१२५

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ प्राता रत्नम् ’ इति सप्तर्चं पञ्चमं सूक्तं काक्षीवतम् । दानस्य स्तूयमानत्वात् दानदेवत्यं ’ या तेनोच्यते सा देवता ’ ( अनु. २. ५ ) इति परिभाषितत्वात् । त्रैष्टुभम् । उपेत्यादिके द्वे जगत्यौ । ‘ प्राता रत्नं सप्त स्वनयस्य दानस्तुतिरुपजगत्यौ ’ इत्यनुक्रमणिका ॥

Jamison Brereton

125
Svanaya’s Dānastuti
Kakṣīvant Dairghatamasa
7 verses: triṣṭubh, except jagatī 4–5
This hymn falls into two distinct but thematically connected parts. The second part (vss. 4–7) develops an extravagant picture of the rewards that accrue to the gener ous giver and sacrificer. The whole cosmos seems to exist only to gratify him, and a place among the gods as an immortal awaits him. The syntax and sentiments are straightforward and indeed somewhat simplistic.
The other section (vss. 1–3) is quite different. It consists of an apparent dia logue between an “early-coming” figure (vs. 3) and, probably, a householder or host (vs. 2), with a scene-setting introduction (vs. 1). The word “early-coming” (prātarítvan) is found only in this hymn and in a narrative in the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā (besides the later etymological work, the Nirukta), where the same dialogic rela tionship between the Prātaritvan and a householder, in that case Manu, obtains. In both passages the Prātaritvan seems to be an itinerant priest or poet, offer ing his ritual services to a sacrificer, his potential host. But he also stands in for or represents a god who is coming to attend the early-morning ritual. (Compare the compound of similar form and similar meaning prātaryā́van “early-driving, early-traveling,” used especially of the Aśvins and their chariot.) Thus, the host is

more inclined to receive the itinerant Prātaritvan because he may be entertaining a god in disguise, and the Prātaritvan is not only seeking payment for his ritual work, the dakṣiṇā whose giver is lyrically celebrated in verses 4–7, but also himself brings (or claims to bring) goods and good fortune for his host, as is emphasized in all three verses of this portion of the hymn. The relationship between them is also presented as somewhat coercive or threatening in the second half of verse 2 (which unfortunately contains several hapaxes and is therefore not very clear). The Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā narrative, a version of “Manu’s Cups,” depicts that threat much more strongly, as an aspect of the “anxieties of hospitality.” For further discussion see Jamison (1996a: 184–89).

Jamison Brereton Notes

(The Early-coming one.) Svayana’s Dānastuti For a sustained treatment of the “early-coming one” (prātáritvan-) see Jamison, Sac.Wife 184-89.

01 प्राता रत्नम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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प्रा॒ता रत्नं॑ प्रात॒रित्वा॑ दधाति॒ तं चि॑कि॒त्वान्प्र॑ति॒गृह्या॒ नि ध॑त्ते ।
तेन॑ प्र॒जां व॒र्धय॑मान॒ आयू॑ रा॒यस्पोषे॑ण सचते सु॒वीरः॑ ॥

02 सुगुरसत्सुहिरण्यः स्वश्वो - त्रिष्टुप्

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सु॒गुर॑सत्सुहिर॒ण्यः स्वश्वो॑ बृ॒हद॑स्मै॒ वय॒ इन्द्रो॑ दधाति ।
यस्त्वा॒यन्तं॒ वसु॑ना प्रातरित्वो मु॒क्षीज॑येव॒ पदि॑मुत्सि॒नाति॑ ॥

03 आयमद्य सुकृतम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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आय॑म॒द्य सु॒कृतं॑ प्रा॒तरि॒च्छन्नि॒ष्टेः पु॒त्रं वसु॑मता॒ रथे॑न ।
अं॒शोः सु॒तं पा॑यय मत्स॒रस्य॑ क्ष॒यद्वी॑रं वर्धय सू॒नृता॑भिः ॥

04 उप क्षरन्ति - जगती

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उप॑ क्षरन्ति॒ सिन्ध॑वो मयो॒भुव॑ ईजा॒नं च॑ य॒क्ष्यमा॑णं च धे॒नवः॑ ।
पृ॒णन्तं॑ च॒ पपु॑रिं च श्रव॒स्यवो॑ घृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॒ उप॑ यन्ति वि॒श्वतः॑ ॥

05 नाकस्य पृष्टे - जगती

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नाक॑स्य पृ॒ष्ठे अधि॑ तिष्ठति श्रि॒तो यः पृ॒णाति॒ स ह॑ दे॒वेषु॑ गच्छति ।
तस्मा॒ आपो॑ घृ॒तम॑र्षन्ति॒ सिन्ध॑व॒स्तस्मा॑ इ॒यं दक्षि॑णा पिन्वते॒ सदा॑ ॥

06 दक्षिणावतामिदिमानि चित्रा - त्रिष्टुप्

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दक्षि॑णावता॒मिदि॒मानि॑ चि॒त्रा दक्षि॑णावतां दि॒वि सूर्या॑सः ।
दक्षि॑णावन्तो अ॒मृतं॑ भजन्ते॒ दक्षि॑णावन्तः॒ प्र ति॑रन्त॒ आयुः॑ ॥

07 मा पृणन्तो - त्रिष्टुप्

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मा पृ॒णन्तो॒ दुरि॑त॒मेन॒ आर॒न्मा जा॑रिषुः सू॒रयः॑ सुव्र॒तासः॑ ।
अ॒न्यस्तेषां॑ परि॒धिर॑स्तु॒ कश्चि॒दपृ॑णन्तम॒भि सं य॑न्तु॒ शोकाः॑ ॥