abdominal (see also kukṣi) 188, 250–252,
All World Gāyatrī Parivār 4
254, 256, 261
allegory 27
Abhinavagupta 258
alphabet 167, 254
Abhiplava 92
amṛta (see also immortal) 19, 66, 165,
abliṅga 19
185–187, 234
ācārya 4, 46, 160, 181
analogy, analogue 71, 181, 183, 203, 216,
accent(uation) 2, 47, 58, 64, 71, 79, 80, 185,
217, 251
187, 193–196, 207
– device 16, 17
adaptive reuse 18, 35, 83, 106, 115, 183, 190,
aṅga(- mantra) 20, 193, 250, 251, 261
263
Aṅgiras 154, 155, 157, 178
Aditi 101, 102, 253, 254
Āṅgirasa 91, 94, 97
āditya (see also sun) 44, 46, 51, 73, 86, 89,
Anquetil 277
121, 150, 176, 179, 246, 247, 253, 254, 257
antarikṣa (see also interspace) 68, 125, 131,
adultery 165
155, 179, 253
Agastya 96, 101
anthropomorphism, -morphic 6, 7, 20–22,
agent, agency 22, 25, 26, 30, 44, 45, 47, 49,
24–25, 26, 32, 45, 182, 193, 200, 203, 224,
59, 146, 229, 270
228, 229, 239, 246, 251, 255, 256, 260–262,
aghamarṣaṇa 147
269–272
– Aghamarṣaṇa-Sūkta 149
Anukramaṇī (see also IPS → Sarv.) 43, 95,
Agni (see also fire) 14, 15, 23, 23–25, 47, 51,
126
65, 73, 86–91, 101–103, 121, 152, 155, 156,
anumati, assent 156, 157, 241
176, 177, 179, 187, 188, 204, 205, 247, 250,
anuṣṭubh 65, 68, 69, 96, 113
255–257
– sāvitrī 70, 93, 95, 120, 123–127, 130, 132,
– agnikārya 151
266
– Agnihotra 85, 86, 102–103, 105, 107, 109,
ap, āpas 62, 165, 186, 247
115, 128, 150, 213, 214, 223, 223, 245
– apsaras 155
– Agnyupasthāna 86–91, 104, 106–109, 264
Apportioner (see also bhaga) 44, 49, 50, 98,
Āhavanīya 86, 87
124, 127
Aitareyin 106, 108
Āptya 95
ajapa 76
Āraṇyaka (see also IPS → AitĀ, →
Ajmer 5
BṛhĀU[M], → ŚāṅkhĀ, → TaittĀ) 8,
ājya 156
173, 175, 184
Ākhyāna device 16
archetype, -typical 45, 204, 208, 226, 227,
akṣara 52, 53, 77, 162, 185, 187, 190, 234, 270
238, 248, 250, 253–255
arghya 147
All Gods, Viśve Devas 92–97, 105, 121, 157,
Arjuna 192, 218, 238
253
arm 5, 21, 45, 54, 116, 256–258
338 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas ārya 139, 140, 143–145, 165, 167, 266, 267
Bharadvāja (see also IPS → BhārGS, →
– Arya Samaj 5
BhārŚS) 87, 89, 91, 157
Aryaman 89, 247
Bhārat Mātā 22
āsavitṛ 98
bhāratasāvitrī 139, 285
ascetic (see also tapas) 161, 217, 218, 220,
bharga( s) (see also splendor) 2, 42, 44,
244, 258
47–53, 59, 98, 103, 108, 112, 114, 179, 183,
Āśrama 197
185, 187, 190, 228, 252, 264, 281
assent see anumati
Bhauma 97
associative 16, 17, 125
Bhauvana 95
Aṣṭāvakra 190
Bhṛgu 178
astra 250, 251, 253
bhū (see also earth) 2, 12, 77, 103, 112, 129,
aśuci 166
162, 165, 185, 187, 190, 257
Asura 149, 244
Bhuvana 95
aśva 125
bhuvar 2, 12, 77, 103, 129, 162, 165, 185, 187,
– Aśvamedha 76, 86, 98, 99, 105, 107–109,
190, 257
115, 265
biography, -graphical 26, 34
– Aśvapati 2, 204, 213–215, 216–218,
bird 31, 71, 141, 192
221–225, 227, 228, 239, 270
birth (see also dvijāti, rebirth) 44, 117, 121,
Āśvina-Śastra 208, 209
122, 127, 141, 144, 145, 146, 161, 166,
Aśvins 100, 116, 204–207, 209, 226, 253, 270
181–182, 214, 217, 238, 245, 259, 271
Atharvan, Atharvaveda (see also IPS → AV,
body 20, 22, 24–25, 30, 163, 169, 206–208,
→ AVP) 63, 154–157, 194
238, 243, 252, 254, 255, 261, 272
– Atharvavedic 157, 175, 178, 198, 199, 259
Brahmā (see also brahman) 2, 4, 5, 31, 51, Athena 24, 27
73, 155, 156, 185, 186, 188, 196, 214,
atirātra 99, 209
216–218, 221, 224, 228, 233, 238, 240–245,
Ātreya 93, 96, 101, 125, 244
248–251, 255–260, 262, 263, 271
Atri 97
brahman (see also Brahmā) 31, 51–53, 66,
Aucathya 93, 96
111, 148, 155, 156, 161, 162, 165, 180,
aural 71, 202
185–190, 194, 196, 235, 243, 245, 248, 249
authority, authoritative 11, 16, 29, 33, 53,
– as the sun 53
143, 162, 169, 202, 270
– brahmacārin 46, 111, 117, 145, 146, 149, autumnal 256
151, 152, 163, 167, 180, 179–180, 182,
Avāntaradīkṣā 100, 101
198, 247, 269
aversion 15
– brahmacarya (see also celibacy,
Āyu 89
studentship) 111, 116, 125, 180, 182, 214,
āyus, lifespan 180, 185, 187, 188, 193, 194,
243
196
– brahmaloka 194, 196, 197, 245
– Brahmaṇaspati 86–89
bala 50, 68, 183, 185, 187, 245
– brahmavarcasa 189, 194, 196, 249
Baltic 205
Brāhmaṇa (see also IPS → AitB, → GopB,
Bāṇa(bhaṭṭa) 232, 244, 245, 260, 271
→ JaimB, → JaimUB, → KaṭhB, →
bandhu 120, 245
KauṣB, → Pañc, → ṢaḍvB, → SāmB, →
Bārhaspatya 92, 93, 97
ŚatB[K], → TaittB) 8, 15, 42, 50, 52, 57,
bath 31, 77, 154, 155
61, 84, 88, 90, 92, 96, 97, 100, 106, 108, 120,
Battlestar Galactica 5
121, 162, 173–175, 182, 203, 208–210, 220,
belief 13, 27–29, 32, 33, 82, 209, 218
241, 255, 278
belly (see also kukṣi) 145, 250–252
– period 57, 107, 108, 115
benediction 15
Brahmāṇī 243
benedictive 57, 58
Brahmin(ical), brāhmaṇa 3, 4, 20, 32, 35,
bhaga 44, 49, 50, 98, 99, 124, 127, 131
65, 74, 81, 100, 107, 120, 121, 126, 128, 135,
indices ∙ 339
139, 142–145, 149, 152, 153, 155, 161–167,
corporeal(ity) (see also body) 24, 25, 244,
169, 180, 181, 186, 188, 192, 212, 214, 224,
246
231, 234–236, 243, 246, 248, 255, 263,
corpus 9, 19, 83, 121, 127, 133, 141, 159, 167,
265–267
197, 233, 259
– Brahminism 3, 140, 142, 162, 163, 169
couple (see also coupling) 157, 158, 176,
– durbrāhmaṇa 100
177, 180, 182, 198, 211, 215, 216, 243
– non-Brahmin 74, 143, 144, 163, 169, 267
coupling (see also couple) 79, 176, 178, 180
– pseudo-Brahmin 244
cow (see also go) 5, 49, 73–77, 86
branding 256
cud see pra+ cud
breath (see also prāṇa) 68, 73, 102, 162, 165,
custom 143, 162
179, 193, 194
Bṛhan-Nārāyāṇa-Upaniṣad 183
Dadhīca 245
bṛhatī 87–90, 96
dakṣiṇā 92, 102, 179
Bṛhatsaṃhitā 233
Dalit 5
bridegroom, groom 116, 203–205, 208, 210
Dara 275, 277
Buddhism, Buddhist 1, 3, 12, 74, 113, 139,
daughter 214–216, 221, 222, 227, 228, 241,
142
242, 270
– of a hermit 245
calf 64, 65, 67, 86
– of a king 214
cardinal 178, 245, 251, 253
– of Aśvapati 2, 204, 215, 227
Carpenter see Tvaṣṭṛ
– of Brahmā 2, 218, 243
caste 75, 166, 258
– of Heaven 206
Caturviṃśa day 94
– of Lomapāda 218
celestial 23, 25, 45, 46, 150, 206–208, 235,
– of Prajāpati 208, 209, 211, 217, 218, 227,
280
241
celibacy (see also brahman →
– of Savitṛ (see also Sūryā, Tapatī) 61, 62,
brahmacarya) 117, 125, 127
158, 202–204, 207, 209, 218, 226–228,
chandas (see also meter) 65, 73, 74, 82, 95,
243, 246, 247, 256, 260, 270
155–157, 160, 176, 179, 185, 187, 189, 189,
– of the sun 204–208, 221
190, 191, 193, 197, 238, 239, 248, 250, 252,
– only daughter 215, 222
255, 261, 269
dawn (see also Uṣas) 48, 64, 97, 125, 146,
– chandasāṃ mātṛ 190, 197, 239, 248, 269
148, 206, 207, 209, 241, 258
Chandoma 97
death 19, 24, 144, 161, 178, 181, 215, 216, 276
chariot 32, 45, 74, 75, 125, 177, 192, 212, 237
– personified/deified 24, 29, 156, 157, 234,
Christian(ity) 1, 24, 82
235
chronology, -logical 9, 34, 35, 62, 84, 140,
deification, deify (see also Gāyatrī →
141, 202, 203, 213, 268
personified/deified mantra, →
– of the Gṛhyasūtras 112, 113
personified/deified meter)
– of Vedic texts 42, 79, 104, 106, 107, 173, 264
– of mantras 20–21
clothes 5, 256, 257
– overview of 23–34
cloud 31, 179
– process 10, 28–30, 184, 199–200, 201, 231,
club 257
263, 268, 269, 272
Commoner see Vaiśya
deity (see also deva) 20, 21, 182, 193
conch 257
– and personification/deification 26–27
consecration, consecrate, consecratory 50,
– nature of 22–24
98, 103, 144, 148, 149
– principle 16, 85, 86, 90–92, 98, 99, 101, 102,
– function 15
130, 264
contemplation, contemplate 4, 52, 56, 59,
deva (see also deity, devī, Viśve Devas) 2, 4, 222, 247, 279, 280, 282
30, 32, 44, 46, 49–51, 59, 75, 81, 90, 92, 95, convert 4
98, 99, 103, 116, 124, 125, 130, 131, 154,
340 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas 155, 157, 179, 183, 185, 190, 208, 221,
Dvādaśāha 96, 97
237–239, 252, 254, 255, 257, 280–282
Dvādaśākṣara(-Mantra), Twelve-Syllable
– devayajana 154
Mantra 19, 21
– Deva Premal 5
dvija (see also dvijāti, twice-born) 75, 117,
– Devanāgarī 194
144, 147, 162, 162, 163, 165, 166, 166, 181,
– Devapāla 132
182, 194–197, 197, 235, 269
devī 9, 30, 32, 77, 129, 183, 186, 189, 190, dvijāti (see also dvija, twice-born) 73, 141, 195, 214, 221, 234–236, 238, 245, 248, 256,
145, 181, 188, 194, 197, 214
257
dyumna 48
device 1, 16, 27, 30, 200, 268, 278
– devices in the Brāhmaṇas 15–17
earth(ly) (see also bhū) 12, 30, 66, 77, 102,
dhā(/ dhī) 2, 4, 42, 44, 50, 51, 54–57, 57–59, 114, 125, 129, 153, 161, 176, 177, 179, 186,
69, 80, 98, 103, 108, 124, 125, 180, 181, 183,
188–190, 196, 214, 236, 237, 239, 248, 249,
185, 187, 214, 236, 245, 252, 253
253–255, 257, 258
dhāman 21, 185, 187
– earthquake 30
Dharma 162–163, 202, 213, 214, 235
– personified/deified 49, 93–97, 102, 105,
– Dharmaśāstra, -śāstric (see also IPS →
188, 238, 250
MānDhŚ, → NārSm, → ŚivDhŚ, →
Egypt(ian) 23
VaiṣṇDhŚ) 8, 202, 218, 221, 222, 232
emic 3, 25, 259, 268
– Dharmasūtra (see also IPS → ĀpDhS, →
emotion 25, 228
BaudhDh, → GautDhS, → VasDhS) 8,
epic 4, 8, 61, 76, 80, 201, 203–206, 211–213,
19, 72, 80, 140, 142, 144, 154, 158, 159,
215, 217, 219, 220, 222, 224, 227, 233, 237,
162, 164–166, 168, 181, 182, 198, 200,
238, 241, 242, 270
212, 223, 266
– Epic Sanskrit 56, 58, 81
– literature/texts 8, 35, 81, 140, 166, 174, 180,
– Epics and truth-claims 33
202, 238, 268, 271
– Epics as Smṛti 202
– personified/deified 234, 235
– non-epic 78, 220
dhātṛ, vidhātṛ 51, 156, 157
– Sanskrit Epic (see also IPS → MBh, →
dhī 2, 44, 49, 51, 57, 54–57, 59, 98, 103, 125, Rām.) 42, 46, 62, 78, 80, 135, 169, 181,
127, 131, 133, 135, 179, 183, 185, 187, 241,
202, 211–213, 218, 220, 222, 228
252, 281
epitome
dhyā/ dhyai 56, 247, 257
– of the gāyatrī 1
dieva dēli, dievo sunēliai 205
– of the ideal bride 205
Dike 23, 26
– of the Veda(s) 3, 140, 141, 159–164, 167,
Dīrghatamas 93, 96
231, 232, 238, 243, 258, 259, 263, 267, 271
discus 257
eponym 72, 157, 217, 222, 227, 270
disease 23, 28
equinox 26, 91
divinity (see also deity) 22, 26, 29, 30,
esoteric(al) 67, 114, 123, 177
31–32, 32, 34, 76, 98, 159, 173, 182, 192,
etic 3
198, 206, 226, 268–270
– production of 22
family 31, 43, 144, 169, 208, 215, 222, 259
divinization, divinize (see also apotheosis,
father 181, 204, 215, 216, 221, 222, 237, 242,
deification, divinity) 23, 30–32, 36, 140,
260
173, 174, 183, 199, 200, 200, 224, 228
– father-in-law 215, 222
Doab 106, 113, 142
– of Karṇa 61
dowry 208, 209
– of Sarasvatī 242
drum 31, 71, 257
– of Sāvitrī 158, 159, 214–216, 218, 220–222,
Duperron 277
224, 227, 242, 271
Durgā 75, 81, 237
– of Sūryā 64, 204, 206, 208, 209, 220, 226,
Durvāsas 244
260
indices ∙ 341
– of the brahmacārin 117
– designation 1–2, 63, 61–82, 189, 190, 193,
– of the initiate 181, 198
199, 223, 231, 238, 240, 239–240, 257,
– of the Vedas 259
259–267
– of Śraddhā 209
– etymology of the word 71, 74, 82
fearlessness 256, 257
– hymn to Savitṛ 2, 43, 44, 47–49, 54, 55, 98,
female 176, 177, 179, 205, 207, 209
99, 105
– ancestors 180
– in Gṛhya rituals (other than the
– deity 25, 191, 193, 218, 225, 238
Upanayana and the Sandhyā) 46, 109,
– son (see also putrikā) 222
112, 118, 129–130, 135, 152–159,
– worshipper 216
160–161, 164–166, 168–169, 182,
fertility 117, 121
266–267
festival 5
– in the initiation ritual (Upanayana) 3,
fever 23
69–71, 84–85, 100–103, 109, 111–137,
fiction, fictitious(ness), fictional 5, 27,
139, 143–146, 151, 151, 153, 163–164,
10–29, 30, 31, 33, 58, 198, 201, 217, 224,
166, 167, 181–182, 188, 189, 193, 232,
228, 232
250, 265–266, 266, 267–269
fire (see also Agni) 14, 15, 51, 66, 73, 86,
– in the Sandhyā 3, 36, 64, 75–77, 103, 123,
102, 115, 120, 122, 151, 157, 164, 165, 176,
146–152, 161–162, 166–168, 189–193,
177, 179, 180, 212, 223
197–199, 232, 239–240, 246–249,
249–261, 263, 266–267, 269, 271–272
– personified/deified 23–25, 47, 65, 157, 253
– in Śrauta rituals 2–3, 45, 67, 70, 83–109,
Fortuna 23–25, 27, 30
115
– meaning and translations of the 41–60,
gā/ gī(/ gai) 71
275–283
Gandharva 99, 155, 204, 205
– modifications/adaptations of the 3–4,
Gaṇeśa 80
77–79, 139, 184, 195, 267
Gaṅgā see Ganges
– personified/deified mantra 4, 7, 77, 140,
Ganges, Gaṅgā 75, 76, 106, 107, 113, 142,
158, 173–200, 223–229, 231–232,
244, 245
246–262, 268–272
Gārhapatya 86, 87, 102
– personified/deified meter 5, 191–192, 197,
garland 256, 257, 262
199, 239, 240, 247, 255, 256, 259–261, 269
Garuḍa (see also IPS → GarP) 25, 31, 257
– song-meter 65, 74, 103
gāthā 16, 74
– spelling of 61
Gāthina 1, 43, 88–91, 93, 95, 97, 101
– status and significance of the 1–5, 6, 7, 9,
Gautama (see also IPS → GautDhS) 88–91,
43, 71, 83, 85, 98–99, 105, 107, 118–119,
94, 96, 97, 156, 157, 217
139–173, 174, 193, 223, 231–232, 238,
Gaya 101, 102
246, 266, 267, 271
gāyatra 62, 65, 67, 71, 82, 103, 163
– syllables of the 44, 68, 73, 121, 169, 188,
– Gāyatra-Upaniṣad (see also Gāyatrī →
238, 250, 251, 252–254, 256, 261, 262
Upaniṣad) 103, 175
– temple dedicated to 5, 246, 272
Gāyatrī
– Upaniṣad 175
– as a prosodic meter 1, 1–2, 6, 43, 44, 60,
go (see also cow) 73–75, 139
62–63, 65–76, 79, 82, 83, 92, 98,
– gosāvitrī 139
103–105, 108, 111, 113, 119, 120,
Greater Magadha 142
122–124, 126–127, 136, 149, 152, 160,
Greek 10, 23, 24, 28, 82, 206
184, 186, 188–193, 199–201, 238, 240,
Gṛhya 45, 140, 145
255, 259, 261, 263, 264, 264, 266, 271,
– Gṛhyapariśiṣṭa (see also IPS →
285–286
ĀśvGSPar, → AVPar, → GPar) 8, 140,
– as a shepherd girl 5, 240
223, 232, 233, 240
342 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas
– Gṛhyasūtra (see also IPS → ĀgnGS, →
husband 165, 176, 177, 203, 206, 210, 211,
ĀpGS, → ĀśvGS, → BhagG, →
213, 215, 219–222, 227, 270
BhārGS → GobhGS, → HirGS, →
– of Sarasvatī 242
JaimGS, → KauṣGS, → KhādGS, →
– of Sāvitrī 204, 205, 212, 215, 216, 220–222,
MānGS, → PārGS, → ŚāṅkhGS, →
224
VaikhGS, → VārGS) 8, 18, 35, 46, 72, 82,
– of Sītā Sāvitrī 211
103, 109, 111, 112, 112–113, 115, 118,
– of Sūryā 207, 220, 227, 260
120, 121, 123, 128, 128–129, 132, 133,
hymn 1, 7, 14–17, 43, 48, 66, 81, 91–97, 101,
136, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 149, 151,
102, 124, 125, 127, 129, 132, 134, 135, 152,
153, 154, 158, 162, 164, 166, 168, 190,
193, 194, 203–205, 212, 219, 265
191, 211, 233, 266
– Nāsadīya Hymn 52
– literature/texts 35, 115, 135
– River Hymn 17
– ritual 10, 11, 13, 16, 31, 109, 113, 128, 129,
– to Savitṛ 2, 43, 44, 47–49, 54, 55, 58, 98, 99,
145, 153, 168, 182, 265
105, 125–127, 136, 265
– ritual and mantras 17, 112, 129
– to Soma 194, 195
– ritual and Śrauta ritual 83, 135, 263
– Vātsapra hymn 91
Grim Reaper 29
– Wedding Hymn 204, 207, 208, 212, 219
groom see bridegroom
Gṛtsamada 95, 97
identity 8, 24, 25, 29, 34, 35, 141, 144, 151,
Gupta 36
164–166, 192, 203, 215, 216, 220, 233, 256,
258, 260, 271
Hare Krishna 19, 20
ideology, ideological(ly) 140, 142, 159, 162
Hasta ( nakṣatra) 116, 118, 130
Iliad 28, 206
head 5, 24, 183, 188, 193, 234, 236, 250, 251,
immortal(ity) (see also amṛta) 22, 66, 186,
254, 256, 258, 259, 262, 271
188, 228, 234
heaven(ly) (see also s( u) var) 48, 66, 99, 125, Impeller see Savitṛ
153, 191, 192, 207, 241, 278, 281, 282
impurity, impure (see also purity,
– personified/deified 49, 93–97, 102, 105, 206
purification) 160, 164, 166
Helen 206, 208, 212, 219, 225
incest(uous) 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 241–243
hermit(age) 215, 217, 232, 245
Indo-Aryan 42, 201
Hindu(ism) 1, 3–6, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 31, 35,
– non-Indo-Aryan 275
36, 51, 71, 103, 115, 140, 142, 144, 146, 152,
Indo-European (IE) (see also
159, 164, 167, 173, 181, 198, 216, 217, 231,
Proto-Indo-European) 205, 208, 219, 226,
236, 241, 266, 271
270
– Brahminical 263, 267
Indra 31, 32, 51, 52, 75, 86–90, 121, 122, 140,
– Classical 36, 140, 231, 271
156, 157, 177, 180, 182, 253, 271
– definition of 3
Indrāṇī 177
– Early 21, 36, 37, 140, 164, 174, 263, 266
Indu 51
– early-medieval 271
initiation (see also Avāntaradīkṣā,
– Smārta 258
Upanayana) 100, 111, 113, 116–118, 120,
honey 129
126, 127, 133, 140, 143–146, 151, 155, 163,
hook 21
178, 180, 233, 267
horse 74, 98, 99, 115, 125, 237
– into society 144
Hotṛ 92, 208–210
– invention of the initiation ritual 128
householder 117, 151, 152, 154, 167, 168, 246
– irregular/additional 123, 124, 128, 265
hṛd( aya) 75, 76, 187, 238, 243, 250–252, 255,
– mantra 3, 35–37, 45, 70, 109, 111–113, 116,
257
119, 121, 123, 126–128, 132, 135, 136,
hu 154, 156, 214, 223, 225
139, 153, 167, 173, 263, 265, 266
Humming (see also om) 77, 155, 183
interpersonal see personal
indices ∙ 343
interspace (see also antarikṣa,
kavaca 237, 250–252
Vyāhṛti) 102, 190
khaṇḍa 175
intrapersonal see personal
king(dom) 3, 23, 32, 64, 74, 207–209, 211, invocation(al), invoke 20, 47, 49, 81, 98, 162,
213–215, 217, 218, 223–225, 227, 234, 270
188, 189, 191, 193, 200, 209, 225, 234, 239,
kīrti 194, 196, 238
240, 254, 269, 276
Kosala 107
– invocational class 14
Kronos 22
– of Gāyatrī 183, 186, 188, 189, 192, 197, 199,
Kṛṣṇa (see also Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda) 19, 20,
240, 247, 269
27, 73, 156, 157, 245
– of Sarasvatī 188, 269
Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (KYV) 87–91, 99, 104,
– of Savitṛ 45, 87, 99, 105, 112, 115, 121, 122,
106, 108, 109, 123, 259
139
Kṣatriya 120, 135, 142, 143, 161–163, 180,
– of Sāvitrī 188, 235, 269
190, 192, 222, 223, 266
ISKCON 19
– and initiation 120, 121, 126, 165, 190
Islam(ic), Muslim 24
– kṣatriyagāyatrī 190
– non-Islamic 3
Kṣemarāja 258
iṣṭi 2, 99
kukṣi 251, 252, 254, 255, 257, 261
Itihāsa (see also epic) 154–157, 232, 251
Kuru 106, 107, 218, 237
Kusīdin 95
jagatī 92–97, 102, 113, 120, 121, 190, 237,
Kutsa 94
266
– sāvitrī 91–93, 104, 105, 120, 123, 125, 126, lake 5
127, 130–133, 152, 190
Lakṣmī 21, 238
– hymn to Savitṛ 127
language (see also Vāc) 5, 8, 10, 11–13, 25, Jahweh see Yahweh
28, 32, 41, 42, 44, 54, 56, 57, 79, 80, 148,
Jainism 3, 142
196, 203, 219, 264, 268, 275, 282
jap( a) (see also ajapa) 20, 73, 76, 77, 147, Leader see netṛ
150, 161, 162, 164, 190, 195, 234, 235, 239,
legitimization/legitimacy, legitimize,
243, 247
legitimately 18, 65, 152, 162, 181
– japya 234, 235, 239
libation 102, 103, 154–156, 223
jātavedas 75
lifespan see āyus
Jayā 21
lightning 26, 176, 177, 179, 254
Jehovah see Yahweh
limb mantra see aṅga
joke(r) 29, 203, 215, 224, 227, 228
liṅga (see also abliṅga; IPS → LiṅgP) 238
Judaism 24
literary character 6, 7, 23, 61, 72, 212, 216,
Juncture see Sandhyā
217, 271
Jupiter (see also Zeus) 24
liturgy, liturgical 9, 15, 41, 84, 87, 108, 121,
Justice 14, 23, 26
133, 134, 139, 239, 264, 266, 269, 272
jyotis 73, 165, 185–187, 236
loka (see also brahman → brahmaloka) 68, 73, 178, 195, 233, 239, 243, 257
Kālidāsa 31
Lomapāda 218
kāṇḍa 63, 64, 66, 156, 193
Lord of Progeny see Prajāpati
Kāṇva 68, 87–90, 95, 97, 130
Lord of Speech see vācaspati
karman (see also IPS → Karm.) 147, 179,
Lord of the Seat see Sadasaspati
181, 223
lotus 214, 244, 257
Karṇa 61
lunar station see nakṣatra
Kauśika (see also IPS → KauśS) 234, 235
Kauṣītaki (see also IPS → KauṣB, →
mace 257
KauṣGS, → KauṣU) 86, 89, 90, 91, 96,
Madhucchandas 91, 97
102, 105–108, 148, 223
Madra 213, 214
344 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas mahādevī see devī
Meghadūta 31
Maharashtra 32
memorization, memorize 151, 163
mahas 50, 65
Mesopotamia 25
Maitrāvaruṇi 94, 96, 101, 124
meter (see also anuṣṭubh; chandas; Gāyatrī
Maitrāyaṇīya (see also IPS → MaitrS, →
→ as a prosodic meter; jagatī; paṅkti;
MaitrU) 106, 123
triṣṭubh)
male 143, 144, 158, 165, 176, 177, 179, 203,
– and alternative sāvitrī s 113, 123, 120–126,
216, 224
139, 190, 266
– deity 6, 25, 52, 53, 156–158, 193, 218, 224,
– and grammatical gender 62
258
– as a selection criterion 86, 104, 129, 133,
manas 64, 125, 130, 176, 179, 195, 235, 247,
136, 177, 265
248, 253
– associations with meters 71, 120, 121
Mānava (see also IPS → MānDhŚ, →
– group of seven meters 191
MānGS, → MānŚS) 94, 96, 143
– meters as objects of worship 153, 155–157,
maṇḍala 245, 257
159, 266
mantha 129
– nature of 71–72, 240
Manu (see also IPS → MānDhŚ) 92, 139,
– personification of (see also Gāyatrī →
242, 243
personified/deified meter) 191
Manuel da Assomcoon, Manoel da
– triad of meters 237
Assumpçam/Assomçaon 275, 276
metrical (see also meter) 16, 44, 74, 80, 92,
manuscript 9, 74–76, 79–81, 179, 190,
95, 99, 179, 186, 188–191, 194, 195, 239,
194–196, 223, 232, 237
248, 252, 259, 261, 264, 269
map 241
– hypermetrical 78, 187, 194
mārjana 147
– principle 16, 85, 91, 98, 101
Mārkaṇḍeya (see also IPS → MārkP) 213,
– unmetrical 194
214
midspace see antarikṣa
marriage, marry (see also nuptial) 5, 113,
Mildew 23
116, 117, 136, 143, 143, 144, 145, 180, 205, milk(y) 86, 100, 161, 244, 247
206, 215, 219–222, 227
– Milky Way 241
– arranged 205, 208
Mīmāṃsā 17, 33
– of Brahmā 243
misapplication, misapply 15
– of celestial bodies 207, 220
Misfortune 23
– of Lomapāda and Śāntā 218
Mistress of Sunlight 206
– of Saṃvaraṇa and Tapatī 218
mithyādhīta 165
– of Sūryā/Sāvitrī 203–205, 208, 209, 215,
Mitra 87–89, 247, 253, 254
220, 227
mixture 60, 67, 129, 251
– śaulka 211
monotheism, -theistic 24, 135, 158
Maruts 92, 101, 102, 253, 254
monsoon 100, 241
Mātariśvan 66, 67, 237
moon 45, 91, 176, 179, 207, 208, 214, 216,
mātṛ (see also Bhārat Mātā; chandas →
220, 254, 256, 257
chandasāṃ mātṛ; Veda → vedamātṛ, →
Mors 24
vedānāṃ mātṛ) 180, 181, 233, 237, 245
mother(hood) 4, 64, 181, 236, 238, 239, 240,
Maudgalya 178–180
244, 259, 269, 271
meaningless(ness) 11–13, 118
– belonging to the Vaiśya class 180, 181
medhā 155–157
– metaphor 181, 239, 240
Medhātithi 87–89, 95, 97, 132
– mothers of the gods 237
medieval 3, 4, 28, 31, 36, 42, 56, 76, 169, 175,
– mothers of the initiate 238
192, 202, 216, 256
– mothers of the Vedas 237–239
– early-medieval 133, 271
– mothers of the world 233
– pre-medieval 35, 42, 56, 58
– of Rohita/ the morning sun 64, 65
indices ∙ 345
– of Sūryā 204
orthoprax(y) 3, 173, 231
– of the initiate 146, 181, 182, 198–200, 217,
269, 271
pad 66
– of the meters/ metrical Vedic texts (see
pāda 4, 53, 64, 66–67, 124, 235
also chandas → chandasāṃ mātṛ) 186,
– pāda s of the GM 50, 67, 129, 162, 177, 179
188–191, 199, 200, 239, 248, 249, 261,
– pāda s of the gāyatrī 44, 68, 121, 124
269, 239–269
– pāda s of the jagatī 121
– of the Vedas 233–240
– pāda s of the triṣṭubh 121
– of the Vedas (see also chandas →
– pāda s of the vedamātṛ verse 194, 196
chandasāṃ mātṛ; Veda → vedabhāvinī,
– b- pāda s in the UVC 18
→ vedajananī, → vedamātṛ, →
– first pāda (a) of the gāyatrī 68
vedānaṃ mātṛ) 36, 63, 77, 174, 178, 182,
– first pāda (a) of the GM 51, 52
184, 189, 194–196, 199, 216, 232, 243,
– halves 252, 261
249, 259–261, 268, 271, 272
– imaginary fourth pāda of the gāyatrī 68
Mughal 275
– recitation of pāda s 111, 112, 124, 160, 180,
Muñja 144, 181
183, 251, 252, 255, 267
Murukaṉ 22
– second pāda (b) of the gāyatrī 68
Muslim see Islam
– second pāda (b) of the GM 51, 56
mytheme 203–205, 219, 220, 226, 227, 242,
– third/last pāda (c) of the gāyatrī 68
243, 270
– third/last pāda (c) of the GM 49, 51, 57, 115
mythology, mythological 16, 28, 205, 206,
Paganism 22
208, 259
Paippalāda (see also IPS → AVP) 130, 193
– class 14
Pañcākṣara-Mantra, Five-Syllable
Mantra 19
Nābhānediṣṭha 96
paṅkti 65, 127, 130
nāga 155
pantheon 22, 254
nakṣatra, lunar station 118, 130, 155, 176,
pāpa 164, 187, 195, 245
179, 247, 255
paramabhāgavata, paramamāheśvara 3
Nakula 95
parent(age) (see also father, mother) 74,
Nārada (see also IPS → NārSm) 215, 236,
180, 198, 204, 205
238, 239
paridāna 118
Nashik 32
partner(ship) (see also spouse) 158, 174,
Nazi 143
177, 180, 183, 197–200, 207, 221, 224, 268
netṛ 93, 102, 132
Pārvatī 221
netra 250–253, 257
paśu 73, 194–196
Nīlakaṇṭha 237
Pāśupata (see also IPS → PāśS) 79, 81
noose 21
paṭh 73, 74
nuptial (see also marriage) 212, 228
Pathyā 101
nyāsa 253, 258
patitasāvitrīka 145
pativratā 213, 222
oblation(al) 213, 214, 223, 233, 244, 266
pattern 4, 53, 71, 87, 92, 93, 99, 102, 120,
– oblational citations/function 14, 15
125, 222, 250, 252, 258
Odin 22, 24
– device 15
offering 20, 22, 147, 156, 164, 223, 268
pāvana 165, 245, 247
ojas 50, 185, 190, 233
pāva( mā) nī 77, 194–196, 239
om 1, 2, 19, 21, 52, 73, 75, 77, 112, 146, 153, Pāyu 87, 89
155, 159, 161, 161, 162, 165, 183, 185–188,
permission 163, 169
190, 245, 254, 255, 267
Persian 275
aural 71
person(hood) (see also personification) 22,
orthodox 120, 144, 147, 167, 232
23, 24–27, 28, 29, 30–32, 54, 58, 59, 64, 68,
346 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas 70, 100, 139, 143–145, 164–166, 182, 197,
priest(ly) 29, 100, 126, 127, 129, 134, 143,
198, 210, 211, 224, 240, 266, 268, 269, 285
144, 160, 164, 265
personal 3, 25, 26, 29–31, 142, 147, 165, 180,
principle (in the application of
199, 224, 275
mantras) 14–18, 35, 86, 112, 113, 123,
– impersonal 23, 31
126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 265
– interpersonal 28, 29, 268
– aesthetic 133
– intrapersonal 28
– associative 17, 125
– non-personal 31, 32
– deity 16, 90–92, 98, 99, 101, 102, 130, 264
personality 24, 27, 231, 271
– metrical 16, 91, 98, 101, 264
personification, personify (see also
– poetic 133
person) 192, 207, 209
– word 99, 101
– in Greek and Roman religion 23
priya 95, 210, 211, 235, 236
– of the Gāyatrī see Gāyatrī →
probation period 116, 117
personified/deified mantra, →
procreation, procreate, procreative 22, 45,
personified/deified meter
46, 88, 116, 117, 121, 176
– of the Vedas (see also Veda →
prosopopeia (see also personification) 27
personified/deified 259
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) 22, 26, 47, 202,
– overview of 24–28
205, 206, 208, 220, 224, 226, 270
Pharaoh 23
prototype, prototypical 176, 205, 240, 264
Plāta 101, 102
Pṛṣṭhya 92, 93
political 133, 142
pseudo 80, 244
polyandry 205
psychological 22, 152
polytheistic 23, 24
Psychomachia 27
pot(sherds) 91, 148, 165, 166
puberty 221, 222
potion 129
Punjab 106, 142
powder 209, 210
puposeful function 15
pra+ cud 2, 4, 42, 44, 49, 51, 57, 57, 58, 59, Purāṇa, Purāṇic (see also IPS → BhāgP, →
80, 98, 103, 122, 177, 179, 183, 188,
BrahmP, → GarP, → KūrmP, → LiṅgP,
194–196, 253
→ MārkP, → MatsyP, → SkandP) 4, 8,
Prajāpati, Lord of Progeny 2, 46, 51, 73,
52, 154–157, 216, 233, 239, 242, 243, 251,
102, 115, 121, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 182,
258
204, 208, 209, 208–209, 210, 211, 216, 217,
purification, purify, purificatory 5, 19, 75,
218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 226, 227, 241–243, 77, 141, 147, 151, 160, 164–166, 168, 195,
254, 260, 271
196, 223, 239, 249, 263, 266
prāṇa 51, 68, 73, 103, 162, 179, 187, 188, 194,
Puruṣamedha 85, 86, 99, 105, 107, 109, 116
196, 247, 250, 262
Pūṣan 92, 116, 204, 253
prapāṭhaka 78, 184
Pushkar 5, 240
prasavitṛ 90, 98
putrikā 218, 219, 222, 227
prasūti 88
pratīka 53, 62, 63, 72, 91, 95, 124, 190, 248,
Ra 23
249
rādhas 49, 98
pratyavarohaṇa 152, 153
rain(y) 91, 100, 116–118, 154, 179
Pravargya 45, 86, 100, 101, 105, 107
Rāma (see also IPS → Rām.) 20, 32, 155,
Prāyaṇīyeṣṭi 86, 101, 102, 105
211, 237
prāyaścitta 165, 166, 168, 223, 266
Ṛbhu 93–97, 105
prayer 1, 11, 12, 14, 48, 83, 100, 104, 108,
ṛc 43, 61, 66, 68, 157, 162, 169, 176, 179, 256,
114, 115, 122, 135, 193, 278–282
257
precursor 128, 142, 173, 185, 199, 202, 205,
– post-Ṛgvedic 119
218, 226, 265, 270
– Ṛgveda (see also IPS → ṚV) 14, 43, 85,
pregnancy, pregnant 146
107, 134, 154–157, 257
indices ∙ 347
– Ṛgvedabhāṣya 56
Rudra 4, 51–53, 100, 156, 187, 188, 250,
– Ṛgvedic 13, 16, 17, 41, 53, 57, 60, 71, 83, 87,
253–258
92, 93, 104, 108, 123, 126–128, 131, 132,
– Rudragāyatrī 78, 79
134, 136, 203, 205, 208, 219, 220, 241,
– rudrasāvitrī 78
259, 265, 287
rājan 208–210, 214, 223, 225
– Ṛksaṃhitā 129, 134, 136, 163
Rājasūya 180
– Ṛk device 16
reality 9, 17, 22, 27, 30–33, 181, 201
sacramental class 14
rebirth 117, 127, 146, 178
sacrifice(r), sacrificial 22, 44, 48, 50, 66, 90,
recension 36
99, 100, 115, 116, 122, 155, 176, 177, 179,
– of the AV 63, 130
207, 220, 234, 236
– of the BṛhĀU 68, 70, 71
– and studentship 122
– of the MBh 74, 237
– cord 144
– of the MNārU 78, 174, 184, 185, 187, 189,
– enclosure 180
192, 193, 197, 199, 233, 248, 256, 269
– payment for a 160
– of the SV 103
Ṣaḍaha 92, 93
– of the VājS 130
Ṣaḍakṣara-Mantra, Six-Syllable Mantra 19
reform 4, 5
Sadasaspati, Lord of the Seat 154, 156, 157,
religion, religious 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9–12, 22–24,
159
26–29, 33, 45, 46, 65, 82, 84, 85, 115, 118,
Sādhana 95
123, 142, 143, 151, 159, 161, 173, 174, 191,
sage (see also Ṛṣi) 16, 17, 125, 178, 213, 236,
198, 201, 202, 204, 213, 228, 232, 248, 260,
242, 244, 251
263–265, 268
– device 16
– and creativity 29
Sāhib Kaul 254
– authority 202
śakti 21, 182
– belief 27, 28
sāman 68, 103, 157, 176, 179, 244, 256, 257
– cosmos/universe 154, 159, 169
– Sāmaveda, -vedic (see also IPS → SV, →
– fiction 217
SVJ) 103, 105, 154–157, 175, 199, 236,
– history 3, 30
257
– identity 258
Saṃskāra 113, 143
– manual 173
samudra 155, 233
– new forms of 3
Saṃvaraṇa 218
– practice 5, 168, 217, 222, 228, 256, 259
Saṃvarta 97
– studies 10, 11, 263
Sandhyā, Juncture 3, 36, 75–77, 80, 103, 109,
– text 1, 6, 28, 140, 231, 263
123, 146–152, 154, 155, 162, 167, 168, 184,
– tradition/current/movement 3, 4, 11, 85,
189–192, 197, 232, 234, 244, 246–249, 253,
142
255–258, 260, 261, 266, 269, 271, 272
repetition, repetitive 18, 20, 75, 152, 160,
– sandhyāvidyā 192, 193
164, 166, 168, 217, 223, 225, 246, 266
– and the Upanayana 103
rework(ing) 30, 36, 178, 183, 268
– as a prāyaścitta 166, 168
rite of passage 144, 145, 167, 267
– goddess (in the) 239, 240, 246–249, 256,
river(ine) 7, 17, 45, 106, 238, 241, 242, 244,
260, 261, 263, 272
262, 272
– in the earliest texts 146, 239
Ṛjisvan 91
– meaning of the word 150, 168
Rohita 63, 64
– myth 141, 148, 149, 168
Rome, Roman(ization) 10, 23, 24, 28–30
– performer of the 100, 101, 149, 150, 152
rosary 161, 244, 256–258
– time of performance of the 64, 141, 151,
Ṛṣi 133, 153, 155, 156, 160, 188, 192, 235,
239, 246
236, 250, 251
Śāṅkhāyana (see also IPS → ŚāṅkhĀ, →
Ṛśyaśṛṅga 218
ŚāṅkhGS, → ŚāṅkhŚS) 90, 91, 106, 251
348 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas Sāṅkhyāyana (see also Śāṅkhāyana) 188,
– etymology of the word 61–62
193, 250, 251, 262
– gosāvitrī 139
Sanskrit 1, 7–9, 12, 27, 32, 33, 36, 41, 42,
– rudrasāvitrī 78
45–47, 58, 59, 60, 72, 78, 79, 81, 135, 143,
– sāvitrīvrata 215, 216
159, 190, 202, 208, 211, 212, 220, 231, 232,
– sāvitryupadeśa 112, 180
254, 263, 275, 283
– sāvitrītva 46
– Classical 56, 58, 173
– Sāvitrī story 212–219
– Epic 56, 58, 81
school 16, 83, 91, 104, 106–108, 115, 123,
śānti 129, 218, 234, 236
129, 133, 145, 154, 155, 233, 265, 269
Saptākṣara-Mantra 11
scripture 1, 28, 82
Sārasvata 245
serpents 154
Sarasvatī 5, 7, 34, 91, 185, 187, 188, 192, 193,
shepherd 5, 240
238, 241–246, 254–257, 260, 262, 263, 269,
Shukoh 275, 277
271, 272
siddhi 20, 183
– sarasvatīkalpa 243
śikhā 187, 250–252, 257
– and Brahmā 241, 242, 271
śikhara 197, 244, 248
– as a hermit girl 232, 244, 245
simile device 16
– as member of a triad 188, 189, 192, 199,
sin (see also pāpa) 147, 161, 164, 165, 216
237, 256
Sir William Jones 276
– association/identification with 4, 36, 192,
śiras 165, 186, 187, 235, 250–252, 255, 257
201, 218, 232, 233, 243, 256, 259, 260,
Sītā 203, 209–212, 219, 221, 225, 227
268, 272
Śiva (see also IPS → ŚivDhŚ) 3, 19, 31, 52,
– river 106, 241, 242, 262, 272
53, 140, 221, 246, 251, 258
Śārikā 254
Six-Syllable Mantra see Ṣaḍakṣara-Mantra
Śarmā 4
Skanda (see also IPS → SkandP) 22
Sarvajit 148
sky 12, 45, 48, 68, 70, 103, 129, 161, 176, 177,
Śāryāta 94
179, 186, 188, 190, 214, 253, 257, 258
Śatadruti 212
– personified/deified 26, 241
Śatarūpā 243
Smārta 8, 258
Satyadhṛti 89
Smṛti (see also IPS → MānDhŚ, → NārSm,
satyaprasava 98
→ ParSm, → ViṣṇSm) 8, 150, 155, 202
Satyavat 156, 212, 215–217, 221, 262
snowball 113, 133, 134, 136, 152, 265
saules meita, saulēs dukterys 205
social 65, 117, 120, 126, 136, 141–144, 151,
Savitṛ, Impeller
162, 164–168, 258
– as the sun 26, 45, 46, 51, 52, 59, 61, 114,
society 3, 19, 120, 139, 140, 142–145, 163,
135, 149, 150, 168
169, 266, 267
– associated with (the) sāvitrī 156–159,
Soma 61, 65, 66, 86, 91, 101, 153, 155–157,
175–182, 197–199
191, 204, 205, 207, 245, 253, 254
– day 116, 118
– and Sītā 209–211, 221
– hymn to 2, 43, 44, 47–49, 54, 55, 58, 98, 99,
– and Sūryā 208, 209, 218, 220, 221, 227, 260
105, 108, 109, 125–127, 136, 265
– and the moon 207, 208, 216
– overview of 44–46
– hymn 194, 195
– role of 114–118, 121–122
– ritual 86, 92, 96, 100, 101, 105, 108, 115
– verse see sāvitrī
song 13, 62, 71, 74, 82, 178, 205, 279
sāvitrī (see also daughter → of Aśvapati, →
– song-meter 65, 74, 103
of Prajāpati, → of Savitṛ; Gāyatrī)
South Asia(n) 1, 3, 5, 11, 12, 23, 28–31, 33,
– as a designation 61–71, 119–120
117, 142, 161, 177, 201, 216, 241
– as the sun 46
space 27, 106, 176, 177, 179, 226
– bhāratasāvitrī 139, 285
– interspace (see also antarikṣa, Vyāhṛti)
– durgāsāvitrī 81
179, 186, 188, 253, 257
indices ∙ 349
speech (see also Vāc) 12, 32, 69, 102, 176,
summer 116, 207
177, 179, 191, 192, 234, 241, 268
sun (see also āditya, Savitṛ, sūrya,
– act 12
Sūryā) 26, 45–47, 51–53, 59, 61, 63, 64,
spell 11, 148, 193
73, 100, 114, 121, 135, 147, 148, 176, 177,
spiritual 5, 83, 100, 142, 169
179, 206, 207, 226, 246, 254, 257, 275–277
splendor (see also bhargas) 47, 50, 53, 55,
– and sovereignty 177
97, 102, 108, 111, 112, 154, 157, 160, 182,
– and the sāvitrī 46
194, 217, 228, 264, 278, 280–282
– female 205, 207
spouse (see also partner) 174, 198, 205, 210,
– in the initiation ritual 46
226, 268, 270
– in the Sandhyā (myth) 147–150, 168
spring 255
– maiden 205
śraddhā 155–157, 209, 210, 221, 286
– night 216
śrāddha 153
– personified/deified 23, 27, 45, 46, 61, 64,
Śrauta
83, 114, 183, 190, 204–208, 216, 218–221,
– revision 145
275, 276, 278, 280–282
– ritual 2, 3, 15–18, 83, 109, 115, 121, 122,
– sunrise 26, 48, 64, 65, 146, 148–150, 165,
128, 139, 180, 181, 263, 266
168, 209, 246, 247, 258
– Śrautasūtra (see also IPS → ĀpŚS, →
– sunset 48, 55, 64, 146, 148–150, 189, 246,
ĀśvŚS, → BaudhŚS, → BhārŚS, →
247
HirŚS, → KātyŚS, → MānŚS, →
superficial class 14
ŚāṅkhŚS, → VādhŚS, → VaikhŚS) 8,
superhuman 24, 30, 31
84, 87–89, 92, 101, 106, 128
supernatural 23, 30
śrī 50, 157, 180, 182, 187, 238, 255
Sūryā 4, 6, 36, 61–64, 150, 158, 202–203,
– Śrīrām 4
204–212, 213, 215, 217–221, 225–227, 241,
Śruṣṭigu 87–90
260, 263, 270
Śruti 155, 202, 224
sūrya (see also sun) 45, 46, 121, 155, 204,
staff 256, 257
206, 208, 209, 218, 220, 221, 247, 255
storm 24
Sutlej 241
student (see also brahman →
s( u) var 2, 12, 77, 95, 103, 112, 129, 162, 165, brahmacārin) 3, 30, 111, 118, 124, 125,
185, 187, 257
151, 178–180, 182, 233, 258
svādhyāya 147, 153, 160
– (re)birth of the 117, 120, 145, 146
Svasti 101
– activity of the 117, 150–152, 156, 165, 167,
– Svastyātreya 93, 96
246
svayaṃvara 205, 211, 214, 221, 222
– and celibacy/marriage 116, 117
Śyāvāśva 93, 101, 125
– and mental power 115
symbol(ism), symbolic, symbolize 5, 63, 71,
– and speech 69
146, 163, 167, 177, 180, 207, 216, 251
– ex-student 155
– symbol device 16
– social identity of the 151
– studentship (see also brahman →
tad (in the GM and its
brahmacarya) 112, 117, 122, 125, 127,
modifications/adaptations) 4, 8, 44, 47,
136, 139, 143, 151, 155, 163, 167, 178
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 59, 62, 91, 98, 103, 112, su 44
124, 125, 130, 160, 185, 187, 190, 252, 253
sū 44, 46, 59, 92, 99, 100, 102, 125, 214
Taittirīya (see also IPS → TaittĀ, → TaittB,
substrate 241, 255
→ TaittS, → TaittU) 50, 85, 87–89, 91,
successor 4, 23, 46, 212, 217, 227, 241, 242,
106–109, 184
270
Tantra (see also IPS → PañcT) 8, 20, 231
Śūdra 5, 143, 147, 163, 165, 166
Tantric(ize), Tantricization 7, 8, 10, 18, 20,
Śukla-Yajurveda (ŚYV) 45, 85, 89, 98–100,
21, 174, 185, 193, 233, 240, 249–251,
104, 105, 107–109
253–255, 257–259, 261, 272
350 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas
– Age 185, 231, 261, 263, 268
– and the Upākaraṇa 116, 117
– mantras 11, 18–21, 36, 250, 251, 261
– and Śrauta ritual 85, 100–102, 105, 115,
tapas 64, 65, 162, 185, 187, 215, 245
128–130, 136
Tapatī 218, 219, 260
– appropriate age for undergoing the 121
tejas 217
– extension/modification of the 145, 164,
temple 5, 30, 32, 246, 272
169
Thanatos 24
– function 122
Thar desert 241
– irregular/additional 123, 124, 128, 265
theophany 28
– passage 69, 70, 111
thunder 26, 30, 148, 176, 177, 179
– revision of the 265
torch 206, 218
Upaniṣad(ic) (see also IPS → BṛhĀU, →
trā 68
ChāndU, → JaimUB, → KaṭhU, →
traiṣṭubha 71
KauṣU, → MaitrU, → MNārU, →
tṛca 43
MuṇḍU, → PraśnU, → SāvU, → ŚvetU,
triad 192, 237, 256
→ TaittU) 8, 50, 53, 67, 68, 103, 123,
trident 257
173–175, 183–185, 196, 197, 202, 261
trimūrti 258
– date of the Upaniṣads 67
triplet 43, 93, 135
– Early 31, 46, 158, 175
Triśiras 91
Uṣas (see also dawn) 206, 241
triṣṭubh 65, 71, 87–89, 91, 92, 94–97, 101, uṣṇih 65, 89
102, 113, 190, 194, 237, 266
Utsarga (see also Utsarjana) 155
– sāvitrī 93–95, 97, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126,
Utsarjana (see also Utsarga) 156
127, 131–133, 152, 190
Uttar Pradesh 107
– Gāyatrī 190
– hymn to Savitṛ 127
Vāc (see also speech) 12, 68, 69, 176, 179,
truth 33, 51, 68, 162, 180, 186, 188
191, 234, 241, 242, 268
Tryambaka 19
– vācaspati, Lord of Speech 99
tuft 188, 250, 256
vācaka 21
Tvaṣṭṛ, Carpenter 156, 157
vācya 21
Tvāṣṭra 91
Vaiśvadeva-Śastra 16, 86, 91–97, 105, 106,
Twelve-Syllable Mantra see
108, 264
Dvādaśākṣara-Mantra
Vaiśvāmitra 91, 97
twice-born (see also dvija, dvijāti) 73, 75, Vaiśya, Commoner 120, 121, 126, 161, 163,
144, 145, 147, 148, 161, 180, 189, 194–196,
165, 180, 181, 190
214, 232, 235, 249, 261, 266, 267, 269
Vājapeya 45
twilight (see also Sandhyā) 146, 147, 150,
Vājasaneyin (see also IPS → VājS) 86, 89,
154, 166, 168, 207, 246, 247
98, 100, 105–107
Tyche 23
vajra 148
Vāmadeva 89–91, 94, 96, 97, 156, 157
unguent 143, 144, 256, 257
vāmadevya 212, 247
universe 2, 51, 53, 120, 169, 176, 238, 241
vara 183, 185, 187, 188, 192, 194–197, 205,
upa+ ās 77, 146, 147, 150, 151, 168, 182, 190
208, 214, 248
Upākaraṇa 103, 116–118, 154–156
varcas (see also brahmavarcas) 50, 264
upākhyāna 212
vareṇya 44, 47, 49, 51–53, 59, 62, 98, 103,
Upanayana (see also initiation) 3, 46, 69,
125, 133, 154, 160, 179, 183, 252
70, 84, 103, 109, 111, 112, 112, 113–115,
varman 250
117–127, 128, 132–136, 139–141, 143, 144,
Varṇa 120, 136, 142, 166, 187, 190, 250, 257
144, 145, 146, 151, 153, 155, 163, 167, 181,
Varuṇa 50, 75, 89, 122, 176, 177, 179, 216,
188, 189, 191, 193, 232, 250, 266, 267, 269
247, 253–255
– and the Sandhyā 103
Varuṇāni 177
indices ∙ 351
Vāruṇi 89
– mid-Vedic 35, 46, 56, 68, 263
Vasiṣṭha 94, 124, 156, 157
– non-Vedic 74, 199, 202, 233, 250, 258
Vasubandhu 12
– period/era 3, 45, 62, 78, 79, 103, 106, 140,
Vāsudeva 19, 21
142, 145, 148, 149, 159, 208, 219, 264
Vatsa 64, 65, 245
– poets 48
va( u) ṣaṭ 75, 155, 159, 253
– post-Vedic 4, 7, 45, 46, 50, 79, 85, 148, 168,
Ved Mandir 32
173, 187, 191
Veda (see also see also Atharvan; epitome
– religion 6, 46, 65, 85, 123, 142, 191, 198,
→ of the Veda[s]; father → of the Vedas;
204, 263, 268
IPS → AV, → AVP, → ṚV, → SV, → SVJ;
– study see Veda → study of the
Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda; mother → of the Vedas,
Videha 107
→ mothers of the Vedas; personification
vidhātṛ see dhātṛ
→ of the Vedas; Ṛgveda; sāman →
vidyā 73, 188, 192, 193, 221
Sāmaveda; Śukla-Yajurveda; Yajurveda)
viniyoga 189
– and authority 162, 163, 202
vipra 44, 76, 97, 125, 155, 162, 214, 235, 236
– as a present 210, 211
Virūpa 91, 155
– as draught-animals 237
vision(ary) 28, 48, 57, 279–281
– compression/condensation/reduction/
Viṣṇu (see also IPS → ViṣṇDh, →
essence of the (see also epitome → of
ViṣṇSm) 3, 4, 19, 24, 31, 51, 52, 77, 78,
the Veda[s]) 1, 3, 141, 162–164, 167, 169,
80, 140, 155, 156, 187, 188, 250, 253–258
259, 267, 271
– Viṣṇugāyatrī 79, 285
– creation/origins/source of the 161, 209,
visualization, visualize (see also dhyā) 6,
237, 238, 240, 241
20, 21, 51, 52, 56, 59, 192, 247, 256–258, 275
– exegetes 51
Viśvajit 103
– personified/deified 32, 236, 244–246, 259,
Viśvāmitra 1, 17, 43, 87–91, 93, 95–97, 101, 271
135, 157, 160, 187, 188, 250, 264
– study of the (see also svādhyāya) 116, 118,
Viśve Devas see All Gods
122, 123, 143, 160, 163, 169, 238, 243, 265
Vivekananda 4, 5
– vedabhāvinī 234
vṛ, vṝ 47, 50, 55, 59, 102, 124, 125, 129, 130,
– vedajananī 234, 239
206, 211, 214
– vedamātṛ (see also chandas → chandasāṃ
Vyāhṛtis (see also bhū, bhuvar, s[ u] var) 2, mātṛ; mother → of the Vedas) 4, 9, 63,
2, 12, 67, 77, 81, 101, 103, 105, 107, 111, 77, 184, 191, 194, 194, 195, 195, 196, 199, 112, 129, 146, 152, 153, 159, 161, 162, 186,
233–235, 237–239, 271
254, 255, 258, 267, 277
– vedamātṛ verse 174, 184, 189, 193–197,
– as objects of worship 155
199, 200, 234, 249, 253, 269
– seven 186
– vedānāṃ mātṛ (see also chandas →
– the Great 155, 161, 162
chandasāṃ mātṛ) 182, 234, 237, 238
– vedāṅga 252
water (see also ap) 124, 129, 147–149, 176,
– vedānta 238
177, 179, 186, 188, 189
– Vedas as objects of worship 32, 154–157,
– Waters 19, 50
182
weapon(ry) 245, 250, 251
Vedic (see also Atharvan → Atharvavedic;
wife 165, 176, 213, 215, 216, 222
ṛc → Ṛgvedic; sāman → Sāmaveda,
– housewife 151, 177
-vedic; yajus → Yajurveda, -vedic)
– of a yakṣa 31
– early-Vedic 26, 45, 48, 84, 116, 202, 204,
– of Brahmā 5, 177, 216, 218, 240, 242, 260,
205
263, 271
– language 44, 56, 196
– of Prajāpati 218
– late-Vedic 35, 56, 90, 105, 107, 109, 111,
– of Rāma 211
120, 145, 168, 174, 177, 265, 266
– of Satyavat 262
352 ∙ gāyatRī: mantRa and motheR of the vedas
– of Savitṛ 204
Yājñikī-Upaniṣad 183
– of Soma 211, 218
yajus 68, 157, 179, 256, 257
– wives of the gods 177
– Yajurveda, -vedic (YV) (see also
wind 45, 118–120, 136, 161, 176, 177, 179,
Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda, Śukla-Yajurveda) 83,
186, 189, 237, 254
93, 102, 104, 105, 109, 154–157, 236, 257
– personified/deified 192, 253, 254
yakṣa 31, 155
winter 207
Yama 75, 215, 216, 234, 235
womb 79, 176, 178, 180, 181, 188, 198, 250
Yamuna 106, 107, 142
wooer (see also vara) 204, 207, 208
YHWH see Yahweh
yoga 5, 244, 245
Yahweh, YHWH, Jahweh, Jehovah 22, 24
Yudhiṣṭhira 75
yajña 44, 45, 50, 66, 75, 99, 122, 130, 155,
157, 176, 177, 179, 234, 236
Zeus (see also Jupiter) 24, 26, 206
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