१०३

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ तत्ते ’ इति अष्टर्चं दशमं सूक्तं कुत्सस्यार्षमैन्द्रं त्रैष्टुभम् । तथा चानुक्रान्तं– तत्तेऽष्टौ ’ इति । तृतीये छन्दोमे निष्केवल्ये इदं सूक्तं निविद्धानम्। ‘विश्वजितः’ इति खण्डे सूत्रितं-’ तत्त इन्द्रियमिति निष्केवल्यम्’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ८. ७ ) इति ॥

Jamison Brereton

103
Indra
Kutsa Āṅgirasa
8 verses: triṣṭubh
Like I.102, this hymn begins with a difficult verse, treating the two aspects of Indra’s power, situated on earth and in heaven respectively. We can assume that the earthbound power has to do with the aid he provides to mortals in battle, while his heavenly power is displayed by his cosmogonic deeds. The poet claims the two types of power are mixed together equally and the result serves as a sort of beacon, an odd image—but the underlying notion must be that of the light (of Dawn, of Agni) that connects heaven and earth, frequently referred to as a beacon. Similarly Indra’s twin powers link the heavenly and earthly realms and are conspicuous in both.244 I.103
Both types of power are treated in the hymn, which has an omphalos struc ture. The cosmogonic deeds are found in the outer frame, verses 2 and 7 (and 8ab), particularly the slaying of Vr̥tra. The inner verses (3–6) concern Indra’s involvement with us, the Āryas, as we confront our traditional foes, the Dāsas and the Dasyus, who do not share in the values of the Ārya community. The omphalos itself consists of verse 4, where Indra acquires several names mark ing his successful progress. The following verse (5) presents itself as a sort of epiphany: the people are exhorted to behold the results of Indra’s actions and therefore believe in his existence. The omphalos structure is marked not only thematically but verbally. Note the two occurrences of śrád-dhā “trust” in the inner ring of verses 3 and 5.
The responsion in the outer ring (specifically vss. 2 and 7) is more complex and more interesting. Verse 2c begins with the signature formula of the Vr̥tra saga: áhann áhim “he slew the serpent,” and 7b ends with the word áhim “serpent.” The phrase in verse 2 lacks the frequent accompaniment, the weapon (vájra) in the instrumental “with his mace,” while 7b has vájreṇa. But on the surface the action in that verse is entirely different: “he woke the sleeping serpent with his mace.” As argued elsewhere (Jamison 1982/83 and 2007: 110–12), this is a formal “pun,” which means exactly the opposite of its surface sense. Indra did not nudge the snake with his weapon to wake him up to fight. Instead the poet combines the formal causative shape of the verb “awaken” (lit., “cause to awaken”) with the semantics of its object “sleeping (serpent),” to produce an underlying form “cause (the serpent) to sleep.” In Vedic, as in English, “cause to sleep / put to sleep” is a euphemism for “kill,” and “waken the sleeping serpent with the mace” is simply a particularly clever way to say “slew the serpent.” Since this phrase is anticipated by the standard áhann áhim expression, which is in the structurally responsive position in the ring, an alert audience would have no trouble catching this deep-structure pun.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Indra

01 तत्त इन्द्रियम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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त᳓त्त इंद्रियं᳓+++(=बलं)+++ परमं᳓ पराचै᳓र् +++(=पराञ्चनैः)+++
अ᳓धारयन्त कव᳓यः पुरे᳓दं᳓ ।
+++(अग्निरूपेण)+++ क्षमे᳓द᳓म्+++(=क्षमायामिदं)+++ अ᳓न्य᳓द् दिव्य् अ᳓१᳓न्य᳓दस्य +++(ज्योतिः)+++
स᳓म् ईं पृच्यते समने᳓+++(=सङ्ग्रामे)+++व केतुः᳓ ॥१

02 स धारयत्पृथिवीम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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+++(रात्रावादित्योऽग्निना संयुक्तो भवति ।)+++

स᳓ धारयत् पृथिवीं᳓ पप्र᳓थच्+++(=पृथुमकरोत्)+++ च
व᳓ज्रेण हत्वा᳓ नि᳓र् अपः᳓ ससर्ज ।
अ᳓हन्न् +++(मेघरूपम् शुष्णं वा)+++ अ᳓हिम् अ᳓भिनद् रौहिणं᳓
व्य᳓हन् व्यं᳙सं+++(=विभुजम्)+++ मघ᳓वा+++(=धनवान्)+++ श᳓चीभिः+++(=युद्धकर्मभिः)+++ ॥२

03 स जातूभर्मा - त्रिष्टुप्

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स᳓ जातू᳓+++(=अशनी, जान् तूर्वतीति।)+++भर्मा+++(=आयुधः)+++ श्रद्द᳓धान
ओ᳓जः पु᳓रो+++(=पुराणि)+++ विभिंद᳓न्न् अचरद् वि᳓ दा᳓सीः+++(=दस्युसंबन्धीन्यः)+++ ।
विद्वा᳓न् वज्रिन् द᳓स्यवे+++(=उपक्षयकारिणे)+++ हेति᳓म् +++(विसृज)+++
अस्या᳓ऽऽर्यं स᳓हो वर्धया द्युम्न᳓म् इ᳓न्द्र᳓ ॥३

04 तदूचुषे मानुषेमा - त्रिष्टुप्

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त᳓द् +++(इन्द्रबलम्)+++ ऊचु᳓षे+++(=उक्तवते)+++ मा᳓नुषेमा᳓+++(नि)+++ युगा᳓नि
कीर्ते᳓न्यं+++(=कीर्तनीयं)+++ मघ᳓वा ना᳓म बि᳓भ्रत् ।
उपप्रय᳓न् दस्युह᳓त्याय वज्री᳓ +++(इति नामान्तरम्)+++
य᳓द् +ह सूनुः᳓ श्र᳓वसे+++(=यशसे)+++ ना᳓म दधे᳓ ॥४

05 तदस्येदं पश्यता - त्रिष्टुप्

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त᳓दस्येदं᳓ पश्यता+++(त)+++ भू᳓रि पुष्टं᳓
श्र᳓द् इ᳓न्द्रस्य धत्तन+++(=दधत)+++ वीर्या᳙य ।
स᳓ +++(अपहृताः?)+++ गा᳓ अविन्दत् सो᳓ अविन्दद् अ᳓श्वान्त्
स᳓ ओ᳓षधीः सो᳓ +++(शुष्ण/मेघरुद्धाः)+++ अपः᳓ स᳓ व᳓नानि+++(=वननीयानि)+++ ॥५ +++(५)+++

06 भूरिकर्मणे वृषभाय - त्रिष्टुप्

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भू᳓रिकर्मणे वृषभा᳓य वृ᳓ष्णे+++(=वर्षकाय)+++
सत्य᳓-शुष्माय+++(=बलाय)+++ सुनवाम सो᳓मं ।
य᳓ आदृ᳓त्या परिपन्थी᳓+++(=मार्गनिरोधकश्चोर)+++व शू᳓रो᳓
ऽयज्वनो विभ᳓जन्न् ए᳓ति वे᳓दः+++(=धनम्)+++ ॥६

07 तदिन्द्र प्रेव - त्रिष्टुप्

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त᳓दिन्द्र प्रे᳓व वीर्यं᳙ चकर्थ
य᳓त् सस᳓न्तं+++(=स्वपन्तं सकारवादिनं?)+++ व᳓ज्रेणा᳓बोधयो᳓ ऽहिम् ।
अ᳓नु त्वा प᳓त्नीर् हृषितं᳓ व᳓यश्च+++(=गमनशीला [मरुतः])+++
वि᳓श्वे देवा᳓सो अमदन्न् अ᳓नु त्वा+++(म्)+++ ॥

08 शुष्णं पिप्रुम् - त्रिष्टुप्

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शु᳓ष्णं+++(=शोषकम् [मेघाहिरूपम् असुरं])+++ पि᳓प्रुं +++(=बहुपुरो दस्युः)+++ कु᳓यवं +++(=धान्यनाशकः)+++ वृत्र᳓म्
इन्द्र यदा᳓वधीर्वि᳓ पु᳓रः श᳓म्बरस्य ।
त᳓न् नो मित्रो᳓ व᳓रुणो मामहन्ताम् +++(=पूजितं कुर्वन्तु)+++
अ᳓दितिः सि᳓न्धुः पृथिवी᳓ उत᳓ द्यौः᳓॥