०६९

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सायण-भाष्यम्

शुक्रः’ इति द्वैपदं दशर्चम् अध्ययनतः पञ्चर्चं पञ्चमं सूक्तं पराशरस्यार्षमाग्नेयम् । शुक्रः ’ इत्यनुक्रान्तम् । विनियोगो लैङ्गिकः ॥

Jamison Brereton

69
Agni
Parāśara Śāktya
10 verses: dvipadā virāj
Twinned with the preceding hymn (I.68), this hymn also treats the common clan-fire, which serves as a symbol of unity during joint action undertaken by ordinarily sepa rate groups, although this theme is subtly conveyed. In the first few verses there are only indirect hints: Agni “encompasses” an unspecified set of objects (vs. 2); in verse 4 he takes his place “in the middle” and is compared to a “friendly __ among the people”—parallel passages suggest that “ally” should be supplied in this last phrase.
The clans are mentioned explicitly in verse 5, which describes Agni’s extension through the clans, who are brought together, along with their superior men, in the next verse (6). As already noted in the introduction to I.68, these men, the náraḥ, supply the second part of the name of the clan-fire, Vaiśvānara. Agni’s reciprocal relationship and joint action with these men are described in verses 7–8, and, in our view, verse 9 describes the brilliance of the newly kindled clan-fire, which is the focus of the shared sacrificial activity of the united clans. This interpretation is supported by an adjective qualifying Agni in that verse: sáṃjñāta-rūpa. Although most translators take this word as meaning “having a well-known form” on the basis of the verbal root √jñā “recognize,” the idiom sáṃ-jñā has a different and very specific meaning “come to an agreement, act in unison.” This very idiom is found in the previous, twinned hymn, in verse 8, where it describes the mutual action of all the clans, each contributing its own set of skills. Therefore in verse 9 of this hymn Agni is described as the very form or representation of the agreement reached by the clans, as well as the focus of the ritual activity that results from that agreement. (It is worth noting that the final hymn of the R̥gveda, self-consciously advocating unity, contains two occurrences of this lexeme [X.191.2b, d].)

The final verse (10) describes the successful dawn sacrifice and the rising of the sun that accompanies it. The rejoicing of “all” at the sight of the sun introduces into this hymn the “all” that dominated the paired hymn I.68.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Agni As discussed in the published introduction. and in the art. cit., this hymn is twinned with I.68.

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Jamison Brereton Notes

Agni I consider these three hymns to be thematically and verbally linked, treating the Vaiśvānara fire and encoding this theme by deploying the two words underlying this vṛddhi compound, víśva- and nṛ́-. The first, víśva-, dominates I.68, the second, nṛ́- I.69, and they are juxtaposed in the climactic verses of I.70.9-10. See the introductions to the three hymns in the published translation, and for a detailed discussion, Jamison, Fs. J. S. Klein (“Inter-hymnic Rhetorical Structure in Ṛgveda I.68-70: Parāśara Śāktya’s Vaiśvānara Cycle,” 2016).

01 शुक्रः शुशुक्वाँ - द्विपदा विराट्

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शुक्रः᳓ शुशुक्वाँ᳓ उषो᳓ न᳓ जारः᳓
पप्रा᳓ समीची᳓ दिवो᳓ न᳓ ज्यो᳓तिः

02 परि प्रजातः - द्विपदा विराट्

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प᳓रि प्र᳓जातः क्र᳓त्वा बभूथ
भु᳓वो देवा᳓नाम् पिता᳓ पुत्रः᳓ स᳓न्

03 वेधा अदृप्तो - द्विपदा विराट्

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वेधा᳓ अ᳓दृप्तो अग्नि᳓र् विजान᳓न्न्
ऊ᳓धर् न᳓ गो᳓नां स्वा᳓द्मा पितूना᳓म्

04 जने न - द्विपदा विराट्

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ज᳓ने न᳓ शे᳓व आहू᳓रियः स᳓न्
म᳓ध्ये नि᳓षत्तो रण्वो᳓ दुरोणे᳓

05 पुत्रो न - द्विपदा विराट्

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पुत्रो᳓ न᳓ जातो᳓ रण्वो᳓ दुरोणे᳓
वाजी᳓ न᳓ प्रीतो᳓ वि᳓शो वि᳓ तारीत्

06 विशो यदह्वे - द्विपदा विराट्

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वि᳓शो य᳓द् अ᳓ह्वे नृ᳓भिः स᳓नीळा
अग्नि᳓र् देवत्वा᳓ वि᳓श्वानि अश्याः

07 नकिष्थ एता - द्विपदा विराट्

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न᳓किष् ट एता᳓ व्रता᳓ मिनन्ति
नृ᳓भ्यो य᳓द् एभ्यः᳓ श्रुष्टिं᳓ चक᳓र्थ

08 तत्तु ते - द्विपदा विराट्

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त᳓त् तु᳓ ते दं᳓सो य᳓द् अ᳓हन् समानइ᳓र्
नृ᳓भिर् य᳓द् युक्तो᳓ विवे᳓ र᳓पांसि†

09 उषो न - द्विपदा विराट्

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उषो᳓ न᳓ जारो᳓ विभा᳓वा उस्रः᳓
सं᳓ज्ञातरूपश् चि᳓केतद् अस्मै

10 त्मना वहन्तो - द्विपदा विराट्

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त्म᳓ना व᳓हन्तो दु᳓रो वि᳓ ऋण्वन्
न᳓वन्त वि᳓श्वे सु᳓वर् दृ᳓शीके