18 Index

Acropolis, Athens ref1

Acts of John ref1

Acts of Paul and Thecla ref1

Aeschylus ref1

Agrippina ref1

Alban, St ref1

Alexander the Great ref1, ref2

Alexandria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Great Library ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Great Lighthouse ref1

Musaeum ref1

zoo ref1

Amantius ref1

Ambrose, Bishop of Milan ref1, ref2

Ambrose of Alexandria ref1

Ammianus Marcellinus ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Antioch ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Antisthenes ref1

Antony, St ref1

abandons rich lifestyle ref1, ref2

apparition seen by monks ref1n

biography of ref1, ref2

demonic attacks ref1

fails to be martyred as he wished ref1

as founding father of monasticism ref1

life of isolation, humility and self-abnegation ref1

tempted by Satan ref1

wears hair shirt and never washes ref1, ref2

Apamea ref1, ref2

Aphrodite ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Apocalypse of Peter ref1

Apollo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Apollo of Scetis ref1

Archimedes ref1

Ares ref1

Aristarchus of Samos ref1

Aristotle ref1

Physics ref1

Arius of Alexandria ref1

Arnold, Matthew ref1

Arrius Antoninus ref1

Artemis ref1

Athanasius, life of St Antony ref1

Athena ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Athens

the Academy in ref1, ref2

changing fabric of ref1

Christianity in ref1

Damascius in ref1

effect of Justinian’s laws in ref1, ref2, ref3

House C ref1, ref2

and tale of the last seven philosophers ref1, ref2, ref3

Augustine, St ref1, ref2, ref3

on bathing ref1

on becoming a Christian ref1

on the Bible’s register ref1

on the circumcellions ref1

City of God Against the Pagans ref1

on demons ref1, ref2

dislike of atomism ref1

encourages Christians to smash pagan objects ref1

on God’s law ref1

on growth of Christianity ref1

intolerance of ref1

knowledge of pronunciation and grammar ref1

observes decline of atomist philosophy ref1

on pagans’ ability to worship many gods ref1

personal life ref1

and punishing of errant Christians ref1

reaction to life of St Antony ref1

and religious contamination ref1, ref2

shocked by acts of violence ref1

tells the unconverted to listen to the strepitus mundi ref1

on works opposed to Christian doctrine ref1

and worship of many gods by pagans ref1

his work on the Psalms is written over Cicero’s De re publica ref1

Augustus, Emperor ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Avodah Zarah ref1

Bacchus ref1, ref2

Basil, Bishop ref1, ref2

Address ref1

‘The Right Use of Greek Literature’ ref1

baths and bathhouses ref1

Bede, Venerable ref1

Beirut ref1, ref2

Benedict of Nursia ref1

Benedictines ref1

Bible, books of ref1, ref2, ref3

Corinthians ref1

Deuteronomy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5n

Genesis ref1

Gospel of John ref1

Gospel of Luke ref1

Gospel of Mark ref1, ref2

Gospel of Matthew ref1, ref2, ref3

Psalms ref1

Bible stories

the Flood ref1

Jonah and the Whale ref1

Bithynia ref1, ref2

books see literature

British Museum, London ref1

Brown, Peter ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Buckland, William, Vindiciae Geologicae ref1

Byzantium ref1

Caelestis ref1

Caesarea ref1

Callimachus ref1

Canfora, Luciano ref1

Carthage ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Catullus ref1, ref2

‘Carmen ref1’ ref1, ref2, ref3

Collected Poems ref1

Caxton, William ref1

Celsus ref1, ref2

disappearance of his work ref1

interest in different sorts of worship ref1

On the True Doctrine ref1, ref2

Origen’s counter-attack against ref1

arguments against Christians and Christianity ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Christians, Christianity

attacks and counter-attacks ref1, ref2

attitude to literature and intellectual pursuits ref1

attractions of ref1

baths and bathhouses deplored by ref1

belief in uniqueness of their religion ref1

and boundaries between sanctity and sorcery ref1

bureaucratic preferment and eternal delights ref1

considered hoodlums, thieves and vandals ref1

considered ignorant ref1

converts to ref1, ref2, ref3

belief in demons and their ways ref1

destruction of the temples, statues and paganism ref1, ref2, ref3

disgust at other religions ref1

early mentions of in non-Christian literature ref1

historians and chroniclers’ views of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

homosexuality deplored ref1

horrified at theatre and drama ref1

as intolerant and uncompromising ref1, ref2, ref3

loathing for Athenian philosophy ref1

martyr tales ref1

moralizing attitude towards food, sex and women ref1, ref2, ref3

persecution and execution of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Pliny’s letter concerning ref1, ref2, ref3

punishments meted out by ref1, ref2, ref3

relationship with Roman officials and bureaucracy ref1

and religious contamination ref1

sex within marriage allowed but not enjoyed ref1

spread of ref1, ref2, ref3

and the strepitus mundi ref1

traditional narratives ref1

triumph of ref1, ref2, ref3

urged to spy on each other ref1, ref2, ref3

violence and aggression of ref1, ref2

willingness to die ref1, ref2

Cicero ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

De re publica ref1

circumcellions ref1 and note, ref1

riotous anniversary celebrations ref1

Claudius, Emperor ref1

Claudius Pulcher, Publius ref1

Clement of Alexandria ref1

Paedagogus ref1

Constantine, Emperor

aggressive epistle concerning Porphyry and Arius ref1

ambiguous beliefs ref1

beneficent treatment of the early Church ref1, ref2

boils his wife in a bath ref1, ref2

builds temple to imperial family ref1

described as ‘a tyrant with the mind of a banker’ ref1

and desecration of the temples ref1

founds Constantinople ref1

laws restricting ‘the pollution of idolatry’ ref1, ref2

luxurious living ref1

religious tolerance of ref1, ref2

vision and conversion ref1, ref2, ref3

Constantinople ref1, ref2

Constantius, Emperor ref1

Copenhagen Psalter ref1

Cordoba ref1

Corpus Christi College, Oxford ref1

Creation myth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage ref1

Cyrene ref1

Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Dalrymple, William, From the Holy Mountain ref1n

Damascius

bravery of ref1, ref2

dismayed at Persian way of life ref1

escapes to Athens ref1

and the fantastical ref1

influence on Athenian philosophy ref1, ref2

and ‘Law ref1.11.10.2’ ref1, ref2

leaves Athens for Persia ref1, ref2, ref3

leaves Persia and vanishes ref1

life in House C ref1, ref2

loathing for Christians ref1

studies philosophy ref1, ref2, ref3

torture of his brother ref1, ref2, ref3

De paucitate martyrum (‘On the small number of martyrs’) ref1

de Ste. Croix, G. E. M. ref1

Decian persecution (AD 250 to AD 251) ref1, ref2

Decius, Emperor ref1

Edict ref1

Delphi ref1

Demeas ref1

Demeter ref1

Democritus ref1, ref2

demons ref1

connected with the old religions ref1, ref2

countering diabolic whispers ref1

descriptions of ref1

explanations ref1

hideous army of ref1

methods of attack ref1

motivations ref1

plots against mankind ref1

power of ref1

prophecies of ref1

and religious contamination ref1

Serapis considered a demon ref1

wicked thoughts and temptations ref1

Dendera ref1

desert monks

asceticism of ref1

and battles with demons and Satan’s minions ref1

beset by visions and temptations ref1

clothing ref1

considered mad and repellent ref1

description of ref1, ref2

diet and starvation ref1

grim tales concerning ref1

as poor and illiterate ref1

reasons for peculiar practices ref1

slaves advised to become ref1

and thoughts of death ref1

as vicious and thuggish ref1

see also monks

Devil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

Diocletian, Emperor ref1

Diogenes ref1

Dionysus ref1

Domitian, Emperor ref1

Domitius ref1

Drake, H. A. ref1n

Eco, Umberto ref1

The Name of the Rose ref1

Edict of Milan (313) ref1, ref2

Einstein, Albert ref1

Elgin, Lord ref1

empiricism ref1 and note

Engels, Friedrich ref1

Ephesus ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Eratosthenes ref1

erotica

at Pompeii ref1

and bathhouses ref1

Christian moralizing on food, sex and women ref1, ref2

classical statues ref1

and homosexuality ref1

in literature ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and sex within marriage ref1

sexual practice in the Roman world ref1

Euclid ref1

Eulalia ref1, ref2

Eunapius ref1, ref2

Euripides ref1

Eusebius ref1, ref2, ref3

Firmicus Maternus ref1

Flora ref1

food and drink ref1, ref2

Frend, W. H. C. ref1

Galen

at Alexandria ref1

Christian attitude towards ref1

disparagement of Christians and physicians ref1

observations and understanding of neuroanatomy ref1

pig experiment ref1, ref2, ref3

Galileo Galilei ref1

Garden of Eden ref1

Gaul ref1

Gaza ref1, ref2

Geffcken, Johannes ref1

Gell, Sir William ref1

Germanicus ref1

Gessius, Flavius Aelius ref1

Gibbon, Edward ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ref1

Gnostic, Gnosticism ref1

God

as all-seeing ref1, ref2, ref3

attitude towards pagans ref1

Augustine’s appeal to ref1

Celsus’s comments on ref1, ref2

choosing between Satan and God ref1

as the creator ref1, ref2

and the demons ref1

Galen’s comments on ref1

of Genesis ref1

and the language of the Bible ref1

pagans’ attitude towards ref1

Porphyry’s comments on ref1

and removal of abominations from His presence ref1

and the saving of mankind ref1

shape and form of ref1

Gratian, Emperor ref1

Great Persecution (AD 303) ref1, ref2

Greco-Roman world

as cynical ref1

and divine benevolence ref1

hedonism of ref1

lusty pantheon of gods ref1

omens ref1

religious intensity in ref1

religious system ref1, ref2, ref3

variety of worship ref1

worship of gods forbidden ref1

Greenblatt, Stephen ref1

Hell ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Hercules ref1

Hermes ref1

Hermopolis, Egypt ref1

Herodotus ref1, ref2

Hipparchus ref1

Homer ref1, ref2

Iliad ref1

homosexuals ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Hopkins, Keith ref1

Horace ref1, ref2, ref3

Hours of Jeanne de Navarre ref1

Hypatia of Alexandria ref1, ref2

as astronomer and mathematician ref1

as local celebrity ref1

murder of ref1, ref2, ref3

non-partisan behaviour of ref1

pupils of ref1

romantic notions concerning ref1

rumours concerning ref1

Index Librorum Prohibitorum ref1

Inquisition ref1

Isis ref1, ref2

Islamic State ref1

Jacobus de Voragine, The Golden Legend ref1, ref2 and note

Jehovah’s Witnesses ref1n

Jerome, St ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Jesuits ref1, ref2

Jesus Christ

Celsus’s comments on ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

conception of ref1

divinity of ref1

Galen comments on the credulity of Christ’s followers ref1

miracles of ref1, ref2

Resurrection of ref1

and the saving of mankind ref1

and turning the other cheek ref1

Jesus College, Oxford ref1

Jews, Judaism ref1

violence against ref1

John the Baptist ref1, ref2, ref3

John Chrysostom (John ‘Goldenmouth’) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

Johnson, Samuel ref1

Jones, A. H. M. ref1

Joyce, James, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ref1

Judge, E. A. ref1

Julia (daughter of Augustus) ref1

Julian the Apostate ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Julius (veteran soldier) ref1, ref2

Julius Caesar ref1

mockingly called ‘the Queen of Bithynia’ ref1

Jupiter ref1

Justinian, Emperor ref1, ref2

laws of ref1, ref2

Juvenal ref1, ref2, ref3

Kendrick, Walter ref1

Khosrow, King of Persia ref1, ref2

King James Bible ref1

Kingsley, Charles ref1

Lacarrière, Jacques ref1

Lane Fox, Robin ref1

Latin ref1

Libanius (Greek orator) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Liberalia, feast of ref1, ref2

Libya ref1

Life of Brian (film, 1979) ref1n

Life of Martin ref1

literature

as acceptable ref1

accusations of magic made against ref1 and note, ref1

as alarming ref1

assimilation of classical texts ref1, ref2

banning of ref1 and note, ref1, ref2

as bawdy and obscene ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Bible read allegorically ref1

burning and eradication of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

censorship and mutilation of ref1, ref2, ref3

Christian attitude towards ref1

Christian moralizing on food, sex and women ref1

as contaminating ref1, ref2

copies made of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

as demonic and devilish ref1, ref2, ref3

editing of classical canon ref1

effect of Christianity on ref1

and the Great Library at Alexandria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Greek ref1, ref2

intellectual achievements of pagans ref1

and the language of the Bible ref1

manual on public speaking ref1 and note

in monastic libraries ref1, ref2, ref3

polytheist ref1

sadistic ref1

threatening Christian writings ref1

and the writing of history ref1

Livy ref1

Lucan ref1

Lucian of Samosata ref1

Life of Peregrinus ref1

nicknamed ‘the Blasphemer’ ref1

Lucretius

atomic theory ref1

On the Nature of Things ref1

MacMullen, Ramsay ref1, ref2

Magdalen College, Oxford ref1

Malchus ref1, ref2

Marcellus, Bishop ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Marcus Aurelius ref1, ref2

Meditations ref1

Martial ref1, ref2, ref3

‘Epigram 1.90’ ref1

Martin, St ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

martyrdom

eagerness of Christians to become martyrs ref1, ref2

early books on ref1

female martyrs ref1, ref2, ref3

glory and rewards ref1

historical facts concerning ref1, ref2

influence of ref1

killed while breaking idols ref1

martyrs as art ref1

and Pliny’s ‘Letter 10.96’ ref1, ref2, ref3

popular narrative concerning ref1

and problem of sacrifice ref1, ref2, ref3

reluctance of officials to execute ref1, ref2

and saints ref1

and suicide ref1, ref2

Maxentius ref1

Maximus (prefect) ref1

Michael (reader of fantasy novels) ref1n

Michelangelo ref1

Minerva ref1

Minucius Felix ref1

Mithras ref1

monasteries

erasure of classical works ref1

lands belonging to ref1

life in ref1

and preservation of classical knowledge ref1

rules of ref1

monasticism ref1, ref2

monks

attack Orestes in Alexandria ref1

break into house of Gessius ref1

copying of manuscripts ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

demonic attacks ref1

demonic descriptions ref1

in the desert ref1, ref2

destruction of manuscripts ref1

fear of ref1

and fornication ref1

intensity and violence of ref1, ref2, ref3

life in a monastery ref1

powerful image of ref1

self-help guides ref1

in a time of miracles ref1

as vulgar, stinking and ill-educated ref1, ref2, ref3

see also desert monks

Monte Cassino ref1, ref2

Moses ref1, ref2, ref3

Moss, Candida ref1

Murdoch, Iris ref1

Muses of Helicon ref1

Muslims ref1

Nazi Germany ref1

Neoplatonism ref1

Nero, Emperor

blames Christians for the Great Fire ref1

builds extravagant Golden House ref1

family background ref1

famous novel written about ref1

persecution and execution of Christians ref1, ref2

sexual passions ref1

watches Rome burn ref1

Newton, Isaac ref1

Nicomedes, King ref1

Nietzsche, Friedrich ref1

Oedipus the King ref1

Orestes, governor of Alexandria ref1, ref2

Origen ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Orphism ref1

Ovid ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

‘Art of Love’ ref1

Metamorphoses ref1

pagans, paganism

acceptable sexual practice ref1

add Christian god and saints to polytheistic gods ref1

Augustine’s comment on ref1

bathhouses of ref1

and the coming of Christianity ref1

Constantine’s attack upon ref1

conversion of ref1, ref2

described as madmen ref1

destruction of temples and statues ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

dispute over Altar of Victory ref1

intellectual achievements of ref1

interest in ref1

laws issued against ref1, ref2, ref3

plead for toleration ref1

questions concerning religious contamination ref1

religion as demonically inspired ref1

resistance to raging mobs of Christians ref1

suppression and persecution of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

use of word ‘pagan’ ref1

vanishing of ref1, ref2

war against ref1

Palladas (Greek poet) ref1, ref2, ref3

Palmyra ref1, ref2

Palmyra Museum ref1

Pan ref1, ref2, ref3

Panopolis ref1

parabalani

attack and kill Hypatia ref1

description of ref1

devoted to the service of God ref1

membership of ref1

as a ‘terrorist charity’ ref1

violent attacks on Jews ref1

Parthenon ref1

Paul, St ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

The Penguin Dictionary of Saints ref1

Peregrinus ref1

Pergamum ref1

Persia ref1, ref2

Phidias ref1

Philae ref1

philosophy, philosophers

Athenian ref1, ref2, ref3

atomists ref1, ref2

attacks on ref1

Christian attitudes towards ref1, ref2, ref3

competing schools of ref1

Damascius and the seven philosophers ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and destruction of Serapis ref1

Epicurean ref1

female ref1, ref2, ref3

loathing of Christianity ref1, ref2

Peripatetics ref1

in Rome ref1

Stoics ref1, ref2, ref3

tortured, burned alive and beheaded ref1, ref2

witty and humorous asides ref1, ref2

Phoenicia ref1

plague ref1

Plato ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Timaeus ref1, ref2

Plautus ref1

Pliny the Elder ref1, ref2n, ref3, ref4

Pliny the Younger ref1, ref2

admiration for shrines ref1

comment on temple wall inscriptions ref1

execution of his slaves ref1

organizes reforms on behalf of Trajan ref1

uncomfortable journey to Bithynia ref1

watches the eruption of Vesuvius ref1n, ref2

writes ‘Letter 10.96’ on the ‘wretched cult’ of Christianity ref1, ref2, ref3

Plutarch ref1

Pollini, John ref1

polytheism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Pompeii

access to objects from ref1

bathhouses at ref1

erotica in ref1

excavations at ref1

guidebooks to ref1, ref2

Pontius Pilate ref1

Porphyry ref1, ref2

Priapus ref1

Probus (Roman prefect) ref1

Procopius ref1

Protagoras ref1

Prudentius ref1

Ptolemy II ref1, ref2

Ptolemy III Euergetes ref1

Pythian Apollo ref1

Quo Vadis (book, film, TV series) ref1

Rabbula, Bishop ref1

Ratio Studiorum ref1

Renaissance ref1, ref2

Rohmann, Dirk ref1, ref2, ref3

Roman Empire

baths and bathhouses in ref1

Christian architecture in ref1

Christian martyrs in ref1, ref2, ref3

Christianity in ref1, ref2, ref3

desecration of temples in ref1

eradication and burning of books in ref1

fall of ref1

Galen’s fame in ref1

limited number of persecutions in ref1

philanthropy in ref1

provincial life in ref1

religious worship in ref1

reluctance to execute Christians in ref1, ref2

sciences in ref1

sexual practice in ref1

theatre and drama in ref1

travelling around ref1

tricksters and sorcerers in ref1

Rome ref1

acceptance of foreign gods in ref1

Altar of Victory, Senate House ref1

architecture in ref1

atomists in ref1

Christians sent for trial to ref1

cleanliness, magnificence and noise in ref1

collapse of ancient cults ref1

dependent on the goodwill of the gods ref1

execution and persecution of Christians ref1

feast of Liberalia ref1, ref2

fossores (diggers of the catacombs) ref1

Galen’s gatherings in ref1, ref2

Great Fire of ref1

as haunt of demons ref1

lust, gluttony and avarice in ref1

Sack of (AD 410) ref1

scorning of luxurious dress in ref1

spread of Christianity in ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

tolerance of the Romans ref1n

Rovelli, Carlo ref1

The Royal Museum at Naples, Being Some Account of the Erotic Paintings, Bronzes and Statues Contained in that Famous ‘Cabinet Secret’ ref1

Sanctus ref1

Satan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Sauer, Eberhard ref1

Savonarola ref1

Seneca ref1, ref2, ref3

Serapis, temple of

church built to St John the Baptist on its ruins ref1

description of ref1

destruction of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Great Library of Alexandria in ref1, ref2

statue of god Serapis ref1, ref2

Seven Sleepers story ref1, ref2

sex see erotica

Shapur I, King ref1 and note

Shaw, Brent D. ref1, ref2

Shaw, George Bernard ref1

Shenoute, St ref1

breaks into house of Gessius ref1

description of ref1

monks terrified of ref1

punishments used by ref1

wrestles with the Devil ref1

Sienkiewicz, Henryk, Quo Vadis ref1

Simeon Stylites the Younger ref1, ref2

Simon Magus ref1

Sisyphus ref1

slaves, slavery ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

Socrates ref1, ref2

Sophocles ref1

Sorbonne, Paris ref1

Sozomen ref1

Sparta Archaeological Museum ref1

Stark, Rodney ref1

statues

of Augustus ref1

in bathhouses ref1, ref2

in the British Museum ref1

as cause for hilarity ref1

demonic connections ref1, ref2

destruction and vandalism of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17

of gods and goddesses ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

spontaneous destruction of injures two ‘idolators’ ref1

offerings made to ref1

of Pliny the Younger ref1

plundered from the temples ref1, ref2, ref3

at Serapis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

of Simon Magus ref1

Stephen, St ref1

Suetonius ref1, ref2, ref3

Symmachus ref1

Syria ref1, ref2, ref3

Tacitus ref1

Annals ref1

Tantalus ref1

temples

built to imperial family ref1

as centres of demonic behaviour ref1, ref2

Christian questions and attitudes concerning ref1

desertion of ref1

destruction and vandalism of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

inscriptions in ref1

Pliny’s comments on ref1, ref2

stones re-used to build houses and churches ref1, ref2

Tertullian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

theatre ref1, ref2

Themistius ref1

Theodore, St ref1

Theodoret of Cyrrhus ref1

Theodosius I, Emperor ref1, ref2

Theodosius II, Emperor ref1

Theon ref1, ref2n

Theophilus, Bishop of Alexandria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Tiberius, Emperor ref1

Tibullus ref1

Trajan, Emperor

agrees that Christians should be punished ref1

correspondence with Pliny ref1

declares that Christians ‘must not be hunted out’ ref1

involvement in minutiae of the province ref1

sends Pliny the Younger to Bithynia ref1

Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry ref1

Ustinov, Peter ref1

Valens, Emperor ref1

Valentinian I, Emperor ref1

Valentinian III, Emperor ref1

Valerian persecution (AD 257 to AD 260) ref1

Vatican ref1

Venus ref1

Vespasian, Emperor ref1

Vesuvius ref1n, ref2, ref3

Victoria, Queen ref1

Vienna ref1

Virgil ref1, ref2, ref3

Virgin Mary ref1, ref2, ref3

Waugh, Evelyn, Brideshead Revisited ref1 and note

White Monastery ref1, ref2

women

appearance of ref1

at the bathhouse ref1

as drunk ref1

erotic depictions ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

as lesbians ref1, ref2, ref3

as martyrs ref1, ref2, ref3

as prostitutes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and story of Hypatia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Zachariah of Mytilene ref1, ref2, ref3

Zeus ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Zoroaster ref1

Zosimus ref1