30 APPENDIX

APPENDIX

Use of French Language Among the General Population and in the Public Schools, 1863

Language of instruction

Department

and number of

communes

Ain-450

Aisne-836

Non-French-speaking

French-speaking idiom or

Schools

using

Schools

Schoolchildren (ages 7-13)

using

communes

No.

Population

patois No. Population only

idiom or patois and

Schools using French

Unable to speak or write

Able to speak but

Able to speak and

unable to

write

French

only

French

write French

French

[[5]]

1,029

[[445]]

368,738

[[809]]

3,731

15,594

21,137

[[836]]

564,597

1,215

24,511

32,102

Allier-317

[[317]]

356,432

[[472]]

17,535

24,549

Alpes (Basses-)-254

[[244]]

122,206

[[10]]

24,162

[[495]]

2,525

5,364

6,588

Alpes (Hautes-)-189

[[189]]

125,100

[[623]]

[[579]]

4,052

9,856

Alpes-Maritimes-146

[[87]]

126,524

[[59]]

68,054

Ardèche-339

[[181]]

167,245

[[158]]

221,284

[[569]]

[[352]]

11,318

4,180

4,954

[[66]]

[[712]]

5,846

27,999

11,049

Ardennes 478

[[478]]

329,111

[[747]]

8,479

25,662

Ariège-336

[[332]]

229,676

[[4]]

22,174

[[415]]

13,676

8,263

4,461

Aube-446

[[446]]

262,785

[[588]]

6,242

18,691

Aude 434

[[430]]

229,487

[[4]]

54,119

[[626]]

6,180

8,801

13,842

Aveyron-282

[[282]]

396,025

1,204

9,681

19,606

19,366

Bouches-du-Rhône-106

[[106]]

507,112

[[638]]

5,257

32,349

13,583

Calvados-767

[[767]]

480,992

[[989]]

13,299

29,650

Cantal-259

[[259]]

240,523

[[649]]

3,123

12,458

9,991

Charente 428

[[102]]

91,568

[[326]]

287,513

[[657]]

3,717

12,981

18,675

Charente-Inférieure 479

[[479]]

481,060

[[835]]

[[226]]

27,001

28,035

Cher-290

[[290]]

323,393

[[407]]

25,882

16,315

Corrèze-286

[[211]]

218,839

[[75]]

91,279

[[463]]

16,520

9,352

9,647

Corsica-353

[[353]]

252,889

[[448]]

[[68]]

19,082

5,598

6,721

Côte-d’Or-717

Côtes-du-Nord-382

[[717]]

384,140

1,006

16,671

21,136

[[178]]

301,610

[[204]]

327,066

[[299]]

368 19,913

38,296

28,861

[[498]]

Creuse-261

[[261]]

270,055

[[424]]

1,938

13,455

13,996

Dordogne-582

[[582]]

501,687

[[762]]

16,234

13,108

18,140

Doubs-639

[[639]]

296,580

[[929]]

14,616

17,818

Drôme-366

[[210]]

86,129

[[156]]

240,255

[[760]]

5,644

20,274

8,550

Eure-700

[[700]]

398,661

[[748]]

27,335

8,324

Eure-et-Loir-426

[[426]]

290,455

[[552]]

5,250

24,724

Finistère-284

[[272]]

506,956

[[12]]

120,348

[[33]]

[[373]]

[[128]]

29,683

23,814

18,615

Gard-348

[[348]]

422,107

[[919]]

[[242]]

24,523

19,422

Garonne (Haute-)-578

[[547]]

298,012

[[31]]

186,069

[[957]]

7,766

23,359

16,738

Gers-466

[[466]]

298,931

[[747]]

7,124

7,126

9,757

Gironde-547

[[547]]

667,193

1,152

9,729

16,846

34,004

Hérault-331

[[324]]

276,095

[[7]]

133,296

[[976]]

11,828

11,500

19,500

Ille-et-Vilaine-350

[[350]]

584,930

[[732]]

46,095

19,329

Indre-245

[[245]]

270,054

[[350]]

12,544

16,986

Indre-et-Loire-281

[[281]]

323,572

[[441]]

8,296

21,496

Isère-550

[[317]]

291,135

[[233]]

286,613

1,229

12,722

25,049

24,425

Jura-583

[[583]]

298,053

[[932]]

[[16]]

8,068

24,155

Landes-331

[[307]]

232,894

[[24]]

67,945

[[512]]

25,670

5,315

2,147

Loir-et-Cher-298

[[298]]

269,029

[[433]]

11,968

17,140

Loire-320

[[320]]

517,603

[[706]]

4,176

47,523

10,789

Loire (Haute-)-260

[[235]]

218,940

[[25]]

86,581

[[502]]

13,566

5,695

14,193

Loire-Inférieure-208

[[208]]

580,207

[[628]]

29,298

37,844

Loiret-349

[[349]]

352,757

[[614]]

8,555

34,225

Lot-315

[[290]]

223,385

[[25]]

72,157

[[631]]

17,079

7,476

5,805

Lot-et-Garonne-316

[[124]]

87,741

[[192]]

244,324

[[572]]

4,482

7,134

21,456

Lozère-193

[[193]]

137,367

[[849]]

3,893

7,234

3,762

Maine-et-Loire-376

[[376]]

526,012

[[768]]

23,270

31,032

Manche-644

[[644]]

591,421

1,217

27,118

32,636

Marne-667

[[667]]

385,498

[[950]]

8,446

30,123

Marne (Haute-)-550

[[550]]

254,413

[[796]]

6,512

19,064

Mayenne-274

Meurthe-714

[[77]]

46,740

[[637794]]

375,163

[[541]]

10,083

29,338

381,903

[[170]]

1,040

2,451

1,652

39,417

[[499]]

APPENDIX (continued)

Use of French Language Among the General Population and in the Public Schools, 1863

Language of instruction

Schools

Schoolchildren (ages 7-13)

using

Schools

Department

and number of

communes

Meuse-587

Non-French-speaking

communes

French-speaking

idiom or idiom or

communes

patois patois and

using French

Unable to speak or write

Able to speak but

Able to

speak and

unable to

write

No.

Population

No. Population only

French

only

French

write French

French

[[587]]

305,540

[[939]]

[[234]]

30,305

Morbihan-237

[[109]]

251,809

[[128]]

234,695

[[181]]

[[268]]

20,457

22,901

11,055

Moselle 629

[[245]]

179,782

[[384]]

266,675

[[504]]

[[644]]

14,565

[[400]]

40,657

Nièvre-314

[[314]]

332,814

[[458]]

22,298

18,966

Nord-660

[[83]]

112,935

[[577]]

1,190,445

[[146]]

1,345

3,800

68,316

84,587

Oise-700

[[700]]

401,417

[[967]]

4,206

42,338

Orne-511

[[511]]

423,350

[[738]]

26,468

13,236

Pas-de-Calais-903

[[903]]

724,338

1,381

52,936

29,196

Puy-de-Dôme 443

[[420]]

466,455

[[23]]

109,954

[[947]]

8,581

37,760

21,333

Pyrénées (Basses-)–559

[[292]]

199,329

[[267]]

237,299

[[14]]

[[48]]

[[875]]

11,158

22,396

22,276

Pyrénées (Hautes-)-479

[[462]]

185,615

[[17]]

54,564

[[781]]

7,259

3,992

10,431

Pyrénées-Orientales-230

[[230]]

181,763

[[373]]

8,406

6,757

5,059

Rhin (Bas-)-542

[[437]]

290,565

[[105]]

287,009 45

[[513]]

[[614]]

29,730

13,214

39,138

Rhin (Haut-)-490

[[203]]

258,456

[[287]]

257,346

[[685]]

[[216]]

12,968

11,752

49,402

Rhône 258

[[258]]

662,493

[[866]]

2,423

25,656

33,513

Saône (Haute-)-583

[[583]]

317,183

1,037

[[259]]

29,676

Saône-et-Loire-583

[[583]]

582,137

[[979]]

41,409

27,191

Sarthe-389

[[389]]

466,155

[[679]]

11,353

36,550

Savoie-325

[[325]]

275,039

[[973]]

20,631

14,392

Savoie (Haute-)-309

[[309]]

267,496

[[621]]

5,605

6,539

18,898

Seine-70

Seine-Inférieure-759

[[759]]

[[7550]]

1,953,660

1,647

4,000

10,000

159,124

789,988

1,323

62,710

19,082

[[500]]

Seine-et-Marne-527

[[527]]

352,312

[[767]]

12,401

26,950

Seine-et-Oise-684

[[684]]

513,073

1,056

1,820

49,663

Sèvres (Deux-)-355

[[355]]

328,817

[[573]]

23,047

13,176

Somme 832

[[832]]

572,646

1,321

20,172

35,841

Tarn-316

[[306]]

270,278

[[10]]

83,355

[[665]]

5,582

5,384

27,716

Tarn-et-Garonne-193

[[193]]

232,551

[[388]]

[[892]]

6,428

13,343

Var-143

[[143]]

315,526

[[463]]

8,290

7,328

11,869

Vaucluse 149

[[149]]

268,255

[[387]]

3,524

5,707

19,606

Vendée-298

[[298]]

395,695

[[554]]

43,319

2,278

Vienne-296

[[296]]

322,028

[[476]]

15,790

19,288

Vienne (Haute-)-200

[[105]]

190,146

[[95]]

129,449

[[412]]

3,715

13,773

12,007

Vosges-548

[[2]]

1,106

[[546]]

414,379

1,033

1,756

9,863

32,808

Yonne-483

[[483]]

TOTAL-37,510

8,381

7,426,058

29,129

370,305 29,956,167

[[737]]

39,059

92 3,438

65,338

448,328

1,490,269

2,079,830

[[501]]

SOURCE: Archives Nationales, F17 3160, manuscript Ministère de l’instruction publique, 1863: “Statistique. Etats divers.”

NOTE: French was not in general use in any of the communes of 4 of the 89 departments, was not in use in more than half the communes of 20 others, and was not in use in a significant proportion of another 6. In 2 other departments, though the bulk of the communes were French-speaking, sizable areas still were not.

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