । सा देवी त्वेषं दीप्तम् अयासां गन्तॄणां मरुतामनीकं समूहम् एकोनपञ्चाशत्संख्याकम् असूत उत्पादितवती । किमर्थम् । महते रणाय संग्रामाय । मेघजयायेत्यर्थः । ते च मरुतः सप्सरासः समानरूपा हिंसको वा मेघानाम् अभ्वं मेघं जनयन्ति उत्पादितवन्तः । आदित् अनन्तरमेव इषिरां सर्वैरेष्टव्यां स्वधाम् अन्नं सस्यादिसमृद्धिलक्षणं पर्यपश्यन् परिपश्यन्ति सर्वे जनाः ॥

English translation:

“Pṛśni bore the brilliant troop of the quick-moving Maruts for the great combat (with the clouds), whereupon (mankind) immediately beheld the desiderated food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Pṛśniyai vai payaso maruto jātāḥ (Taittirīya Saṃhitā 2.2.11.4)

Pr̥śni gave birth to the turbulent face of the unruly Maruts for great joy [/battle].
They, in shared delight, begat the formless (cloud) mass. Just after that they surveyed their vigorous self-power.

This is the final vs. of the hymn, since vs. 10 is repeated from I.165.15, etc.

The svadhā́- in d forms a slight ring with 2a svajā́ḥ svátavasaḥ.

Prsni brought forth, to fight the mighty battle, the glittering army of the restless Maruts.
Nurtured together they begat the monster, and then looked round them for the food that strengthens.

Die Prisni gebar zu großer Kampfeslust die hitzige Reihe der unverzagten Marut. Die Genossen brachten ihre gewaltige Erscheinung hervor. Alsbald erblickten sie ringsum reges Leben

Zu grosser Freude hat geboren Priçni die ungestüme, wilde Schar der Maruts, Versehn mit Nahrung zeugten sie das Dunkel, und schauten dann nach ihrem saft’gen Tranke.

Для великой битвы родила Пришни
Буйную толпу неутомимых Марутов.
Эти сотоварищи породили чудовище.
С тех пор (люди) видели вокруг живительную природу (Марутов).

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहा है ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - इन (अयासाम्) गमनशील (मरुताम्) मनुष्यों का (पृश्निः) आदित्य के समान प्रचण्ड प्रतापवान् (त्वेषम्) प्रदीप्त (अनीकम्) सैन्यगण (महते) महान् (रणाय) संग्राम के लिये (असूत) उत्पन्न होता है (आत्) इसके अनन्तर (इत्) ही (ते) वे (इषिराम्) प्राप्त होने योग्य (स्वधाम्) अन्न को (अजनयन्त) उत्पन्न करते और (सप्सरासः) गमन करते हुए (अभ्वम्) अविद्यमान अर्थात् जो प्रत्यक्ष विद्यमान नहीं उसको (पर्य्यपश्यन्) सब ओर से देखते हैं ॥ ९ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जो विचक्षण राजपुरुष विजय के लिये प्रशंसित सेना को स्वीकार कर अन्नादि ऐश्वर्य की उन्नति करते हैं, वे तृप्ति को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥ ९ ॥

अन्वय: एषामयासां मरुतां पृश्निरिव त्वेषमनीकं महते रणायासूत ते आदिदिषिरां स्वधामजनयन्त सप्सरासः सन्तोऽभ्वं पर्य्यपश्यन् ॥ ९ ॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (असूत) सूते (पृश्निः) आदित्य इव (महते) (रणाय) संग्रामाय (त्वेषम्) प्रदीप्तम् (अयासाम्) गन्तॄणाम् (मरुताम्) मनुष्याणाम् (अनीकम्) सैन्यम् (ते) (सप्सरासः) गन्तारः। अत्र सप्तेरौणादिकः सरप्रत्ययः। सप्तीति गतिकर्मा। निघं० ३। १४। (१) (अजनयन्त) (अभ्वम्) अविद्यमानम् (आत्) अनन्तरम् (इत्) एव (स्वधाम्) अन्नम् (इषिराम्) प्राप्तव्याम् (परि) (अपश्यन्) सर्वतः पश्येयुः ॥ ९ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः। ये विचक्षणा राजपुरुषा विजयाय प्रशस्तां सेनां स्वीकृत्याऽन्नाद्यैश्वर्यमुन्नयन्ति ते तृप्तिमाप्नुवन्ति ॥ ९ ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जे चतुर विद्वान राजपुरुष विजयासाठी प्रशंसित सेनेचा स्वीकार करून अन्न इत्यादी ऐश्वर्य वाढवतात, ते तृप्त असतात.

• देवता - मरुतः
• ऋषिः - अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

एष᳓ व स्तो᳓मो मरुत इयं᳓ गी᳓र्
मान्दारिय᳓स्य मानिय᳓स्य कारोः᳓
आ᳓ इषा᳓ यासीष्ट तनु᳓वे वयां᳓
विद्या᳓मेषं᳓ वृज᳓नं जीर᳓दानुम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
eṣá ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

gī́ḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

iyám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

stómaḥ ← stóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

kāróḥ ← kārú- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

māndāryásya ← māndāryá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

mānyásya ← mānyá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

iṣā́ ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

tanvè ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

vayā́m ← vayā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

yāsīṣṭa ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:MED, mood:PREC}

iṣám ← iṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jīrádānum ← jīrádānu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vidyā́ma ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

vr̥jánam ← vr̥jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ए॒षः । वः॒ । स्तोमः॑ । म॒रु॒तः॒ । इ॒यम् । गीः । मा॒न्दा॒र्यस्य॑ । मा॒न्यस्य॑ । का॒रोः ।
आ । इ॒षा । या॒सी॒ष्ट॒ । त॒न्वे॑ । व॒याम् । वि॒द्याम॑ । इ॒षम् । वृ॒जन॑म् । जी॒रऽदा॑नुम् ॥

• eṣa ← etad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• va ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• stomo ← stomaḥ ← stoma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

• maruta ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• iyaṃ ← iyam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• gīr ← gīḥ ← gir
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• māndāryasya ← māndārya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine

• mānyasya ← mānya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine

• kāroḥ ← kāru
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “poet; singer.”

• eṣā ← ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• eṣā ← iṣā ← iṣ
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• yāsīṣṭa ← yā
• [verb], plural, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• tanve ← tanū
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

• vayāṃ ← vayām ← vayā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “branch; branchlet.”

• vidyāmeṣaṃ ← vidyāma ← vid
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

• vidyāmeṣaṃ ← iṣam ← iṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• vṛjanaṃ ← vṛjanam ← vṛjana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “community; settlement.”

• jīradānum ← jīra
• [noun]
• “agile; quick; fast.”

• jīradānum ← dānum ← dānu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Dānu; dew; drop.”

एषवइतिदशमीव्याख्याता ॥ १० ॥ महश्चित्त्वमित्यष्टर्चम्पञ्चमंसूक्तं ऎन्द्रमागस्त्यन्त्रैष्टुभं द्वितीयाचतुष्पदाविराट् अथचतुष्पदाविराट् दशकैरित्युक्तत्वात् विराजोदिशइति पिङ्गलनागेनसूत्रितत्वाच्च महोष्टौ द्वितीयाविराळित्यनुक्रम- णिका । समूह्ळेदशरात्रेद्वितीयेछन्दोमेमरुत्वतीये इदं विश्वजितोग्निन्नरइतिखण्डेसूत्रितम्—द्वितीय- स्यशंसामहाम्महश्चित्त्वमिन्द्रेति ।

English translation:

“This praise, Maruts, is for you; this hymn is for you, (the work) of a venerable author, capable of conferring delight (by his laudations); may the praise reach you for (the good of your) person ns, so that we may thence obtain food, strength and long life.”

Here is a praise for you, Maruts, here a hymn from Māndārya, the respectful bard.
With refreshment he would beg propitiation for himself. – May we
know refreshment and a community having lively waters.

As just noted, this vs. is identical to I.165.15, tr. by JPB. See comm. ad I.166.15.

May this your laud, may this your song O Maruts, sung by the poet Mana’s son,
Mandarya,
Bring offspring for ourselves with food to feed us. May we find strengthening food in full abundance.

Dies Preislied, diese Lobrede des Dichters Mandarya, des Maniden, ist für euch, Marut. Er möchte durch Nahrungsfülle für seine Person zu Nachwuchs gelangen. - Wir möchten einen gastfreien Opferbündler kennen lernen, der rasch schenkt.

Euch, Maruts, gilt dies Lied des Manasohnes, das Lob des Dichters von dem Stamm Mandāra’s, Mit Labung kommt herbei zu eigner Stärkung gebt Labung uns und wasserreiche Fluren.

Вот восхваление для вас, о Маруты, вот песня
Певца Мандарьи Маньи.
Вместе с жертвенным подкреплением пусть принесет она нам потомство!
Мы хотим найти щедрую общину, легко дарящую!

• मरुतः
• अगस्त्यो मैत्रावरुणिः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहा है ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मरुतः) श्रेष्ठ विद्वानो ! जो (एषः) यह (वः) तुम्हारा (स्तोमः) प्रश्नोत्तररूप आलाप कथन (मान्दार्यस्य) सबके लिये आनन्द देनेवाले उत्तम (मान्यस्य) जानने योग्य (कारोः) क्रियाकुशल सज्जन की जो (इयम्) यह (गीः) सत्यप्रिया वाणी और जो (इषा) इच्छा के साथ (तन्वे) शरीर सुख के लिये (आ, यासीष्ट) प्राप्त हो उससे (दयाम्) हम लोग (इषम्) अन्न (वृजनम्) शत्रुओं को दुःख देनेवाले बल और (जीरदानुम्) जीवों की दया को (विद्याम) प्राप्त होवें ॥ १० ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो समस्त विद्या की स्तुति और प्रशंसा करने और आप्तवाक् अर्थात् धर्मात्मा विद्वानों की वाणियों में रहने तथा जीवों की दया से युक्त सज्जन पुरुष हैं, वे सभों के सुखों को उत्पन्न करानेवाले होते हैं ॥ १० ॥इस सूक्त में पवनों के दृष्टान्त से विद्वानों के गुणों का वर्णन होने से इसके अर्थ की पिछले सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति है, यह जानना चाहिये ॥यह एकसौ अरसठवाँ सूक्त और सातवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे मरुतो य एष वस्स्तोमो मान्दार्यस्य मान्यस्य कारोर्येयङ्गीर्येषा तन्वे आयासीष्ट तया वयामिषं वृजनं जीरदानुं विद्याम ॥ १० ॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एषः) (वः) युष्माकम् (स्तोमः) प्रश्नोत्तराख्य आलापः (मरुतः) विद्वद्वराः (इयम्) (गीः) सत्यप्रिया वाक् (मान्दार्यस्य) सर्वेभ्य आनन्दप्रदस्योत्तमस्य (मान्यस्य) ज्ञातुं योग्यस्य (कारोः) क्रियाकुशलस्य (आ) (इषा) इच्छया (यासीष्ट) प्राप्नुयात् (तन्वे) शरीरसुखाय (वयाम्) (विद्याम) प्राप्ता भवेम (इषम्) अन्नम् (वृजनम्) शत्रुनिकन्दनं बलम् (जीरदानुम्) जीवदयाम् ॥ १० ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये सकलविद्यास्तावका आप्तवाचो जीवदयाविशिष्टाः सन्ति ते सर्वेषां सुखजनका भवन्तीति ॥ १० ॥अत्र वायुदृष्टान्तेन सज्जनगुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिरस्तीति वेद्यम् ॥इत्यष्टषष्ट्युत्तरं शततमं सूक्तं सप्तमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जे संपूर्ण विद्येची स्तुती व प्रशंसा करणारे असतात, आप्तवाक् अर्थात धर्मात्मा विद्वानांच्या वाणीत वसतात तसेच जीवाबद्दल दया बाळगणारे असतात ते सर्वांना सुख देतात. ॥ १० ॥