०५९

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘वया इत्’ इति सप्तर्चं द्वितीयं सूक्तं नोधस आर्षं त्रैष्टुभम् । वैश्वानरगुणकोऽग्निर्देवता । तथा चानुक्रान्तम् – ‘वया इत्सप्त वैश्वानरीयम्’ इति । सूक्तविनियोगो लिङ्गादवगन्तव्यः ॥

Jamison Brereton

59
(Agni) Vaiśvānara
Nodhas Gautama
7 verses: triṣṭubh
Agni in his aspect as Vaiśvānara (“belonging to all men”) is the dedicand of this hymn, and the epithet Vaiśvānara occurs once in every verse. The universality of Agni is emphasized throughout. The first and last verses have contrastive víśva (“all”) expressions: “all the immortals” in 1b contrasting with “belonging to all (human) communities” in 7a. The first two verses situate him as cosmically central, between gods and men and heaven and earth, while in verse 3 he is the center that attracts everything else within him. A different kind of universality is asserted in verses 5–6, where the signature deeds of Indra are attributed to Agni and he is called by Indra’s standard epithet, “Vr̥tra-smasher.” This rhetorical ploy makes him the equivalent of the most powerful of the gods, hence in some sense the embodi
ment of divinity itself.
The hymn also shows an omphalos structure. The outer ring (vss. 1 and 7) noted above, as well as an inner ring defined by the identification of Agni as king (vss. 3 and 5), point to the middle verse 4 as omphalos. And in a hymn of reasonably straightforward syntax and imagery, verse 4 does stand out for its rel
ative obscurity. Why this verse should be freighted with the message of the hymn

is not entirely clear, but it brings together the cosmic (the two world-halves) with the human, in the form of the sacrifice, where the Hotar offers hymns to Agni, who himself regularly serves as Hotar (see, e.g., the preceding hymn I.58). Thus the centrality of Agni for both the cosmos and the mundane world is affirmed in this, the central verse of the hymn, as is the interpenetration of Agni’s twofold nature as an element of the cosmos (the son of Heaven and Earth, possessed of the sun) and as a participating member of human society (the Hotar, recipient of hymns).
It is worthy of note that, in contrast to the last hymn (I.58) with its graphic depiction of actual fire, this hymn contains almost no mention of Agni’s physical qualities.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Agni Vaiśvānara

01 वया इदग्ने - त्रिष्टुप्

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वया᳓ इ᳓द् अग्ने अग्न᳓यस् ते अन्ये᳓
तुवे᳓ वि᳓श्वे अमृ᳓ता मादयन्ते
वइ᳓श्वानर ना᳓भिर् असि क्षितीनां᳓
स्थू᳓णेव ज᳓नाँ उपमि᳓द् ययन्थ

02 मूर्धा दिवो - त्रिष्टुप्

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मूर्धा᳓ दिवो᳓ ना᳓भिर् अग्निः᳓ पृथिव्या᳓
अ᳓थाभवद् अरती᳓ रो᳓दसीयोः
तं᳓ त्वा देवा᳓सो ऽजनयन्त देवं᳓
वइ᳓श्वानर ज्यो᳓तिर् इ᳓द् आ᳓रियाय

03 आ सूर्ये - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ सू᳓रिये न᳓ रश्म᳓यो ध्रुवा᳓सो
वैश्वानरे᳓ दधिरे ऽग्ना᳓ व᳓सूनि
या᳓ प᳓र्वतेषु ओ᳓षधीषु अप्सु᳓
या᳓ मा᳓नुषेषु अ᳓सि त᳓स्य रा᳓जा

04 बृहती इव - त्रिष्टुप्

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बृहती᳓ इव सून᳓वे रो᳓दसी
गि᳓रो हो᳓ता मनुषि᳓यो न᳓ द᳓क्षः
सु᳓वर्वते सत्य᳓शुष्माय पूर्वी᳓र्
वैश्वानरा᳓य नृ᳓तमाय यह्वीः᳓

05 दिवश्चित्ते बृहतो - त्रिष्टुप्

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दिव᳓श् चित् ते बृहतो᳓ जातवेदो
वइ᳓श्वानर प्र᳓ रिरिचे महित्व᳓म्
रा᳓जा कृष्टीना᳓म् असि मा᳓नुषीणां
युधा᳓ देवे᳓भ्यो व᳓रिवश् चकर्थ

06 प्र नू - त्रिष्टुप्

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प्र᳓ नू᳓ महित्वं᳓ वृषभ᳓स्य वोचं
य᳓म् पूर᳓वो वृत्रह᳓णं स᳓चन्ते
वैश्वानरो᳓ द᳓स्युम् अग्नि᳓र् जघन्वाँ᳓
अ᳓धूनोत् का᳓ष्ठा अ᳓व श᳓म्बरम् भेत्

07 वैश्वानरो महिम्ना - त्रिष्टुप्

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वैश्वानरो᳓ महिम्ना᳓ विश्व᳓कृष्टिर्
भर᳓द्वाजेषु यजतो᳓ विभा᳓वा
शातवनेये᳓ शति᳓नीभिर् अग्निः᳓
पुरुणीथे᳓ जरते सूनृ᳓तावान्