Origin and spread
- Emerged in Israel in Levant.
- Babylonian captivity and exile
- Roman occupation and emigration
- Diaspora
- Ashkenazim (Central and Eastern Europe)
- Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+). Ashkenazi Levites where the proportion reaches 50%. From Kazar Khanate?
- Sephardim (initially in the Iberian Peninsula)
- Mizrahim (Middle East and North Africa)
- Ashkenazim (Central and Eastern Europe)
Turkic influence
- They were very inflencian in Turkic court - an influential merchant got the sultAn to seize french ships for missed payment.