Valentia (Valencia), 470
Valentinian I (Flavius Valentinianus), Roman emperor in the West (321-375), 665
Valentinus, Alexandrian heretic (fl. 160), 604
Valerian (Caius Publius Licinius Valerianus), Roman emperor (?-260), 340, 629, 650
Valerian Way, 78
Valerii, Roman clan, 21, 364
Valerius Maximus, historian (fl. 1st century), 352, 471-472
Vandals, 358, 638, 639, 670
Van Dyke, Sir Anthony, Flemish painter (1599-1641), 354
Van Gogh, Vincent (1853-1890), 355
Vardar (anc. Axius), 630
Varro, Caius Terentius, consul and general (fl. 216 B.C.), 50
Varro, Marcus Terentius, scholar and writer 116-26 B.C.), 60, 146, 159-160, 193, 238, 308, 379, 456, 509
Varus, Publius Quintilius, governor (?-9 A.D.), 218, 543
Varus, Quintilius, noble (?-42 B.C.), 203
Vasari, Giorgio, Italian artist and biographei of artists (1511-1574), 349
vases, see ceramics
Vatican (hill), 12, 340, 578
Vatican, the, 348*, 349, 350, 407
vault, 339, 355-361, 529, 661, 671
vehicles, 323, 341
Veii (Isola Farnese), 6, 10, 17;
war with (405-396 B.C.), 24, 36, 62, 344
Velia, 455
Velitrae (Veletri), 200
venereal disease, 268, 313
Veneti, 454-455
Venetia, 454, 461
Venice, 429, 455, 516
Venus, 12, 61, 82, 148-149, 152, 167, 193, 204, 239, 241, 253, 254, 255, 256, 346, 468, 487, 510, 511, 548;
Venus Genitrix, 349;
Venus Pompeiana, 458
Venus, Temple of, 196
Venus and Mars, Temple of, see Pantheon
Venus and Roma, Temple of, 421
Venusia (Venosa), 78, 244, 455, 546
Veratius, Lucius, slaveowner (2nd century), 404
Verbanus, Lacus, see Maggiore, Lago
Vercellae (Vercelli), battle in 101 B.C., 120
Vercingetorix, Gallic chief of the Arverni (?-45 B.C.), 176-177
Verona, 11, 78, 154, 155, 410, 429, 454, 628
Verres, Caius Cornelius, governor (?-43 B.C.), 92, 141, 462, 464
Versailles, 345
versification, 74, 98, 99, 155, 295;
of Lucretius, 148, 154;
of Catullus, 155-158;
of Virgil, 236, 238, 243;
of Horace, 244-248;
of Tibullus, 253;
of Ovid, 254, 256-258;
of Statius, 316;
of Martial, 317, 318;
of Juvenal, 439
Verulamium (St. Albans), 476
Verus, Lucius Aurelius (Lucius Ceionius Commodus Verus), Roman emperor (127-169), 422, 426-428, 430
Verus, Lucius, friend of Hadrian (?-138), 421, 422
Vespasian (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus), Roman emperor (9-79), 234, 271, 284-288, 290, 301, 309, 311, 312, 313, 322, 336, 337, 341, 345, 348, 351, 358, 361, 365, 368, 378, 383, 396, 402, 407, 409, 461, 489, 516, 544, 546, 575
Vespillo, Quintus Lucretius (fl. 1st century), 370
Vesta, 12, 58, 61, 518;
House of, see Aedes Vestae;
Temple of, 4, 635
Vestal Virgins, 61, 63, 94, 133, 142, 199, 202, 206, 290, 348, 351, 370, 388, 397, 622;
Palace of, see Atrium Vestae
Vesuvius, 137, 289, 346, 352, 456, 457
veterinarians, 313
Vettii, House of, 352-353
Vetulonia, 17*
viaducts, 326
Victor I, Roman Pope (ca. 190-198), 617
Victor, Sextus Aurelius, writer (fl. 4th century), 641
Victory, 627;
Temple of, 94
Victory Hill, see Clivus Victoriae
Vicus Lorarius, 342
Vicus Margaritarius, 342
Vicus Sandalarius, 342
Vicus Vitrarius, 342
Vienna (anc. Vindobona), 78, 324, 346, 432, 480, 633
Vienne, 49, 649
Villa Item, 354
Villanova, 5;
culture, 5, 9;
migrants from, 11
villas, see mansions
Viminal, 12*, 340, 342
Viminal Gate, 263
Vinci, Leonardo da, Italian artist (1452-1519), 220, 232, 356
Vindex, Caius Julius, legate of Gallia Lugdunensis (fl. 1st century), 283, 473
Vindobona, see Vienna
Vindonissa (Windisch), 480
vineyards, 320, 344, 456, 464, 473, 535, 631, 639
Vipsania Agrippina, daughter of Agrippa (fl. 1st century B.C.), 230, 259
Virbius (“King of the Woods”), 62
Virgil (Publius Vergilius [or Virgiliusl Maro), poet (70-19 B.C.), 3, 8, 60, 61, 74, 98, 102, 154, 155, 157, 158, 205, 215, 225, 233, 234, 235-244, 245, 248, 250, 251, 252, 258, 278, 283, 307, 348, 382, 438, 441, 454, 456, 625, 671
Virgin, 236-237
Virginia, daughter of Lucius Virginius (5th century B.C.), 23, 72
Virginius, Lucius, plebeian (5th century B.C.), 23
Virgo, 298
Viriathus, Lusitanian leader (fl. 2nd century B.C.), 87
Viroconium (Wroxeter), 477
Virtue, 358;
Temple of, 358
Virtutibus, De (Cicero), 163*
Visigoths, 670
Vistula, 478
vitalism, 507
Vitellius (Aulus Vitellius Germanicus), Roman emperor (15-69), 268, 284-285, 287
Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus, architect and engineer (1st century B.C.), 9, 343*, 356
vivisection, 504-505, 506
Voconia, lex, 224, 399
Volga (anc. Rha), 669
Volney, Comte de, Constantin François de Chasseboeuf, French skeptical author (1757-1820), 553
Vologases III, King of Parthia (fl. 2nd century), 428
Vologases IV, King of Parthia (?-209), 530
Vologases V, King of Parthia (?-227?), 530
Volscians, 15, 35, 36, 37, 326*
Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de, French writer (1694-1778), 99, 131, 154, 225, 244, 304, 495, 497, 553
vote buying, 128-129, 192
vows, 64-65, 311, 606
Vulcan, 59, 63
Vulci, 9
Vulso, Cnaeus Manlius, general (fl. 2nd century B.C.), 88