GENERAL INDEX

Abammon, Neo-Platonist, 612. Abhilalapant, a spirit, 214.

Abodes of the dead, 408-16. Aborigines, influence of, 18, 24, 31, 54, 91, 92, 100, n. 5, 130, 149, 206, 238, 415, 476, n. 1, 629-84; relation of, with Vedic Aryans, 9. See also Dravidians. Absolute, 593, 594; see Brahman. Absolute idealism, determinism of, 596; similarity to doctrine of the Upanisads, 600.

Abstinence from intercourse after death,

Abstract deities, 65, 66, 208-19, 361, 369,

Abuse, see Ribaldry.

Acarya of family, 374, 375.

Achaeans, in Greece, 10, 52, 53, 628, n. 5. Achaimenidai, 615.

Achāvāka, priest, 294, 298, 209, 328, 329,

Actions, 554, 556, 557; see also karman. Activity (pravṛtti), 483.

Adhvaryu, priest, 16, 17, 159, 252, 253, 254, 294, 295, 298, 311, 315, 319, 320, 325, 328, 336, 349, 353, 430. Aditi, goddess (Unermesslichkeit, v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p. 103), 62, 70, 81, 82, 88, 99, 105, 125, 161, 191, 200, 215-17, 244, 248, 341, 342, 360, 411, 438, 620, n. 1. Adityas, 38, 34, 62, 82, 86, 95, 113, 122, 134,

158, 176, 206, 215, 216, 222, 223, 229, 244, 248, 260, 270, 279, 331, 336, n. 4, 343, 360, 416, 457, 458, 464, 482, 577.

Adonis, 187.

Adultery, of wife assumed in Varunapraghāsas, 321, 475; regarded as sinful, 585. Aegean religion (cf. CAH. ii. 612 ff.), 19, 37,

39, 58, 74, n. 5, 629.

Aetiological myths, 125, n. 7, 128, n. 1, 132,

Affection, see Desire.

Agastya, and the Maruts, 151. Age of the Avesta, 614-19. Age of the Rigveda, 3-8, 616-19. Aghamarṣaṇa, a sage, 523, n. 1. Aghnya, sun or pole star, 202.

Aghora, deity, 213. Agnǎyl, wife of Agni, 218.

Agni, god, 2, 36, 59, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 95, 96, 108, 105, 106, 112, 114, 115, 120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 185, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151, 154- 62, 163-6, 167, 169, 174, 176, 177, 179, 183, 188, 192, 196, 199, 200, 205, 206, 220, 221, 222, 223, 233, 244, 246, 247, 248, 255, 261, 208, 272, 273, 279, 280, 286, 292, 308,

310, 317, 319, 320, 321, 327, 331, 334, 353, 355, 359, 376, 402, 407, 419, 428, 435, 455, 458, 464, 465, 466, 486, 527, 576, 581, 620. 625.

Agni, VaiŚvānara, 484.

Agnidh, priest, 252, 294, 296.

Agnidhra, priest, 294, 298, 320, 325, 327. Agnimindha, priest, 252.

Agniṣoma, dual deity, 221.

Agohya, host of the Rbhus, 177, 178. Agricultural offerings, 57, 256, 866. Agriculture, spirits of, 186, 187, 306. Ahalya, wife of Gautama, seduced by Indra,

132, 244, 471.

Ahi, serpent demon, 193.

Ahi Budhnya, deity, 62, 142, 193, 204, 862. Ahura Mazdah, 33, 90, 128, 134, 231, 247,

448, 461, 616, 620.

Aias, Indian parallel to madness of, 686. Aila, epithet of Pururavas, 200.

Aion, alleged Indian origin of doctrine of the,

635, n. 9.

Air, as element, 613, and see Elements, and

vāyu.

Aiṣakṛta, Śitibahu’s Soma stolen by Indra,

Aischylos, Greek tragedian, 602.

Aitareya Aranyaka, 391, 490, 498, 499, 512,

519, 523, 571, 578.

Aitareya Brahmana, 17, 19, 26, 29, 86, 110, 115, 125, 139, 145, 148, 156, 176, 198, 208, 219, 270, 271, 333, 343, 394, 895, 447, 518, 586, 632.

Aitareya Upanisad, 19, 498, 499, 502, 510,

520, 521, 524, 525, 581, 557, 568, 573. AitaŚãyana Ajaneyas, priests, 226.

640

General Index

Aja Ekapad, deity, 62, 80, 136, 137, 166, 175,

192, 362.

Ajas, tribe, 196.

AjātaŚatru, King, 21, 22, 493, 517. Ajātasattu, patron of the Buddha, 22. Ajigarta, father of CunahŚepa, 282, 288. Ajita Kesakambalin, teacher, 550. Ajya Śastra, 315, 829.

Akhenaten (Ikhnaton), religious reformer (CAH. ii. 109 ff.), views on sun (for a different opinion see Sethe cited in JRAS. 1924, p. 825), 518. Akhyānas, 344.

Akuli, demon, 233, 462.

Akūpāra KaŚyapa, cosmic tortoise, 81, n. 3,

82, n. 9, 242.

Alexander, invasion of India, 30. Alfr, Norse parallel of elf, 38. Alikhant, demon, 240.

Alkaios, prayer to Dioskouroi, 117.

Alkman, alleged reference to Soma in,

171, n. 3.

Allegorical myths, 60. Allegories, 499.

All-gods, ViŚve Devās, 2, 89, 93, 136, 218, 214, 221, 265, 270, 300, 301, 323, 327, 329, 348, 359, 427.

All-soul, see ātman.

Alpine brachycephalics, Indo-Europeans as, 12, 627, n. 3, 634, n. 2; opposed to Indo- Europeans, 634.

Altars, as symbols of Soma guardians, 68. Amāvāsyā, new moon night, offerings to,

Ambala, place of abode of Rigvedic Indians,

Ambika, sister or mother of Rudra, 144, 149,

Ambrosia (amṛta), 167, 168, 170, 171, 172,

623, 624.

Ameśa Spenta, Iranian deitics, 33, 34, 217. Amma, Dravidian goddess, 199, n. 9, 200. Ammianus Marcellinus, cited, 615. Amphidromia, 367, n. 6. Amulets, 888.

Anagha, goddess, 186.

Anahita, Iranian deity, 178, n. 4, 614. AnarŚani, demon, 236.

Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher (c. 440 B.C.),

544, 594, 604, n. 1, 611, 635.

Anaximander, Greek philosopher (6th cent.

B.C.), 603.

Anaximenes, Greek philosopher (6th cent.

B.C.), 613.

Anchorite, 490, 589, and see Asceticism.

Andaman islanders, religion of, 46. Andhakas, Buddhist school, views of the,

Androgynous character of Indra, 125;

of the primeval being, 462, n. 10, 620. Auga, tribe, 632.

Angāraka, planet, 200, 528, n. 9. Angelus Silesius, mystic, 600, n. 2. Anger, see Wrath.

Añgiras, 83, 95, 104, 128, 158, 244, 317. Añgirases, priestly family, 223, 224, 228, 261,

300, 336, n. 4, 419, 431. Añguttara Nikaya, 484. Aniconic worship, 48, n. 3, 56. Animal fetish, 68-71, 190.

Animal form of gods, 133, 151, 195, 208;

see also Theriomorphism. Animal heat, Agni, as, 157.

Animal sacrifice (for Egypt, cf. Wiedemann, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 70), 13, 40, 47, 48, 56, 164, 270, 271, 296, 298, 324-6, 327, 333, 334, 390.

Animal worship, 63, 74, n. 5, 187, 193, 194,

197, 323, 362, 364, 365.

Animals, in the Upanisads, 506; self in,

523; transmigration of, 526.

Animatism, 42, n. 3, 74, 120, 185, 204, n. 1,

213, 236, 380, 388, 626, 631. Animiṣa, demon, 240.

Animism, 42, 43, 71-5, 204, n. 1, 236, 240,

380, 388, 497, 626, 631.

Anna Perenna, Latin legend of, 623. Anna Petronilla, Christian legend of, 623. Annihilation, as fate of dead, 409. Anointing, in ritual, 841, 355, 377. AnŚa, an Aditya, 86, 99, 100. Antaka, deity, 218, 408.

Antelope, horn and skin, use in ritual, 301,

302, 303, 386.

Ant heaps, 287, 322, 384, 386, 387, 392, 307. Anthesteria, Greck festival, 412. Anthropomorphic deities, 237. Anthropomorphism, 47, 58-61, 74, 87, 95,

119, 154, 166, 621, 626.

Antigone, alleged derivation of motif from

India, 601.

Ants, 194, 382, 387, 397; occasional worship of, 63; slay Visṇu, 112; water and, 142.

Anu, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8.

Anumati, goddess, 199, 201, 211, 341, 355,

360, 365, 372, 445. Anumroka, Kimidin, 239. Anus (payu), 554.

Anus, people, 9.Anusarpa, Kimidin, 289. Apakhyātṛ, spirit, 214.

General Index

Apālā, passed by Indra through a hole, 188,

884, 885.

Apalalapant, spirit, 214.

Apam Napāt, deity, 31, 122, 185, 186, 174,

204, n. 2, 279.

Apam Napāt, in Avesta, 135.

Apaośa (Apavurta), Avestan demon, 127. Aparajita palace, 407, n. 7, 584. Apastamba Dharma Sutra, 29, 416. Apastamba Gṛhya Sūtra, 28. Apastamba Śrauta Sūtra, 28, 298. Ape form of Rakṣases, 237.

Apollo (as Hellenic, Bethe, Festschrift Jacob Wackernagel, pp. 14-21), 155, n. 2, 160, n. 1, 197.

Apollonides, Greek physician at the Persian

Court, 602.

Apotropaeic worship of snakes, 198, 194. Apsarases, water nymphs, 24, 60, 142, 179-

84, 263, 268, 299, 301, 474, 577.

Apsu, chaos, 81, n. 2.

Aptya, 134, 135, and see Trita. Apvā, demon, 386. Ara, sea, 584.

Arachosia, 7, 91.

Araḍā, goddess, 180.

Aramati (Armaiti), in Avesta, 65, n. 3, 211. Aranya Gāna, of Sāmaveda, 16, n. 1, 490. Aranyaka, 389, 489, 490, 491, 492, 499. Aranyaka Samhita, 490. Aranyani, deity, 185.

Araru, demon, 233, 384.

Arāti, Aratis, demons of avarice, 211, 289,

Arbhavapavamāna Stotra, 330.

Arbuda, foe of Indra, 130, 184.

Arbuda Kādraveya, snake priest (ef. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p. 77), 194,

Arbudi, demon, 400.

Archery, in ritual, 258, 351, 889.

Arcion, legend of, 198.

Ariṣṭanemi, and Tarkṣya, 190. Ariṣţanemi, Jain saint, 619.

Aristotle, Greek philosopher (884-822 B.C.), 486, n. 3, 507, 528, n. 1, 588, 563, 603, 611, 684, 685, 636.

Arjiklya river, 7, 8.

Arjuna, mystic name of Indra (ŚB. v. 4.8.7: not connected with Arjuna of epic qua hero, but possibly with Arjuna in Pāṇini, iv. 8. 98), 456, n. 8. Arka, planet, 200.

21

[H.0.8. 32]

Armour, deified, 188. Arnava, ocean, 175.

Arrow, deified, 188.

641

Arrows of Kama (cf. Konow, Festschrift

Jacob Wackernagel, p. 5), 210. Arsakes, Iranian name, 7. Arṣanukramaṇi, 19.

Artabhāga, sage, 573, 579. Artaxerxes I, 614. Artaxerxes II, 602, 614.

ArthaŚastra, Kauţillya, 481, n. 12, 491, n. 5,

Aru, an Asura, 238.

Aruna, post-Vedic charioteer of the sun, 191,

n. 4, 202; cf. Kanisian arunas, 617. Aruna AupaveŚi, teacher, 473. Aruṇaketu, mythical sage, 443. Aruṇaketuka fire, 482.

Arundhati, plant, used to heal a bone,

Arundhati, star, 201, 375, 416. Aruneya Upanisad, 589, n. 4. Aruṇi, sage, 493.

Aruñmaghas or Arurmaghas, slain by Indra,

188, 233.

Arunta belief as to entry of child into

mother, 878, n. 6.

Arurmaghas, slain wickedly by Indra, 183. Arval Brethren, 291; worship theirollae, 269. Aryaman, deity, 86, 91, 93, 96, 374, 376. Aryan conception of the heaven, 621-8. Aryans, 234, 299, 337, 351, 618, 621-9. Aryo-Dravidians, and Indo-Aryans, 11, 12;

see also Dravidians.

AŚa, spirit, 57, 186.

AŚani, name of Rudra, 144.

AŚapati, deity, 57.

AŚoka, Buddhist emperor, 30, 682. AŚrama Upanisad, 589, n. 4.

AŚramas, stages of life, 587-9.

AŚvalayana Gṛhya Sūtra, 28, 411, 421.

AŚvalayana Śrauta Sutra, 28, 298.

AŚvapati Kaikeya, King, 459, 484, 493, 496,

515, 517, 585.

AŚvina Śastra, 336.

AŚvini, sacrifice on full moon, 362,

AŚvini, wife of the AŚvins, 115, and see

Sūryā.

AŚvins, twin deities, 275, 280, 284, 810, 328,

332, 353, 368, 365.

Aṣāḍhi SauŚromateya, sacrificer, 463. Aṣṭaka, son of ViŚvāmitra, 406, n. 4. AṣṭācatvārinŚa Stoma, 314.

Aśera, Semitic (CAH. ii. 348), 67.

Aśśur, not Asura (cf. H. Sköld and F. W.

642

General Index

Thomas, JRAS. 1924, pp. 265 ff.; on Aśśur, cf. CAH. i. 231; ii. 848, 709, n. 1),

Asceticism, 801, 402, 480, 485, 497, 508, 514, 515, 516, 517, 576, 577, 578, 585, 018; see also Muni and Yatis.

Ash, Germanic, as sacred, 172, n. 2. Asia Minor, religion in, 87.

Asikni, river, 152.

Asita Dhanva, King of Asuras, 284. Asnatare, Iranian counterpart of Potr, 294. Ass, in myth, 69, 114, 192; in ritual, 266,

267, 271, 279; offered to Rakṣases, 324. Assara Mazāś, 5, n. 8, 616.

Assimilation of offering to the character of

the deity, 279, 280. Assyria, 83, n.

Astronomical data, as evidence of age of the

Rigveda, 4; the Brahmanas, 22,

Asunīti, deity, 211.

Asura, form of marriage, 373.

Asura, lord, 13, 232, 233, 447; see also Ahura

Mazdah.

Asura Maya, in epic, 96, n. 6.

Asuras, demons, 24, 26, 33, 35, 36, 78, 75, 88, 95, 96, 110, 111, 131, 142, 153, n. 9, 159, 179, 207, 231-4, 244, 272, 430, 455, 456, 457, 459, 464, 470, 471, 478, n. 8, 481, 623.

Atar, Iranian, 185, 161, 225.

Atarevakhśa, Iranian parallel of the Agnidh,

Aten (Aton) worship, alleged Indo-Iranian influence on (Cumont, Astronomy and Religion, pp. 78 ff.; CAII. ii. 400; but see Breasted, Development of Religion and Thought, p. 367, n. 1), 26, 103, n. 5. Atharvan, Atharvans, priests, 84, 116, 161,

166, 223, 224, 225, 228, 261, 443. Atharvañgiras, 225.

Atharvaveda, 1, 14, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 29, 52, 64, 68, 73, 76, 78, 82, 89, 91, 92, 97, 103, n. 1, 104, 109, 118, 124, 184, 187, 142, 143, 144, 147, 155, 158, 159, 161, 170, 174, 176, 180, 181, 182, 184, 188, 192, 193, 207, 208, 209, 218, 221, 223, 229, 231, 238, 245, 247, 292, 388, 375, 382, 393, 894, 399, 402, 405, 406, 414, 417, 428, 427, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 451, 454, 458, 485, 503, 510, n. 8, 531, 538, 553, 560, 575, 604, 621. Atharvaveda PariŚiṣṭa, 891, 632. Athene, Greek goddess (non Indo-European

name, CAH. ii, 616), 425. Athravan, Iranian priest, 34, 161, 225. Athwya, Iranian sacrifice, 34, 118, 184, 171.

Atidhanvan, royal (?) philosopher, 498. Atithigva Divodāsa, relation to Indra, 129,

Atlas, in Greek mythology, 80.

Atmosphere, 33, 90, 128, 184, 247, 486, 520, n.7, 561, 593, 594, 595; offerings to, 213. Atreya, priest as scapegoat, 263. Atri, Atris, priests, 1, 91, 92, 227, 291, 489. Atri Saptavadhri, rescued by the AŚvins,

Attention, 535, 554.

Attis, Anatolian deity, 187.

Attraction by magic of beneficial sub-

stances, 386-8. Augenblicksgötter,

momentary

Usener’s theory of, 44, 45.

gods,

Aupamanyava, grammarian, his views on

Niṣādas, 299.

Aupanisada, school, 512.

Aupaniṣadika sections of ArthaŚāstra and

Kama Sutra, 401, n. 5.

Auramazdā, Persian form of Ahura Mazdah,

Aurava, Kutsa, son of Indra, 125. Aurṇavabha, demon, 193.

Aurṇavabha, grammarian, derivation of

Hotṛ, 254, n. 1.

Aurora, Roman deity, 38, 121. Austerity, see Asceticism. Australian religion, 49, 52.

Australian tribes, supreme deity among, 42. Australo-Veddaic, Pre-Dravidians as, 634. Austric languages, 633.

Avayas (perhaps Avayaj, Macdonell, Vedic Grammar, § 302, but dubiously), priest,

Averting of face at sacrifice, 172, n. 11, 281. Avesta, 32, 60, 63, 110, 128, 134, 187, 139,

161, 171, 180, 193, 211, 220, 231, 232, 233, 249, 254, 286, 294, 299, 345, 353, n. 3, 406, 408, 409, 420, 448, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624; age of the, 614-19. Avoidance of use of name of Rudra,145,146. Axe, ordeal by, 893.

Ayu, foe of Indra, 129, 228. Aži Dahāka, Iranian demon, 134.

Babylon, alleged reference in Rigveda to

capture of, 4.

Babylonian religious influence, 18, 25, 26, 41, 53, n. 1, 81, n. 2, 174, n. 4, 258, n. 2, 259, n. 1, 268, 270, n. 2, 277, n. 1, 279, n. 4, 390, n. 7, 394, n. 2, 432, n. 1, 603, 607, 610, n. 8, 630, 635.

General Index

Badarayana, author of Brahma Sūtra, 507,

Bhiru, spirit, 242.

643

545, 595, 596.

Bagaios, Phrygian god, 37, 116, 618. Bagha, Iranian, 100.

Bahlkas, people, 92, 147.

Bahiṣpavamāna Stotra, 329.

Bahram Yaśt, 63.

Bahva, on nature of the Brahman, 522.

Baka, spirit, 242.

Bakchai, 606.

Balaian or Balaic, language, 617.

Balance, ordeal for soul, 393, n. 3, 572.

Bali, offerings, 55, 175, 210, nn. 1, 4, 213,

287, n. 3, 359, 360. Bamboo’seeds, offered, 323. Barber, rewarded, 369.

Bardesanes, Gnostic (2nd cent. A.D.), 612. Barley, in ritual, 167, 323, 359, 366. Barrier between dead and living, 422. Basilides, Gnostic (2nd cent. A.D.), 612. Bath, in ritual, 304, 321, 322, 345, 372. Battle, to foresee result of a, 391. Baudhayana Dharma Sutra, 20, 200, 415. Baudhayana Gṛhya Sutra, 28. Baudhayana Śrauta Sūtra, 28. Bdellion, used to drive away demons, 384. Beans, taboo against use of, 608. Beating of King, to expel evil, 342. Beer, Indo-European drink, 624; of the Ases,

Scandinavian legend of, 623. Beginnings of Vedic philosophy, 433-9. Being, 483, 485, 507, 519, 525; Parmenides’ identification of thought and, 636, 637. Bendis, Phrygian deity, 620.

Berndl, L., theory of Samkhya, 544, 604,

n. 1, 605, n. 5.

Bhadrakali, deity, 212. Bhadra Saman, 249, 352.

Bhaga, god, 84, 86, 99, 100, 105, 106, 120,

191, 206.

Bhagavadgita, 538, 550, 577, and see Gitā. Bhang, Soma supposed to be, 172, n. 1. Bharadvaja, Bharadvājas, 1, 91, 92, 127,

n. 2, 152, 176, 227, 291, 459. Bharadvaja Gṛhya Sūtra, 28. Bharatan war, 618, 619, n.

Bharatas, people, 12, n. 1, 64, n. 5, 79, 80,

80, n. 1, 178, n. 3, 200.

Bharati, goddess, 198, 200, 328. Bhargavas, priests, 226.

Bhauma, spirit, 362; see also Bhumi.

Bhava, name of Rudra, 92, 144, 150, 198,

Bhavani, wife of Bhava, 364.

Bheda, defeated by Sudas, 131.

21*

Bhojas, alleged to be pre-Dravidian, 688.

Bhujyu, son of Tugra, rescued by the

AŚvins, 115.

Bhulingas, a people, 682.

Bhūmi, earth, 174, 197, 212, 366; see also

Bhauma.

Bhut, modern use of term, 214. Bhutapati, deity, 158, 214. Bhūtas, spirits, 73.

Bhūti, goddess, 186, 212, 366.

Bhrgu, seer, 38, 71, 138, 158, 162, n. 1. Bhrgus, seers, 223, 225, 226, 228, 313, 817,

410, 418, 440, n. 4, 474, 475. Bhrgvañgiras, 225.

Binding of self in matter, 534, 589. Bird form of altar, 466.

Birds, 63, 71, 87, 105, 119, 183, n. 6, 150,

153, 155, 169, 190, 193, 197, 209, 237, 891: as dead, 571; of omen, 392; taboos on eating, 818.

Birth, different kinds of, 526; see also Re-

birth and Transmigration. Birth ceremonies, 366-9. Birthday offerings, 868.

Bisexual being, world sprung from, 462, n.

10, 620.

Bithynians, religion of, 39.

Black birds, 392.

Black dog, offered to Rakṣases, 324.

Black garments, in rain spell, 309, 824,

Black magic, 396.

Black offerings, 212, 363, 389. Black Yajurveda, 17.

Bliss (ānanda), 507, 518, 519, 520, 521,

556, 557, 569.

Blood (for Egyptian religion, see Wiedc. mann, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 58 ff.), 56, 194, 241, 278, 281, 284, n. 2.

Blood suckers, demons as, 287. Blue-black, connected with the dead, 143,

n. 1.

Blue colour of demons, 237.

Boar, theriomorphic form of deities or demons, 111, 143, 157, 192, 208; cosmic, 81, n. 8, 208, 022.

Bodily presence of gods among men, 88. Body (Śarira), 556, 557, 565, 566.

Boghaz-Köi, gods invoked in inscriptions

found at, 5, 617.

Boiling oil ordeal, 393.

Bonds, of Varuna, 97, 246.

Bones of dead, burial of, 415, 420, 421.

644

General Index

Boomerang, weapon of Indra and Thorr, 124. Boopis, Here, 217, n. 3.

Borer insect, how to destroy, 390. Bounty of Indra, 132.

Bouphonia, at Athens, 47, 269, 274. Bowstring, Rta as, 162.

Bowstrings, used to forecast outcome of

money, 891.

Bṛbu Takṣan, enemy of the Paṇis, 7. Bṛhadaranyaka Upanisad, 19, 21, 448, 483, 484, 485, 493, 498, 500, 509, 510, 512, 514, 515, 520, 521, 527, 536, 550, 553, 554, 555, 558, 500, 507, 569, 571, 573, 575, 576, 613. Bṛhaddevatā, 502.

Brhaddiva Atharvan, priest, 225. Bṛhaddivā, goddess, 200.

Bṛhaspati, god, 65, 79, 80, 93, 96, 105, 122,

123, 124, 126, 128, 133, 134, 138, 158, 162-4, 171, 177, 205, 208, 223, 202, 293, 315, 327, 339, 360, 370, 448, 449, 620, 623. Bṛhaspati, planet, 200. Bṛhaspatisava, offering, 338, 340. BṛhatkathaŚlokasamgraha, 632. Bṛhat Saman, 258, 335, 350, 351, 461. Brahmacarin, Brahman student, 200, 208, 209, 304, 309, 448; expiation of vow of chastity, 266, 267.

Brahmaloka, world of Brahman (or the Brahman), 209, 407, n. 7, 503, 520, n. 7, 526, n. 6, 528, 577, 588, 584, 588. Brahman (n.), holy power, absolute (Hopkins (Ethics of India, p. 85) takes this as original sense; F. Preisigke (Vom göttlichen Fluidum nach āgyptischer Anschauung, 1920) finds a parallel to Oldenberg’s ‘Zauberfluidum’ theory in Egypt), 168, 171, 209, 399, 437, 443, 445-50, 469- 72, 489, 491, 494, 507-13, 516-22, 522-9, 588, 541, 549, 550, 551, 560, 568, 577, 580, 589, 599, 603, 610, n. 7, 613. Brahman (m.), god, 17, n. 3, 55, 57, 164, 173, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 222, n. 8, 242, 360, 366, 407, n. 7, 482, 503, 526, 581, 578, 576.

Brahman, a special priest, 252, 258, 294,

296, 297, 298, 315, 820, 336, 339, 853, 357, 399.

Brāhmaṇacchansin priest, 18, 162, 258, 296,

297, 298, 828, 329, 333, 335. Brahmanas, philosophy of the, 440-88; referred to, 17, 19, 20, 27, 78, 75, 84, n. 3, 86, 99, 105, 109, 110, 112, 122, 126, n. 1, 138, 142, 143, 144, 151, n. 1, 155, 156, 159, 161, 164, 169, 170, 173, 174, 180, 189, 199, 201, 207, 208, 210, 225, 228, 232, 233, 234, 230,

252, 256, 259, 260, 261, 273, 274, 277, 282, 288, 292, 298, 302, 338, 375, 879, 895, 410, 415, 572, 581, 608, 612.

Brahmanaspati, god, 65, 82, 162, 205, 438. Brahmans, priests, 16, 29, 39, 159, 162, 270,

280, 290, 299, 316, 317, 340, 847, 849, 858, 868, 369, 370, 873, 374, 375, 380, 395, 401, 414, 427, 428, 429, 433, 460, n. 9, 476, 481, 493-6, 515, 576, 577, 584, 631. Brahma Sutra, 507, 542, 596. Brāhūis, Dravidian in speech, 11. Breaking of utensils, &c., of the dead, 419. Breath (prāna), 467, 484, 486, 517, 518, 587,

553, 554, 559, 564, 565, 567. Breathing, to produce life, 387. Bridal garment, treatment of, 375. Bride, 373-8, 385. Bridegroom, 373-8.

Bridge, passed over by dead, not Vedic (Hopkins, Ethics of India, p. 57, n. 1; suggests a hint of it in CB. xiii. 2. 10. 1, but this is not plausible), 406, n. 9. Brilliance (tejas), 554, 569.

Bringing of Soma from the mountain, 169. Britain, disposal of dead among neolithic

tribes of, 53.

Broad-headed people, cremation alleged to

be characteristic of, 627, n. 2. Brothers of Agni, legend of, 157, 158. Brushwood, burnt at Aṣṭakās, 429. Buddha, Gotama, the, 20, 22, n. 1, 29, 501,

502, 577, 578, 587.

Buddhaghosa, on like as known by like, 005,

n. 3.

Buddhism, doctrine of, 20, 21, 26, 29, 36, 56, 180, 378, n. 6, 395, 409, 410, 414, 459, 467, n. 1, 484, 485, 494, 495, 497, 500, n. 9, 501, 512, 513, 514, 516, n. 9, 535, 536, 537, 547, 548, 550, 551, 558, 559, 560, 562, 568, 564, 577, 581, 596, 597, 612, 631. Buddhist Canon, date of, 502. Budha, planet, 200.

Bull, 62, 68, 95, 140, 155, 168, 191, 254, 280, 353, 364, 365; of Mithra, 406, n. 9, 619. Bull-king, alleged offerings to, 195. Bull’s hide, use in ritual, 386.

Bundahiśn, 602.

Burial mounds, Vedic, 32, n. 1, 421, 422,

629, n. 1.

Burial of the dead, 58, 417-24, 626-9. Buriaś, Kassite god, 618, n. 2.

Burning of old articles, 389, 390, 628, n. 1. Burning, of self, as essence of consecration,

302; of the dead, 58, 417, 422, 626-9 ; of widow of the dead, 418, 419, 423.

Burying of hair and nails, 387. Būśyasta, Iranian demon, 620. Butter and Agni, 154, 254, 278, 859.

Cacus, 38, 127, 235.

Caesar, on Celtic religion, 627, 628. Calendar of Numa, 51, 52. Calves, 254, 278, 279.

General Index

Calves of Viraj, sun and moon as, 62, n. 1. Candra, 376; see also Candramas and Moon. Candragupta, alleged Persian influence at Court of, 806, n. 8; repels Greeks, 30. Candramas, 122, and see Moon. Captured enemies, sacrifice of, 303. Car, Agni as a, 154.

Caraka, medical teacher, 353.

Caro-Lelegians, pre-Hellenic (cf. CAH. ii.

17, 26, 283 ff., 553 ff.), 618, n. 5.

Cārvākas, 556.

Castes, 2, 23, 54, 81, 83, 207, 480, 481, 497,

Categories, 483, 484.

Cathartic use of fire, 285, 286. Cattle, Rudra as lord of, 143, 145.

Cattle bells, revered by Todas, 269, n. 7. CaturvinŚa Stoma, 319, 350, 351. CatuŚcatvārinŚa Stoma, 319, 350, 351. Causality, 483, 484, 487, 522, 562, 594. Celtic religion, 36, 37, 38, 39, 117, n. 3, 140, n. 2, 199, 229, n. 1, 283, n. 2, 422, n. 5, 571, n. 9, 606, n. 6, 623, 627, 628. Central organ of thought, 554, 550, 557. Centum speech in Asia Minor, &c., 617, 634, n. 2; and satem speakers, alleged distinction of, 100, n. 1. Cereal offerings, 40, 278, 279. Chameleon, used in magic ritual, 389. Chance, as final principle, 550, 551. Chandogya Upanisad, 19, 170, 487, 493, 496, 498, 502, 510, 512, 514, 515, 519, 520, 521, 537, 540, 545, 561, 569, 575, 576, 577, 578, 591, 598, 635, 637.

Change of form, by Visṇu, 109; see also

Transformation of gods.

Chariot, simile of, 389, 536, 555.

Chariot race, at the Vājapeya, 339, 340. Chariots of the gods, 87.

Charites, 162, n. 1.

Charity, see Generosity and Gifts. Charlemagne cycle, 618, n. 9.

Charri (Harri) people and speech, 5, n. 3, 617. Chastity, see Adultery.

Children, under two years of age, buried, not burned, 424, 628; guiltlessness of new born, 478; renunciation of, 578, n. 3.

Chitral, route into India, 337, n. 8.

645

Chota Nagpur, princes of, claim descent

from snake, 196.

Christian influence, 511, 619.

Christian love, 508, n. 4.

Christian Mass, 270, n. 11.

Christian mysticism, 599, 600.

Chthonic character, attributed to Rudra and

the Maruts, 148.

Chthonic deity, 148.

Churning of the ocean, epic legend of, 628,

Cinvat, bridge, 406, 469.

Circle, 240.

Circumambulation of a tree, 185.

Citra Gangyayani (Gārgyāyani), King,

Citrajyotis, a Marut, 153, n. 6.

Citraratha, snake deity, 361.

Citrasena, snake deity, 361.

City of ghosts, 414.

Clan, worship of Agni, 159. Classes, see Castes.

Classification, 484.

Clay, taboo on use of vessels of, 809. Climbing to top of sacrificial post, as spell,

Cloclia, legend of, 199.

Clothes, offered to Brahmans for the dead,

Cloud spirit, Gandharva as a, 181. Clouds, 108, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128. Coconut palm, 624.

Cohabitation, as religious duty, 268. Colchians, exposure of dead on trees among,

417, n. 7.

Collective aggregate, not sense of samaṣti,

506, n.

Colours of demons, 287. Colours of victims, 279.

Comb, used to remove dangerous influences

from the hair, 384.

Common meal, to secure harmony, 887. Common sensibles, 568.

Communion and sacrament in the Vedic

sacrifice, 268-78.

Comparison, in spells,

Compassion, 480; in Buddhism, 597.

Competitions in philosophy, 507.

Conception, 554, 556; part of Gandhabba

in, 180.

Confarreatio (cf. Warde Fowler, JRS. vi.

186 ff.), 271, n. 3.

Confession of sin, 821, 472.

Confidence in gods, see Faith.

646

Confucianism, 470, n. 1. Confusion, see Ignorance. Conjuring up of souls, 396.

General Index

Consciousness, 507, 509, 520, 521, 522, 558, 559, and see prajñā, buddhi, vijñāna, samjña.

Consciousness of sin, 246.

Consecration of grove or tank, ceremony,

Constellations, worship of, 200-2.

Consummation of marriage, delayed, 375,

Contact, 271, 272.

Contamination of deitics, 92, 181, n. 9. Cooking, prohibited after death, 420. Copper, 23; alleged to be introduced into India from Mesopotamia, 26; is gift to evil spirits, 341.

Corn spirit, 258, 262, 264, 277.

Corpse-eating wolves, of Wodan, 144, n. 2. Cosmogonical hymns, 2, 14. Cosmogonism, as philosophical doctrine,

510, 511, 524, 581, 552, 594. Cosmography, Jain, 503.

Cotton, unknown to early India, 631,632, n.3. Cough, sent by Rudra, 144.

Courtesy, to gods, 460; to Fathers, 465;

to others, 585.

Covering of head of sacrificer, 281, n. 5, 300,

329, 332, 371.

Covetousness, disapproved, 585.

Cow, 62, 63, 70, 87, 125, 191, 192, 200, 210, 217, 359, 362, 363, 365, 374, 419, 427, 428, 429; and Iḍā, 270; clouds as, 108, 127, 128, 151, 198; oath by, 395; offerings to, 213; stars as, 623; waters as, 168. Creation of world, 443, 444, 509, 524, 525;

see also Cosmogonism.

Creator gods, 206-10.

Creeping of the priests, 329.

Cremation, see Burning of the dead. Cretan marriage of sun and moon, 377, n. 1. Criminal, veiled before execution, 281, n. 5. Crossways, 145, 239, 322, 414, 426, 428. Cūlika Upanisad, 501.

Culture, connected with fire cult, 158. Culture hero, 59, n. 4, 60.

Cumuri, a chief or demon, 180, 286. Cup of Tvastr, 206.

Cupid, Kāma as, 210.

Curse, 394, 395; automatic effect of, 506. Cyavana, demon, 240.

Cyavana, Cyavāna, rejuvenated by the

AŚvins, 115.

Cyrus, of Persia, 615, n. 4.

Dabhi, among Asuras, 288. Dabhiti, protégé of Indra, 180.

Dadhikra, Dadhikrāvan, the sun-horse, 189,

190, 220, 225, 264.

Dadhyañc Atharvana, 116, 224, 225, 228. Daēnā, Iranian, 616.

Daevas, 101, 244, n. 4.

Dahae, 7, 234.

Dahlmann, J., theory of the development of

the Samkhya, 540, 541.

Daimons, Hesiod’s doctrine of, 606. Daityas, demons, 218.

Daivya, an Asura, 233.

Dakṣa, an Aditya, 86, 99, 100, 215, 216, 438,

620, n. 1; Prajapati, 218.

Dakṣa Pārvati, sacrificer, 820, n. 1. Dākṣāyaṇa, line of kings, 320, n. 1, 894. Danaoi (cf. CAII. ii. 8, 281 f., 476), 235, n. 1. Danava, name of Vṛtru, 235.

Danavi Vilistenga, loved by Indra, 125. Dance of the sun on Easter day, 121, n. 1. Dancer, Indra as an aged, 125, n. 13. Dancing, in ritual, 258, 342, 343, 351, 874,

389, 402, 470, 475, 480. Dānu, mother of Vṛtra, 234.

Dara Shukoh, collection of Upanisads for,

Dareios I, of Persia, 602, 614, 615. Darkness, 479.

Darzales, Thracian deity, 620. DaŚagvas, priests, 224. Dāsa, 7, 75, 129, 220, 234.

Dasyus, 73, 75, 129, 161, 234, 426. Date of Avesta, 614-19; of Brāhmaṇas, 19-22; of Rigveda, 3-8, 614-19; of Sambitas, 19-22; of Upanisads, 21, 22, 501-5.

Date palm, 624.

Datṛ, abstract deity, 86, n. 3. Daughter-in-law, taboo in respect of

father-in-law, 388.

Daurgaha, possibly a sun-horse, 191, n. 3. Dawn, Usas, 2, 3, 38, 58, 80, 82, 83, 84, 87, 100, 104, 115, 119, 122, 182, 134, 155, n. 2, 157, 163, 189, 197, 198, 218, 221, 279, 810, 828.

Day walkers, spirits as, 214.

Dead, abodes of the, 403-16; cult of, 322, 845, n. 4, 425-32, 361; disposal of, 53, 417-24; god of the, 148, 150, 165; sight of, as a presage of death, 392; spirits of the, in connexion with origin of gods and demons, 71-5, 79, 81, 85.

Death, 400; of enemy, modes to compass,

889; of god in the sacrifice, 49, 460; of

General Index

the three brothers of Agni, 157, 160; Diction of Upanisads, 500.

taboos arising from, 308, 309.

Deduction, logical, 485.

Debts, three, owed by man, 480.

Deep sleep, 587, 566, 567-70.

Definition, 484, 548, n. 6.

Deformed shapes of demons, 237. Deified States or Conditions, 211-15. Deiokes, father of, 616, n. 1.

Demokedes, Greek physician at the Persian

court, 602.

Demokritos, Greek philosopher (5th cent.

B.C.), 604, 635, 636, n. 9.

Demons, or spirits, Wundt’s classification of,

44, 45.

Demons, 72, 76, 427, 517, 518; and Maruts, 158; killed by Agni, 158; by Soma, 108; mixed form of, 225, 237.

Descent from animals or plants, 196. Desertion of Indra by the gods, 127.

Desire, 436, 442, 480, 523, 554, 556, 574, 582. Deṣtri, disposing’ deity, 200.

•

Destruction of the universe by fire, periodic,

Destructive character of Rudra, 143.

Determinism, 527, 586, 594, and see Will. Deussen, P., theory of meaning of Upani-

ṣads, 509-12, 592.

Devabhaga Śrautarsa or Śrautarsi, sacri-

ficer, 320, n. 1, 482.

Devalakas, colporteurs of idols, 30. Devapi, Purohita, 261, 292, 293. Devavata, Agni of, 158.

Devayajana, Vinayaka, 242.

Deviations from the Karman doctrine,

579, 580.

Dhammasa mgaṇi, 563.

Dhanapati, offering to, 360.

Dhanvantari, 175, 214, 224, n. 4, 227, n. 8. Dhanvantari Bharadvāja, 300; offerings to,

858, 361.

Dharma Sutra, 27, n. 1, 29. Dhartṛ, supporter god, 206.

Dhatṛ, god, 65, 86, n. 8, 104, 205, 206, 214. Dhauli, perhaps Tosali, 632.

Dhiṣaṇa, deity, 211.

Dhruva, polc-star, 4, 22, 79, n. 6, 164.

Dhuni, chief or demon, 130, 236.

Dhurta, epithet of Rudra, 150, n. 2.

Dialectic, 506.

Dialogue form in Upanisads, 505.

Diarrhoea, means of curing, 886; see also

Apvā.

Dice, and Apsarases, 182.

Dicing, 87, 258, 317.

Dietrich of Bern, 618, n. 9. Dignaga, 559, 560.

Dione, goddess, 61.

647

Dionysos, Thracian and Greek god (CAH. ii.

615, 619 ff.), 47, 48, 250, 284, n. 2. Dioskouroi, Greek deities, 38, 117, 119, 620,

n. 5.

Dirghajihvi, Asura woman, relations of,

with Indra, 126.

Dirghamukhi, bird of omen, 892. Dirghatamas, seer, 434,

Dirghatamas Aucathya, Apri hymn of, 165. Dirt, as sign of asceticism, 401.

Disease, demons, 72, 147, 240, 881, 382. Disguise, adopted by gods, 125; see also

Transformation of gods. Disinterested action, 583. Dislike of flesh, 604.

Disposal of the dead, 415-24. Distinction, not denoted by vyaṣti, 506,

n. 11.

Distinction between offerings to the dead

and those to the gods, 429, 480. Distributive aggregate, alleged sense of

vyasti, 506, n. 11.

Diti, goddess, 217, 218. Divakara, the sun, 104. Diversity denied, 507. Divination, 890-2.

Divine animals, 189-95. Divine implements, 188, 189. Divine judgement of the dead, 464. Divine ladies, connected with Tvastr, 205. Divodāsa Atithigva, King, 91, 158, 228, 496. Divyāvadāna, 414.

Do ut des principle of Vedic sacrifices (for an idealistic interpretation, see van der Leeuen, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xx. 241 ff.), 259.

Dog, 62, 128, 144, 150, 192, 237; not usually sacrificed, 324; offered, 279, 324, 406, n. 9; skin, 267.

Dogs of death, 406, 424, n. 6. Dogs of Rudra, 144.

Doias, Phrygian god, 620.

Dolphin form of Apollo, 123.

Domestic fire, 158, 159, 287-9, 358.

Domestic ritual, 55, 175, 201, n. 2, 858-78,

(see Contents).

Domestication of the horse, 618, n. 1.

Donar, Teutonic god, 87.

Doors of the heaven, 621-3.

Doors of the place of sacrifice, as divine, 189. Double of Indra, 125.

648

Doubt, as to Indra, 483.

Dove, offered to Nirṛti, 824.

General Index

Drbhika, possibly Iranian name, 7, 286. Drṣadvati, river, 178; sacrifice on the, 872. Dragons, in German religion, 186, n. 11. Drāhyāyaṇa Śrauta Sutra, 28. Dramatic ritual, 48, 110, 142. Draug, Norse malignant spirit, 38. Dravidians, influence on Vedic Indians, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 64, n., 149, 155, 200, 497, 629-34.

Dreag, Old English malignant spirit, 38. Dreamless sleep, 517, 519, n. 8, 520, 567-70. Dream-like existence of the Fathers, 465,

n. 2.

Dreams, 383, 391, 892, 517, 520; as source

of belief in spirits of the dead, 75, 414; bad, banished to Trita Aptya, 120; compared with waking reality, 508, 558, 567-70.

Dried river foam, a magic ingredient, 397. Drink-of-strength, 339, 840, and

vajapeya.

Droṇāsa, demon, 240.

Dropsy, 282.

Druhyus, people, 9, 226.

Druids, 571, n. 4, 606, n. 6, 632.

see

Drum, deified, 188; used to scare demons,

Drunkenness, of Indra, 182; of the Persians,

Dual deities, 220, 221.

Duality, 508.

Dulā, star, 468, n. 1.

Durga, goddess, 150, n. 1.

Durkheim, theory of sacrifice, 276-8.

Duties of man, 585, 586. Dvapara age, 82.

Dwarf animal, 111, n. 1.

Dwarf incarnation, of Viṣṇu, 110, 111. Dwelling of dead in the earth, 410, 411. Dyaus, god, 34, 87, 45, 58, 80, 95, 96, 104, 115, 118, 120, 125, 140, 141, 147, n. 3, 174, 191, 208, 216, 221, 232, 448, 614. Dyaus Pitr, 87, 86, 96.

Dyavābhūmi, 220.

Dyāvākṣamā, 220.

Dyāvāpṛthivi, 220.

Dying round the Brahman, 894.

Ea, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8.

Eagle, 62, 63, 105, 154, 169, 172, 189, 198,

Ear (grotra), 458, 467, 486, 517, 518, 584,

536, 537.

Earth, Prthivi, deity, 8, 24, 38, 57, 61, 64, 77, 78, 80, 82, 95, 182, n. 4, 140, 177, 208, 368, 622, 626; see also Bhauma, Bhumi.

Earth, element, 486, 517, 525. Earth of ant-heap, 307. Earth spirit as snake, 194.

East, as place of the gods, 145.

East and west, contrast between, 92. Easterners, usages of, 147, 210, 862, 868,

Eating, taboos on, 307, 308; to secure

magic results, 387.

Eating of god, 207.

Eating of sacrifice by priests and sacrificers,

270,271.

Eckhardt, mysticism of,,599, n. 2, 600. Eclipse, demon of, 130, n. 8.

Eclipses, as evidence of date of Rigveda, 4. Edgerton, F., theory of Samkhya philosophy,

Egypt, 518.

Egyptian influence on India, 26, 624, 628,

630; on Greece, 635.

Egyptian religion, 47, n. 1, 101.

Ekāṣṭaka, mother of Indra, 125.

EkavinŚa Stoma, 319, 350, 351. Ekottaragama, 484.

Elb, elf, 38.

Eleatic philosophy, 603.

Election, doctrine of, see Grace,

Elemental self (bhūtātman), 539.

Elements, 486, 525, 527, 537, 554, 557, 565, 566; contrast with Greek view, 605, 618. Elephant, 23.

Eleusis, 275; silent cutting of corn in,

325, n. 4.

Eleven, sacred number, 86.

Elliot Smith, G., theories of, 20, 630. Elves, 178.

Emancipation, 594, and see Transmigration. Embryo, offering of an, 152; saved on

burning of dead mother, 424, 627. Embryos, Viṣṇu as protector of, 109, 110. Empedokles, Greek philosopher (c. 495-485

B.C.), 544, 604, 605, n. 4, 011, 620, n. 1. Emperor of Japan, sanctity of, 276. Emuṣa, boar, 111.

Enclosing sticks (paridhi), 241, 359, 388. Enemies of man, 230-42.

Enemies of the gods, 231-6.

Enemy, spells to defeat, 888, 389. Energy deified, see Śamā.

Eniautos Daimon, theory of, 49, 50. Enlil, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8.

General Index

Entrails of victim, divination from, 300, n.7;

given to hosts of Rudra, 145. Eos, Greek goddess of dawn, 38, 121. Epic, original story of, 618; use of, as

authority for mythology, 628, 624. Epic Samkhya, 548, 544.

Epicharmos, Greek comic poet (6th cent. B.C., Rostagni, Il Verbo di Pitagora, pp. 18 fr.), 554.

Epona, goddess, 199.

Equinoxes, play no part in early Indian

ideas, 4.

Erinys, Greek spirit, 88, 104, n. 1, 198. Eros, in Boeotia, 210, n. 5.

Establishment of the fires (agnyādhāna),

816, 317.

Esus, Gaulish god, 233, n. 2.

Etadu, Asura, 233.

EtaŚa, horse of the sun, 105, 191, 202.

Ether (ākāŚa), element, 498, 517, 519, 613,

084, 635.

Ethical principles, and religion, 46.

Ethics of the Rigveda, 246–50, 433; of the Brāhmaṇas, 4608-81; of the Upanisads, 584-91. Etymology, 488.

Eudoxos, alleged mediator of Indian ideas,

635, n. 8. Euhemerism, 50.

Euripides, Greek tragedian, 275, 606, 612. Evacuations (visarga), anus and, 554. Evil, 248, 249, 479, 480, 485, 585, 586. Evil dreams, face wiped after, 383; Trita

and, 120, 134.

Evil eye, 387.

Evil forms of Agni, 241.

Evil repute, of a killer, 477. Ewe, as sacrificial victim, 280. Exile, plan to restore prince from, 387. Expiations, 356, 357.

Exposure of children, not practised, 475. Exposure of dead on trees, 417.

Expulsion of evil, 263; see also Scapegoat. Exta, special treatment of, in Roman ritual,

External soul, 131, 196, 378, 625. Extinction of fires on death, 160. Eye (caksus), 458, 467, 472, 486, 517, 518, 587, 558, 554, 556, 557; as purifying, 887; of Prajapati, as source of horse, 208.

Faith (Śrāddha; cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p. 34), 249, 250, 514, n. 11, 517, 575, 576, 577; as a deity, 2, 210. False accusation, effect of, 477.

Family books, of the Rigveda, 1, 2. Family worship, 828, 358. Fasting, 300, 301, 306. Fata Morgana, 179.

Fate, see Determinism.

649

Father-in-law, taboo to daughter-in-law,

Fathers (pitrs), spirits of the dead, 15, 63, 78, 80, 88, 98, 120, 122, 165, 168, 170, 178, 250, 270, 272, 275, 279, n. 8, 288, 800, 820, 322, 329, 330, 358, 358, 350, 360, 361, 872, 883, 392, 405, 407, 418, 425-32, 448, 464, 465, 466, 480, 571, 572, 573, 575, 576, 598. Fauni, in Roman religion, 147.

Fear in religion, 53, n. 2, 54, n. 2, 425. Feather, of eagle becomes tree or porcupine,

Fees (dakṣiṇās), 317, 823, 826, 330, 885, 886,

337, 838, 843, 845, 398, 401.

Feet (pāda), as organs, 554, 556. Feretrius, Jupiter, 37.

Fertility magic, 851, 476.

Fetishism, 47, 66-75, 189, 190, 191. Fever, dismissed to Gandhara

Mūjavants, 385, 394.

Fides, abstract deity, 65.

or the

Fig-tree dropping Soma (plakŚa somasavana),

172, n. 2, 407.

Fire, as an Indo-European deity, 625, 626; as element, 451, 467, 478, 613; carried before host in battle, 161; domestic, 87, 38, 50, 55, 88, 367; in heaven, 621-8; sacrificial, 34, 36, 38, 48, 55, 56, 285-9; used against demons, 241, 248, 287; used for burning dead, 420, 447, 448.

Fire altar, 55, 59, 67, 156; see also Fire

piling.

Fire ordeal, 393. Fire-pan, 465, 466.

Fire piling, 271, 282, 352, 354-6, 364, 897, 422, n. 2, 440, n. 1, 465-7, and see agni-

cayana.

Fire sticks (arani), Agni’s production from,

Fires of hell, 410, n. 2.

First fruits, 260, 266, 323, 360, 389.

First of men, 228-30, 619-21, First principle, 588, 550.

Fish, and Manu, 110, 128, 229; caught at marriage rite, 376; not normally offered, 279.

Fish-otter, sacrificed to Apam Napāt, 279. Fish symbol, in Christianity, 128, n. 8. Five Adhvaryus, 201, 416, n. 2. Five Bulls, in sky, 201, 202.

650

Five-headed snake, 363.

General Index

Five regular figures, discovered by Theai-

tetos, 635.

Fjörgynn and Fjörgyn, 61, n. 5, 141. Flamen, Roman, 39; Dialis, sanctity of,

Flames, as deciding fate of the dead, 410,

n. 8.

Flesh, restrictions on eating (cf. Hopkins,

Ethics of India, pp. 160 ff.), 307. Flesh offering, at Aṣṭakās, 429. Flies, Greek offering to the, 194. Flight of Agni, 153, 154.

Flood, 25, 111, 229, 621.

Food, as designation of earth in CU., 525; left over from meals, offered to Rudra, 145; of the gods, 87.

Footprints, man can be injured through, 381;

veneration of, 108, n. 4, 389. Forecasting the weather, 392.

Forest cattle, Vayu as lord of, 144, n. 13. Forest fires, wind as producing, 138. Forgiveness of sin, 246, 247.

Form, 486, 487, 554, 556, and see rupa. Four ages, 82, n. 9.

Four-eyed dog, 344, 346, 406.

Four-month sacrifices (caturmāsya), 155,

160, 178, 298, 305, 321-3. Four states of the soul, 567-70.

Frank, E., views cited, 635. Frankish kings, long hair of, 343.

Fravartiś, Phaortes, 616, n. 1. Fravaśi, in Iranian religion, 616.

Frazer, Sir J. G., theory of sacrifices, 262. Freedom, as opposed to Determination of

the will, 469, 503, 527, 586, 594. Freyr and Freyja, 61, n. 5.

Friction, lighting of fire by, 155, n. 1. Friends, duties to, 480.

Frogs, in myth and ritual, 141, 294, 302, 381,

386, 390, 420, 434.

Full moon, offerings to, 213.

Funeral hymn, 256, 282, 418-20; see also

Disposal of the dead. Furrow, see Sitā.

Gambling, see Dicing.

Ganapati, epithet of Bṛhaspati, 162. Gaṇas, troupes, 242. Gānas, of Samaveda, 16. Gandarewa, 34, 180.

Gandhabba, in Buddhist belief, 180. Gandhara, 885, 496.

Gandharva, Gandharvas, 8, 24, 34, 72, 76,

82, n. 9, 83, 91, 92, 104, n. 1, 142, 179-84,

199, 218, 214, 218, 827, 375, 876, 402, 450, 470, 482, 520, n. 7, 577; Kali, 478, .8; men as, 578.

Gandharva marriage, 373. Gandharvaloka, 179, n. 7, 301. Gandharvanagara, 532, n. 6. GaneŚa, a deity, 242.

n.

Ganges, descent from heaven of the, 173;

oath by water of the, 395.

Ganymede legend, Indian parallel to, 181,

n. 4.

Gaotema, in Avesta, 35.

Garbe, R., doctrine of Indian origin of

Greek philosophy, 601–13.

Garbha Upanisad, 476, n. 2, 501, 587. Gargya Bālāki, teacher, 493, 496, 498, 516. Garuda, the sun-bird, 109, 190, 381. Garutmant, the sun as, 193.

Gate of the heaven, 397, n. 6.

Gauḍapada, author of Mānḍūkya Kārikā, 501, 503, 505, 512, n. 1, 531, 532, 558, 637, n. 8.

Gaulish religion, 39, 233, n. 2; see also

Celtic religion.

Gaumāta, usurper of Persian throne, 015. Gauri, goddess, 17, n. 3.

Gauṣukti, teacher, 22.

Gautama, Gotama, 1, 132, 221, n. 1.

Gautama Dharma Sûtra, 29.

Gayatra Saman, 852.

Gazelle form of Usas, 208.

General character of the Brahmaṇa philo-

sophy, 440-2.

General conceptions, 484.

Generality, not denoted by samaṣti, 506,

n. 11.

Generalization of activity of Rudra, 145. Generation, as connected with Tvastṛ, 205. Generative organ (upastha), 554, 550, 557,

n. 5.

Generosity, 250, 477, n. 10, 480, and see

Gifts.

Germanic religion, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 59, 117,

n. 3, 121, n. 1, 186, n. 11, 172, n. 2, 178, 193, 258, n. 2, 283, n. 2, 286, n. 2,287, n. 8, 803, n. 1, 318, n. 4, 322, n. 4, 360, 361, 376, 397, 407, n. 2, 422, n. 5, 448, 571, n. 9, 620, 621, n. 1.

Geryoneus, Greek legend of, 38, 127, 285. Ghee, as food of Agni, 154.

Ghosiṇi, guardian of cattle at pasture, 214. Ghosts, 418, 414, 427.

Ghouls of the burial places, 287. Giant, 81; Gandharva as a, 181. Gift theory of sucrifice, 48, 256-60.General Index

Gifts, 250, 262, 268, 269, 577, 578, 585;

see also Generosity.

Girding and ungirding of sacrificer’s wife,

819, 320.

Girija, a sage, 482.

Girls, rites affecting as distinct from boys,

869, 878.

Gita, 548, and see Bhagavadgitā.

Glacier, Vṛtra as personification of the, 127. Glance of snake, as deadly, 387. Glory, in Avesta, 135. Gnomic hymns, 14. Gnostic views, 612.

Goat, 68, 69, 70, 87, 106, 107, 137, 158, 167, 189, 192, 254, 204, 207, 269, 280, 324, 834, 859, 868, 419, 423, 424.

Gobhila Grhya Sūtra, 28, 375, 429. God, 549, 599, 600, and see IŚvara, IŚana. Goddesses, 01; as wives of the gods, 218,

219; of weaving, 214. Gods, see Contents, Part II.

Gods and men, 243-51, 460–2, 605. Gods by birth, 520, n. 7, 525, n. 1.

Gods by works, 520, n. 7, 525, n. 1, 573, n.11. Going out of child, ceremony of first, 369. Gold, 23, 67, 339, 341, 345, 419, 423. Golden figure of a man at piling of fire altar,

354, 355.

Golden hatchet, used by Bṛhaspati, 102. Golden man, in fire altar, 466. Golden plate, as sun symbol, 67.

Good and evil, 248, 574, 596; see also Ethics,

Evil, and Morals.

Gorgias, dialectic of, 637,

Gotama Rāhūgana, pioneer of Aryan civili-

zation, 158.

Gotamas, family of, 196, 227; Indra as the

god of the, 127, n. 2; see also Gautama. Götze, A., on Iranian influence on Greek

ideas, 602.

Gough, A. E., theory of meaning of the

Upanisads, 509, 592. Grace, divine, 579. Grahas, planets as, 201.

Grass, magic rite with, as war spell, 386; of sacrifice, how used, 359, and see barhis. Gråvagrābha, priest, 252, 253.

Grāvastut, priest, 208, 329.

GrdhraŚirṣṇi, demoness, 241. Great Bear, 201, 416.

Greece, population of, 628, n. 5.

Greek fire, alleged reference to, in the

Rigveda, 285, n. 8.

Greek influence, on use of statues of deities,

80, n. 3.

651

Greek philosophy, alleged derivation from

India, 601-18, 634-7.

Greek religion, compared with Vedic, 35, 36, 87, 38, 39, 45, 47, 48, n. 3, 51, 54, 57, 58, 95, 117, 119, 149, n. 2, 194, 257, 259, n. 1, 268, 272, 273, n. 4, 275, 279, n. 5, 280, n. 1, 288, n. 2, 284, n. 2, 287, n. 4, 290, n. 5, 291, 303, n. 2, 318, n. 8, 325, n.

4, 4,832, n. 346, n. 3, 361, 365, 376, 377, 379, n. 4. 890, n. 7, 419, n. 5, 422, n. 5, 476, 488, 561, 028, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 631. Gṛhamedhin, class of Maruts, 215. Grhya religion, 93, 177, 213, 270; see also

Domestic ritual.

Grhya Sutra, 4, 27, 28, 29, 213, 242. Grief, of harlot, &c., 477. Gross elements, 537, 554, 613. Groups of gods, 221, 222.

Groves, as places of worship, 39. Gudea, Sumerian king, facial aspect of, 10,

n. 1.

Guests, offerings to, 363.

Guilt banished to Trita, 134; in killing,

181, 477; see also agas and enas. Gunaratna Sūri, 505. Guñgū, goddess, 109. Guru, see Teacher.

Hades, in Homer (for a Celtic parallel see H. Meyer, SBA. 1919, pp. 567 ff.), 418. Hagia Triada sarkophagos (Dussaud, Civilisations préhelléniques, pp. 404 ff.), 415, n. 4. Hāhāhūhū, Gandharvas, 214. Haimavata, spirit, 242.

Hair, 353; taboos regarding the, 305-6. Hair cutting, 285, 842, 843, 872, 378, 383. Hair growing, spells for, 369, n. 2. Hair offerings, 268, 324, 428, 430. Hairs of bull, used to feed child, 353, n. 2,

Hands (pani, hasta), as organs, 554, 550,

Ilanging of offerings on trees, 55, 56, n. 3, 149, n. 5, 155, 156, n. 3, 287, 322, 361, 865, 385.

Hansa, Agni as, 154.

Hantrimukha, demon, 240.

Hanumant (god of the monsoon: Jacobi,

Das Rāmāyaṇa, p. 133), 192. Haoma, in Iran, 34, 118, 167, 171, 614. Happiness, see Pleasure.

Hara, name of Rudra, 144, n. 8, 146, 549. Harahvaiti, 7; see also Sarasvati.

Hare (ŚaŚa), shape in moon, identified with

Yama, 77, 122, 128, 409, n. 1.

652

Haridrumata, teacher, 496.

HariŚcandra, King, 268, 282.

Hariyapiya, river, 7.

Harsh words, 394. Haryakṣa, demon, 240.

General Index

Hastamalaka, attributed to Śankara (or

comm. only), 504.

Hatchet, Agni as a, 154.

Headache, spell to remove, 385. Head-hunting, as Indo-European, 267. Hearing (crotra), 453, 484, 558, 554.

Heart (hṛdaya), 437, 554, 556, n. 8, 564, 566. Hearth, deity of the, 625, 626.

Heat (tapas), 301, n. 2, 525.

Heaven (svarga), 34, 177, 406–9, 525, 588,

584, 621-3.

Hegel, G. W. F., German philosopher (A.D.

1770-1831), 600.

Helene, Greek heroine, 116, 117. Heliolithic culture, alleged, 630.

Hell, 409, 410; see also naraka loka, nārakāḥ. Henotheism, 88, 89.

Hephaistos, Greek god of fire, 625, 626, n. 5. Herakleitos, Greek philosopher (c. 500 B.C.),

301, n. 2, 604, 613, 685, 636. Herakles, Greck hero, 88, 235. Herbs, offerings to the, 213.

Here, Greek goddess, 50, 117, n. 3, 119, 217,

n. 3.

Hermes, Greek god (pastoral deity of fertility, CAH. ii. 687), 62, 107, 108, 150,

n. 1.

Herodotos, Greek historian, 360, 401, 601,

606, 614, 615, n. 2, 626, 635.

Hertel, J., theory of Brahman, 447, 448; of heaven, 621-3; of place and age of the Avesta and Rigveda, 614–19. Hesiod, 608.

Hestia, Greek goddess of the fire, 87, 161,

625, 626.

Highest principle of the Universe, 442-54;

see also Brahman.

Highwaymen, Rudra as patron god of, 150. Himavant, mountain god, 200. Hinduism, 56.

Hiranyadant Baida, sage, 471. Hiranyagarbha, deity, 208, 398, 437, 508,

526, 531, 533, 537.

HiranyakeŚi Grhya Sutra, 28, 188, 372, 428. HiranyakeŚi Śrauta Sutra, 28. Hissing of Vrtra, terrifies the gods, 127. Hittites (cf. CAH. ii. 252 ff.), 617, 618. Hole, drawing through a, to rub off evil, 897; in thatch, child taken through, 888; sacrifice through a, 897.

Holy lustre (brahmavarcasa), as deity, 218. Holy power, see Brahman.

Home of the gods in heaven, 87, 021-3.

Home of the Rigveda, 7, 11, 12; the Brāh-

maṇas, 22, 23; the Upanisads, 496. Homeric question, 619, n.

Homeric religion, 19, 51, 52, 58, 85, 212,

269, 270, 628.

Honesty, see Truth.

Honey, 114, 167, 192, 225; in ritual, 141,

284, 889, 349, 868, 364, 377.

Honey cake for Kerberos, 419. Hoof print of horse, cult of, 108, n. 4. Hook, of Indra, 124.

Horse, theriomorphic form of gods, 82, 154, 189, 191, 198; victim in ritual, 254, 279, and sec aŚvamedha.

Horse fetish, 69.

Horse-flesh, eating of, 279.

Horse sacrifice, 40, 68, 105, 114, 118, 119,

175, 195, 343-7, and see aŚvamedha. Hospitality, 480.

Hostile aspect of the Maruts, 152, 158. Hot-milk sacrifice, 332, 333, and see pra-

vargya.

Hot season, Rudra, as deity of the, 146. Hotṛ, priest, 16, 34, 119, n. 1, 157, 159, 165, n. 7, 207, 226, 252, 258, 254, 297, 298, 815, 319, 820, 824, 828, 336, 351. Hotrakas, priests, 315. Hotra, 173.

House, ceremonies regarding, 863, 864;

deities of, 188, and see Vastospati. Householder, as stage of life, 587, 588. Hubert and Mauss, theory of sacrifice, 275-8. Human sacrifice (puruṣamedha), 40, 262–4,

282, 288, 804, 347, 348, 354, 619, 621. Hundred-oared ship, of the AŚvins, 115. Hungary, ceremony of royal coronation, 342. Hunger (aŚanãyā), 470, 475, n. 3, 480, 557. Hurā, Avestan drink, similar to Sura, 284. Huyghens, Christian, Dutch scientist (A.D.

1629-95), 685.

Hyakinthos, cult origin of legend of, 48, n. 2. Hyena, howl of, 391.

Hyle, primitive matter in the Aristotelian

system, 583.

Iḍa, father of Purūravas, 84, n. 3. Iḍa, goddess of the sacrificial offering, 62, 70, 84, n. 8, 199, 200, 202, 209, 229, 278, 820, 859.

Idealism, 509, 510, 511, 552, 558. Idealist school of Buddhism, 509, 512. Ideas, see dharma and manas.

General Index

Identifications, in the Brahmaṇas, 484. Idols, use of, 80, 81, 54, 56, 69, n. 1, 70,

201, n. 2.

Ignorance (avidyā), 515, 516. Ikṣvāku, family, 196.

IllbiŚa, foe of Indra, 130, 286.

Illusion (mayd), 508, 509, 524, 520-32, 541,

542, 549,,594.

Ilpa or Ilya tree, 407, n. 7, 584. Image, as mode of injuring man, 881. Immortality, 105, 176, 227, 463, 545, 546, 581-3, 592, 009, 621; drink of, 623, 624; not originally possessed by the gods, 82; of man, 82, 88.

Impressions, see samskāras.

Impurity, owing to death, 160, 420. Incarnation, 197, 208, 229.

Incense lights, offered to dead, 427.

Incest, 120, n. 2, 208, 230, 247, 249, 338, 476. Incestuous unions, in Iran, 26. Indar, Mitanni form of Indra, 617. Indigitamenta, 64, 150, 215, 626. Individual and supreme souls, 551-67. Individual souls, 508, 509, 510, 545, 546,

551-70.

Individuation, 537, 539, 554, 612, and see

ahaṁkāra.

Indo-Aryans, and Aryo-Dravidians, 11, 12. Indo-European, class distinctions, 23, n. 4; date of period of unity, 617, 618; home of, 618, 628, 629; idolatry, 31; myths and religion, 36-42, 46, 117, 118, 162, 167, 205, 220, 291, 412, 422, 433, 619-21, 621-3, 624, 626, 627, 629.

Indo-Iranian cult, 34, 35, 626, n. 4; see also

Iranian religion.

Indra, god, 2, 3, 83, 38, 47, 50, 59, 60, 62, 63,

65, 68, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117, 124-83, 134, 139, 140, 141, 151, 162, 165, 167, 168, 169, 173, 176, 177, 186, 191, 192, 199, 201, 205, 206, 210, 214, 219, 222, 223, 283, 284, 235, 241, 242, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250, 255, 274, 275, 270, 280, 281, 296, 811, 319, 320, 321, 327, 329, 342, 846, 389, 396, 409, 433, 434, 435, 444, 454, 457, 458, 460, 468, 469, 470, 481, 482, 487, n. 7, 506, 517, 520, n. 7, 525, 528, 582, 581, 588, 584, 621.

Indragni, 165, n. 6. 220.

Indrāni, 61, 125, 133, 151, 200, 218, 864,

874, 434.

Indraparvata, 187. Indrāpūṣaṇā, 221.

Indrāsoma, 220.

Indrāvāyū, 220, 221. Induction, logical, 485.

653

Influence of the moon on the tides, 122. Inherent nature, as final principle, 550. Initiation of pupil, as rebirth, 285, 870, 877. Insect, 567, 571; as soul vehicle, 421, n. 8. Insight of seers, 482.

Intellect, intelligence, 587, 589, 554, and see buddhi; as central organ (prajñā), 518, 554, 556, 557, 568; as insight, 548. Intention, 478.

Interrelation of the gods, 84-93. Intuition, see Knowledge.

Invasion of India by Indo-Europeans, 11,

12, 618, 628, 629.

Inviolability of the king, 481.

Inward controller (antaryāmin), 523, 527. Ionians, 52.

Ipsen, G., theory of date of period of Indo- European unity (Streitberg-Festschrift, pp. 200 ff.), 617.

Iran, 7, 8, 26, 101, 122, n. 2.

Iranian, transcription of Avesta (cf. ZII. i.

192 ff., 280), 32, n. 2, 33, n. 2. Iranian religion, 86, 46, 61, 71, 72, 78, 74, 211, 217, 224, 229, 281, 258, n. 2, 270, n.2, 271, n. 5, 281, 288, n. 2, 284, 286, 294, 318, n. 4, 354, 360, 377, 422, n. 5, 428, n. 1, 433, 468, 469, 474, 497, 602, 603, 614-16, 619- 21, 621-3, 624, 635; see also Indo- Iranian cult.

Iron, 23, 26.

Iron axe, used by Bṛhaspati, 162. Iron filings, as magic ingredient, 897. Irrational, theorem of the, 607, 635. IŚa, the Lord, 525, 549.

IŚa Upanisad, 499, 500, 502, 516, 522, n. 6,

532, 545, 581, 583.

IŚana, the Lord, 10, 144, n. 8, 242, 338, 364,

874, 470.

IŚvara, the Lord, 364, 504, 505, 524, 525,

542, 548, 544, 549.

IŚvarakṛṣṇa, author of the Samkhya

Kārika, 544.

Isu Trikāṇḍā, constellation, 146. Italian religion, 89; see also Roman religion.

Jabālā, mother of Satyakama, 496. Jābāla Upanisad, 501, 587, 589, n. 4. Jaimini Grhya Sūtra, 28.

Jaiminiya Brahmaṇa, 17, 19, 22, 81 116, 122, 125, 136, 242, 838, 407, 410, 474, 476, 491, 636.

Jaiminiya Upanisad Brahmana, 19, 22, 218,

499, 533, 556, 564, 577.

654

General Index

Jainism, views of, 20, 56, 459, 508, n. 7,

504, 514, 546, 577, 591, 681. Jamadagni, Apri hymn of, 165. Jambhaka, spirit, 242.

Jamśed, in Persian legend, 620.

Janaka, King of Videha, 64, 459, 493, 495,

496, 505, 517, 520.

Jatavedas, epithet of Agni, 160, 316. Jaundice, transferred to birds by magic rite,

385, 386.

Jayanta, deity (cf. ArthaŚastra, ii. 4), 197,

Jealousy of heaven, Herodotos’ doctrine of

the, 243-4.

Jevons, H. B., theory of sacrifice, 278. Jewish week, 41.

Joint-curses, 395, 396.

Journey, mode of predicting, 390.

Jumbaka, as Varuna, 304.

Juno, Roman goddess, 117, n. 3.

Jupiter, Roman deity, 37, 45, 51, 96, 117,

n. 3, 448, 626, n. 4.

Jus trium noctium, 376. Jyestha Saman, 309, 371.

Jyotismant, a Marut, 153, n. 6.

Ka, god, 207, 321, 518, n. 7.

Kabeiroi, alleged connexion with Kubera,

Kai Kāōs, Iranian hero, 227, 232.

Kakkola, parallel to Takkola, 033. Kāla, deity, 24, 209.

Kalaha, spirit, 242.

Kalakañjas, Asuras, 234.

Kali, goddess, 212.

Kali, legend of AŚvins’ aid to, 116.

Kali, age of the world, 82.

Kali Gandharvas, 82, n. 9, 179, n. 7, 478,

n. 8.

Kalindas, people, 632.

Kalinga country, 633.

Kalyāṇi, spirit, 400, n. 5.

Kant, E., German philosopher (a.d. 1724– 1804), 480, 551, 554, 568, 564, 592, 685. KanthaŚruti Upanisad, 589, n. 4. Kanva, disease demon, 381, n. 7.

Kanvas, family, 2, 227, 228, 880, 400, n. 12,

Kapila Rṣi, 526, 543, 544, n. 6. Kapiṣṭhala Samhita, 17. Karañja, enemy of Indra, 120. Karapans, in Avesta, 232. Karata, 17, n. 3. Kāravapacava, place, 852. Karoti, river, 354.

KaŚi, place and people, 496.

KaŚyapa, cosmic tortoise, 196, 214, and see

Akūpāra.

KaŚyapa, a pricst, 198, 622; see also

UdalakāŚyapa.

Kasaka (KrŚana, KarŚana), 218.

Kassites, 6, 618.

Katha Upanisad, 499, 500, 502, 503, 506, 510, 511, 513, 514, 515, 516, 518, 519, 522, 523, 526, 531, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 545, 547, 549, 552, 555, 557, 577, 579, 583, 591, 617.

Kāṭhaka Samhitā, 17, 21, 157.

KathaŚruti Upanisad, 589, n. 4. Kathas, ritual school, 328. Kathenotheism, 88, 89.

Katyayana Śrauta Sutra, 28.

Kaurama, King of RuŚamas, 250, 400, n. 11.

KauŚika, as epithet of Indra, 132.

KauŚikas, Vedic clan, 196.

KauŚika Sūtra, 28, 29, 194, 205, 214, 356,

361. 382, 388, 393, 396, 397, 400, 421. Kauṣitaki Brāhmaṇa, 17, 19, 144, 148, 209,

333, 410, 464, 474.

Kausitaki Upanisad, 493, 496, 498, 501, 520, 521, 537, 554, 556, 557, 558, 561, 507, 570, 577, 580, 583, 584.

Kauţillya ArthaŚastra, 481, n. 12, 401, n. 5,

Kāma, desire, 24, 210, 352 (Agnias), 359, Kavaṣa Ailūṣa, sage, 459.

874, 542, 555, n. 7.

Kamaduh, wish-cow, 191.

Kamadyū, wife of Purumitra, 116. Kamarañga, country, 683.

Kamarupa, country, 688.

Kama Sutra, 476, n. 2, 488, n. 4, 491, n. 5. Kamboja, people, 547, n. 4, 688.

Kanisian or Kanesian (i.e. late Hittite, containing Indo-European elements, CAH. ii. 253 f., 428, n. 1; Friedrich, Streitberg- Festschrift, pp. 307 ff.), 617.

Kansa, legend of, 262.

Kavata, of Kavi dynasty, 615. Kavi, dynasty, 615.

Kavis, 315.

Kavya UŚana, mythical priest, 159, 227, 282. Kavyas, Fathers as, 329.

Kena Upanisad, 19, 499, 500, 502, 522, n. 6. Kentauros, alleged connexion with Gandh-

arva, 104, n. 1, 180.

Kerberos, dog of Hades, 38, 192, 407. Keresani, Iranian hero, 34. Keresāspa, 180.

KeŚava, Viṣṇu as, 17, n. 8.

KeŚin Dalbhya, sagc, 482. Ketu, planet, 200, 528, n. 9. Khadira Grhya Sutra, 28. Khilas, of Rigveda, 17, n. 3.

Khojis, cattle trackers, 107, n. 3. Khyatṛ, spirit, 214.

Kilata, Asura priest, 283, 462.

General Index

Killer, haunted by the ghost of murdered

man, 477.

Kimidins, demons, 239. Kimvadanta, demon, 240. Kindness, see ahinsā.

King (cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, pp. 127 ff.), 292, 481; burial or burning of, 628; see also rājasūya. Kirāta, Kilāta, 233, 462.

Kleisthenes, tyrant of Sikyon, marriage feast

of his daughter, 373.

Knidian school of medicine, 602.

Knots, loosened to facilitate childbirth, 367. Knowledge, 482, 507, 510, 513-16, 517, 583,

584, 586, 598, 594, 595, 596. Kosala, country, 23, 496, 632. KrŚānu, archer, 34, 60, 169, 179. Kṛṣṇa, god, 262, 433, u. 1, 577.

Kṛta age,

Kṛttikās, date derived from, 4, 22. Kridin, class of Maruts, 215. Krivis, people, 23, 196, n. 7. Krobalos, of Hermes, 107.

Kṣatra, husband of Upama, 125, n. 13. Kṣātrāṇa, spirit, 214.

Ksatriyas, second class in Vedic society, 92,

148, n. 1, 289, 292, 316, 330, 340, 347, 368, 369, 370, 873, 395, 447, 481, 576, 577, 587; and philosophy, 493-6.

Kṣetrapati, god, 57, 63, 64, 186, 315. Ktesias, Greek physician at the Persian

Court, 602.

Kubera, god, 38, 238, 242.

Kuhu, goddess, 199, 201, 355. Kulañgāpamarin, spirit, 242. Kulindas, people, 632.

Kulitara, father of Cambara, 236.

Kumāra, demon, 241. Kumbhin, demon, 240. Kunindas, people, 632.

Kurgan people, bury their dead, 628, 629. Kūrkura, demon, 241.

Kurukṣetra, sacrifices in, 21, 852, 496. Kuru-Pañcālas, joint people, 341, 456, 496. Kurus, people, 22, 71, 196, n. 7, 843; and

Pandavas, 20, 21.

KuŚikas, Indra as god of the, 127, n. 2, 182. Kūṣmaṇḍarajaputra, Vinayaka, 242.

Kusta, opposed to Aditi, 288.

Kūṭadanta, demon, 240, n. 6.

655

Kutsa Aurava, relations to Indra, 125, 129, 130, 227, 228, 251, 261, 292, n. 2, 426, 456, 470.

Laksmi, prosperity deified, 212, 628. Lambastana, demon, 240, n. 6. Language, influence on development of

religion, 45.

Lanka, not Ceylon, 633, n. 1.

Lanman, C. R., judgement on Indian

philosophy, 592, n. 2.

Lao Tsé, 582, n. 6.

Lar familiaris, 186, n. 4.

Latency of fire in wood, 155, n. 1.

Latin Festival at Alban Mount, as rite of

communion, 269.

Latins, origin of (cf. CAH. ii. 36, 569 ff.), 52. Laṭyāyana Śrauta Sūtra, 28.

Laughter, 349, 381; as loss of strength, 307. Lauriya Nandangarh, alleged Vedic burial

mounds at, 32, n. 1.

Laverna, Roman deity, 150, n. 1.

Law, 249, 472, 479, 481, 516, n. 5, 517, 518. Lead, in ritual, 385, 397; representing in Rajasuya the head of Namuci, 341; used for cleansing purposes, 383. Leader god, see Netṛ.

Leaves, used in lieu of ladles, 56, n. 3. Leibnitz, G. W., German philosopher

(A.D. 1046-1716), 635.

Lemuria, character of, in contrast with

Parentalia, 51.

Letting loose of bull (vṛṣotsarga), ceremony,

Levirate, in India (for Hebrew usage, see Scheftelowitz, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xviii. 250 ff.), 248, n. 3, 419, 423. Leviticus, on sin offerings, 281. Liberation, see Salvation.

Licchavis, in Buddhist texts, 86.

Life of Vedic tribes, 8, 9; see also Long life. Light (jyotis), 479, 523, 524.

Lightning, as divine, 157, 168, 169, 190, 225,

226, 372, 381, 517, 518.

Like as known by like, Greek doctrine of (Inge, Plotinus, i. 187-9; Empedokles, frag. 109), 605, n. 3.

Lion, 151; well known in the Rigveda, 23;

hair of, 858.

Lioness, 199.

Lithuanian religion, 36, 37, 39, 40, 45, 57,

64, 117, 140, n. 6, 141, 360, 627. Little Iliad, 630.

656

General Index

Living and the dead, relations of, 425-7. Lizard’s head, as magic ingredient, 397. Logic, 482, 506; theory of Greek origin of

Indian, 612, 613. Logos, 488, 610, 611. Lohitakṣa, spirit, 242.

Lokayata, materialistic system, 505.

Loki, Teutonic deity, 123, 188, n. 4,

162, n. 1.

Long-haired man, used for menial functions in ritual, at Vajapeya, 889; at Rājasūya,

Long-headed, Indo-Europeans supposed by

some authorities to be, 12, 618, 634. Long life, desire for, 349, 463, 480. Lopamudra, wife of Agastya, 401. Lotus theft, story of the, 395. Love of god, see bhakti.

Lunar mansions, see Nakṣatras. LuŚa, priest, 156, 251, 470. Lust, see Desire.

Luvian, language (CAH. ii. 253), 617. Lycian religion, Hephaistos in, 626, n. 5. Lying-in women, taboos regarding, 309.

Macrocosm and microcosm (cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p. 57), 452, 486, 553, 558, 589, 602.

Madhuka flowers, 374.

Madhyamika, school of Buddhism, 512. Madness, caused by the Gandharvas and

Apsarases, 182, 636.

Magadha, country, 92, 387, 351, 385, 496. Magadha, man of Magadha, 402. Maghavan, the bounteous, Indra as, 132. Magic in ritual, Chap. 22; relations of magic to religion, 370, 380; nature of Vedic magic, 880-2; removal of hostile influences, 382-6; of sin, 260-4; sacrifice, 396-401; spell, 393-6, 524. Magic powers possessed in state of ecstasy,

612. Magicians, 399.

Magoi, 40, 47, 48, 51, 286, n. 2, 398, n. 3, 614, 615, 626; alleged non-Iranian character of, 39, n. 3.

Mahabharata, 20, 29, 112, 545, 618, n. 8. Mahadeva, Mahan Deva, name of Rudra,

148, n. 6, 144.

Mahadeva, spirit, 242.

Mahānāmni verses, 371, 490.

Mahānārāyaṇa Upanisad, 499, 500, 515,

528, 545, 550, 578, n. 3.

Mahārāja, spirit, 242.

Mahasena, disease demon, 242.

Maha Upanisad, 501.

Mahavira, Jain saint, 619.

MaheŚvara, name of Rudra, 549.

Mahl, deity, 178.

Mahidāsa, sage, 528, n. 1. Mainads, 606.

Maitrāvaruṇa, priest, 258, 206, 298, 815, 324,

826, 328, 338, 885, 884.

Maitrayan! Samhita, 17, 86, 99, 208, 212,

Maitrayaniya Gṛhya Sūtra, 420.

Maitrayaniya Upanisad, 500, 501, 514, 527, 530, 540, 545, 549, 558, 555, 560, 561, 565, 590, 591.

Maitreyi, wife of Yajnavalkya, 515, 516, 582,

Maize, human sacrifice in Mexico before

eating, 323, n. 1.

Makha, demon, 68, 112, 213, 226, 266, n. 7,

Makkhali Gosala, ascetic teacher, 551. Maleficent aspects of nature as personified

as demons, 286.

Malevolence, of Rudra, 143, 144.

Malimluca, demon, 240.

Mana (cf. Nilsson, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 379 ff.; Preuss, xxi. 171, 314), 43, 44, 380, n. 4, 446. Manann, Celtic deity, 229, n. 1.

Manava Dharma Sutra, 30. Manava Grhya Sutra, 28, 242. Manava Śrauta Sūtra, 28.

Manda, language (on the name, cf. Friedrich, Streitberg-Festschrift, p. 306, n. 2), 617. Māṇḍūkeyas, Vedic family, 196. Mandukya Kārikā, 531, 637, n. 8; see also

Gaudapada.

Mandukya Upanisad, 500, 501, 503, 545,

Manes, see Fathers.

Manifold origin and character of Agni, 157. Manism, 42, n. 8, 43.

Manitou, 43.

Mannus, Germanic ancestor, 229, n. 1, 620. Man-slaying, epithet of Rudra, 143. Man-tiger, 197.

Mantra Brahmana, 490, n. 3.

Manu, 24, 72, 82, 111, 112, 113, 176, 198, 200, 620, 621, 622; as Grāmaṇī, ancestor of VaiŚyas, 317.

Manuśak, Iranian hero, 620.

Manyu, wrath deified, 124, 210. Mapongas, custom of the, 351, n. 3. Mara, in Buddhism, 502.

MargaŚirṣa, festival in, 862.

General Index

Marduk, Babylonian god, 81, n. 2. Mare form of Saraṇyū, 88, 198; of Vac,

199, n. 7.

Marica, as gazellė, 180, n. 4. Marka, demon, 282, 329, 457. Marking of cattle, ceremony, 865.

Marriage ceremonies, 111, 115, 188, 184, 278, 873-8; of sun and earth in ritual, 351, 352.

Marriage hymn, 14, 138, 170, 256.

Mars (as god of lustratio, Schwenn, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 241 f.), 88; Silvanus, 147.

Marsyas, as an ass, 267, n. 2. Martanda, the eighth Aditya, 99.

Martyava, spirit, 214. Martyumjaya, spirit, 214. Marudvṛdha, river, 151. Māruta Śastra, 315.

Maruts, gods, 3, 38, 67, 71, 81, 87, 91, 92, 124, 126, 127, 184, 189, 143, 150-3, 154, 156, 157, 158, 161, 168, 176, 192, 198, 210, 215, 222, 255, 265, 275, 280, 315, 321, 322, 331, 342, 360, 365, 396, 406, 455, 470. Maruttaś, Kassite god, 618,

n. 2. Marutvatiya Śastra, of the Hotṛ, 330. MaŚaka Śrauta Sûtra, 28. Maśyānik, in Iranian legend, 620. Massagetae, sun worship among the, 104. Matali, Indra’s character, 139.

MatariŚvan, god, 88, 112, 138, 189, 156, 162, n. 1, 168, 164, 166, 206, 221, 222, 226, 228, 815, 407, 435,

Materialism, 525, 531, 541, 546, 550, 558;

in Parmenides, 636.

Materials of the Śrauta sacrifice, 278-85;

for domestic offerings, 859.

Mathara, 505.

Mathara-Vṛtti, 504, 505.

Mathava Videgha, fosters Aryan fire cult,

38, 158.

Mathematics, 488, 607, 635.

Matsya Sammuda, King of fish people, 196,

n. 4.

Matsyas, people, 196, 496.

Matter, see prakṛti and bhūtāni; cf. mātrā. Maujavata, epithet of Soma, 169. Mazdaku, 615, 616.

Mead, 172, 624, and sce madhu. Mcal, as a sacrifice, 270, 360, 361. Meat eating, in Vedic India, 191, 192. Medhātithi Kāṇva, Apri hymn of, 165. Medhyatithi, seer, 227.

Mediation, sacrifice as mode of, between

gods and men, 275-8.

[H.0.5. 32]

22

Medicine, 898, 399.

657

Medicine man, as prototype of deity, 49. Mekala, Melaka, country, 632.

Memorial mound to dead, erection of, 421,

Memory, 563; and see smṛti.

Men as deities, 50; see also Chap. 14. Mena, of VṛṣaṇaŚva, applied to Indra, 125. Menaka, Apsaras, 184.

Mercy, see Compassion.

Merit, see punya.

Mesopotamia, influence on India, 25, 26,

624, 684.

Messenger, Agni as, 159; NaraŚañsa as, 165. Metempsychosis, see Transmigration. Meteor as a Rakṣas, 238.

Methu, μέθυ, 172, 624.

Metre (for an implausible theory see Leumann, KZ. lii.), 6, 16, n. 2, 255, 499, 500. Metru, Assyrian term, 101, n. 4.

Mexican religion, 277, 828, n. 1, 329, n. 1. Midland, definition of the Aryan, 684, n. 2. Midrassil, Mitanni name of Mitra, 617. Milindapañha, 558, 563.

Milk, in ritual, 167, 171, 254, 278, 310, 332, 886, 353, 355, 420; as madhu, 167; cooked, placed in the raw cow by Indra, 182.

Milk pails, Todas’ worship of, 209, n. 5. Milky way, Sarasvati as, 178, n. 4, 202, n. 4. Millet, offered, 328, 366, 381; theory of

Soma as, 172, n. 1.

Millstone, possibly dcified, 189, n. 6. Mimetic magic, 388-90.

Mimi, parallel with Trita, 185. Mimic raid, by king at Rajasūya, 342. Mind (manas), 122, 210, 436, 448, 444, 458, 455, 467, 472, 484, 486, 517, 518, 537, 539, 558, 554, 555, 556, 557, 559, 568, 565, 612. Mingling of races and cultures as affecting

religion, 51-5.

Minoan religion, see Aegean religion. Minoans, probably pre-Hellenic (cf., however, Bury, CAH. ii. 475 f. who makes Minos an Achaean), 628, n. 5, 629.

Minos (on etym. as possibly Indo-European, cf. Gūntert, Der arische Weltkönig, pp. 880 ff.), 229, n. 1.

Miraculous birth of Indra, 125. Mirror, used in marriage ritual, 874. Miscarriage, magic rite to remove ill effects

of a, 385.

Misers, see Paṇis.

Misery, see duḥkha.

Mitanni, gods of the, 5, 88, 88, 54, 87, n. 2,

658

General Index

90, 101, n. 5, 114, 117, 188, 161, 202, n. 2, 617.

Mithra, Iranian god, 88, 84, 104, 107, 614,

Mitra, god, 5, 33, 34, 58, 60, 67, 88, 86, n. 8, 87, 90, 98, 96-8, 104, 105, 127, 133, 141, 157, 161, 166, 167, 182, 189, 199, 200, 215, 217, 246, 280, 296, 327, 828, 320, 881, 853, 355, 887, 435, 617, 620.

Mitrāvaruṇā, 220.

Mixed forms of demons, 225, 287.

Mixed marriages, as factor in caste, 23. Moabite stone, writing parallel to that of

India, 26.

Mode of wearing hair, altered at marriage,

Modes, Spinoza’s, 530, 637.

Modes of thought and categories, 482-8. Modogalinga, people, 683, n. 1.

Moellendorff, U. von Wilamowitz-, views

cited, 634, 635, 636, 637.

Moira, fate in Greek religion (CAH. ii. 623),

Mola salsa, sprinkled on victim, 270, 325,

n. 2.

Moles, occasional worship of, 63, 194, 322,

334, 367.

Moleskin, as aid to detecting sorcerers, 307. Momentary gods, Usener’s theory of, 44, 45. Mon-Khmer languages, 11, 634, n. 1. Mongolian influence on Indian religion, 36. Mongolian offering to the sun, 287, n. 3. Monism, 494.

Monkey form of Indra, 133. Monkey god, 192, 681.

Monotheism, alleged early (cf. K. Th. Preuss,

Die höchste Gottheit bei den kulturarmen Völkern (1922); Meinhof, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 170), 626, n. 4. Monsoon, 109, 127, 128; Hanumant as the,

Months and half months, offerings to, 201. Moon (cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung,

pp. 42 ff.), 34, 81, 128, 133, 134, 136, 187, 147, n. 3, 164, 165, 170, 171, 172, 179, 181, 188, 199, 211, 235, 274, 284, 332, 409, n. 1, 416, 577, 622; and spirits, 165; and tides, 122; offerings, 218.

Moon phases, worship of, 199, 201, 855. Moon-stations, see Nakṣatras.

Morals, 83, 84, 95, 97, 99, 101, 105, 138, 139, 141, 145, 158, 161, 168, 215, 216, 288, 244-9, 251, 264-8, 380, 468-75, 494, 584-9, 594, 596, 597, 598. Morning and evening star, 118.

Mothers, as a class, like the Fathers, 429, 598; as demonesses or patron goddesses, 149.

Mothers of Indra, Tvasty’s daughters as,

Mountain tops, worship on, 39.

Mountains, as divine, 148, 147, 169, 176, 182,

184, 187, 188, 199, 213; see also Parvata. Mouth, as organ, 575, 576.

Movements, 550, 557.

Mrda, name of Rudra, 144, n. 8, 146. Mrga, constellation, 146, 208. MrgaŚiras, constellation, 146. Mrgavyadha, constellation, 146, 208. Mṛtyu, death, 408.

Mroka and Anumroka, demons, 239. Mudgala, Vedic seer, 191. Majavants, people, 322, 385.

Muñjavant, mountain home of Soma, 169. Mūla, Nakṣatra, 392.

Mundaka Upanisad, 499, 500, 503, 522, n. 0,

528, 537, 538, 545, 577, 578. Mundas, 11, 632.

Munda-speaking tribes, 11, 632-4. Muni, ecstatic ascetic, 301, 402, 618. Munimarana, 458.

Murder, 477, 480; see also Killer. Music, 258.

Mysticism, 598, 599, 600. Myth and cult, 48, 354.

Nabhanediṣṭha, sage, 61, 220.

Naciketas, student, 250, 348, 440, 441, 499,

572, 573.

Naga clans, Pañcalas supposed to represent,

23, n. 1.

Nagas, kind of demon, 197.

Nagnajit Gandhara, authority on the fire

cult, 354.

Naigamesa, demon, 242.

Naighantuka, 87, 105, 136, 137, 141, 199,

210, 228.

Nails, in magic, 387.

Nairuktas, authorities on ctymology, 86, 87,

Nairyosanha, Iranian, 165, 448.

Nakedness, in ritual, 388.

Nakṣatras, 4, 25, 79, 179, 189, 201, 208, 218,

218, 428; offerings to, 368. Namas, homage, as above the gods, 261. Nambudiris, 631.

Name (cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p.83), 891, 394; see nāman and nāmarupa. Names of child, 868.

General Index

Names of certain objects, altered for

reasons of taboo, 378.

Namuci, demon, 68, 80, 180, 181, 221, 231, 236, 841, 889, 400, n. 2, 427, n. 1, 458, 470.

Nãonhaithya, Iranian Nasatya, 117, 232. Nārada, sage, 403, 513, 517.

NaraŚarsa, god, 106, 122, 188, 160, 163,

164-6, 813, 320, 349.

NārāŚansa cups, 829, 330, 448, 400. NaraŚansa fire, 254.

NārāŚansis, verses, 400.

Nārāyaṇa, god, 17, n. 8.

Nārāyaṇa, list of Upanisads, 501, n. 2. Nārmedha Saman, 385.

Nasattiyana, Mitanni name of Nasatya, 617. Nasatya, name of Agvins, 5, 38, 87, n. 2, 114,

117, 188, 232. Natura naturans, 436. Natura naturata, 436.

Naturalism, as source of religion, 42, n. 3,

Nature, Prakṛti, in Sāmkhya, 488, 510,

532-5, 559, 562, 604.

Nature and characteristics of Vedic magic,

880-2.

Nature of the dead, 403-5.

Nature worship, as source of religion, 42-5,

Naubandhana, place of descent of Manu’s

ship, 229.

Naudhasa Saman, 335. Navagvas, priests, 224.

Necessity, as final principle, 550, 551. Necromancy, unknown in Vedic ritual, 802. Need fire, 155, n. 1.

Negritos, as element in Indian population,

Nejamesa, demon, 242.

Nemesa, demon, 242.

Neo-Platonists, 611, 612, 636.

Nerthus, Teutonic earth deity, 400, n. 6. Nestr, priest, 91, 205, 294, 206, 208, 328,

880, 339.

Net, of Indra, 124.

Netr, leader god, 206.

New-born child, impure or innocent, 478. New moon and full moon offerings (darŚa-

pūrṇa-māseṣti), 319-21, 361.

Newton, Isaac, scientist (A.D. 1642-1727),

New Year, Dawn as goddess of, 155, n. 2;

domestic ritual festival of, 362.

Night, 80, 180, 181, 279, 428; as time of

activity of Rakṣases, 287.

22*

659

Night walkers, spirits as, 214. Nihilistic school of Buddhism, 510, 512, 513. Nin Ella, mother of waters, 178, n. 4. Nine, as sacred number of Indo-Europeans,

41, 86, 116, n. 2, 420, n. 6.

Nirṛti, deity, 211, 212, 245, 266, 267, 279,

324, 341, 383, 400, 408, 475. Nirukta, by Yaska, 20, 86, 177, 578. Nirvana (cf. L. de la Vallée Poussin, Nirvana

(1925), 541.

Niṣādas, aborigines, 11, n. 2, 146, n. 4, 208,

299, 386, 634.

Niṣkevalya Śastra, of the Hotṛ, 168, 880,

331, 335.

Nistigri, mother of Indra, 125. Nivartana, Sondergott, 64.

Nobility of office versus birth, 481, n. 10. Nodhas, seer, 458.

Noise, 439; used to scare demons, 384. Non-injury, see ahinsā.

Nordic race, G18, 628, n. 5.

Norse mythology, cosmic giant in, 81, 619. North, Rudra in the, 145.

North-eastern quarter, 375, 897; door of

heaven in the, 411.

Nose, 558, 554, 579.

Noseless, Nisadas as, 11, 634.

Not-being, 483, 485, 519, 525, 637, n. 8. ‘Not so’, as definition of absolute, 491, 506,"

Nous, in Anaxagoras, 544, n. 6, 611; of

Aristotle, 507; of Epicharmos, 554.

Nrmani, demon, 240.

Nrsinhottaratapaniya Upanisad, 570. Number, of deities, 35; of wives permitted

to members of different castes, 373. Numbers, 222, 484, 544, 604, 605, n. 4; 3X7: 150; 3×00: 150; 99: 234; 1,100 286; 100,000: 286; and see Three, Five, Seven, Nine, Thousand, Numerals, Mitanni type (aika is pre-Vedic, satta post-Vedic; probably na is by haplology; they are at least as probably Aryan as Indian, and may even be proto- Iranian), 617.

Nyarbudi, a demon, 400. Nyaya, philosophy, 545.

Oak, and lightning, 37; god of the, 141. Oath (cf. Lasch, Der Eid (1908); Petersen, Der Eid bei den Semiten (1914); F. Schwenn, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xx. 804-8), 268, 892, 895, 896. Obi men, 398, 11. 8.

660

General Index

Objects of sense (artha), 519, 558, 554, 556,

Obscene language, in ritual, 845, 846, 851. Ocean, deity, 97, 115, 174, 175, 218.

October horse, at Rome, 346. Odin, Norse deity, 198, 619, 620. Odour (gandha), 554, 556, 557. Odras, not in Vedic texts, 23, n. 3. Offering post (yupa), 66, 67, 185. Offerings to animals, 197, 323, 362, 364, 365;

to Rakṣases, 145.

Offerings to the dead, in the domestic ritual,

427-9; in the Śrauta ritual, 429-32. Oldenberg, H., judgement of Indian philo-

sophy, 599, n. 1; views of, cited, passim. Ollae, revered by Arval Brethren, 269, n. 5. Omens, 366, n. 1, 390, 391.

Omentum, 280, 281, 345, 363.

Omophagia, not practical in India, 476. Ophthalmic sleeplessness, Indra’s, 205. Opposition to worship of Indra, 125, n. 7,

Ordeal, 392, 393.

Orenda, among Huron, 446.

Organs of sense (indriya), 537, 558, 554, 556,

Orgiastic cult, 150, 158.

Orgiastic traits of Civa, 150.

Origin of gods, 82.

Origin of man, 82, 83, 229, 230.

Origin of religion, 42-51.

Origin of the world, 80, 619-21.

Original home of Indo-Europeans, in cold climate, 162, 618; that of Kurgan dwellers east of Dnieper, 628, 629. Orion, as saevus, 146. Orphic hymn, 602.

Orphic movement (cf. Kern, Orpheus, 1920),

602, 686.

Osiris, god of Nile and fertility (Breasted, Dev. of Religion in Anc. Egypt, pp. 18 ff.), 187.

Ostara, Teutonic deity, 121.

Otos and Ephialtes, Greek giants, 284. Ouranos, Greek deity, 88, 100, 101, 104. Over-population of the earth, 622. Owl, as bird of omen (cf. for Greece, A. Kiock, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xviii. 127-38), 193, 391, 392; demons as, 287; offered to Nirṛti, 824.

Ox, 279, 824; cosmic and mystical, 444,

445, 477, 619, n. 4.

Pada Patha, of Rigveda, 20.

Paidva, possibly the sun-horse, 191.

Pain (duḥkha), 556, 557. Paingi Upanisad, 501. Pairs, 87, 89.

PaiŚāca marriage, 373.

PaiŚāci language, 78.

Pakudha Kaccayana, doctrines of, 611. Pali, alleged origin of, 21, n. 2.

Pañcalas, people, 22, 28; origin of name,

196, n. 7.

PañcavinŚa Brahmana, 17, 19, 227, 849, 477,

PañcavinŚa Stoma, 319, 350, 851.

Pandavas, and Kurus, 21.

Panini, 20, n. 1, 30, 488, 502, 541, 547, 602. Panis, enemies of the gods, 7, 88, 128, 192,

223, 234, 243, 266.

Pantheism, 510, 511, 512, 523, 524, 581, 552,

Papas, Phrygian Zeus, 36, n. 4. Paramahansa Upanisad, 589, n. 4.

Paramartha, version of commentary on

Samkhya Karikā, 504.

Pāraskara Grhya Sūtra, 28, 213. Paravṛj, cured by the AŚvins, 116. Pardon, for sin, 244-8.

Parendi, Avestan deity, 65, 211.

Parentage, various forms of cosmic, 80,

Parentalia, character of, in contrast with

Lemuria, 51.

Parents, duties to, 480.

Parikṣit, King, 400, n. 11, 618, n. 7. Parinah, place, 352.

Pariplava Akhyāna, at horse sacrifice, 344. Parjanya, god, 86, 93, 95, 99, n. 2, 120, n. 4, 139, 140, 141, 213, 214, 221, 290, 321, 300, 365, 441. Parmenides, Greck philosopher (6th cent. B.C.), 509, n. 1, 530, 603, 613, 686, 637. Parṇaya, an enemy of Indra, 129. Parnians, 7.

Parrot, jaundice transferred to a, 386. ParŚu, possibly Iranian name, 7. PārŚva, PārŚvanatha, alleged date of, as the

founder of Jaina philosophy, 20, 619. Pārsṇi, goddess, 186, 366.

Pārthava, alleged Iranian reference, 7. Parthian invasions of India, 64.

Parting of hair of pregnant women,

ceremony, 367.

Parts of the soul, 554-67.

Parvata, mountain as god, 187.

Parvati, goddess, 144.

PaŚadyumna Vayata, sacrificer, 251.

PaŚupati, god, 111, 112, 862.Passions, 581; see also Desire.

General Index

Paths, Pūṣan’s connexion with, 106, 107.

Pātrapāṇi, demon, 240. Patricide, of Indra, 125.

Paurṇamast, offerings to, 201. Payasi, King, 551.

Pedu, recipient of a steed from the AŚvins,

Pehrkon, Lettish deity, 140, n. 4.

Pelops, death of, 119, n. 5. Penance, see Asceticism.

Penis, as organ, 557.

Penthcus, origin of legend of, 48, 612. People, plundered by the king, 151, n. 1. Perception (pratyakṣa), 453, n. 5, 482, 559,

500, 564.

Performers of the sacrifice, 289–99.

Perfumes, offered to Brahmans for the dead,

Periodic destruction of universe by fire, 529. Perjury, see Truth.

Perkunas, Lithuanian deity, 37, 140, n. 4,

Persian influence on court of Candragupta,

306, n. 8; see also Iranian religion. Persian religion, 39, 626, and see Iranian

religion.

Personal deity, 509, 511, 626.

Personality of deities, development of, 45;

of the absolute, 522, n. 6. Perun, Slav god, 140, n. 4, 141. Pessimism, not early Vedic, 581.

Pestle and mortar, used in pressing Soma,

Petavatthu, 29, 74.

Phaidros, of Plato, chariot metaphor in, 609,

n. 4, 613.

Phallic worship, 10, 56, 129, 148, 632, n. 3. Pharmakoi, scapegoats (cf. Wissowa, Archiv

f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 21), 263. Pherekydes, Greek poet (c. 540 B.C.), 606. Philo, Jewish philosopher (c. 80 B.C.-A.D. 50; cf. on his Logos, Inge, Plotinus, i. 98), 610. Philolaos, Pythagorean philosopher (5th

cent. B.C.), 608, 684, 685.

Philosophical hymns, in the Rigveda, 2, 14. Philosophical myths, 60.

Philosophy of the Veda, sce Contents, Part V. Phlegyai, 38, 226.

Phraortes, sense of name, 616, n. 1. Phrygian religion, 620.

Physical paternity, sense of pater in Roman

religion, 96, 626.

Physicians of the gods, AŚvins as, 115. Piercing of skin of cow, as rain spell, 351.

Pig, not offered in sacrifice, 279. Pigeon, as bird of omen, 198, 883, 392. Pigmy size of mind, 404.

661

Piling of the fire, 271, 282, 852, 354-6, 364,

397, 440, n. 1, 465-7.

Pindar, Greek lyric poet, eschatology of,

609, n. 3.

Pipru, Asura, 180, 281, 286.

PiŚācas, demons, 73, 74, 76, 91, 180, n. 9, 181, 238, 239, 384, 886, 414, 478, n. 8, 616. Pits, and dead, 411.

Pity, see Compassion.

Places of the dead, 400-15.

Plakṣa Prasravana, offering at the, 352. Planets (cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p. 126), 79, 108, n. 4, 200, 201, 416, n. 2, 528, n. 9, 635.

p.

Plant demons, 239, 240. Plant life, influenced by the moon (for epic, cf. Meyer, Das Weib im altind. Epos, 358; v. Glasenapp, Hinduismus, p. 49), 170. Plants (opadhayaḥ), 34, 64, 184, 225, 523,

526, 631; and souls of the dead, 415. Plato, Greek philosopher (B.C. 427-847), 526, 602, 605, n. 4, 613, 620, n. 1, 635, 686, 637.

Pleasure (sukha), 520, n. 7, 521, n. 5, 550,

556, 557.

Pleiades, 202, 416, n. 2.

Plotinus, Neo-Platonist (A.D. 204-70), 599,

Plough festival, 390.

Ploughshare, deity, 64, 188.

Plurality of selves, 536.

Poison, 150; sent by Rudra, 144; to

produce ecstasy, 402.

Poison ordeal, 393.

Polar dawn, theory of a, 122, n. 1.

Pole star, in marriage ritual, 4, 875;

worship of, 202.

Political theory, 480, 481, 600. Polyandry, apparent in case of marriage of

Sūrya, 119, n. 5.

Polydaemonism, 204, n. 1.

Polynesian influence on India, 634. Pool of youth, 116.

Popular and hieratic religion, 55-7.

Porcupine quill, used by bride, 367, 874. Porphyry, Neo-Platonist (A.D.232-801), 612. Porridge, as cosmic principle, 275, 445. Portents, 392.

Poseidon, Greek god (on derivation Пore ▲ās; Kretschmer, Пori-Aa (Aαov); Hoffmann, see R. Loewe, KZ. li. 219 f.), 469, n. 4.

662

General Index

Possession by evil spirit, modes to remove,

Post, sacrificial (yupa), 254, 264, 324, 325,

Potr, priest, 252, 294, 296, 297, 298, 328. Pourucista, daughter of Zoroaster, 615. Power, holy, see Brahman.

Pṛthi Vainya, King, 355.

Prthivi, goddess, 86, 87, 95, 145, 197, 622,

n. 4; see also Earth.

PrŚni, goddess, 151, 198.

Prṣātaka, offering and deity, 362. Prabhus, class of Rbhus, 176.

Prahrada Kāyādhava, an Asura, 232. 1. Prajapati, god, 24, 65, 68, 84, n. 3, 86, 88, 96, n. 5, 101, 105, 111, 122, 125, 146, 192, 196, 213, 218, 233, 324, 345, 346, 847, 350, 359, 863, 876, 393, 396, 428, 437, 442-4, 449, 450, 454, 455, 456, 464, 465, 466, 407, 469, 470, 471, 473, 479, 480, n. 6, 481, 482, 486, 506, 510, 517, 524, 525, 539, 554, 560, 573, 581, 583, 610, 613, 635, n. 9. Prakritic languages, origin of, 52. Prakrits, 233, 238.

PramṛŚant, demon, 240, n. 6.

PraŚastṛ, priest, 252, 253, 294, 296.

PraŚna Upanisad, 500, 501, 525, 537, 545,

552, 568, 577, 578, 581.

Prāsaha, wife of Indra, 125, 210. Prastotr, priest, 297, 298, 314. Pratardana, King, 584.

PratidarŚa Śvaikna, sacrificer, 320, n. 1. Pratihartṛ, priest, 297, 298, 314.

Pratiprasthātṛ, priest, 294, 295, 321, 326,

830, 336, 371. PrātiŚakhyas, 488.

Prauga Śastra, of the Hotṛ, 255, 315, 329. Pravāhaṇa Jaivali, philosopher, 493. Prayer (for an implausible critique of RV. vii. 80, see v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, pp. 44-6), 65, 162-4, 310-12, 479, 480; and spell, 390.

Predestination, 511; see also Determinism. Pre-Dravidians, 11, 682-4; see also Niṣādas. Pregnant woman, funeral rite of a, 424, 627. Preparation of Soma, 166-8.

Pressing stones (grāvan), 66, 167, 254. Priest, 228-7, 289-99; power to injure his patron or enemy, 812; see also Brahmans. Priesthood, 89, 40, 55-7, 58, n. 1, 72. Primitive matter, 438, 488, 510, 532-5; see

also prakṛti.

Primitive savages, alleged, 42.

Prince in exile, magic rite to restore, 387. Principles, Samkhya system of, 582-4.

Priyamedha, seer, 227.

Probe, used in medicine, 898.

Problem and Conditions of Knowledge, 513-

Procreation, 566, 567.

Prodigies, 892.

‘Projection’ theory of religion, 49.

Prometheus, Greek hero, 188, 158, 162, n. 1,

226, n. 5, 289, n. 2.

Prostitution, disapproved, 585.

Proto-Hittite, language (Sayce, JRAS.*

1924, pp. 245 ff.), 617. Prussian religion, 39.

Prytaneia, sacred fires of the, 625. Pseudo-Hippokratean treatises, 602: Pseudo-Kallisthenes, 618, n. 9.

Psychic apparatus, 405,,and see linga. Public sacrifices, paucity of, 159, 258, 625. Pulindas, people, 632.

Puloman, father of Śaci, 125. Punishment of crime, as a sacrifice, 348,

n. 2.

Punjab, 3, 91, 121, 127, 337, n. 3, 634, n. 2. Puramdhi, goddess, 211.

Puranas, 111, 112.

Purification, 141, 142, 383; see also Expul-

sion of evil.

Purohita, domestic priest, 159, 162, 227,

253, 292, 293, 319, 341, 342, 303, 394, 481. Pūru, Asura, 234.

Purukutsa, wife of, 90.

Pururavas, and UrvaŚi, 84, n. 3, 183, 200. Pūrus, people, 9; and VaiŚvānara, 164,

n. 5.

Pūrva Mimānsā, 260, 505, 545, 574. Pūṣan, god, 63, 70, 81, 87, 92, 93, 105–8, 110,

115, 125, 126, 142, 150, 166, 169, 170, 188, 192, 205, 211, 210, 221, 264, 274, 280, 328, 860, 364, 365, 374, 376, 400. Pusyamitra, King, 495. Put, hell, 580.

Putting crop into the barn, Anagha wor-

shipped on occasion of, 186. Pythagoras, Greek philosopher (6th cent.

B.C.), and his school, 605-10, 634-7. Pythagorean theorem, 607, 635.

Quail, saved from a wolf by the AŚvins, 116,

Quantity and quality, ideas of, distinguished

by Anaxagoras, 635.

Quarters, 218, 483, 486, 518, n. 7, 558, 561. Queen at Rājasūya (for a quasi-parallel, see v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, p. 93), 190, D. 7.

General Index

Ṛbhukṣan, leader of the Ṛbhus, 176. Rbhus, elves, 88, 93, 168, 176-8, 255, 315, 461. Ṛgvidhana, 382.

RjiŚvan, son of Vidathin, protégé of Indra,

RjraŚva, saved by the AŚvins, 116. Rkṣa, father of Samvarana, 196. Rtu, seasons, 93, 178.

Race at wedding of Soma and Sūryā, 114,

Races, mingling of, as religious factor, 51-5. Racing, in ritual, 339, 340.

Rahasyu Devamalimluc, slayer of the Vai-

khānasas, 129, n. 4, 458.

Rahu, demon of eclipse, 235, 623. Raikva, sage, 496, n. 5, 505.

Rain, 622, 623; see also Clouds; and Soma,

151, 169, 172, 176, 178. Rainbow, Gandharva as the, 181. Rain spells, 309, 310, 331, 351, 389. Rain water, as impure, 383. Raivata Saman, 350.

Rajana Saman, 352.

Rajanyas, 92, 326, 341, 342, 481. Rākā, goddess, 199, 201, 355. Rākṣasa, form of marriage, 373. Rakṣases, demons, 56, 73, 75, 76, 111, n. 1,

158, 213, 237, 238, 241, 272, 281, 285, 301, 320, 324, 360, 382, 383, 384, 886, 414, 427, n. 1, 430, 457, 470, 472, 478, n. 8, 616. Rākṣasi, as house deity, 76.

Ram, 359; of Medhātithi, Indra invoked as,

131, n. 4.

Rāma, epic hero, 64, 92.

Ramanuja, philosopher, 501, 508, 509, 512,

Rāmāyaṇa, 30.

Ramman, Semitic deity, 222, n. 8.

Rāstrabhṛt, Apsaras, 184.

Rathakaras, caste, 208, 299, 316, 817. Rathakṛt, 178.

Rathantara Saman, 253, 835, 350, 851, 461,

Rātri, night, 198. Real, 507, 519.

Realism, 558, 559.

Reasoning, 482, 484, 485; see also Know-

ledge.

Rebha, saved by the AŚvins, 116. Rebirth in the consecration, 802; see also

Transmigration.

Recollection of previous births, 580, 609. Red, colour of Rudra, 145; connected with the dead, 143, n. 1; ochre, used in Kurgan burials, 628.

663

Redemption of self in sacrifice, see Sacrifice. Reed arrow points in magic, 887, 895. Re-establishment of the fires (punarådheya),

817, 318.

Reinhardt, views cited, 685.

Relations of magic to religion, 879; see also

Magic and Sacrifice. Release, see Salvation. Remains of offerings, 275. Remedics, of Rudra, 143.

Remembrance of former births, 580, 609. Removal of hostile influences by magic,

882-6.

Renewed death (cf. v. Negelein, Weltan-

schauung, p. 96), 573, 588, n. 3. Renunciation, 515.

Repeated death, see Renewed death. Repeating a formula backwards, 394. Repentance of sin, 244, 471.

Replacing of offering by butter, 334.

Resignation, 598.

Restoration of dead to life by Indra, 125,

n. 7, 458.

Restriction on nature of offerings, 258. Retribution, see karman.

Ribaldry, in ritual, 258; at horse sacrifice,

845, 346; at Mahāvrata, 351.

Rice, 323, 359, 366; not known to Rigveda,

Riddles, 258; in Upanisads, 505, 500, 507. Right, see ṛta and dharma,

Rigveda, 1-15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 33, 48-52, 53,

58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 68, 74, 77, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 111, 115, 119, 131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 148, 147, 150, 155, 158, 159, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 176, 180, 181, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193, 199, 210, 218, 227, 229, 230, 281, 237, 248, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 259, 200, 261, 272, n. 10, 275, 282, 288, 286, 290, 291, 294, 295, 296, 297, 300, 301, 303, 316, 831, 332, 347, 851, 354, 371, 375, 891, 398, 402, 408, 404, 405, 406, 409, 417, 420, 422, 423, 426, 427, 428, 438, 443, 445, 446, 449, 451, 454, 468, 479, 480, 483, 486, 490, 491, 515, 519, 555, 570, 571, 575, 581, 616-19, 621, 622. Rinsing of the mouth by the sacrificer, 825,

n. 1.

8

Rites ancillary to the sacrifice the consecration, 300-8; the Avabhṛtha, 808, 804; taboo, 304-10; form of prayer, 810,

Ritual in the Rigveda, 252-6; in the later

texts, 257-402; see Contents. Rivalry in sacrifice, 251.

664

General Index

River, crossed by dead, 406, n. 9, 412 n. Rivers, as divine, 176, 218.

Robbers, &c., Rudra as patron of, 144, 150. Robbery, marriage by, 875, n. 8. Robigus, dog offered to, 824, n. 4. Rock, cloud as, 157, 169. Rodasi, goddess, 151, 220.

Rohini, constellation, 146, 170, 179. Rohita, deity, 209, 444, 467, n. 8. Roman de Roland, 618, n. 9.

Roman religion, 86, 89, 45, 48, n. 3, 51, 58, 57, 117, 121, 188, 258, 259, 260, n. 5, 262, n. 2, 269, 270, n. 2, 278, n. 4, 274, 276, 279, n. 5, 280, 281, n. 1, 283, 284, n. 2, 286, n. 4, 289, 291, 818, n. 4, 325, n. 4, 329, n. 3, 346, 861, 376, 378, n. 1, 885, 418, 419, n. 5, 421, n. 2, 422, n. 5, 455, 626, 627, 631.

Royal consecration, see rājasūya. Royal hair washing, 306.

Rubbing, in ritual, 271, 272, 848, 367. Rudhikra, demon or enemy, 286. Rudra, god, 24, 46, 56, 57, 61, 69, 71, 81, 91,

92, 105, 106, 110, 112, 137, 142-50, 153, 156, 159, 188, 191, 192, 194, 199, 200, 208, 214, 215, 221, 222, 229, 241, 242, 244, 257, 272, 278, 287, 322, 331, 388, 355, 359, 364, 383, 899, 410, n. 8, 497, 501, 510, 511, 525, 527, 539, 549.

Rudraṇi, wife of Rudra, 218, 864.

Rudras, 81, 86, 143, 150-8, 222, 223, 270,

455; see also Maruts. Rudriyas, 148.

RuŚamas, people, 250; Kaurama, king of,

400, n. 11.

Śabala, Śabara, dog of Yama, 192, 406. Śabali, deity, 191, n. 6, 456, n. 1; offering,

456, n. 1.

Śabara, 38; and see Śabala.

Śabarasvamin, on Mimānsā DarŚana, 508,

n. 5.

Śaci, 81, 125, 219; Paulomni, wife of Indra,

Śaka, uncertain sense of, 201, n. 1. Śaka invasions of India, 54.

Śakadhuma, weather prophet, 201, n. 1,

Śakalya, author of Pada Patha of Rigveda,

Śakalya, sage, 506, 517. Śakapūṇi, author, 164.

Śakuntala, Apsaras, mother of Bharata, 184. Śakvara Saman, 258, 850. Śakvari, verses, 258, 309.

Śakya, line, 21; alleged connexion with

non-Aryan Scyths, 86. Śalakaṭañkaṭa, spirit, 242,

Śamā, goddess, 186, 212, 866.

Śambara, son of Kulitara, demon, 129, 181,

Śambavya Grhya Sutra, 28, n. 3.

Śamity, priest, 253, 325. ŚanaiŚcara, planet, 200. Śanda, Asura, 232, 829. Śandilya, sage, 354, 467, 576.

Śankara, philosopher, 367, 501, 508, n. 6, 504, 507, 508, 509, 512, 522, 581, 582, 551, 552, 558, 558, 560, 571, 574, 578, 579, 595, 596, 599.

Śankara, name of Rudra, 144, n. 8, Śankhayana Aranyaka, 490. Śañkhāyana Gṛhya Sutra, 418.

Śañkhāyana Śrauta Sutra, 847, 854, 476. Śanstr, priest, 252.

Śarkara ŚinŚumāra, dolphin, 129, 201, n.

Śarva, god, 85, n. 4, 92, 144, 147, 399. Śarvāṇi, wife of Carva, 364. ŚaŚin, as name of the moon, 122. Śatanika, King, 394.

Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 29,

36, 86, 92, 96, 106, 110, 113, 116, 117, 144, 148, 182, 188, 192, 193, 208, 226, 229, 242, 298, 304, 333, 347, 354, 403, 404, 409, 410, 414, 416, 417, 421, 443, 450, 451, 452, 458, 457, 464, 466, 474, 479, 483, 495, 499, 517, 573, 624.

Śatarudriya litany, 144, 150, 215. Śatru, demon, 240.

Śatrumjaya, spirit, 214.

Śatyāyana Brāhmaṇa, 18, n. 2. Śaunaka, on Śrāddhas, 427.

Śaundikeya, demon, 240.

Śavasi, mother of Indra, 81, 125, 217. Śigrus, people, 196.

ŚiŚu Añgirasa, a seer, 458. Śitibahu, see Aiṣakṛta.

Śiva, god, 30, 70, 137, 144, 148, 149, 150, 209,

862, 399, 525, 549, 628.

Śiva, as style of the jackal, 150, n. 4. Śivasamkalpa section of Vājasaneyi

Samhita, 452.

Śraddhas, offerings to dead, 427-32. Cramaṇas, ascetics, 587, n. 7.

Śrauta ritual, 55, 98, 149, 177, 287-9, 289- 99, 818-57 (see Contents), 429-32, 607. Śrautarṣi Devabhāga, sage, 482. Śrauta Sutras, 27, 28, 29. Śrāvana, snake offering in, 862.

T

Śri, goddess, 212, 860, 479, Cruti, offerings to, 218.

General Index

Śūdras, fourth class in Vedic society, 28, 67, 218, 298, 299, 851, 871, 878, 481, 496, 684, n. 2.

Śukra, planet, 200.

Śukrajyotis, Marut, 153, n. 6.

Śulba Sutra, 488, 607.

Śalvāna, spirit, 214.

Śuna, as deity, 188.

Śunahśepa, legend of, 268, 282, 283, 341,

n. 2, 348, 460.

Śunakas, priestly family, 196.

Śunamkuri, deity, 186, 866. Śunasirau, offering to, 828. Śunasiriya, Indra as, 323.

Śuṣna, demon, 130, 131, 227, 228, 231. Śutudri, as deity, 172. Cveta, genius, 362. Cvetaketu, teacher, 488.

ŚvetāŚvatara Upanisad, 499, 500, 510, 511, 512, 514, 516, 524, 526, 528, 529, 531, 540, 545, 549, 550, 552, 560, 579, 586, 589, 590, 591.

Śyaita Saman, 385.

Śyama, dog of Yama, 192, 406.

Śyaparna Sayakayana, last offerer of human

sacrifice, 282. Cyena, spirit, 242. ṢaḍdarŚanasamuccaya, 505. ṢaḍvinŚa Brāhmaṇa, 18. Ṣasthi, offering to, 866, n. 1. Ṣaṣţitantra, 505, 544, n. 5. Ṣaṣtitantroddhāra-rūpa, 505. Sacramental sacrifice, 208-78, 323, 826. Sacred marriage, 117, n. 3. Sacred places, worship of, 631. Sacred texts, not created by men, 482. Sacrifice, 40, 47, 48; as a gift, 257-60; as a spell, 260-4, 338, 356; attacked by Rakṣases, 238; communion and sacrament in the, 208-78; fire and, 285-9; materials of the, 278-85; of a god, 276, 284, 882, n. 1, 619; performers of the, 289-99; removal of sin by, 264-8; theory of, in the Brahmanas, 454-67, 480; used in allegorical sense in doctrine of transmigration, 575; view of, in Upanisads, 495, 514, 576, 577, 578; Viṣṇu identified with, 111; see also Magic. Sacrifice of Puruṣa and the origin of the

world, 619-21.

Sacrificial grass (barhis), as divine, 189. Sadasaspati, deity, 218, 372. Sadasya, priest, 298.

Sadhyas, ancient deities, 218. Sagara’s wife, 196.

Sages, as cosmic actors, 486.

665

Sahampati, Buddhist epithet of Brahman (according to Przyluski, for Sabhāpati), 209.

Sahasraksa, spirit, 218.

Saint, see Salvation.

St. Catherine, on God and the soul, 600. St. Paul, his doctrine of freedom from the

law, 582, n. 6.

Sakai, in Malay Peninsula, 11. SakamaŚva Saman, 385. Salajya city, 407, n. 7, 484. Sālāvṛkas, hyenas, 197, n. 1.

Sale, as form of marriage, 375, n. 1. Salic law, name given under, 868. Salii, Roman, 39, 291.

Salt, 328, 889, 841, 856, 870, 375, 386, 387; symbol of prosperity, 471; taboo on use of, 307.

Salvas, people, 682.

Salvation (mokṣa), way of, 581-4, 585-7. Salve from Trikakubh, 187, 188. Samagas, priests, 253.

Samans, 16, 253, 314, 385, 372, 384, 519. Samanyas, priests, 253.

Śamaś, Babylonian god, 222, n. 8.

Samaveda, 1, 16, 17, 19, 52, 58, 402, 415, 488,

490, 491, 519.

Samavidhana Brahmana, 18, 382. Samhita Patha, of Rigveda, 20. Samhita text, mystic speculations on, 401. Samkhya, philosophy, 487, 458, n. 3, 488, 484, 494, 503, 504, 505, 509, n. 1, 510, 512, 518, 520, 535-51, 553, 557, 559, 562, 565, n. 2, 578, 589, 590, 608, 604, 605, 607, n. 1, 609, 611, 612.

Samkhya Kārikā, 532, 533, 584, 544. Samkhya-Yoga philosophy, 20, 503, 548,544. Sammitiyas, Buddhist school, views on the

soul, 547.

Samtapana, class of Maruts, 215. Samudra, ocean, 174, 175. Samudragupta, emperor, 495. Samvarani, Manu, 229.

Sanatkumāra, 498, 518, 517;

Skanda.

Sandhi Stotra, 336.

see also

Sannyasa Upanisad, 578, n. 3. SaptadaŚa Stoma, 319, 350, 851. Saptavadhri, Atri, protégé of the AŚvins,

116, 227.

Sarama, divine being, 62, 128, 142, 241. Sarameya, dogs of Yama, 128, n. 2, 192.

666

General Index

Saranyū, daughter of Tvastr, 38, 62, 104, n. 1, 112, 115, 128, n. 2, 174, 198, 205, 229. Sarapis, Egyptian god, 620. Sarasvant, male counterpart of Sarasvati,

178, 174, 321.

Sarasvati, river, 8, 7, 151, 172, 174, 821, 327, 331, 334, 353, 419, 422, n. 4, 459; offerings on the, 352; speech, 197, 199, 200, 218, 280.

Sarpa and Anusarpa, demons, 239. Sarsaparuṇa, demon, 240. Sarvannabhūti, deity, 212, 300.

Sarvāstivādins, Buddhist school, 586, 548,

550, 565, n. 5.

Sarvavid, deity, 400, n. 5.

in

Satire, alleged, in RV. x. 119, 132, n. 5 ;

Vṛṣākapi hymn (RV. x. 86), 183. Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana, view on

Greek origin of Indian logic, 612, 613. Satthitanta, mentioned in Jain texts, 505. Sattras, sacrificial sessions, 179, 290, 314,

849-52.

Satyajyotis, Marut, 158, n. 6. Satyakāma, sage, 495, 496.

Saubhara Saman, 835.

Saudhanvana, a caste, 178.

Saudhanvanas, epithet of the Rbhus, 176. Saura, planet, 200, n. 10, 528, n. 8. Saurva (Śarva), Avestan demon, 35, n. 4,

189, n. 2, 232.

Savitṛ, god, 65, 80, 82, 92, 93, 96, 98, 105, 106, 107, 157, 176, 187, 203, 205, 206, 207, 215, 233, 265, 331, 370, 408, 590, 620. Savitri, goddess, 65, n. 4; offering to, 213;

see also Sitā.

Savitri verse, 105, 869, 370.

Savour, see Taste.

Scale, as deciding fate of dead, 410, n. 8. Scapegoat, 268, 385.

Scents (gandha), see Smell. Scepticism, 133, 243, 244. Schopenhauer, A., German philosopher

(A. D. 1778-1800), 502, 599. Schrader, F. Otto, views cited, 560. Scotus, John Eriugena (Erigena), 600, n. 2. Scythian religion, 39.

Sca, man likened to the, 523; see also

Ocean.

Sea foam, Namuci’s soul in, 131.

Seasonal sacrifices, see Four-month sacri-

fices.

Seasons, offerings to, 201, and see Ṛtu. Secrecy, in the Upanisads, 489.

Sectarian marks, use of, 28, n. 2, 370. Seed, and body, 566.

Seers (rṣi), and the sacrifice, 458, 459. Self-restraint, 480, 586, 587; see also

Asceticism.

Self-sacrificing instinct, in religion, 46. Selloi, of Dodona, 39.

Semang, in Malay Peninsula, 11. Semites, and Sumerians, 10.

Semitic influence, 25, 26, 41, 101, n. 4, 180, n. 1, 222, n. 8, 229, 268, 273, 274, 288, n. 2, 290, n. 5, 808, n. 2, 304, n. 8, 388, d. 1, 894, n. 3, 418.

Sena, wife of Indra, 125, 219.

Senses (indriya), 486, 518, 537, 553, 554, 556, 557, 559, 560, 563, 564; and objects, 557, 558.

Sensual elements in religion, see Phallic

worship and Sexual intercourse. Sensus communis, 563.

Serpent of the deep, Ahi Budhnya, 136, 137. Serpents, theriomorphic forms of deities, 62, 126, 127, 136, 139, 234, and see Snakes. Servants, see Slave and Śūdra. Sesame, offered, 359.

Seven, number, 41, 79, 103, 105, 154, 162,

334, 335.

Seven day week, 103.

Seven Hotrs, 201.

Seven mothers of Skanda, 149.

Seven rivers, 174.

Seven Seers (Rksas orṚsis), 201, 226,294,416. Seven steps, as bond of union, 98, 375. Seven worlds, 503.

Sex, assimilation of, in case of victim, 280. Sex of future child, how foreseen, 891. Sexagesimal reckoning, 80.

Sexual intercourse, in horse sacrifice, 845;

in Mahāvrata, 351; taboos of, 300, 307. Sexual union, Pravargya as allegory of, 333. Shadow of man, 404, 521; used in magic,

Shaking, as a magic device, 384, 385.

Shape of the various altar fires, 816. Sharp-horned bull, Soma as a, 168.

Shaving, as a ceremonial rite, 305; of beard,

Sheep, 254, 279, 324.

Shooting stars, 416, n. 7. Shutting of eyes, 807.

Sickle, heated to drive off demons, 383. Siddhas, offerings to the, 213. Sight (caksus), 453, 484, 558, 554. Silence, of Brahman priest, 297; taboo of, 300, 306, 807, 808; vow of (cf. Arseniew, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii 267 ff.), 608.

General Index

Silent death of the victim, 280, 281, 325. Silver, 28.

Similes, in the Upanisads, 500. Sin, 95, 215, 245-9, 264-8, 810-12, 822, 477, 527, 575, 576, 585, 586; caused by the Fathers or the gods, 477; divine responsibility for human, 527, 586; ritual error as (cf. Latte, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xx. 250 ff., 209, 285), 478. Sin, Semitic deity, 100, n. 5, 222, n. 8. Sindhu, river, 174, 175.

Sinivāli, goddess, 199, 201, 355. Sinking of earth in ocean, 622. SIra, as deity, 188.

Sisara, demon, 241.

Sisyphos, alleged Vedic parallel to legend of,

116, n. 1.

Sita, deity, 64, 186, 212, 214, 365, 366. Sitā Sāvitri, 128.

Six-eyed, NaraŚansa as, 165.

Skambha, support as cosmic principle, 405,

n. 3, 445, 452.

Skambha hymn of the Atharvaveda, 538. Skanda, god, 140, 150, n. 2, 242; see also

Sanatkumāra.

Skin (tvac), as organ of touch, 554, 550, 557. Skins, in ritual, 67, 197, 266-8, 375. Skull, 150, 266, 267.

Sky, 3, 34, 57, 61, 77, 78, 80, 82, 95, 132,

486; see also Dyaus and Heaven. Slave, mode to prevent running away, 389;

see also Śūdra.

Slavonic religion, 37, 40, 121, n. 1, 140, n. 6,

623, 627.

Sleep, 245, 240, n. 3, 470, 475; as an evil,

212; rite to induce, 388.

Sleeping on ground, in ritual, 308, 420. Sleeplessness, banished to Trita Aptya, 385. Sloth, 471, 475, n. 3. Smadibha, a warrior, 228.

Smell (ghrāṇa, gandha), 553, 554, 556. Smelling, or snuffing, as mode of appro-

priating essence of sacrifice, 272. Smoke, as means of purification, 383. Smoking, of young child, 367, 368. Smrti, offerings to, 213.

Snakes (cf. v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, pp. 75 f.), as divine, 24, 63, 193, 194, 213, 862, 368, 364, 382, 445, 631; Rakṣascs as, 145; see also Serpents.

Snataka, religious student, 270.

Sobharis, shooting of arrows against the

Maruts’ car, 851, n. Sokrates, Greek philosopher (469–899 B.C.),

586, 613.

667

Sol Indiges, early Roman sun worship,

626, n. 5.

Solid food, ceremony of feeding (anna-

praŚana) child with, 809.

Soma, drink, 87, 91, 92, n. 5, 106, 109, 113,

114, 121, 124, 133, 134, 139, 143, 151, 154, 166-8, 176, 184, 197, 205, 228, 285, 623, 624.

Soma, god, 60, 62, 79, n. 6, 81, 82, 84, n. 4, 93, 97, 104, 106, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 184, 140, 141, 142, 158, 179, 181, 182, 188, 198, 207, 208, 218, 222, 225, 227, 255, 260, 272, 273, 274, 319, 320, 821, 824, 853, 360, 377, 396, 409, 429, 430, 431, 456, 458, 460, 466, 481.

Soma Pavamana, 2, 296, 297.

Soma plant, 283, 284.

Soma sacrifice, 13, 34, 93, 109, 124, 254, 255, 265, 270, 271, 274, 275, 283, 287-9, 826- 32, 343, 390, 397, 385.

Son, sacrificing, for father, 283; secures

essence of father on death, 580; successor to name and being of grandfather, 686. Sondergötter, 38, n. 8, 44, 45, 55, 57, 64, 65,

150, 186, 203, n. 1, 212, 215. Sophists, 613.

Sorcerers, power to sec, 392.

Soul, 522-70, and see ātman and purusa. Soul-birds, 415.

Souls of dead, as Rakṣases, 146, 147; places of the, 403-15; transmutation of the, 415, 416, 028, n. 1. Sound (Śabda), 554, 556.

Sounding holes (uparavas), 328.

South, and Fathers, 411; and Yama, 148. South-east, world of Fathers, 411. Sowing of the crop, Araḍa worshipped at the,

Space (ākāŚa, diŚ), 488, 485, 522, 525, n. 6,

544, 561, 562, 594.

Spartan initiatory ritual, 377, 378. Special deities, 208, n. 1.

Speech, Vac, 161, 162, 163, 168, 173, 174,

453, 455, 456, 407, 472, 484, 486, 517, 518; used in magic, 390.

Spells, 2, 14, 18, 65; related to prayers, 309;

sacrifice as a, 260-4.

Speusippos, Greek philosopher, nephew of

Plato, 635.

Sphatiṁkāri (?), offerings to, 214. Spider, 523.

Spinoza, B., Jewish philosopher (A.D. 1682-

77), 580, 637.

Spirit, and body, 403; see Soul; of barley,

alleged representation of, 321, n. 4.

668

Spiritism, 42, n. 8.

General Index

Spirits, or demons, Wundt’s classification

of, 44.

Spirits, of the dead and demons, 286, 237,

288, 239.

Spirit-worship, as source of religion (cf. H. Naumann, Primitive Gemeinschaftskultur, 1921; Weinreich, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 321 ff.), 42–5. Spiritual man, as psychopomp, 575. Spit ox, offering, see fūlagava. Spring festival, in month Caitra, 361, 362. Sprinkling, 270; of sacrificer at Vājapeya,

Srbinda, possibly Iranian name, 7, 286. Srma, Asura, 282.

Srñjaya, possibly Iranian name, 7. Sraośa’s palace, 622, n. 1.

Staff, use of, in magic rites, 884. Stag form of Prajapati, 208.

Stammering speech, of consecrated persons,

800, 802, 308.

Stars, as souls of the dead, 201, 416, 628, n. 1; worlds of the, 520, n. 7, 528; see also Great Bear, Morning and evening star, Nakṣatras, Planets.

Stcherbatsky, Th., views on Buddhism, 546,

547, 548.

Steeds, of Agni, 154; of the gods, 87.

Steps, of Visnu, 108, 109, 854; seven, as

bond of union, 98, 875.

Stoic philosophy, 610, n. 1.

Stone, buried at house building, 368; use in ritual as symbolic of firmness, 386; used to separate dead and living, 888. Stone building, not practised in Vedic

India, 10; theory of heaven as a, 621-3. Stories, as part of ritual, 306.

Straining of Soma, 167.

Stream, as divine, 126, 127, 172-4.

Stream, transfer of, from one bed to another,

Strew (barhis), 34, 286, 287.

Strophic composition, in the Rigveda, 16. Studentship, 869-78, 587, 588. Study, modes of, 370, 871. Styx, oath by, 104.

Subala Upanisad, 501.

Subandhu, loss of his soul, 404, n. 5. Subject and object, 525, 598. Subrahmanya, priest, 298, 299, 827. Subrahmanya, formula, 125, 181, n. 4,

Substitution, of victim for self in sacrifice,

268, 272

Subtle elements, 587, 554, 579.

Sudās, King, protégé of Indra, 91, 181, 228. Suicide, 803, 459.

Sumerians, 407, n. 4; relation to Dravidians,

10, 628, n. 5, 6830.

Sumitra, disguise of Indra, 125.

Summer solstice, 851; as beginning of the

Vedic year, 4, n. 6.

Sun, 88, 60, 67, 88, 92, 156, 168, 179, 181, 190, 198, 203, 206, 447, 448, 486, 517, 518, 520, n. 7, 528, 624, 626.

Sun boat, 128.

Sun spells, 309, 888, 385, n. 1, 840, 346, 851. Sūnṛtā, deity, 211.

Suovetaurilia, in Roman sacrifice, 279, n. 5. Sūparakroḍin, spirit, 242.

Superhuman man, as psychopomp, 576. Superior deity, belief in as source of religion,

45, 46; see also Monotheism. Suplan Sarñjaya, sacrificer, 820, n. 1. Surias, Kassite god, 618, n. 2.

Sūrya, sun god, 89, 60, 65, 86, 88, 92, 95, 99, 104, 105, 109, 114, 120, 126, 127, 156, 189, 213, 243, 323, 324, 359, 362, 376, 428, 451. Sūrya, daughter of the sun, dawn, 93, 107,

115, 119, 120, 170.

Sūryācandramasā, sun and moon, 122. Sūryāmāsā, sun and moon, 122.

SuŚravas, Purohita of Kutsa, 125, n. 7, 131,

Sūṣan, invented on analogy of Pusan, 400. Suspension of offering on trees, 55, 56, n. 3, 149, n. 5, 155, 156, n. 3, 287, 822, 361, 365, 385.

Sūtras, 222, 242, 252, 250, 266. Suyajña, author of the Śañkhāyana Sutra,

28, n. 3.

Svarbhānu, demon of eclipse, 227, 231, 235. Svatavas, class of Maruts, 215. Svātikāri, offerings to, 214.

Swan maidens, 40, 151.

Swans, as steeds of the AŚvins, 114. Swinging, in ritual, 123, 351.

Symbolic gods, 208, n. 1.

Sympathy, 480.

Symposion, of Plato, myth of birth (U. v.

Wilamowitz-Moellendorff,

866 ff.), 618.

Syncretism of deities, 87, 88.

Platon’, i.

Taboos, 188, 197, 267, n. 2, 804-10, 817, 819, 327, 888, 889, 849, 355, 878, 877, 886, 420. Tacitus, on Teutonic religion, 627, 628. Tadeva section of Vājasaneyi Samhitā, 452,

General Index

Tail of victim, offered, 326. Tailinga, country, 682. Taittiriya Aranyaka, 112, 140, 144, 241, 856,

409, 436, 482, 496, 498, 499, 508. Taittiriya Brāhmaṇa, 17, 187, 186, 209, 847,

440, 448, 450, 452, 499, 502, 588. Taittiriya Samhita, 17, 110, 111, 160, 184, 208, 216, 222, 3803, 810, 387, 414, 443, 467, 488, 561, 590, 618.

Taittiriya Upanisad, 492, 498, 510, 513, 515,

521, 525, 526, 555, 561, 585. Takman, fever, 240, 881, 382. Taksa, snake deity, 361.

Takṣaka, snake, 194, 214, 400. Tamrålipti, 683.

Tanaros, Gallie god, 37, n. 8. Tantalos, in Greek, myth, 80. Tantras, 476, n. 1, 598. Tanûnapāt, god, 138, 165, 166, 313, 320, 349. Tarksya, sun-bird or sun-horse, 190, 381;

VaipaŚyata, bird king, 198.

Tasmanian tribes, disposal of dead among,

Taste (jihvā), of flavours (rasa), 552, 554,

556, 557.

Teacher (guru), and student, 369-73. Teaching, 588, 589.

Tearing of bodies of dead by birds or beasts,

Tell-el-Amarna letters, 5, 83.

Temples (for Greece cf. CAH. ii. 625 f.),

258, n. 2.

Ten, as sacred number, 82, 420. Ten kings, battle of, 181.

Ten-month year of gestation, 467, n. 1. Terremare people, various theories as to,

Terror as religious motive, 194.

Teutonic religion, 35, 121, 627, 628, and see

Germanic religion.

Tevijja Sutta, 502.

Thales, Greek philosopher (6th cent. B. C.), doctrine of origin of world from water, 603, 610, n. 8.

Thank-offering, 259, 200.

That thou art’ as description of the

absolute, 506, 524.

Theaitetos, Greek Mathematician (4th cent.

B. C.), 685.

Theft of fire, 162, n. 1.

Theism, 510, 511, 512, 527, 528, 546, 595. Theodoric of Verona, 618, n. 9. Theory of sacrifice in the Brāhmaṇas, 454-

Theravadin, school of Buddhism, 565.

669

Theriomorphic ghouls of the dead, 238, 407. Theriomorphism, 47, 61-3, 70, 74, 75, 95, 105, 114, 188, 184, 151, 168, 189-95, 197, 208, 216, 274.

Thetis, nymph, 188.

Thieves, Rudra as patron god of, 150; dis-

approved, 585; ordeal to test, 893. Thing-in-itself, 509, 598.

Thirst, transferred by magic rite, 885. Thirteen, as sacred number, 834. Thirty-three, 82, 86. Thirty-three gods, 35.

Thorr, Teutonic god, 37, 124. Thought, see Consciousness.

Thought and being, in Parmenides, 686, 637. Thought in moment of death, as determin-

ing rebirth, 581.

Thousand spies of Varuṇa (for number, cf. Jacoby, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, xxii. 262 ff.), 247, 381.

Thrace, as source of transmigration doctrine,

606, 607, 632; deity, Darzales, 620. Thraĕtaona, Iranian hero, 127, 134. Three, sacred number, 41, 82, 110, 114, 149,

n. 2, 156, 167, 168, 265, 288, 420. Three abodes of Soma, 168.

Three backs of Soma, 168.

Three births of Agni, 156, 157.

Three brothers of Agni, legend of, 157, 158. Three fires, 287-9.

Three forms of Agni, 157, Three-headed, NaraŚañsa as, 165. Three-headed serpent, 127.

Three heads of ViŚvarupa, legend of the,

Three mothers of Śiva, 149.

Three nights, marriage not consummated for, 876; obscuration of the moon by the sun, 181.

Three Soma lakes, of Indra, 168. Three steps of Visṇu, imitated by sacrificer,

Three-wheeled chariot, of the AŚvins, 114. Threshing-floor sacrifice, AŚã worshipped

at, 186.

Threshold, not trodden on by bride, 875;

offerings to Puṣan on, 107.

Thrita, in Iran, 84, 118, 184, 171. Throwing away in water, of garments, the,

889, 890.

Throwing up in the air, 287, 322.

Throwing water over an object, 287, 889. Thrush, transfer of jaundice to a, 386. Thugs, patronized by Durgā, 150, n. 1. Thumb, peculiar use of, 111, n. 1.

670

Thumb size of the mind, 404.

General Index

Thunder, 168, 190; moral lessons in voice

of, 585.

Thunderbolt, 124.

Tiamat, Babylonian deity, 81, n. 2.

Tibetan origin of Buddhism, alleged, 86. Tides, influence of the moon on the, 122. Tiger-king, alleged offering to, 195. Tiger skin, 841, 353.

Tilinga, country, 632.

Tilphossian Erinys, legend of, 38.

Time, 443, 453, 466, n. 2, 483, 485, 522, 544, 549, 550, 551, 560, 561, 594, 618, n. 2; see also Kāla. Tir Yaśt, 8.

Tirindira, possibly Iranian name (=Tira and Indra, of whom Tira is an epithet, A. Götze, KZ. li. 152 f.), 7.

Tiśtrya (Tisya, Seirios; Götze, KZ. li.

146-51, from tvis), 623.

Tisya, 146, 163.

Tithi, lunar day of birth, offered to, 201, n. 3. Tocharians,Indo-Europeans (possibly Celtic, CAH. ii. 35 f.), of centum speech, 634, n. 2. Todas, worship of cattle bells and milk pails, 269, n. 5; suggested Mesopotamian origin of, 634.

Toddy, art of making, introduced from

Mesopotamia, 624.

Tongue (jihvā), 554, 556, 557. Tongues of fire, seven, 154.

Tonsure (cuḍākarman), of child, 369. Torch, as sun symbol, 07.

Tortoise, cosmic, and divine, 81, n. 8, 112,

192, 193, 196, 208, 242, 355.

Tortures of hell, 410.

Tosala, country, 682.

Tosali, perhaps Dhauli, 632.

Totemism, 46, 47, 49, 54, n. 1, 74, n. 5, 195-7, 267, n. 2, 269, 276, 283, 284, 318, 342, n. 3, 346, n. 4, 365, 378, n. 8, 633.

Touch (sparŚa), 558, 554, 556, 557, 563. Touching, in magic, 386; oneself in the

oath, 395.

Towns, not Rigvedic, 8, 10.

Tṛkṣi Trāsadasyava, a prince, 190, 191. Tṛṣṭa, demon, 462.

Trta, form of Trita, 400.

Tracks, obliterated to deceive spirit of the

dead, 418.

Traitana (RV. i. 158. 5), 135, n. 5. Traiyambaka offering, 56, n. 3, 149. Trance, 497, 516, n. 9; as source of belief in

spirits of the dead, 75.

Tranquillity, 585.

Transfer of deeds, 409.

Transfer of evil, 385, 886.

Transformation of gods (cf. v. Negelein,

Weltanschauung, pp. 67 ff.), 241, 242. Transmigration, 54, 180, 498, 514, 535, 570-

81, 592, 594, 606, 609, 632, 686. Transubstantiation, 326, n. 2: Trasadasyu, King, 90, 158, 226. Trātṛ, protector god, 65, 206. Trayamāṇā, deity, 400, n. 5. TrayastrinŚa Stoma, 319, 350, 351. Treaty, Mitra in connexion with (v. Negelein, Weltanschauung, pp. 170 ff.), 108. Tree marriage, post-Vedic, 184. Trees, 64, 74, 182, 184, 185, 218, 376,

sap in, 523; transmigration of, 526. Tretā age, 82.

Triad of gods, 156, 222, n. 8.

Triad of obligations of mun, 480.

681;

Tribal preferences in the Rigvedic worship,

91, 92.

Triglypton, country, 632.

Trikakubh, salve from mount, 187. Trilinga, country, 632. Tripolye culture, 629.

TriŚoka, ordeal of, 393.

Trisandhi, demon, 400.

Trita, ancient deity, 34, 113, 120, 127,

135, 151, 171, 245, 389, 400.

Triton, Greck deity, 134.

Trittya, in Greek sacrifice, 279, n. 5. Trivṛt Stoma, 319, 350, 351.

134,

Truth (satya), 456, 471, 473, 479, 480. Tryambaka, epithet of Rudra, 143, 149, 822, Tryaruna, Ikṣvāku King, 239. Tugra, warrior, 228.

Tuisto, Teutonic deity, 620.

Tura Kāvaṣeya, as an authority on the fire

cult, 354.

Tūrvayāṇa, protégé of Indra, 129, 228. TurvaŚa, King, aided by Indra, 131. TurvaŚas, peoplc, 9, 634, n. 2.

Tvastr, god, 65, 87, 106, 112, 115, 122, 189, 162, 165, 176, 177, 178, 198, 204-6, 207, 219, 220, 235, 320, 834, 470.

Tveggi, Teutonic deity, 620. Twelve days, at end of year, 177, 178. Twelve gods, in Greece, 35. Twelve nights, period of, 116, n. 2. Twenty-five principles of Samkhya, 543, 605. Twenty-six principles of Yoga, 543. Twilights (sandhye), offerings to the, 218;

possible explanation of the AŚvins, 118. Twins, uncanny powers of, 118, n. 11. Two births of Agni, 157.Two births of Soma, 169.

Two divine Hotṛs, 226.

General Index

UccaiŚŚravas Kaupayeya, sage, 414. Ucchista, remnant of oblation deified, 24,

Uda, variant of Udra, 682.

Udagrabha, priest, 258.

UdalākāŚyapa, offerings to, 214, 426. Udañkya, a spirit, 214.

UdaraŚãṇḍilya, sage, 493.

Uddālaki, student of philosophy, 493, 517. Udgātṛ, priest, 16, n. 3, 165, n. 7, 253, 297,

314, 880, 385, 336, 338.

Udra, Orissa, 632.

Ugnis Szventà, Lithuanian fire deity, 37,

161, n. 6.

Ugra, name of Rudra, 144.

Ugrajit, Apsaras, 184.

UgraṁpaŚya, Apsaras, 184.

Uhsing, Lettish deity, 121. Ulukhala, demon, 240.

Uma, goddess, 218, n. 4; Haimavati, 144,

109, 200.

Unda, variant of Uḍra, 632.

Unity, of the gods, 88; of the universe,

507, 508.

Universe and absolute, 522-8.

Unnetṛ, priest, 298, 328, 330, 349.

Unreality of the world, see māyā.

Untruth (anṛta), 479, 480, 485. Upagātṛ, priest, 314.

Upagu SauŚravasa, story of, 292, n. 2, 458. Upakosala, student, 588.

Upamā, wife of Ksatra, Indra appears to,

125, n. 13.

Upanisads, philosophy of the, Chap. 29; referred to, 17, 20, 21, 22, 26, 54, 403, 404, 405, 441, 442, 448, 447, 448, 470, 480; alleged Dravidian origin of name, 632. UpaŚruti, demon, 240.

Upatakṣa, snake deity, 361.

Upavaktṛ, priest, 253.

Upavira, demon, 240.

Urana (perhaps a double of Vṛtra, from vṛ),

180, 198, 235.

UraspeŚa, demon, 240, n. 6.

Urine, used in Magic, 883, 389. Urṇayu, Gandharva, 180.

Uruvanassil, Mitanni form of Varuna’s

name, 617.

Urvarā, deity of the ploughed field, 64, 88,

186, 137, 866.

Urvarapati, Indra as, 186.

UrvaŚi, bride of Purūravas, 182, 188, 200.

UŚanas, 457, and see Kāvya.

UŚij, family, 282.

UŚinaras, people, 496.

671

Usas, Dawn, 38, 50, 87, 98, 95, 105, 114, n. 8,

115, 119, 122, 208, 214, 218, 243.

Utkala, Orissa, 032.

Uttanapad, cosmic power, 81, n. 8, 401. Uttaranārāyaṇa section of Vājasaneyi

Samhita, 452.

Uttuda, Sondergott, 64.

Vac, deity, 29, n. 3, 80, 199, 227, 349, 488,

444, 470, 471, 610.

Vacaspati, god of speech, 163. VadhryaŚva, Agni of, 158. Vadhula Sutra, 28, n. 4.

Vahagn, Armenian deity, 33.

Vaikhanasa Dharmasūtra, 588. Vaikhanasa Sutra, 28, n. 4.

Vairāja Saman, 350.

Vairupa Saman, 350.

VaiŚāleya, a spirit, 214.

VaiŚesika, philosophical system, 545, 548,

. 6, 559, n. 9.

n.

VaiŚravana, Kubera, 10, n. 3, 242, 374. VaiŚvadeva Śastra, 98, 220, 255, 815, 331. VaiŚyas, third class of Vedic society, 292, 816, 317, 326, 339, 341, 368, 369, 370, 873, 375, 395, 481, 576.

Vaitāna Sutra, 29, 345.

Vaitarani, and dead, 153, n. 5, 347, 412. Vaivasvata, epithet of Manu, 112. Vāja, Ṛbhu, 176.

VājaŚravasa, father of Naciketas, 440. Vājasaneyi Samhita, 17, 19, 144, 347, 452,

400, 499, 501.

Vajjis, people, 36.

Vala, demon, 128, 134, 163, 223, 285, 621,

Valakhilya hymn, mode of reciting, 316, 881. Vāmadeva, Vāmadevas, 1, 227, 571, 584,

609, n. 2.

Vamadevya Saman, 385.

Vanaspati, lord of the forest, trec, 184. Vandana, rescued by the AŚvins, 116. Vanga, place, 682.

Vara, in Vendidad, 621, 622.

Varaghna, bird form of Verethraghna, 68,

133, n. 6.

Vārāha Sutra, 28, n. 4.

Varcin, Asura, 131, 231, 236.

Varuna, god, 25, 83, 84, 88, 57, 60, 71, 88, 86, n. 3, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96-104, 105, 112, n. 3, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 188, 141, 142, 147, n. 3, 157, 161, 167, 169, 177,

672

General Index

182, 189, 199, 200, 215, 217, 226, 288, 244, 246-9, 257, 268, 264, 265, 267, 280, 282, 296, 804, 311, 822, 328, 829, 831, 834, 346, 847, 858, 855, 860, 368, 364, 874, 876, 380, 898, 895, 407, 418, 438, 434, 435, 408, 469, 478, 474, 475, 478, 480, 481, 588, 584, 617, 620, 622.

Varunani, wife of Varuna, 218.

Varutri, demon, 462.

Varútri, protector deities, 206, VaŚã, cow as cosmic power, 444. VaŚas, people, 496.

VāŚini, deity, 218.

Vaṣkali, on the nature of the Brahman, 522. Vasistha, Vasisthas, 1, 83, 91, 92, 131, 152, 181, 182, 227, 228, 251, 261, 291, 292, 293, 353, 854, 426, 482, 570.

Vasistha Dharma Sutra, 29.

Vastospati, god, 63, 64, 188, 287, 317, 363. Vasubandhu, Buddhist philosopher, 504,

547, n. 1, 548.

Vasuki, snake deity, 361.

Vasus, Agni’s associates, 86, 91, 215, 222,

228, 458.

Vata, wind god, 86, 92, 114, 189, 140, 402. Vatsa, ordeal of, 393.

Vatsapri Bhalandana, sage, 402. Vatsas, people, 196.

Vayu, Iranian demon, 34.

Vayu, wind god, 81, 86, 92, 93, 122, 124, 126,

139, 140, 144, n. 13, 151, 156, 167, 168, 218, 323, 331, 339, 302, 376, 402, 458, 170, 527, 561, 577, 581.

Vedas, 207, 514, 515; offerings to the, 213. Vedāngas, 503, n. 4.

Vedanta, meaning of term, 514; philosophy of the, 503, 507, 533, 585, 545, 551, 552, 558, 558, 565, n. 2, 576, 584, 612, 637. Veddahs, of Ceylon, 11, 634.

Vegetation, influence of moon on, 122. Vegetation spirit, 44, 148, 149, n. 5, 186, 197,

n. 4.

Veins, 566, 569, 587, 501. Vendidad, 621.

Verethraghna, Iranian genius of victory, 33,

63, 68, 133, 171, 198, 235, n. 1. Vergilian tradition, 619, n. Vesta, 87, 151, n. 1, 161. Vestal Virgins, 258.

Vetasus, defeated by Indra, 228. Vibhinduka, Asura, 234.

Vibhu, class of the Rbhus, 176. Vibhvan, Rbhu, 176. Vices, see Sin.

Vidathin, father of ṚjiŚvan, 130.

Videgha Mathava, and Aryan fire cult, 88,158. Videha, country, 28, 496.

Vidhatṛ, an abstract deity, 205, 206, 860. VighneŚa, deity, 242.

Vijara, stream, 407, n. 7. Vijñānavāda, Vijñānavādin,

school, 512, 558, 559. VikeŚa, demon, 240, n. 6. Vilistcnga, Dānavi, 125.

Vimada, aided by the AŚvins, 116. Vimukha, spirit, 242.

Vinayaka, Vinayakas, spirits, 242. Vindhya, mountains, 496.

Buddhist

Vindhyavāsa (see Keith, BSOS. iv. 554), 504. Vindhyakavāsa, 544, n. 5.

VipaŚ, as a deity, 172.

Viraj, 62, n. 1, 486, 620, n. 1; as dawn,

121, n. 5.

Virginity, danger of interference with, 376. Virocana, a demon, 506, 517. Virtues, 480, 585, 586.

Virūpākṣa, deity, 213, 242.

Virūpas, a subdivision of the Añgirases, 224. ViŚirṣni, demoness, 241.

ViŚpalā, given an iron limb by the AŚvins,

ViŚvajit, deity, 400, n. 5.

Vicvaka, aided by the AŚvins, 116. ViŚvakarman, creator god, 193, 206, 207, 265, 437, 438, 444, 450, 487, n. 7, 610. ViŚvakarman Bhauvana, gives earth to

KaŚyapa, 622.

ViŚvamitra, ViŚvamitras, seer and family, 1, 91, 182, 184, n. 12, 227, 288, 291, 292, 496, n. 4. ViŚvarupa, demon son of Tvastṛ, 122, 127,

128, 188, 134, 165, 205, 285, 461, 470. ViŚvasṛj, all-creator gods, 207. ViŚvāvasu, Gandharva, 67, 179, 180, 181,376. ViŚve Devās, All-gods, 75, 214. Viṣad, Asura, 284.

Viṣṇāpū, found by the AŚvins, 116.

Viṣṇu, god, 24, 30, 46, 57, 62, n. 4, 80, 88, 92, 93, 98, 104, 106, 108-12, 128, 126, 127, 181, 142, 143, 187, n. 4, 192, 197, 199, 204, 208, 218, 215, 221, 229, 250, 291, 292, 298, 820, 324, 342, 854, 360, 362, 426, 456, 458, 461, 473, 512, 525, 589, 570, 628. Viśtāspa, Iranian King, 615. Vital airs, see Breaths.

Vivanhvant, Iranian deity, 84, 113, 171. Vivasvant, perhaps the sun, 84, 82, 83, 99, 112, 118, 120, 188, 159, 171, 198, 203, 215, 229, 254, 621.

Volition, 478, and see Will.

•

General Index

Voluntary death by fire, as explanation of

the Dikṣā, 302.

Vourukaśa, ocean in Iranian view, 135, 623. Vows, 260, n. 5; of student, 308, 304, 371. Vṛṣākapi, obscure figure in myth, 66, 133,

192, 214.

VṛṣaṇaŚva, Indra hailed as Mena of, 125. Vṛtra, demon, 62, 68, 72, 88, 91, 93, 104, 114, 124, 131, 133, 134, 136, 142, 151, 161, 163, 168, 192, 195, n. 2, 205, 210, 220, 234, 235, 266, n. 7, 464, 468, 477.

Vṛtrahan, epithet of Indra (Magoun (Studies in honor of Bloomfield, pp. 197-210), makes it apply primarily to Agni, but unconvincingly), 33, 133.

Vratya, Vratyas, 24, 147, 148, 209, 337, 338,

385, 402, 471.

Vratya Stomas, 209, 337, 338, 369, 496, n. 7. Vultures, as birds of omen, 193; demons as,

VyanŚa, demon, 130.

Vyasa, Yogabhāṣya, 537, 548.

Waking reality, compared with dreams, 508,

558, 567-70.

War god, Agni as, 161; Bṛhaspati, 163. Warriors, 228.

War-spell, see Apvā.

Washing, as prophylactic means, 383;

taboo on, 305, 306.

Water, as an element, 471, 472, 517, 525;

as source of the universe, 603. Waters (āpaḥ), goddesses, 34, 38, 58, 60, 64, 82, 88, 97, 104, n. 1, 135, 136, 141, 142, 168, 175, 181, 182, 184, 213, 214, 227; and Agni, 155, 156; as barrier between dead and living, 422; in magic, 383, 389; oath by, 395.

Water offerings, to the dead, 427. Water ordeal, 393.

Water spirit, in Namuci legend, 131. Wax image, used in magic, 389. Way of salvation, 581-3.

Way of the Fathers, see pitṛyāṇa. Way of the gods, see devayāna. Weapons, as divine (ef. Ayudhapūjā, Thurston, Omens and Superstitions of Southern India, p. 174; Rose, JRS. iii. 235), 64, 66, 188; of Rudra, deposited on trees, 143.

Wedding hymn, 2, 170, 373-8.

Wedding party, trees asked to bless, 182. Wedding ritual, 330, 373-8, 390.

Weighing ordeal, for dead man, 393, n. 3,

Welfare, as deity, 213.

673

Well, student not to look at shadow in a,

Werwolves, 197, n. 1.

Wheel, as fetish, 67, 105; and sun, 340. White Yajurveda, 17; see also Śatapatha

Brāhmaṇa and Vajasaneyi Samhita. Wicked, fate of, 576.

Wieland, in Germanic mythology, 205, n. 8. Wife of dead in funeral ritual, 418, 410; of sacrificer, Yajamāna, 265, 266, 299, 319, 320, 330, 332, 339, 361.

Will, 245, 509, 527, 554, 555, 557, 574, 586. Will o’ the wisp, 238.

Wind, as deity, 38, 50, 138, 139, 140, 179,

181; as element, 517, 525, 561.

Wine, replaces mead in Greece, 284, 624. Wings of the mountains, cut off by Indra,

Winter, 127.

Winter solstice, 155, 160, 177, 191, n. 4. Wiping away of sin, 245.

Wiros, i.c. Indo-Europeans, 618, 619. Wisdom of Agni, 160, 161, 168. Wish cows, 349, n. 2, 407.

Wives of the gods, 218, 219, 296, 320. Wodan, German god, 620, and see Odin. Wolf, well known in the Rigveda, 23. Wolf of hell, 410, n. 2.

Wolves, Greek offerings to, 197. Women, 56, 471, 475, 480; as mourners, 418; in domestic ritual, 358, n. 3, 307; in Mahāvrata, 351; marriage, 373–8; not initiated, 378.

Woodpecker, connected with Mars, 626. Woods, eaten by Agni, 154; haunted by

Rudra, 145; ingredients in magic, 397, 398. Wooers, in marriage ritual, 374; of Agariste,

motif of legend of, alleged derivation from India, 601.

Wool, as cleansing material, 388. Word, see Logos, Speech, and Vāc. Work, 467, and see karman.

World egg, 436, 442, 525, 528. World of the ox, 477.

Worlds, 520, n. 7, 528. Worms propitiated, 194.

Worship of dead and sacrifice, 257, 425-32. Wrath, as characteristic of Rudra, 143; as a deity, 2, 203; of the Maruts, deprecated, 152; not to be shown, 585.

Xanthos of Lydia, 614.

Xenokrates, Greek philosopher (4th cent.

B. C.), 634.

23

[H.O.S. 32]

674

General Index

Xenophanes, Greek philosopher (6th cent.

B. C.), 602, 603, 635.

Xerxes, King (486-465 B. c.), of Persia, 614. Yadu, King, helped by Indra, 131. Yadus, people, 9, 634, n. 2.

Yaja, Sondergöttin, of sacrifice, 186, 212. Yajnavacas, wife of, 471, n. 3.

Yajnavalkya, a sage, 191, 310, 325, 354, 459, 488, 495, 498, 505, 506, 507, 510, 512, 513, 515, 517, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 529, 530, 536, 546, 551, 552, 573, 574, 579, 582, 587, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 598, 604. Yajñāvikṣepin, spirit, 242.

Yajñāyajñiya Saman, 830.

Yajurveda, 1, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 50, 79, 97, 109, 113, 134, 140, 142, 144, 145, 150, 159, 168, 170, 173, 182, 184, 211, 213, 215, 221, 231, 252, 253, 438, 491, 493, 519. Yajus, 16.

Yaksas, spirits, 73, 213, 242.

Yama, god, 34, 63, 71, 82, 84, 87, 88, 92, 93, 113, 122, 138, 148, 150, 179. 192, 193, 198, 205, 213, 229, 230, 247, 248, 280, 360, 363, 406, 409, 411, 418, 419, 431, 435, 440, 469, 619, n. 3, 621, 622. Yama-Rakṣasas, 73.

Yami, sister of Yama, 83, 84, 179, 198, 205,

236, 247, 248, 408.

Yaska, author of the Nirukta, 20, 86, 100,

107, 117, 127, 138, 139, 156, 164, 198, 229, 488, 633.

Yasna, 34.

Yatis, slain by Indra, 138, 226. Yava, barley, as spirit, 214. Yavakri, slain by a Gandharva and an Apsaras, 182, n. 9, 471, n. 8, 686, n. 2. Yavanāni, Greek writing, 20, n. 1. Yawning, risk of soul excaping in, 404. Year, 79; offerings to, 201. Yellow colour of demons, 287. Yggdrasill, fabulous ash, 172, n. 2. Yima, in Iran, 34, 113, 619. Yimak, in Iranian legend, 620. Ymir, sacrifice of, 619, 620.

Yoga, philosophy, 56, 81, n. 3, 148, n. 1, 492, n. 4, 505, 510, 535, 539, 541, 543, 544, 549, 555, 569, 589-91; alleged Dravidian origin of name, 632.

Yoga practices, 401, 402. Yoke, passing under, 420; see also Hole. YūpakeŚin, spirit, 242.

Zamolxis, of Thrace, 606.

Zaotar, Iranian equivalent of the Hotṛ, 34,

254, 294.

Zeus, 36, 45, 85, 95, 102, 117, n. 3, 119, n. 5,

300, 448; as Pater, 37.

Zeus Pramantheus, 289, n. 2. Ziu, Germanic god, 37, n. 2.

Zoroaster, 6, 7, 33, 90, 101, 117, 232, 468,

469, 614, 615, 616.

Zoroastrian period of Indian history,

alleged, 35, n. 4.

Zrvan, Iranian, 620.

Zulus, burn omentum, 281.

anŚu, cup, 628, 339. akhundakala,

time, 560.

impartite

akhala, epithet of Rudra, 144, n. 4; akhalā devatā, 145, 327, n. 6. agnicayana, 352, 354-6, 364,

397, 440, n. 1, 465-7, and see Piling of the fire. agnihotra, fire-offering, 161,

261, 289, 297, 317, 318, 319, 321, 323, 514, 580, 585, 588.

agnistoma, sacrifice, 155,

255,272,310, 313, 326-32. Agniṣomiya, victim, 324. agnyādhāna, agnyādheya,

297, 316, 317, and see Establishment of the fires. aghnya, applied to the cow,

anu, subtle, 547. at, move, 466. atigraha, objects of sense,

554, 556, 557. atigrahya, cup, 330. atirātra, sacrifice, 119, n. 1, 256, n. 3, 327, 335, 836, 348, 350, 351,

ἀτμός, ἀντμήν, 466. alyagnistoma, sacrifice, 335,

adabhya, cup, 328, 339. adri, pressing stone, 167. adhidevatam, adhidaivatam,

486, 559. adhyāṇḍā, plant, 376. adhyatmam,

psychologi-

cally, 486, 559.

an, breathe, 466.

anatta, doctrine of, 547. ananta, or ananda, of abso-

lute, 519.

anindrāḥ, people who do not

believe in Indra, 433. anucara, in Śastras, 315. anubandhya, cow, 384. anumāna, inference, 482.

23*