Baal (Bel), 45, 390, 511, 606, 623-625, 639;
Baal-Haman, 41, 42, 47;
Baal-Moloch, 41
Baalbek, see Heliopolis
Babylonia or Babylon, 7, 9, 88, 133, 308, 322, 374, 538, 540, 546, 549, 588
Babylon, whore of, 593
Babylonian Captivity, 545
Bacchae (Euripides), 178, 529
Baachanalia, 94
Bacchantes, 204
Bacchus, 94, 164, 347, 354, 511; see also Dionysus
bachelors, 68, 224, 237, 250, 363
Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans, English philosopher and statesman (1561-1626), 304
Baedeker, Karl, German publisher of guidebooks (1801-1859), 324
Baetica (Andalusia), 216, 470
Bagradas (Medjerda) River, 39, 464-465
Baiae (Baja), 133, 135, 185, 266, 370, 377, 422, 456
Balbinus (Decimus Caelius Balbinus), Roman emperor (?-238), 628
Balbus, Lucius Cornelius, consul (fl. 1st century B.C..), 191, 192, 195, 333, 340, 360
Balbus and Ollius, banking firm, 331
Balearic Islands, 40, 42, 470
Balkans, 431, 483, 519, 630, 638, 669
ballet, 378-379, 487
Baltic Sea, 478
Balzac, Honoré de, French novelist (1799-1850), 412
banking, 79-80, 88, 111, 130, 169, 323, 331-332, 336, 499, 514, 515, 536, 671
bankruptcy, 58, 79, 111, 192, 331-332, 396
baptism, 558, 560, 577, 598, 600, 618, 649, 658, 664
barbarian invasions, 174-178, 188, 294, 406, 424, 428-429, 431, 448-449, 480-481, 507, 627-633, 638-639, 644, 650, 665-670
Barcino (Barcelona), 470
Bar Cocheba, Simeon, Jewish rebel leader (?-135), 542, 548, 549
Bardesanes, Syrian heretic (fl. 200), 604
Barnabas, Joses, apostle, 582-583, 590, 603
Basilica Aemilia, 92
Basilica Julia, 267
Basilica Porcia, 92
basilicas, 92-93, 130, 219, 340, 345, 355, 362, 465, 466, 476, 477, 480, 511, 601, 618-619, 661-662, 671
Basilica Ulpia, 411
Basilides, Alexandrian heretic (fl. 117), 604
Bassa, 317
Batanea, 535
Bath, see Aquae Salis bathing, 81, 343, 344, 345, 374-375, 459, 477, 599, 624; see also watering places
baths, public, Carthaginian, 40, 465;
Roman, 81, 219, 220, 277, 289, 290-291, 317, 327, 343, 355, 356-357, 359-360, 362, 363, 374-376, 412, 418, 440, 459, 460-461, 465, 466, 473, 474, 476, 477, 480, 509, 511, 512, 515, 548, 623, 627, 635, 661
Bathyllus of Alexandria, artist in pantomime (fl. end of 1st century B.C..), 378
Baucalis, 658
Baucis, 256
Bauer, Bruno, German theologian (1809-1882), 554
Baur, Ferdinand Christian, German Protestant theologian (1792-1860), 553-554
beards, 415, 471, 529
Beaumarchais, de (Pierre Auguste Caron), French dramatist (1732-1799), 101
Beauvais (anc. Caesaromagus), 471*, 474
Beersheba, 535
Beethoven, Ludwig van, German composer (1770-1827), 381
Behistun inscription, 528
Belgae, 175
Belgica, see Gaul, Belgic
Belgium, 36, 329
Belgrade (anc. Singidunum), 480
Bellerophon, 10
Bellona, 62, 447
Bellovaci, 471*
Beloch, Karl Julius, German historian in Italy (1854-1929), 333, 364
Benacus, Lacus, see Garda, Lago di
Benedicta, 426
Benefits, On (Seneca), 302
Beneventum (Benevento), 37, 38, 78, 410, 440, 455
Ben-Giora, Simon, Jewish hero (fl. 1st century), 404
Berenice, Jewish queen (28?-?), 288
Berenice (Benghazi), 499
Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, Irish philosopher (1685-1753), 310
Berlin, 350
Beroea (Aleppo), 512
Beroea (Verria), 583, 585
Berytus (Beirut), 510, 511, 534, 545
Bethar, 548
Bethlehem, 535, 558, 663
Bethsaïda, 535
betrothal, 68, 369, 374
Bible, 539-542, 553, 555, 578, 598, 599, 606, 613*, 614, 615, 616, 618, 658
bibliotheca, 343, 344
Bibliotheca Ulpiana, 635
Bibracte (near Autun), 175
Bibulus, Marcus Calpurnius, politician (?-48 B.C..), 171-172, 196
Bilbilis (Bámbola), 316, 318
biography, 160, 269, 433-434, 442, 483-484, 635, 662-663
birth control, 56, 88, 90, 132, 134, 158, 193, 211, 222-225, 232, 286, 363-364, 438, 483, 487, 505, 606, 666
bisexuality, 132, (Caesar’s) 168, (Antony’s) 199, 246, 253, (Domitian’s) 290, (Martial’s) 317-318, (Horace’s) 369, (Commodus’) 447, (Meleager’s) 509, (Greek Anthology) 510
Bithynia, 55, 120, 140, 155, 157, 167, 170, 216, 276, 366, 441, 516, 518-519, 521, 578, 630, 636, 653, 659;
Bithynia-Pontus, 520
Bicuriges, 471*
Black (Euxine) Sea (anc. Pontus Euxinus), 112, 157, 194, 217, 232, 256-257, 275, 291, 329, 418, 480, 483, 516, 517, 518, 520, 528, 629, 630
Black Stone of Pessinus, 513
Blandina, Gallic Christian martyr (?-177), 649
Blissful Groves, 241
Blossius, Caius, Greek philosopher (fl. 2nd century B.C..), 113, 516
Blue Glass Vase, 347
Boadicea or Boudicca, Queen of the Iceni in Britain (?-6i), 476
Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian novelist (1313-1375). 258
Boeotia, 310, 483
Bohemia, 406, 431, 432
Boii, 49
Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, French poet, satirist, and critic (1636-1711), 249*
Boissier, Marie Louis Gaston, French historian, critic, and archaeologist (1823-1908), 441
Bolingbroke, Henry Saint-John, Viscount, English statesman and political writer (1678-1751), 553
Bologna (anc. Felsina, later Bononia), 5, 11, 78, 455
Bona Dea, 59, (feast of) 65, 172
books, 158, 234, 267, 269, 333, 346
bookshops, 234, 342
Bordeaux (anc. Burdigala), 324, 470, 473
Borghese Gladiator, 453
Borysthenes (Dnieper), 521
Boscoreale, 346, 459
Bosporus, kingdom of, 219, 413, 629
Bosporus (strait), 483, 518-519
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, French Bishop of Meaux, and pulpit orator (1627-1704), 662, 663
Boston Museum, 259
Bostra (Basra), 508, 535, 602
Botticelli, Sandro (Alessandro Filipepi), Italian painter (1447?-1510), 354
Boulogne (anc. Gesoriacum), 324, 653
bourgeoisie, 88, 89, 116, 171, 286, 343, 633
Bourges, see Avaricum
boxing, in Etruria, 7;
in Rome, 90, 99, 377, 382
Boy, 351
Brahman, 610
Brahmans, 526, 536, 608
Brahmanism, 537
Bramante, Donato d’Agnolo, Italian architect and painter (1444-1514), 661
bread, see grain
Brenner Pass, 454, 480
Brevity of Life, On the (Seneca), 302
bridges, 17, 77, 176, 266-267, 324, 326, 336, 410, 411, 455, 470, 473, 474, 627, 671
Briseis, 354
Britain, 40, 176, 234, 270-271, 288, 291, 302, 322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 366, 413, 417, 428, 470, 471, 472, 475-477, 479, 602, 620, 622, 633, 638, 641, 651, 669
Britanni, 475
Britannicus, son cf Claudius and Messalina (42-55), 273-275
British Empire, 406
British Museum, 347, 350, 351
Britons, 176
Bronze, Age of, 471
bronzework, 9-10, 18, 82, 227, 346, 349-351, 359, 420, 443, 457, 459-460, 469, 510
brothels, see prostitution
Brothers Pettius, banking firm, 332
Brumalia, 512
Brundisium (Brindisi), 78, 97, 125, 170, 173, 183, 184, 200, 205, 239, 244, 325, 326, 410, 455, 602
Bruttians, 35, 37, 51
Bruttium, 53
Brutus, Decimus Junius, commander (?-43 B.C..), 177, 197, 200, 201
Brutus, Lucius Junius (fl. 6th century B.C..), consul, 16, 17, 196, 197
Brutus, Marcus Junius, politician (85-42 B.C..), 130, 161, 185-186, 189, 194, 196-204, 211, 244, 426, 448, 482, 484, 513, 583
Brutus (in Martial), 318
Bubastis, 498
Budapest, 480
Buddhism, 537, 559
building materials, 356-357, 420, 477, 533, 635
building trades, 322
Bulgaria, 480
bullfights, in Etruria, 6;
in Crete and Thes-saly, 384;
in Rome, 385
bureaucracy, 191, 215, 220, 270-271, 275, 409, 416, 448, 498, 640, 642-645, 665, 668
Burgundy, 473
Burrus, prefect of the Praetorian Guard (fl. ist century), 273, 275, 276
Bury, John Bagnell, Irish historian (1861-1927), 273*
business, see trade
buttress, 635, 661
Byblus, 39, 534
Byron, George Gordon, sixth Baron, English poet (1788-1824), 249*
Byrsa, 41, 465
Byzantine Empire, 419, 641
Byzantinism, 641