agency, capacity for historical action, 68-9, 87, 123, 129-30, 137, 140, 150, 211-2, 240, 285
particular problem for peasantry, 14-5, 145-8, 166, 186-7, 282-3
“passive revolution,” concept of, 31, 153 n.11, 205, 212
see also collective action, fatalism, peasantry
agonism, “culture of mistrust,” 1, 6-7, 12—3, 20, 211, 229-31, 258, 283
as theme in Sicilian literature, 120-2, 126-7, 258, 281
as impediment to social action, 14, 18, 256
Agrarian Question, see land tenure system, land reform
amoral fatnilism, see Banfieid, Edward C.
antimafia movement, 2, 20, Chapter 11 passim·, 283
anti-Semitism, 100-1, 104—7, 114
“backwardness”, see development
banditry, brigandage, 9, 13, 14, 55-7, 65, 83, 103, 135, 138, 257-8
Banfield, Edward C., 6, 12-3, 19, 157, 206, 228-9
binarism, see dualism
body types, differences of, 83-5, 90, 104, 127-8
see also race, racism
Bossi, Umberto, 1—2, 28
see also Lega Nord
Bufalino, Gesualdo, 20, Chapter 10, passim
camorra, the, 55, 56, 72 n. 11, 112, 217, 245
capitalism, global capitalism, 3, 149, Chapter 9, passim; 269—70, 281—2, 285—6
Carboneria, Carbonari, see “secret societies”
Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, 28, 91, 210 see also Extraordinary Intervention
Catholic Church, Papacy, 15—6, 124, 143. 148, Chapter 8, passim; 257
in Kingdom of Naples 28—30, 32, 37—8, 42, 44-6
sale of ecclesiastical domain 29-30, 213
vis the peasantry 15-6, 159, 168-70
see also religion
chaos, as concept in Sicilian literature, 261—2, 268, 274-5 n. 1, 275 n. 3, 281
Chatterjee, Partha, 17-8
Christian Democracy, Christian Democratic Party, 236-7, 247, 251
civilization, issue of belonging to, 2—3, 5—6, 10, 15, 20, 45-6, 63, 65-71
retrieval of ancient civilizational histories, 5, 15, 20, 142, 269, 271
civil society, democratic culture, 1—2, Chapter 10 passim
axis of North-South contrast, 1. 6-7, 21, 216, 288
emergent in today’s South, 2, 3, 19, 252, 255-6, 283, 288
in light of vastly unequal power, 17, 139-41, 143, 145, 151, 159, 167
see also state, “weakness” of
classes, class relations, 18, 43-4, 53-4, 64, 127, 129
class consciousness as problem, 14—6, 138, 148, 166, 251
élite class alliances, 27, 135, 138, 212
subaltern class alliances, 14, 59-60, 135-6, 138-9, 149, 182, 282, 286
“clean hands” anti-corruption movement, 2, 19
clientelism, 1—3, 6-7, 12—3, 216, Chapter 10, passim; 254, 258
national links, post-Unification Italy, 19, 218-9, 241 n. 7
national links, “First Republic”, 2, 210, 241 n.8, 284, 286
relation to organized crime, 2, 20, 126, 218-9. 220, 250-1, 252-3, 255
see also corruption
Colajanni, Napoleone, 11, 12, 111—2, 251, 281 see also race, racism
collective action; “failure” of, 1, 6-7, 11, 12, 18, 20, 27, 180, 229-30
racial theory of, 111
see also agency
colonialism, vis the Italian South, 13—5, 27, 135, 149, 286
see also imperialism
Communism, Communist Party, 137, 138-9, 152-3 n.8, 165, 179, 237, 250, 251
Consolo, Vincenzo, 20, Chapter 12 passim
constitutional monarchy, 6, 29-30, 32, 37, 42
corruption, 47, 78, 128, 206, 234, 241 n. 5, 247
collusion with organized crime, 2, 20, 126, 218-9, 250-1, 252-3, 255
see also clientdism, mafia
crime; violent crime, 1—2, 9, 10-1, 46, 47, 55, 66, 85-8, Chapter 4, passim; 121-2, 206, 208, 271
criminology, “criminal anthropology,” 8, 10-1, 89—90; Chapter 4, passim
Croce, Benedetto, 29, 41, 136, 138—9, 141, 161, 164, 184-5
Cuoco, Vincenzo, 30—1, 40, 143
death, outlooks on death, 120-2, 158-9, 258, 272
De Martino, Ernesto, 14-7, 20, Chapter 7, passim; Chapter 8 passim·, 282—3
demographic indices, 40, 80-1, 82-4 see also emigration, immigration
De Sanctis, Francesco, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41—2, 72 n.7
development, underdevelopment or “backwardness”, 1, 39, 41, 45-6, 72 n.14, 164-5, 206, 230-1, 237-9
dualism, 5, 6-7, IO, 46, 60, 70-1, 78-9, 85-6, 88, 164, 225
emigration, 1, 19, 83-4, 208, 269-70, 284, 288 see also demographic indices
Enlightenment, 9, 11, 14, 20, 27, 126, 141, 143, 193, 255-7, 262, 280
Neapolitan Enlightenment, 30-1, 41
entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship, see middle class
essential ism, cultural determinism, 3, 20, 87, 149, 227-8, 249, 257-9, 271, 286
theme in Siclian literature, 12, 20, 117-8, 126-30, 271, 274
related to racial determinism, 11, 19, 88-90, 126-30
European Union, 1, 2—3, 7—8,
exile, experience of, 8—9, 28, 31-3, 36, 41-6
Extraordinary Intervention in the South, 1—2, 6, 10, 28, 91-2, 206, 220, 227, 240-1 n. 4, 284, 288
see also Cassa per il Mezzogiorno
fascism; neo-fascism, 20-1, 114, 138-9, 158, 179, 284, 287-8
possible recurrance, 3, 20-1, 225, 255
damaging to southern economy, 219, 220
and repression of the mafia, 247-8, 253, 259
fatalism. 12, 20, 46, 118-9, 122, 124-30, 145, 149, 252, 281, 282
see also agency
feudalism, abolition of feudalism, 6-7, 8-9, 19, 29-32, 40, 104, 181-3, 280
folklore, popular culture, 8, 9, 14—6, 35, 51, 141-2, 249, 281-2
in interaction with élite culture, 15-6, 142, 150-1, 159-60, 165-72, Chapter 8, passim
revolutionary potential of. 14—6, 142, 166, 282
see also peasantry
Fortunato, Giustino, 45, 51, 64, 70-71, 74 n. 27, 88, 90
Foucault, Michel, 92 n.2
Franchetti, Leopoldo, 10, Chapter 2, passim: 77, 135, 253, 280-1
Freud, Sigmund, 142, 177
gender, gendered representations, 1, 10-1, 17, 69-70, 102, 107-8, 127, 129, 170, 253-4, 256
Gerschenkron, Alexander, 41, 205
Gladstone, William, 5-6, 44-6
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 177, 269
Gramsci, Antonio, 13—9, 27, 127, Chapter 6 passim; 166-7, Chapter 8 passim; 205-6, 208, 257-8, 282, 286
Gribaudi, Gabriella, 2, 219, 232
hegemony as Gramscian concept, 15-6, 136-7. 142-3, 151, 167
“historic bloc,” 14, 27, 135, 138, 140, 187, 205, 212-4, 283, 286
critique of concept, 19, 207, 212, 220
homogeneity of South overdrawn, 7, 15, Chapter 3, passim; 220; 271
argument for “many Souths”, 19-20, 28, 208, 213-4, Chapter 10, passim: 267-8, 274, 274-5 n. 1, 281, 283-4
honor, see gender, gendered representations
Idealism, 11, 136, 184—5
illiteracy, see poverty
immigration, 1, 2, 269-70, 288 see also demographic indices
imperialism (British, French, United States), 4, 5-6, 10, 17-8, 99-100, 268, 286
imperialism (Italian), 10, 21, 114, 181, 287
see also colonialism
industrialization, industrialism, 29-30, 39-41, 47, 82, 86, 91, 227, 240 n. 2
associated with consumerism, 264-6, 282
associated with demise of magic, local culture, 159, 194, 265, 281-2
as distinct, in Italy, from urbanization, 141—2
small firms and problem of trust, 238—9
intellectuals, Southern Italian intelligentsia, 8-16, Chapter 1, passim·, 139, 141, 144—6, 148, 150, 182-4
detachment from the people, 31, 53, 139-45, 147-8, 150-1, 167, 184-5, 266
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Neapolitan Kingdom, 5, 7—9, Chapter 1, passim; 81, 210
Lampedusa, Tornasi de, 11—2, Chapter 5 passim; 281
land tenure system, 14, 39, 40, 42-3, 58, 104, 140, 152 n.1, 164-5
landlord power, domination, 9, 30, 42, 46, 57-8, 63, 65, 129, 182, 248, 251, 266
landlords and rural unrest, 29, 42-3, 58, 77, 146, 217-8, 257, 266
latifundia, argument for flexibility of, 19, 213—4
sharecropping, smallholding, 57—8, 63—4, 210
see also land reform, peasantry
land reform, 29, 43, 104, 227, 240-1 n. 4
latifundia, latifundism, see land tenure system
la miseria, see poverty
lazzari, see revolution and counter-revolution
Lega Nord, Northern separatism, 1—3, 28, 225, 227, 241 n.11, 286-7
see also Bossi. Umberto, regional separatism
Lombroso, Cesare, 10, 17, 88-90, Chapter 4, passim; 149, 281
mafia, the, 55-57, 65, 112, 135, 206, 217-9, Chapter 11, passim; 271, 284
and politics, 2, 20, 126, 218-9, 220, 250-1, 252-3, 255
under fascism, 247-8, 253, 259
see also corruption
magic, 16, 158, 160, 163-4, 167-8, 171, Chapter 8, passim
malaria, see poverty
Marxism, 13-5, 43, 136, 139-41, 146, 150, 152-3 n.8, 162, 165, 170, 262, 287
Meridionalism, meridionalists, 9, Chapter 2, passim; 77, 90, 135, 138, 140, 171, 205-6
“new meridionalists,” 28, 94 n. 16, 208, 221 n. 2, 283
middle class, southern bourgeoisie, 8-9, 28-31, 159, 194, 210-1, 212-6, 218-9
dependence on state employment, 215—6, 217
entrepreneurial middle class, weakness of, 30, 39, 44, 124, 159, 194, 210-16, 218-9, 220, 283
modernization theory, 6, 15, 158-60, 172 n. 2, 206-7
modernization processes in southern Italy, 209-11, 220, 268, 284
modernism, postmodernism, 261—4
Niceforo, Alfredo, 11, 12, 88-9, Chapter 4, passim
’ndranghetta, 245
Nitti, Francesco Saverio, 135
Northern Question, 20, 28, 41, 149-50, 212, 216-8, 285-6
Occidentalism, 12, 20-1
organized crime, see camorra*,* ’ndranghetta, mafia
Orientalism, 5, 8, 17, 20—1, 117—8
Ortiz, Fernando, 16-7
patronage, see clientelism
peasantry, Southern Italian peasants, 14—5, 18, 30, 42-3, 53, 57-9, 63-5, 138-9, 145-8, 166-70, 180-2
peasantry in ìndia, 17-8
revolutionary potential of, 18, 43, 145
see also agency, folklore, land tenure system, poverty, revolutionaries
Pirandello, Luigi, Pirandellian, 246, 247, 249, 255-6, 261-2, 272-3, 275 n. 2, 281
Pizzorno, Alessandro, 12—3, 153 n.11
Positivism, 10-1, 77-8, 82, 85, 89-90, 101, 113, 124-5, 136
poverty, 9, 28, 52-6, 65, 89, 135, 152 n. 5
and degradation, “miseria”, 14, 54-6, 65, 118, 129, 147
and illiteracy, “ignorance”, 30, 39, 45-6, 52, 59-60, 100
and poor health, 39, 45-6, 100, 262-3
and underdevelopment, “backwardness”, 1, 30, 45-6, 158-9, 170, 206
see also peasantry
“presence,” philosophy of, 16, 161-3, 167—71, 172-3 n. 7, 190-1. 196, 199 n.14, 282-3
protectionism, see trade, economic liberalism
Protestantism, 178, 181—2, 192, 198 n. 8, n. 11
Putnam, Robert D., 6-7, 13, 19, 21, 90, 216, 228-30, 241 n. 7, n. 11
race, racism, 3, 10-1, 85, 88-90, Chapter 4, passim; 149, 179-80, 186, 245-7, 280-1
anti-racism, 11-2, 111-2, 149, 251, 281
race-mixing, 100, 104—5, 109
racial categories in literature, 127-9
see also body types, Colajanni
regional separatism, regional nationalism, 2-3, 18
see also Lega Nord
relativism, cultural relativism, 15, 17, 162-3, 282
religion, popular religion. 15-6, 17, 124, 166—72; Chapter 8, passim; 282
Restoration, of the Bourbon monarchy (1815), 8-9, 31, 215-6
revolutions, uprisings, 5, 17-8, 30-2, 37, 53,
164 5, 217-8, 257-8, 272-3
counter-revolutions, 14, 30-2, 43—6, 143
Neapolitan uprising (1848), 8—9, 35, 41-6
French Revolution, 8, 29
Paris Commune, 9, 53, 77
Bolshevik revolution, 138
revolutionaries, images of, 14, 18, 121-2, 138, 145-6, 148, 180, 257-8
see also peasantry
Risorgimento, Unification of Italy, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 59-60, 100, 109, 127, 182
special problem for the South, 13, 52-4, 104, 123, 135, 218-20
failure to build consensus, 52—3, 135-6, 139-40, 146, 153 n.11
turning point in discourse on the South, 8-9, 27, 77-87, 125
Romanticism, 9, 31, 34-6, 41—2, 119
Rossi Doria, Manlio, 28, 165, 213
Said, Edward, 5, 117
Salvemini, Gaetano, 51, 71 n. 3, 127, 135-6, 138, 152 n. 1, 208, 215
Sciascia, Leonardo, 11-2, 20, Chapter 5 passim; Chapter 11, passim; 263, 279, 281, 283
secret societies, conspiracy, Carboneria, Freemasonry, 8-9, 32-5, 272-3, 286
sharecropping, smallholding, see land tenure system
Silverman, Sydel, 12-13, 232, 235
Social Darwinism, 10, 108
see also Spencer, Herbert
Social Question, the, see poverty
Socialism; Socialist Party, 106-7, 136, 165, 179, 237
Sonnino, Sidney, 51, 61—4, 68, 73-4 n.18, n. 25, 77, 135
Spencer, Herbert, 10, 108
statistics, 8, 10, 37, Chapter 3, passim; 112
State, “weakness” of in South, 19, 140, 211, 216, 218, 258, 284
see also civil society
sulphur mines, Sicilian, 56-7, 250
Tarrow, Sidney, 13, 152 n. 1, 229-30, 241 n. 7, n. 11
theater, 8, 29, 35-6, 124
trade, economic liberalism, 6, 13, 19, 27—9, 39-40, 135, 209, 280
tariff policy, protectionism, 27, 41, 44, 135-6, 138, 212-4, 219, 220
volatility of export markets, 19, 209, 213-4, 283
travel, tourism, the Grand Tour, 3, 4, 62-5, 142, 177-8, 269
unemployment, see poverty
underdevelopment, see development
Verga, Giovanni, 11—12, 51, Chapter 5 passim; 209, 247, 255, 257, 274, 281
Vico, Giambatista, 31, 144, 146
Villari, Pasquale, 9, 33, 35, Chapter 2, passim; 77, 80, 135, 152 n. 1, 153 n. 10, 215, 280-1
Weber, Max, 99, 177-8
Wolf, Eric R., 166, 186