CONTENTS

The twenty-nine chapters of this work are numbered, for practical convenience, in one single arithmetical sequence. But they are grouped in five main divisions, or PARTS, as follows:

I. THE SOURCES (4 chapters, pages 1-57)

CHAP.

1-4

II. THE GODS AND DEMONS OF THE VEDA (12 chapters) III. VEDIC RITUAL (6 chapters, pages 252-402)

5-16

17-22

IV. THE SPIRITS OF THE DEAD (3 chapters, pages 408-482) 28-25

V. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE VEDA (4 chapters, pages

433-613)

26-29

I.-THE SOURCES

CHAP.

PAGE

  1. The Rigveda and the Aryans

1

  1. The later Samhitas and the Brāhmaṇas

16

  1. The later literature.

27

32

32

36

42

51

55

  1. The Avesta and Comparative Mythology

§ 1. The Avesta

§ 2. Comparative Mythology and Religion § 8. The origin of religion

§ 4. The mingling of races and cultures

§ 5. Popular and hieratic religion

II. THE GODS AND DEMONS OF THE VEDA

  1. The nature of the Gods and Demons .

§ 1. Nature Gods and abstract Deities

(a) Anthropomorphism .

(b) Theriomorphism and the worship of animals

(c) Animatism, Sondergötter, and Abstract Deities

§ 2. Fetishism

§ 3. Animism and the spirits of the dead

§ 4. The term Deva

58

58

58

61

68

66

71

75

Xiv

CHAP.

Contents of volume 31

  1. Vedic cosmology and cosmogony

7The interrelation of the Gods

  1. The Great Gods-Celestial

§ 1. Dyaus the Father

§ 2. Varuna, Mitra, and the Adityas

§ 8. Sūrya, Savitṛ, and Pūṣan

§ 4. Visṇu

§ 5. Vivasvant

§ 6. The Aśvins

§ 7. The Goddess Dawn

§ 8. The Moon

  1. The Great Gods-Aerial

§ 1. Indra

§ 2 Trita Aptya § 8 Apam Napāt § 4. Ahi Budhnya § 5. Aja Ekapad § 6. Mātariśvan. § 7. Vayu and Vāta

§ 8. Parjanya

§ 9. The Waters

§ 10 Rudra

§ 11.The Maruts or Rudras

  1. The Great Gods-Terrestrial

§ 1. Agni

§ 2. Bṛhaspati and other forms of Agni

§ 8. The God Soma

PAGE

ww

86

95

95

1

96

104

108

112

113

119

122

124

124

184

135

136

137

188

139

140

141

142

150

154

154

162

166

§ 4. The Rivers

172

§ 2. The Gandharvas and Apsarases

§ 5. The Earth

§ 6. The Sea

  1. The Minor Gods of Nature

§ 1The Rbhus and the Rtus

§ 3. Spirits of the Forest, the Trees, the Plants

§ 4. Spirits of Agriculture, Pasture, and the Mountains.

§ 5. Deities of the House

§ 6. Divine Implements

174

174

176

176

179

·

184

186

188

188

§ 7. Divine Animals

189

§ 8. Totemism

§ 9. The lesser Nature Goddesses.

195

197

§ 10. Constellations and Time Periods

200

CHAP.

Contents of volume 31

  1. Abstract Deities and Sondergötter

§ 1. The nature of Abstract Deities

§ 2. Tvaṣtṛ and other Agent Gods

§ 8. The Creator Gods

§ 4. ‘Subjective Deities

§ 5. Deified states or conditions

§ 6. Aditi and Diti

§ 7. The wives of the Gods

  1. Groups of Deities

§ 1. Dual Divinities

§ 2. Groups of Gods

  1. Priests and Heroes

§ 1. The Priests of the fire-cult

§ 2. Other ancient Priests

§ 8. Warriors

§ 4. The First of Men

  1. The Demons

§ 1. The Enemies of the Gods

§ 2. The Enemies of Man

  1. The Gods and their worshippers

III. VEDIC RITUAL

XV

PAGE

208

208

204

206

210

·

211

215

218

220

220

221

228

228

·

226

228

228

281

·

231

286

248

  1. The ritual in the Rigveda

252

  1. The nature of the Vedic sacrifice

257

§ 1. The sacrifice as a gift

257

§ 2. The sacrifice as a spell

260

§ 3. The removal of sin by sacrifice and magic

264

§ 4. Communion and sacrament in the sacrifice § 5. The materials of the sacrifice § 6. Fire and the sacrifice

§ 7. The performers of the sacrifice

  1. Rites ancillary to the sacrifice

§ 1. The consecration

§ 2. The Avabhṛtha

§ 8. Taboos

§ 4. The forms of prayer

268

278

285

289

300

300

308

804

310xvi

Contents of volume 32

At this point occurs the break between Chapters 1-19 and Chapters 20-29

The latter group is bound up as volume 32

CHAP.

  1. The sacrifices of the Śrauta ritual

§ 1. General characteristics.

§ 2. Establishment and re-establishment of the fires. § 3. The Fire-god oblation or Agnihotra

  1. The new-moon and full-moon sacrifices

§ 5. The four-month or seasonal sacrifices

§ 6. First-fruit sacrifice (agrayana iṣṭi) and others § 7. The animal sacrifice

PAGE

313

818

316

318

a

819

821

·

828

324

·

§ 8. The Soma sacrifice

.. 326

§ 9. The Pravargya or hot-milk sacrifice

332

§ 10. The Aikadaśina animal offering

333

§ 11. Other forms of Jyotiṣṭoma

384

§ 12. Other Soma sacrifices of one day’s duration

336

§ 18. The Vajapeya or drink-of-strength

339

§ 14. The royal consecration

340

§ 15. The horse sacrifice

848

§ 16. The human sacrifice

847

§ 17. Other Ahina rites

348

§ 18. The Sattras or sacrificial sessions

349

§ 19. The Sautrāmaṇī

§ 20. The piling of the fire-altar

352

854

§ 21. The Hotr formulae

356

§ 22. Expiations .

356

  1. The domestic ritual.

358

§ 1. General character of the domestic sacrifices § 2. The various offerings

358

359

§ 3. Birth-ceremonies and others

366

§ 4. Studentship

369

§ 5. Marriage

  1. Magic in the ritual

878

379

§ 1. The relations of magic to religion

879

§ 5. Mimetic magic

§ 7. The magic spell

§ 8. The magic sacrifice

§ 2. The nature of Vedic magic

§ 8. The removal of hostile influences

§ 4. The attraction of beneficial substances and powers

§ 6. Divination and ordeal

380

382

386

388

890

398

896

§ 9. Yoga practices

401

Contents of volume 32

.xvii

IV. THE SPIRITS OF THE DEAD

CHAP.

  1. The abodes of the dead

§ 1. The nature of the dead

§ 2. The places of the dead

·

§ 3. The transmutation of the dead

  1. The disposal of the dead

  2. The cult of the dead

§ 1. The living and the dead

§ 2. The offerings to the dead in the domestic ritual § 3. The offerings to the dead in the Śrauta ritual.

PAGE

408

408

406

415

417

425

425

427

429

V. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE VEDA

  1. The beginnings of Vedic Philosophy

  2. The Theosophy of the Brāhmaṇas

§ 1. The general character of the Brāhmaṇa philosophy

§ 2. The highest principle of the universe

§ 3. The theory of the sacrifice

§ 4. The ethics of the Brāhmaṇas

§ 5. Modes of thought and categories

  1. The Philosophy of the Upanisads

§ 1. The origin of the Upanisads

§ 2. The extant Upaniṣads.

§ 3. The interpretation of the Upanisads

§ 4. The problem and conditions of knowledge

433

440

440

442

454

468

482

489

489

497

507

518

516

522

529

529

532

585

551

567

570

581

584

"

§ 13. The significance of the philosophy of the Upanisads

592

601

§ 5. The nature of the Absolute

§ 6. The Absolute and the Universe

§ 7. Maya and Prakṛti-Illusion and Nature

(a) Illusion

(b) Nature

(c) The origin of the Samkhya and Buddhism § 8. The Supreme and the Individual Souls

§ 9. The four states of the Soul

§ 10. The doctrine of transmigration

§ 11. The way of salvation

§ 12. The ethics of the Upanisads and Yoga

  1. Greece and the philosophy of India

xviii

Contents of Appendix

APPENDIX

A. The age of the Avesta and the Rigveda

B. The sacrifice of Puruṣa and the origin of the world

C. The Aryan conception of the heaven

D. The drink of immortality

E. The Indo-European fire-cult

PAGE

614

619

621

628

625

F. Cremation and burial

626

G. The Dravidian element in Indian thought

629

H. Pythagoras and Parmenides

634

GENERAL INDEX

689

SANSKRIT INDEX

675