०२० सुरक्षा

20. For protection by various gods.

सुरक्षा।
१-४ अथर्वा। बहुदैवत्यम्। १ त्रिष्टुप्, २ जगती, ३ पुरस्ताद्बृहती, ४ अनुष्टुगर्भा।

[Atharvan.—bahudevatyam. trāiṣṭubham: 2. jagatī; 3. purastādbṛhatī; 4. anuṣṭubh.]

Comment

⌊Not found in Pāipp.⌋ The comm. says, purely on his own authority, that with this hymn the purohita arms with a breastplate a king going to battle. ⌊For the reference to vs. 4 in Kāuś. 25. 36 note, see above, introd. to viii. 5.⌋

Translations

Translated: Griffith, ii. 279. ⌊In Anukr. we miss caturṛcam.⌋

A prayer for protection from death and misfortune

Translation

1. Have set down apart the human deadly weapon Indra-and-Agni, Dhātar,
   Savitar, Bṛihaspati, king Soma, Varuṇa, the Aśvins, Yama; let Pūshan
   protect us round about from death.

Notes

It is quite as likely that ‘Soma’ etc. in the second half-verse should
be viewed as coördinate with Pūshan. The translation omits yám in
a; it seems probable that a is deeply corrupt ⌊Caland, KZ.
xxxiv. 456, citing Avestan usage, takes pāúruṣeyaṁ vadháṁ yám as
accusative of the crystallized combination pāúruṣeyo vadhó yáḥ which
we had at i. 30. 1: see note to xii. 2. 19. But W’s suspicion is
weighty.⌋ All the mss. accent nyádhus (the pada-mss. having, against
all rule and practice, nyádhuḥ, instead of ni॰ádhuḥ or ní: adhuḥ),
and SPP. follows them (in p. also); our nyàdhus is an emendation,
apparently a necessary one—unless we can construe, with the comm.,
b-d as together constituting the apodosis: ‘what means of death for
men [our enemies] have fixed in secret—from [that] death let
Indra-and-Agni etc. etc. protect us.’ ⌊Griffith: ‘May Soma etc. guard us
from Mṛityu—death caused by men, which Indra etc. appointed.’⌋ The verse
is far too irregular (11 + 12: 12 + 9 = 44) to be called simply a
triṣṭubh.

May Soma, Varuna the King, both Asvins, Yama and Pushan guard us well from Mrityu– Death caused by men, which Indra-Agni, Dhatar, Brihaspati and Savitar appointed.

अप॑। न्यधुः॑। पौरु॑षेयम्। व॒धम्। यम्। इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्नी इति॑। धा॒ता। स॒वि॒ता। बृह॒स्पतिः॑। सोमः॑। राजा॑। वरु॑णः। अ॒श्विना॑। य॒मः। पू॒षा। अ॒स्मान्। परि॑। पा॒तु॒। मृ॒त्योः। २०.१।

• मन्त्रोक्ताः
• अथर्वा
• त्रिष्टुप्
• सुरक्षा सूक्त

रक्षा के प्रयत्न का उपदेश।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यम्) जिस (पौरुषेयम्) पुरुषों में विकार करनेवाले (वधम्) हथियार को (अप) छिपाकर (न्यधुः) उन [शत्रुओं] ने जमा रक्खा है, [उस] (मृत्योः) मृत्यु [मृत्यु के कारण] से (इन्द्राग्नी) बिजुली और अग्नि दोनों [के समान व्यापक और तेजस्वी], (धाता) धारण करनेवाला, (सविता) आगे चलानेवाला, (बृहस्पतिः) बड़ी विद्याओं का रक्षक, (सोमः) ऐश्वर्यवान्, (राजा) राजा [शासक] (वरुणः) श्रेष्ठ, (अश्विना) सूर्य और चन्द्रमा दोनों [के समान नियम पर चलनेवाला], (यमः) न्यायकारी (पूषा) पोषण करनेवाला [शूर पुरुष] (अस्मान्) हमें (परि) सब ओर से (पातु) बचावे ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यदि शत्रु, चोर, डाकू आदि छल-कपट से सुरंग आदि लगाकर प्रजा को दुःख देवें, शूर प्रतापी राजा उनको रोक कर प्रजा की रक्षा करे ॥१॥

टिप्पणी: १−(अप) अपगूढम्। अप्रकाशम् (न्यधुः) निहितवन्तः। नीचैः स्थापितवन्तः शत्रवः (पौरुषेयम्) पुरुषाद् वधविकारसमूहतेनकृतेषु। वा०पा०५।१।१०। पुरुष-ढञ्। पुरुषाणां विकर्तारं नाशकम् (वधम्) हननसाधनं शस्त्रास्त्रादिरूपम् (यम्) (इन्द्राग्नी) विद्युत्पावकाविव व्यापकस्तेजस्वी च (धाता) धारकः (सविता) प्रेरकः (बृहस्पतिः) बृहतीनां विद्यानां पालकः (सोमः) ऐश्वर्यवान् (राजा) शासकः (वरुणः) श्रेष्ठः (अश्विना) सूर्याचन्द्रमसाविव नियमवान् पुरुषः (यमः) न्यायकारी (पूषा) पोषकः (अस्मान्) प्रजागणान् (परि) सर्वतः (पातु) (रक्षतु) (मृत्योः) तस्माद् मरणकारणात् ॥

Translation

2. What [defenses] he who is lord of creation, Prajāpati, Mātariśvan,
   made for his creatures (prajā́), what ones the directions and the
   quarters put on (vas)—let those defenses (várman) be abundant
   (bahulá) for me.

Notes

The mss. accent vasaté ⌊except several that have vasate⌋; our
emendation to vasáte is unquestionably called for, even though there
are a few cases in RV. of such accent as vasaté ⌊Gram. § 613⌋. The
comm. etymologizes mātariśvan as antarikṣe śvasitī ‘ti. ⌊The
verse is properly 12 + 11: 11 + 11: for d has triṣṭubh cadence,
and there are three possibilities of excising a syllable from its prior
half.⌋

All that the World’s Lord made, all that for creatures Prajapati and Matarisvan fashioned, All things within the quarters and their spaces, let all these be my manifold defences.

यानि॑। च॒कार॑। भुव॑नस्य। यः। पतिः॑। प्र॒जाऽप॑तिः। मा॒त॒रिश्वा॑। प्र॒ऽजाभ्यः॑। प्र॒ऽदिशः॑। यानि॑। व॒स॒ते। दिशः॑। च॒ तानि॑। मे॒। वर्मा॑णि। ब॒हु॒लानि॑। स॒न्तु॒। २०.२।

• मन्त्रोक्ताः
• अथर्वा
• जगती
• सुरक्षा सूक्त

रक्षा के प्रयत्न का उपदेश।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (भुवनस्य) संसार का (यः) जो (पतिः) पति [परमात्मा] है, [उस] (प्रजापतिः) प्रज्ञापति, (मातरिश्वा) आकाश में व्यापक [परमात्मा] ने (प्रजाभ्यः) प्रजाओं के लिये (यानि) जिन [रक्षासाधनों] को (चकार) बनाया है। और (यानि) जो (प्रदिशः) दिशाओं (च) और (दिशः) मध्य दिशाओं को (वसते) ढकते हैं [रक्षित करते हैं], (तानि) वे (वर्माणि) कवच [रक्षासाधन] (मे) मेरे लिये (बहुलानि) बहुत से (सन्तु) होवें ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जगत्पालक परमेश्वर ने मनुष्य के लिये सब दिशाओं में रक्षा के साधन उपस्थित किये हैं, मनुष्य प्रयत्नपूर्वक उन्हें प्राप्त करके सुखी होवे ॥२॥

टिप्पणी: २−(यानि) वर्माणि। रक्षासाधनानि (चकार) रचितवान् (भुवनस्य) संसारस्य (यः) (पतिः) स्वामी (प्रजापतिः) प्रजापालकः (मातरिश्वा) टुओश्वि गतिवृद्ध्योः-कनिन्। मातरि आकाशे श्वयति व्याप्नोतीति परमात्मा (प्रज्ञाभ्यः) (प्रदिशः) प्राच्यादिदिशाः (यानि) वर्माणि (वसते) आच्छादयन्ति। रक्षन्ति (दिशः) मध्यवर्तिनीर्दिशाः (च) (तानि) (मे) मह्यम् (वर्माणि) कवचानि। रक्षासाधनानि (बहुलानि) प्रभूतानि (सन्तु) भवन्तु ॥

Translation

3. What [defense] those gods fastened on themselves, when fighting for
   overlordship, what defense Indra made for himself, let that protect us
   on all sides.

Notes

Pāda b is altogether corrupt; the translation implies the reading
ā́dhirājyāya yodhínaḥ, which differs a little from the emendation in
our text, but which the Pet. Lex. assumes under ādhirājya. The mss.
give (devā́) ’dhirājayódhehinaḥ, which the pada-text analyzes into
(deva:) ádhi॰rāja: yáḥ: dhehi: naḥ (SPP. reports his pada-mss. as
giving at the beginning devā, apparently by an oversight, as devā is
no form*). The comm. has (devāḥ) dyurājayo (implying p. dyu॰r-)
dehinaḥ, and this SPP. accepts, despite its unsatisfactory character;
the comm. explains dyurājayas as divi dyuloke rājamānās, which is
absurd, and adds that, since the wearing of armor implies a body
(deha), the gods were embodied (dehinas), which is silly. The
pada-mss. (and one of SPP’s saṁhitā-mss.) strangely read sarvátas
at the end instead of viśvátas; the comm. and both editions accept the
latter; ⌊and since W. notes nothing to the contrary, his D. presumably
has viśvátaḥ. The text, with b as translated, and with ca-kṛ-e
in c ⌊making 11 + 8: 8 + 8⌋, answers excellently to the definition
of the Anukr. *⌊W. means, I take it, no form which is usable in this
connection.⌋

That which the Gods bound on them when they battled for their royal sway. What Indra made his shield, may that protect us well on every side,

यत्। ते। त॒नूषु॑। अन॑ह्यन्त। दे॒वाः। द्युऽरा॑जयः। दे॒हिनः॑। इन्द्रः॑। यत्। च॒क्रे। वर्म॑। तत्। अ॒स्मान्। पा॒तु॒। वि॒श्वतः॑। २०.३।

• मन्त्रोक्ताः
• अथर्वा
• पुरस्ताद्बृहती
• सुरक्षा सूक्त

रक्षा के प्रयत्न का उपदेश।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - [हे मनुष्य !] (यत्) जिस [कवच] को (तनूषु) शरीरों पर (ते) उन (द्युराजयः) व्यवहारों में ऐश्वर्यवान्, (देहिनः) शरीरधारी (देवाः) विद्वानों ने (अनह्यन्त) बाँधा है। और (यत्) जिस (वर्म) कवच [रक्षासाधन] को (इन्द्रः) इन्द्र [परम ऐश्वर्यवान् जगदीश्वर] ने (चक्रे) बनाया है, (तत्) वह [कवच] (अस्मान्) हमें (विश्वतः) सब ओर से (पातु) बचावे ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जैसे विद्वान् लोगों ने परमेश्वरकृत नियमों को मानकर सबकी रक्षा की है, वैसे ही मनुष्यों को विद्वान् होकर परस्पर रक्षा करनी चाहिये ॥३॥

टिप्पणी: ३−(यत्) वर्म (ते) प्रसिद्धाः (तनूषु) शरीरेषु (अनह्यन्त) णह बन्धने-लङ्। धृतवन्तः (देवाः) विद्वांसः (द्युराजयः) दिवु व्यवहारे-क्विप्+राजृ दीप्तौ ऐश्वर्ये च-इन्। व्यवहारेषु समर्थाः (देहिनः) शरीरिणः (इन्द्रः) परमैश्वर्यवान् परमेश्वरः (यत्) (चक्रे) कृतवान् (वर्म) कवचम्। रक्षासाधनम् (तत्) (अस्मान्) उपासकान् (पातु) (विश्वतः) सर्वतः ॥

Translation

4. Defense for me may heaven-and-earth, defense may day, defense may the
   sun, defense for me may all the gods make; let not the affrontress (?
   pratīcikā́) reach me.

Notes

Some of the mss. leave pratīcikā accentless, and nearly all accent
krán; both editions have kran and -kā́. The comm. seems to read
agnis instead of áhas in b, and mo for mā́ in d. The
comm. paraphrases pratīcikā as śatrusenā ’jñātapratikūlāñcanā (ka
being added to pratīcī “ajñātārthe”); the ⌊minor⌋ Pet. Lex.
conjectures ‘discomfort’ (Ungemach); the translation above is of
course only tentative. To be compared with the verse is viii. 5. 18
above; found also in AśS. i. 2. 1, which has our a, b (but reading
agnis with our comm.), and, for third pāda, varma me santu
tirścikāḥ; and in Āp. xiv. 26. 1, with agnis in b, and, for c,
d, varma me brahmaṇaspatir mā mā prāpad ato bhayam.

⌊Here ends the second anuvāka, with 11 hymns and 72 verses. If we
counted hymn 16 as of 3 verses, there would be 73. Some mss. sum up the
verses as 72, and thus support the numeration of hymn 16 as given by
both editions (see p. 923).⌋

My shield is Heaven and Earth, my shield is the bright Day, my shield the Sun. The Visva Devas made my shield. Let not misfortune fall on me.

वर्म॑। मे॒। द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी इति॑। वर्म॑। अहः॑। वर्म॑। सूर्यः॑। वर्म॑। मे॒। विश्वे॑। दे॒वाः। क्र॒न्। मा। मा॒। प्र। आ॒प॒त्। प्र॒ती॒चि॒का। २०.४।

• मन्त्रोक्ताः
• अथर्वा
• अनुष्टुप्
• सुरक्षा सूक्त

रक्षा के प्रयत्न का उपदेश।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मे) मेरे लिये (द्यावापृथिवी) आकाश और भूमि ने (वर्म) कवच, (अहः) दिन ने (वर्म) कवच, (सूर्यः) सूर्य ने (वर्म) कवच, (विश्वे) सब (देवाः) उत्तम पदार्थों ने (वर्म) कवच (मे) मेरे लिये (क्रन्) किया है, (मा) मुझको (प्रतीचिका) उलटी चलनेवाली [विपत्ति] (मा प्र आपत्) कभी न प्राप्त हो ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य संसार के बीच सब पदार्थों से सर्वदा उपकार लेते हैं, वह सुखी रहते हैं ॥४॥

टिप्पणी: ४−(वर्म) कवचम् (मे) मह्यम् (द्यावापृथिवी) सूर्यभूमी (वर्म) (अहः) दिनम् (वर्म) (सूर्यः) भास्करः (वर्म) (मे) (विश्वे) सर्वे (देवाः) दिव्यपदार्थाः (क्रन्) छान्दसो लुङ्। अकार्षुः (मा) निषेधे (मा) माम् (प्र आपत्) अप्नोतेर्लुङ्। प्राप्नोत् (प्रतीचिका) प्रतीची-कन् स्वार्थे। केऽणः। पा०७।४।१३। इति ह्रस्वः। प्रतिकूलाञ्चना विपत्तिः ॥