०२५

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘यच्चित्’ इति एकविंशत्यृचं द्वितीयं सूक्तम् । तथा चानुक्रान्तम्-‘यच्चित्सैका’ इति। ‘ऋषिश्चान्यस्मात् ’ इति परिभाषया शुनःशेप एव ऋषिः । ‘आदौ गायत्रम्’ इति परिभाषितत्वात् गायत्री छन्दः । ‘वारुणं तु ’ इति पूर्वोक्तत्वात् तुह्यादिपरिभाषया ( अनु. १२. ३ ) वरुणो देवता । विनियोग उक्तः शौनःशेपाख्याने । विशेषविनियोगस्तु-अभिप्लवषडहे इदं सूक्तं होत्रकशस्त्रे स्तोमनिमित्तमावापार्थम् । ‘अभिप्लवपृष्ठ्याहानि ’ इति खण्डे तथैव सूत्रितं- यच्चिद्धि ते विश इति वारुणमेतस्य तृचमावपेत मैत्रावरुणः ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ७. ५) इति ॥

Jamison Brereton

25
Varuṇa
Śunaḥśepa Ājīgarti
21 verses: gāyatrī, arranged in tr̥cas
Oldenberg suggests that the first four tr̥cas of this hymn (vss. 1–12) originally formed one hymn, and the last three (vss. 13–21), a second one. One indication of this division is that verse 12 reads like a concluding verse. Thematically, however, the two parts of the hymn both emphasize the sovereignty of Varuṇa, and the hymn as a whole begins (3a) and ends (19b) with an appeal for his mercy. So if this is a composite hymn, it is nonetheless a coherent one.
One repeated pattern in this hymn is the movement from Varuṇa’s distance, which can mark his displeasure, to his closeness. The first tr̥ca, for example, fears

the offense that the poet might have given Varuṇa and the anger of the god. In the second the poet speaks of his songs, which will dispel the god’s fury, and his hopes that he will bring Varuṇa near (5). He concludes that Mitra and Varuṇa are never far from one who serves them (6c). The closeness of Varuṇa is again the theme of the fifth tr̥ca (vss. 13–15), which opens the second part of the hymn. Varuṇa first appears in majesty, wearing the mantle of a king (13a), but at the same time, like a king, he is also very near. His spies are everywhere (13c) and no deceit or evildoing escapes his attention (14). The last verse of the tr̥ca combines his majesty and his presence. In verse 15 the poet repeats ā́ “here” three times at the end of each of its three pādas, culminating in the unexpected and dramatic assertion that Varuṇa’s glory is “right here within our bellies.” We understand the presence of Varuṇa’s glory in the belly as signifying the radical closeness of Varuṇa, but there are other ways of interpreting it. The reference to “bellies” has led Geldner, for example, to understand this as a healing hymn for dropsy, a disease associated with Varuṇa. The final plea for release from fetters, which occurs also as the last verse of I.24, offers support for this interpretation. Nevertheless, we regard it as unlikely. It does not suit the context of verse 15, and the fact that verse 21 is the final verse of the preceding hymn implies that it is a formal conclusion, not a critical thematic statement.
The same movement from distance to proximity also occurs in the sixth tr̥ca. In its first verse (16) the poet says his insights go far away, looking for Varuṇa; in its last (18) the poet sees Varuṇa and his chariot here on earth. The middle verse is obscure, although in one way or another it describes the movement of the god and the poet toward one another, since the poet asks the god to come to an agreement with him. The “honey” the poet serves is probably not soma, even though soma is often called “honey” or “honeyed.” Since the poet begins the tr̥ca with a reference to his “insights,” the honey in verse 17 is more likely his song, for speech also can be “honeyed” (cf. I.78.5). More difficult is the honey that is brought to the poet by the god. Perhaps it is the rain, which can also be “honey” (III.62.16, V.69.2ab), and perhaps too the waters and the rain are the visible signs of Varuṇa’s presence that the poet sees according to verse 18. Varuṇa’s control over the rain is an aspect of his kingship: compare VII.49.3, “In the middle of which king Varuṇa travels, looking down upon the truth and falsehood of the peoples, / those, clear and pure, that drip honey—let those waters, goddesses, help me here.”

01 यच्चिद्धि ते - गायत्री

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य᳓च् चिद्+धि᳓ ते वि᳓शो यथा+++(=विश इव)+++,
प्र᳓ देव वरुण व्रत᳓म् ।
मिनीम᳓सि+++(=तर्कयामः)+++ द्य᳓वि-द्यवि+++(=दिने दिने)+++ ।

02 मा नो - गायत्री

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मा᳓ नो वधा᳓य हत्न᳓वे
जिहीळान᳓स्य रीरधः
मा᳓ हृणान᳓स्य मन्य᳓वे

03 वि मृळीकाय - गायत्री

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वि᳓ मॄळीका᳓य+ ते म᳓नो
रथी᳓र् अ᳓श्वं न᳓ सं᳓दितम्
गीर्भि᳓र् वरुण सीमहि

04 परा हि - गायत्री

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प᳓रा हि᳓ मे वि᳓मन्यवः
प᳓तन्ति व᳓स्यïष्टये
व᳓यो न᳓ वसती᳓र् उ᳓प

05 कदा क्षत्रश्रियम् - गायत्री

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कदा᳓ क्षत्रश्रि᳓यं न᳓रम्
आ᳓ व᳓रुणं करामहे
मॄळीका᳓योरुच᳓क्षसम्+

06 तदित्समानमाशाते वेनन्ता - गायत्री

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त᳓द् इ᳓त् समान᳓म् आशते°
वे᳓नन्ता न᳓ प्र᳓ युछतः
धृत᳓व्रताय दाशु᳓षे

07 वेदा यो - गायत्री

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वे᳓दा यो᳓ वीना᳐᳓म् पद᳓म्
अन्त᳓रिक्षेण प᳓तताम्
वे᳓द नावः᳓ समुद्रि᳓यः

08 वेद मासो - गायत्री

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वे᳓द मासो᳓ धृत᳓व्रतो
दुवा᳓दश प्रजा᳓वतः
वे᳓दा य᳓ उपजा᳓यते

09 वेद वातस्य - गायत्री

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वे᳓द वा᳓तस्य वर्तनि᳓म्
उरो᳓र् ऋष्व᳓स्य बृहतः᳓
वे᳓दा ये᳓ अधिआ᳓सते

10 नि षसाद - गायत्री

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नि᳓ षसाद धृत᳓व्रतो
व᳓रुणः पस्ति᳓यासु आ᳓
सा᳓म्राजियाय सुक्र᳓तुः

11 अतो विश्वान्यद्भुता - गायत्री

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अ᳓तो वि᳓श्वानि अ᳓द्भुता
चिकित्वाँ᳓ अभि᳓ पश्यति
कृता᳓नि या᳓ च क᳓र्तुवा

12 स नो - गायत्री

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स᳓ नो विश्वा᳓हा सुक्र᳓तुर्
आदित्यः᳓ सुप᳓था करत्
प्र᳓ ण आ᳓यूंषि तारिषत्

13 बिभ्रद्द्रापिं हिरण्ययम् - गायत्री

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बि᳓भ्रद् द्रापिं᳓ हिरण्य᳓यं
व᳓रुणो वस्त निर्णि᳓जम्
प᳓रि स्प᳓शो नि᳓ षेदिरे

14 न यम् - गायत्री

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न᳓ यं᳓ दि᳓प्सन्ति दिप्स᳓वो
न᳓ द्रु᳓ह्वाणो ज᳓नाना᳐म्
न᳓ देव᳓म् अभि᳓मातयः

15 उत यो - गायत्री

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उत᳓ यो᳓ मा᳓नुषेषु आ᳓
य᳓शश् चक्रे᳓ अ᳓सामि आ᳓
अस्मा᳓कम् उद᳓रेषु आ᳓

16 परा मे - गायत्री

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प᳓रा मे यन्ति धीत᳓यो
गा᳓वो न᳓ ग᳓व्यूतीर् अ᳓नु
इछ᳓न्तीर् उरुच᳓क्षसम्

17 सं नु - गायत्री

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सं᳓ नु᳓ वोचावहै पु᳓नर्
य᳓तो मे म᳓धु आ᳓भृतम्
हो᳓तेव क्ष᳓दसे प्रिय᳓म्

18 दर्शं नु - गायत्री

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द᳓र्शं नु᳓ विश्व᳓दर्शतं
द᳓र्शं र᳓थम् अ᳓धि क्ष᳓मि
एता᳓ जुषत मे गि᳓रः

19 इमं मे - गायत्री

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इमं᳓ मे वरुण श्रुधी +++(=श्रुणु)+++
ह᳓वम्+++(=आह्वानम्)+++ अद्या᳓ च मृळय +++(=सुखय)+++।
त्वा᳓म् अवस्यु᳓र् आ᳓ चके +++(=अवदन्)+++॥

20 त्वं विश्वस्य - गायत्री

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तुवं᳓ वि᳓श्वस्य मेधिर
दिव᳓श् च ग्म᳓श् च राजसि
स᳓ या᳓मनि प्र᳓ति श्रुधि

21 उदुत्तमं मुमुग्धि - गायत्री

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उ᳓द् उत्तम᳓म् मुमुग्धि नो
वि᳓ पा᳓शम् मध्यमं᳓ चृत
अ᳓वाधमा᳓नि जीव᳓से