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**Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 1: ****Ourvah - ****Sachelasya pituh snaanam jaate putre vidheeyate | **Jaata karma tathaa kuryaat shraadham abhyudayam cha yat || *Ourva *- When a person gets a child, (when a child is born), then he should take a bath with the cloth on. He has to do the jaata karma as ordained. And also has to do abhyudaya shraaddha, as told earlier. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 2: ****Yugmaan devaan cha pitryaan cha samyak savyakramaat dvijaan | **Poojayet bhojayet chaiva tanmanaa na anyamaanasah || In pairs, Gods, Brahmins, and pitrus, in the pradakshina krama, one has to worship; one has to offer food to Brahmins also, being dedicated and focussing on that. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **Yugmaan iti | Savyakramaat pradakshinakramaat | **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 3: ****Dadhi akshataih sabadaraih praangmuka udamgmukho api vaa | ****Devateerthena vai pindaan dadyaat kaayena vaa nrupa || **Either facing east or north, using curd, akshataa, and fruits, ( *yelachi *hannu in Kannada), he has to give *deva teertha *(with the front of the fingers), as per the rishis, he has to give. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **Dadhyakshataih iti | Kaayena praajaapatyena | **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 4: ****Naandeemukhah pitruganah tena shraaddhena paarthiva | ****Preeyate tat tu kartavyam purushaih sarva vruddhishu || **In all the vruddhi kaaryaas, used for abhivruddhi, the mangala karmaas, one has to do naandee mukha shraaddha, and the pitru ganaas which are called *naandee *mukhaas, they will be pleased with this naandee mukha shraaddha. One has to do these naandee mukha shraaddha in all the vruddhi karmaas. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 5: ****Kanyaa putra vivaaheshu pravesheshu cha veshmanah | **Naama karmaani baalaanaam choodaa karmaadike tathaa || www.sadagopan.org [[152]] of 219
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During marriage of daughter or son, during gruha pravesha, when naama karma is done for children, when the choodaa karma is done, one has to do *abhyudaya *shraaddha. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 6: ****Seemantonnayane chaiva putra aadi mukha darshane | **Naandee mukham pitru ganam poojayet prayato gruhee || In Seemantonnayane, when mukha darshana is done for the child, a gruhasta has to worship naandee mukha pitrus during all these vruddhi karmaas. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 7: ****Pitru poojaa kramah prokto vruddhaavesha samaasatah | **Shrooyataam avaneepaala pretakarma kriyaa vidhih || During all abhivruddhi karmaas (mangala kaaryaas), pitru poojaa krama has been told briefly. O King, listen to me about how to do the preta karma kriyaas. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Pitru poojaa iti | Vruddhou abhyudayashraaddhe | Pretakarma preta deha ****snaapana dahanaadi | Kriyaavidhih pindodaka daanaadih | **Pretakarma is giving mangala snaana, dahana. Kriya is giving pinda. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 8: ****Pretadeham shubhaih snaanaih snaapitam srak vibhooshitam | **Dagdhvaa graamaat bahih snaatvaa sachelaah salilaashaye || For the dead body, one has to give a bath, mangala snaana, and also decorate with garland, take it outside the village and then burn it, go to a water source and take bath with the cloth on. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **Pretadeham iti | Snaanaih snaana saadhanakaih | **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 9: ****Yatra tatra sthitaaya etadamukaaheti vaadinah | ****Dakshinaabhimukhaa dadyuh baandhavaah salilaanjalim || **All the relatives have to be wherever they are, their gotra and naama, telling that, of the person who died, wherever that preta is there, telling so, the relatives have to give udaka, water. They have to be facing south. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **Yatra iti | Amukashabdah tat tat gotraanaam upalakshakah | **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 10: ****Pravishtaah cha samam gobhih graama nakshatra darshane | ****Katakarma tatah kuryuh bhoomou prastarashaayinah || **They have to re-enter the village, after doing dahana outside the village, when the cows enter, during the evening, during godhooli kaala, and when the stars are visible. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **www.sadagopan.org [[153]] of 219
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**Pravishtaah iti | Go pravesha kaale vaa nakshatra darshane vaa praveshah | ****Katakarma - shava sambandham aashoucha krutyam, prastarah trunaadi ****shayyaa | **Either when the stars are visible, or when the cows are returning back. Whatever karmaas one has to do, during the period of impurity, for the dead, this is katakarma. Sleeping on grass on the ground, etc. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 11: ****Daatavyo anudinam pindah pretaaya bhuvi paarthiva | **Divaa cha bhaktam bhoktavyam amaamsam manujarshabha || Everyday, pindaas have to be given to the departed, till the ashoucha ends. During daytime, one has to eat without any maamsa, etc. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **Daatavya iti | Anudinam yaavat aashoucham | **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 12: ****Dinaani taani cha icchaatah kartavyam viprabhojanam | ****Pretaah yaanti tathaa truptim bandhuvargena bhunjataa || **As desired, one can offer food to Brahmins during all the days. When all the relatives and people eat during that time, the preta will get satisfied. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 13: ****Prathame ahni truteeye cha saptame navame tathaa | **Vastra tyaaga bahi snaane krutvaa dadyaat tilodakam || On the first day, third day, seventh day, ninth day, one has to give vastra, take bath outside, and also give the tilodaka. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 14: ****Chaturthe ahni ha kartavyam tasya asthi chayanam nrupa | **Tat oordhvam anga samsparshah sapindaanaam api eeshyate || On the fourth day, collecting the bones, is to be done. Those who are close relatives, related for seven generations, after the fourth day, one can touch these close relatives. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 15: ****Yogya sarva kriyaanaam tu samaana salilaah tathaa | ****Anulepana pushpaadi bhogaat anyatra paarthiva || **Also, all the other distant relatives, they will be eligible for doing all the activities, after the fourth day. But they should not do wearing chandana, wearing flowers, etc., even after the fourth day, till the asoucha goes. There are two categories - sapindaah and samaana salilaah. Sapindaah are the close relatives. Samaaana salilaah are the distant relatives, or those not related closely, but belonging to same gotra. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Yogya iti | Sarva kriyaah sandhyaa upaasana aadikaah | **Kriyaas mean sandhyaavandana and other things. www.sadagopan.org [[154]] of 219
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**Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 16: ****Shayya aasana upabhogah cha sapindaanaam api eeshyate | ****Bhasma asthi chayanaat oordhvam samyogo na tu yoshitam || **Sapindaas can take shayya, aasana, after fourth day. After the fourth day, asthishayana, they should not unite with their wives. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 17: ****Baale deshaantarasthe cha patite cha munou mrute | **Sadyah shoucham tathaa icchaato jala agni udbandhanaadishu || When a child dies, or one who is in some other country dies, or, one is a sinner, or a sage dies, ashoucha will go immediately. Those who commit suicide by drowning, hanging, etc. in those cases also this is told. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Baala iti | Icchaata iti visheshanaat akaamatah tu jalaadibhih mrutaanaam ****yathaa uktam ashouchaadikam kaaryam eva, * Yadi kinchit pramaadena mriyeta ****agni udakaadibhih | Tatra ashoucham vidhaatavyam kartavyaa cha udaka kriyaa **|| * iti smruteh | Not with the intention of committing suicide, if one simply gets drowned, as told, ashoucha has to be done. If one commits suicide, we don’t have to follow this aashoucha. But, if it is not suicide, one has to follow aashoucha. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 18: ****Mruta bandhoh dasha ahani kulasya annam na bhujyate | ****Daanam pratigraho homah svaadhyaayah cha nivartate || **When a close relative dies, he is called mruta bandhu. For his kula, from his house, food is not taken by others for ten days. They don’t cook food for ten days there. Daana, pratigraha, homa, svaadhyaaya are not to be done for ten days. From that kula in which someone has died, for ten days, one should not take rice, and daana, pratigraha, homa, svaadhyaaya, giving and taking donations, should be avoided. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Mruta bandhoh iti | Mruto bandhuh yatra kule tat mruta bandho tasya kulasya | ****Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 19: ****Viprasya etat dvaadasha aaham raajan yasya api ashouchakam | ****Ardhamaasam tu vaishyasya maasam shoodrasya shuddhaye || **For Brahmins, ten days is the aashoucha. Twelve days is for a Kshatriya. Fifteen days for a Vaishya, and one month for a Shoodra. After this, the aashoucha goes. Ten days of ashoucha is told for Braahmanaas. For Kshatriyaas, it is twelve days. For Vaishyaas, it is 15 days. Shoodraas have to observe one month of aashoucha to become pure. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Viprasya iti | Etat praak uktam dashaaha ashoucham | **www.sadagopan.org [[155]] of 219
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Ten days aashoucha for Vipraas. From tenth day onwards, what all is to be done are going to be told here. We will see these next.
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We are studying Amsha 3, Chapter 13. We just saw how the *Abhyudaya *Shraadha has to be done, at what times, and all the vrutti kaalaas. Also, *Ourva *Rishi has started telling about the preta karma kaaryaas to be done. Fourth day is asthi sanchaya, as told in this grantha. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 20: ****Ayujo bhojayet kaamam dvijaan ante tato dine | ****Dadyaat darbheshu pindam cha pretaaya ucchishta sannidhou || **At the end of ten days, when the aashoucha ends, odd number (3, 5, 7, …) or Brahmins should be fed. After the Brahmins have eaten, next to the place where they have eaten, one has to place darbha, and offer pinda for the preta. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Ayuja iti | Antye ashoucha antara dine, * Aadyam ekaadashe ahani * iti smruteh ****| ****Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 21: ****Vaaryaayudha pratodaah tu dandah cha dvija bhojanaat | ****Sprashtavyo anantaram varnaih shuddhyeran te tatah kramaat || **At the end of the bhojana of Brahmins, a Brahmin has to touch water, vaari. If a Kshatriya he has to touch a weapon, aayudha. A Vaishya has to touch a whip, pratoda. A Shoodra has to touch a danda, stick. Then only they will get shuddhi. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 22: ****Tatah savarna dharmaa ye vipraadeenaam udaahrutaah | **Taan kurveeta pumaan jeevet nija dharma aarjanaih tathaa || After that, the Brahmins, Kshatriyaas, Vaishyaas, Shoodraas, they get shuddhi. Whatever varna aashrama dharmaas are told, after that, they have to do. Whatever is told for their living, like yaajana, adhyaapana for Brahmins, like that, they have to resort to that in order to make a living. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 23: ****Mrutaahani cha kartavyam ekoddishta matah param | ****Aahvaanaadi kriyaa daiva niyoga rahitam hi tat || **Monthly, one has to do ekoddishta shraaddha. In this ekoddishta shraaddha, the aahvaana of vipraas, the Vaishvadevika, and Agni kaaryaas, are not there. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Mruta ahani iti | Aahvaanaadi ityaadi shabdaat agnou karanaadi graahyam | ****Daiva niyogo vaishvadevika vipra aamantranam || ****Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 24: ****Eko arghyah tatra daatavyah tathaivaikapachitrakam | **www.sadagopan.org [[156]] of 219
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**Pretaaya pindo daatavyo bhuktavastu dvijaatishu || **The kartaa has to wear only one pavitra, and has to give only one arghya. After the Brahmins have eaten, one pinda has to be given, for the preta. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 25: ****Prashnascha tatra abhiratih yajamaana dvijanmanaam | **Akshayyamamukasyeti vaktavyam viratou tathaa || After that, yajamaana has to ask a question to the Brahmins, whether they were satisfied with the food. He has to tell “Abhiramyataam”. Brahmins have to say “Abhirataah sma”. They will say “Amukhasya”, for such a person. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Prashnascha iti | Abhiramyataam iti yajamaanena prashtavyam, dvijaih cha ****abhirataah sma iti prativaktavyam || ****Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 26: ****Ekoddishtamayo dharma itthamaavatsaraatsrutah | ****Sapindeekaranam tasmaat kaale raajendra tat shrunu || **Like this, Ekoddishta shraaddha has to be done for the whole year, every month. At the end of a year, Sapindeekarana has to be done. I am going to tell you, O King. Listen to me. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: **Ekoddishtamaya iti | Tasmin kaale samvatsare ateete | **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 27: ****Ekoddishtavidhaanena kaaryam tat api paarthiva | ****Samvatsare atha shashthe vaa maase vaa dvaadashe ahni tat || **The Sapindeekarana has to be done in the same way as Ekoddishta. Here, there are options. One can do at the end of the year, or they can do after six months, or after a month, or on the twelfth day. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 28: ****Tila gandhodakaih yuktam tatra paatra chatushthayam || **Yajamaana has to place four paatraas, he has to put tila, gandha in all these four paatraas. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 29: ****Paatram pretasya tatra ekam paitram paatra trayam tathaa | **Sechayet pitru paatreshu preta paatram tatah trishu || Out of the four, one paatra is for the preta. Three paatraas are for the *pitru *ganaas. The dravyaas kept in the preta paatra, he has to take it and mix it with all the three paatraas for the pitru ganaas. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 30: ****Tatah pitrutvam aapanne tasmin prete maheepate | ****Shraaddha dharmaih asheshaih tu tat poorvaan archayet pitruun || **This is called Sapindeekarana. Where the preta will join the *pitru gana. *Pitrutva will be got by the preta, by the person who has passed away. Starting www.sadagopan.org [[157]] of 219
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from that person, the *pitrus, pitaamaha, prapitaamaha, *…, all the *shraaddha *dharmaas have to be done as ordained. From that point, that person will leave the preta avasthaa, and will join the pitru gana. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Tata iti | Shraaddha dharmaih paarvanaadyaih | Tat poorvaan sah poorvo ****yeshaam taan sapindeekruta pramukhaan | **Paarvana shraaddha and others. Whatever his previous pitrus are there, with whom he has joined, with all of them. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 31: ****Putrah poutrah prapoutro vaa bhraataa vaa bhraatru santatih | **Sapinda santatih vaapi kriyaa arho nrupa jaayate || Who has to do this kriyaa, is son, grandson, great grandson, or brother, or brother’s sons, or the sons of *Sapindaas *(those related for seven generations), all these people are eligible in order. Whoever is not there, the other person can do. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 32: ****Teshaam abhaave sarveshaam samaana udaka santatih | **Maatru paksha sapindena sambandhaa ye jalena vaa || If nobody is available in any of these, children of samaanodakaas can do (after the seventh generation are called samaanodakaas). Up to seven generations are called Sapindaas. If samaanodakaas are also not there from the pitru paksha, then from the *maatru paksha *(mother’s side), *Sapindaas *(seven generations) or beyond seven generations, can also do. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 33: ****Kuladvaye api chocchinne streebhih kaaryaah kriyaa nrupa | **Pitru maatru sapindaih tu samaana salilaih tathaa || If none of the adhikaaris are available from the father’s and mothers side, even women can do this kriyaa, as told here. In the same way, those who are Sapindaas of Pitrus, ladies from that side, or samaanodakaas, from the mother’s side (again Sapindaas and samaanodakaas). **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 34: ****(Tat sanghaata sthitaih vaa api) Sanghaata antargataih vaa api kaaryaah ****pretasya cha kriyaah | **Utsannabandho rikthaat vaa kaarayet avaneepatih || The person’s sateertha can also do, those who are doing Vedaadhyayana together, can also do. Another meaning is that from the community. These are all said to be preta kaaryaas. These are all the adhikaaris for preta kaaryaas. If nobody is available on any side, then the king can do the preta kaarya. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Sanghaata iti | Tat sanghaatah - tasya mrutasya saarthah | ****Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 35: ****Poorvaah kriyaah madhyamaah cha tathaa cha eva uttaraah kriyaah | ****Trih prakaaraah kriyaah sarvaah taasaam bhedam shrunushva me || **www.sadagopan.org [[158]] of 219
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All the karmaas to be done for the departed, are divided into three types - *Poorva, *Madhyama and Uttara Kriyaas. I will tell you what is the difference in all of these. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 36: ****(Aadaahavaaryaayudhaadi) Aadaahaat aadashaahaah cha sparshaadyantaah tu ****yaah kriyaah | **Taah poorvaa madhyamaa maasi maasyekoddishta sanjnitaah || From the burning of the body, up to the tenth day, they touch water, etc. and get shuddhi. Up to this, the kriyaas are called Poorvaah. The *Madhyama *kriyaas are what are done every month, called Ekoddishta, up to the Sapindeekarana. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 37: ****Prete pitrutvamaapanne sapindeekaranaadanu | ****Kriyante yaa kriyaah pitryaa prochyante taa nrupottaraah || **After Sapindeekarana, when the preta joins the pitru gana, whatever kriyaas are done are called as uttara kriyaas. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 38: ****Pitru maatru sapindaih tu samaana salilaih tathaa | **Sanghaataantargataih vaapi raajnyaa vaa dhanahaarinaa || The pitru side Sapindaas and *Samaanodakaas, *maatru side Sapindaas and Samaanodakaas, or the Sateerthaas, or the King, who takes taxes from all, can also do. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 39: ****Poorvaah kriyaah tu kartavyaah putraadyaih eva chottaraah | **Douhitraih vaa nrupashrestha kaaryaah tat tanayaih tathaa || Poorva kriyaas can be done by all these people. Uttara kriyaas, after Sapindeekarana, can be done only by son, grandson, etc. Or, daughter’s son can also do, or their children. **Sri Engal Aalwaan’s Commentary: ****Poorvaa iti | Poorvaah kriyaa tu iti atra poorva shabdena madhyamaanaam api ****grahanam | **Poorva kriyaas after the dahana, the father’s side or mother’s side, the *Sapindaas, *Samaanodakaas, or Sateerthaas, or King - this also includes the Madhyama kriyaas, up to Sapindeekarana. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 40: ****Mrutaahani cha kartavyaah streenaam api uttaraah kriyaah | **Prati samvatsaram raajan ekoddishta vidhaanatah || Even for women, all these kriyaas have to be done. Every year, the Ekoddishta has to be done, as ordained. **Sri Vishnu Puraana, Amsha 3, Chapter 13, Shloka 41: ****Tasmaat uttara sanjyaa yaah kriyaah taah shrunu paarthiva | **Yadaa yadaa cha kartavyaa vidhinaa yena chaanagha || Only uttara kriyaas, after Sapindeekarana, only sons have to do. Not www.sadagopan.org [[159]] of 219
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the *Sapindaas, Samaanodakaas - they are not eligible for that. That is why, I am going to tell you about the uttara kriyaas. When one has to do these, what is the vidhi, how one has to perform them, I am going to tell you. Listen to me. This concludes Amsha 3, Chapter 13. || Iti Sri Vishnu Puraane Truteeye Amshe Trayodasho Adhyaayah || || Iti Sri Vishnu Chitteeye Vishnu Puraana Vyaakhyaane Truteeye Amshe **Trayodasho Adhyaayah || *****www.sadagopan.org [[160]] of 219
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|| Atha Chaturdasho Adhyaayah || **Sanatkumaara’s Advice Now, Chapter 14.