०८७

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ प्रत्वक्षसः’ इति षडृचं तृतीयं सूक्तं गोतमस्यार्षं जागतं मारुतम् । तथा चानुक्रान्तं – ‘ प्रत्वक्षसः षड् जागतम्’ इति । अग्निष्टोमे आग्निमारुतशस्त्रे इदं सूक्तं मारुतनिविद्धानम् । ‘ अथ यथेतम् ’ इति खण्डे सूत्रितं – ‘ प्रत्वक्षसः प्रतवसो यज्ञा यज्ञा वो अग्नये ’ (आश्व. श्रौ. ५. २०) इति ॥

Jamison Brereton

87
Maruts
Gotama Rāhūgaṇa
6 verses: jagatī
The gleeful density of descriptive adjectives in verse 1 opens this hymn with a bang. It is only in the final pāda of this first verse that we encounter a verb—and its

subject is explicitly left unspecified (“whoever they are”). On the one hand, they need not be named, as the descriptions are enough to identify them as Maruts; on the other hand, it is frequently stated that individual Maruts can’t be told apart. The next two verses (2–3) are more dynamic, depicting the Maruts’ usual wild jour
ney, with its thunder, lightning, and rain.
The first half of verse 4 returns to the style of verse 1, with a torrent of adjectives, this time applied not to the plural Maruts, but to the singular “flock” (gaṇá). The second half of this verse opens with the 2nd sg. verb “you are.” Although most inter preters take this as an address to the Marut flock, with a shift of person—and this would be the default reading—we believe something more tricky is going on. The patronymic of our poet Gotama is Rāhūgaṇa, whose second element is this word “flock.” On the basis of this shared verbal designation, Gotama seems to be address ing himself and identifying himself with the Maruts, particularly as the “furtherer of this insight,” that is, as a producer of sacral poetry arising from inner insight. (He may call himself a requiter of debts because he pays with his verbal labor for the benefits given by both gods and patrons.) He clarifies this identification in the fol lowing verse (5). We are poets because of our kinship with our ancestral father, that is, the Marut flock (pāda a). As with them, our speech (“tongue”) is inspired by the vision (“eye”) produced by soma (pāda b), and we aspire to emulate the Maruts, who chanted to Indra to encourage him in the Vr̥tra battle and acquired a share in the sacrifice (pādas cd). (The relationship between Gotama Rāhūgaṇa, the Maruts, and verbal inspiration is explored even more elaborately in the following hymn, I.88.) The hymn ends (vs. 6) with a more conventional depiction of the Maruts.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Maruts

01 प्रत्वक्षसः प्रतवसो - जगती

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प्र᳓त्वक्षसः प्र᳓तवसो विरप्शि᳓नो
अ᳓नानता अ᳓विथुरा ऋजीषि᳓णः
जु᳓ष्टतमासो नृ᳓तमासो अञ्जि᳓भिर्
वि᳓ आनज्रे के᳓ चिद् उस्रा᳓ इव स्तृ᳓भिः

02 उपह्वरेषु यदचिध्वम् - जगती

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उपह्वरे᳓षु य᳓द् अ᳓चिधुवं ययिं᳓
व᳓य इव मरुतः के᳓न चित् पथा᳓
श्चो᳓तन्ति को᳓शा उ᳓प वो र᳓थेषु आ᳓
घृत᳓म् उक्षता म᳓धुवर्णम् अ᳓र्चते

03 प्रैषामज्मेषु विथुरेव - जगती

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प्रइ᳓षाम् अ᳓ज्मेषु विथुरे᳓व रेजते
भू᳓मिर् या᳓मेषु य᳓द् ध युञ्ज᳓ते शुभे᳓
ते᳓ क्रीळ᳓यो धु᳓नयो भ्रा᳓जदृष्टयः
स्वय᳓म् महित्व᳓म् पनयन्त धू᳓तयः

04 स हि - जगती

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स᳓ हि᳓ स्वसृ᳓त् पृ᳓षदश्वो यु᳓वा गणो᳓
अया᳓ ईशान᳓स् त᳓विषीभिर् आ᳓वृतः
अ᳓सि सत्य᳓ ऋणया᳓वा अ᳓नेदियो
अस्या᳓ धियः᳓ प्राविता᳓था वृ᳓षा गणः᳓

05 पितुः प्रत्नस्य - जगती

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पितुः᳓ प्रत्न᳓स्य ज᳓न्मना वदामसि
सो᳓मस्य जिह्वा᳓ प्र᳓ जिगाति च᳓क्षसा
य᳓द् ईम् इ᳓न्द्रं श᳓मि ऋ᳓क्वाण आ᳓शत
आ᳓द् इ᳓न् ना᳓मानि यज्ञि᳓यानि दधिरे

06 श्रियसे कम् - जगती

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श्रिय᳓से क᳓म् भानु᳓भिः स᳓म् मिमिक्षिरे
ते᳓ रश्मि᳓भिस् त᳓ ऋ᳓क्वभिः सुखाद᳓यः
ते᳓ वा᳓शीमन्त इष्मि᳓णो अ᳓भीरवो
विद्रे᳓ प्रिय᳓स्य मा᳓रुतस्य धा᳓मनः