Abeona, 59
abortion, 211, 222, 313, 363-364, 396-397, 479, 505, 598, 666
About Nature, see Physeos, Peri
Abraham, 626, 662
absentee landlordism, 77, 233, 311, 631
Abstinents, 605
Abtolim, Jewish rabbi (fl. 1st century B.C.), 538
Ab Urbe Condita (Livy), 250-252
Academic, see Platonic
Academica (Cicero), 163*
Academy, Plato’s, 421, 489, 495, 497
Acca Larentia (Lupa), nurse of Romulus and Remus, 12
Accius, tragic dramatist (170-? B.C..), 98
Achaea, 216, 424, 482
Achaean League, 86
Achaemenids, 507, 528, 529, 641
Acheron, 147, 238, 389
Achillas, Egyptian general (fl. 1st century B.C..), 187
Achilleid (Statius), 316
Achilles, 37, 100, 353, 354, 381
Acropolis, 487
Acta Diurna, 172, 382, 435, 447
Acta Senatus, 435
Acte, Claudia, mistress of Nero (1st century), 277, 284
acting, in Etruria, 18;
in Rome, 18, 73-74, 83, 99, 223, 265-266, 278-279, 283, 378-379, 428
Actium (naval battle, 31 B.C..), 128, 139, 207, 208, 217, 218, 219, 241, 358, 434, 442, 465, 482
Acts of the Apostles, The, 403, 554, 556, 573, 575-595
Acts of the Martyrs, 648, 652
Adam, 588-589, 509
Addison, Joseph, English essayist and poet (1672-1719), 304
Adelphi (Terence), 101
Aden (anc. Adena), 325, 508
Adige (anc. Athesis), 454
administration, of Caesar, 190-194;
of Augustus, 215-217;
of Claudius, 270-271;
of Nero, 275-276;
of Vespasian, 287-288;
of Domitian, 291;
under the Principate, 293, 328, 330, 344, 391, 434;
of Trajan, 409, 441;
of Hadrian, 414-416, 419-420;
of Antoninus Pius, 422-424;
of Commodus, 447-448;
of Alexander Severus, 626-627;
of Gallienus, 629;
of Diocletian, 639-645;
of Constantine, 664;
monarchic, 668-669
Adonis, 256, 523, 553, 595
Adoptionists, 605
Ad Pisones (Horace), 249
Adramyttium, 518
Adria (anc. Hadria, or Atria), 11, 414
Adrian of Tyre, Greek rhetorician (ca. 112 ca. 192), 488-489
Adrianople (anc. Adrianopolis), 483, 655, 670
Adriatic Sea, 37, 47, 50, 157, 183, 184, 203, 207, 232, 324, 325, 414, 455, 480, 496, 602
Aduatici, 175
adultery, 69, 134-135, 144, 157, (Caesar’s) 168-169, 202, 211, 222-224, 229, 230-232, 248, 253, 255, 272-273, 274, 279, 290, 293, 297-298, 302, 312, 363, 369-370, 396, 424, 430, 438, 479, 485, 495, 529, 562, 599, 618, 621, 622
Adversus Haereses (Irenaeus), 612
Aebutia, lex, 401
Aedes Vestae, 359
aediles, 22, 28, 29*, 74, 82, 99, 328, 336, 369
Aedui, 174-175, 177
Aegatean (Aegadean) Isles, 45
Aegean Sea, 139, 157, 429, 514, 592, 602, 630
Aelia Capitolina, see Jerusalem
Aelianus, Claudius, historian (fl. 2nd century), 442
Aelius, see Aristides, Publius Aelius
Aelius, Pons, 422
Aemilia, stepdaughter of Sulla and wife of Pompey (fl. 1st century B.C..), 134
Aemilian (Marcus Julius Aemilius Aemilianus), Roman emperor (?-253), 629
Aemilian Way, 78
Aemilii, Roman clan, 21, 364
Aemilius, Pons, 340, 438
Aeneas, 12, 61, 98, 148, 167, 237, 239-241, 382, 456
Aeneid (Virgil), 225, 239-244, 254, 456
Aenesidemus of Cnossus, Greek Skeptic (1st century), 494
Aequi, 36
aerarium, 220
Aeschines, Athenian orator (389-314 B.C..), 95
Aeschylus, Greek dramatist (525-456 B.C..), 258
Aesculapius, 62, 75, 311, 487, 526
Aesopus, Claudius, tragic actor (fl. 1st century B.C..), 133, 160, 378
Aethiopica (Heliodorus), 636-637
Aetna, 265
Aetolian League, 85
Afranius, politician (?-46 B.C..), 129, 185
Africa, 38, 39, 40, 53, 54, 78, 85, 105, 106-107, 111, 112, 119, 123, 138, 183, 189, 190, 203, 216, 237, 246, 297, 308, 313, 320, 322, 326, 328-329, 336, 346, 347, 356, 366, 413, 417, 418, 431, 441, 442, 455, 464-466, 468, 470, 475, 499, 513, 523, 602, 603, 606, 613, 618, 621, 628, 631, 633, 636, 658, 659, 669-670
Africanus, Sextus Julius, Christian historian (?-232), 555
Against Apion (Josephus), 500, 546
Against Catiline (Cicero), 142
Against Celsus (Origen), 606, 615
agape, 386, 597-598
Agathocles, Tyrant of Syracuse (361?-289 B.C..), 42
ager publicus, 76, 113-114, 116, 121, 171, 287, 320, 336
Aglibol, 511
Agnus Dei, 578-579
Agricola, Cnaeus Julius, governor (37-93), 288, 291, 433-434, 435-436, 476
Agricola (Tacitus), 433-434, 435-436
agriculture, Carthaginian, 39-40, 42;
under Rome, 54, 76-77, 103-104, (agrarian revolt) 111-127, 190, 192, 211, 235, 237-239, 311, 319-321, 338, 348, 410-411, 448, 464, 473, 474, 476, 478, 483, 498, 522, 528-529, 535, 631-633, 644, 665, 668, 671
Agrigentum (Girgenti), 52, 112, 464
Agrippa, King of Chalcis (30-100), 586-587
Agrippa, Herod, King of the Jews (reigned 41-44), 543
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, general (63-12 B.C..), 205, 207, 212, 214, 215, 219-220, 230-232, 263*, 308, 340, 359, 375, 420, 474
Agrippa, Baths of, 290, 340, 359, 375
Agrippina, wife of Germanicus (?-33 A.D.), 262-265, 273
Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero (?-59), 263*, 272, 273-275, 277, 279, 280, 302, 479
Ahenobarbi, Domitii, Roman family, 274
Ahenobarbus, Cnaeus Domitius, father of Nero (fl. 1st century), 273, 274, 282, 334
Ahriman, 524
Ahura-Mazda, 524, 529
Aisne (anc. Axona), 175
Akiba ben Joseph, Jewish rabbi (40-138), 547-549
Alalia, battle of (535 B.C..), 7
Alaric, King of the Visigoths (376?-410), 670
Alba Longa, 11, 12, 241, 344
Alban hills, 77, 82
Albania, in Asia, 413
Alban poetry contest, 316
Albinus, procurator of Judea (fl. 1st century), 543
Albinus, Clodius, rival of Septimius Severus for emperorship (?-192), 621
Alcaeus, Greek lyric poet (620-580 B.C..), 247
Alcibiades, Athenian politician and general (450-404 B.C.), 147
Alciphron, Greek letter writer (fl. 180), 488
Alcmaeon, 278
Alcmena, 93, 100
Alcon, surgeon (fl. 1st century), 312
Aldobrandini, Villa, 454*
“Aldobrandin” Wedding, 354
Alemanni, 175, 627, 629, 638
Alesia (Alise Ste.-Reine), 177
Alexander the Great, King of Macedon (356-323 B.C..), 28, 37, 39, 169, 194, 208, 218, 226, 302, 413, 500, 557*, 623, 636, 641
Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria (fl. 4th century), 658-660, 662
Alexander, son of Herod the Great (?-6 B.C..), 534
Alexander of Abonoteichus, Greek worker of miracles (fl. 1st century), 525-526
Alexander Severus (Marcus Alexianus Bassi-anus Aurelius Severus Alexander), Roman emperor (208?-235), 375, 623, 625-627, 628, 634, 635, 645, 650
Alexander Severus, Baths of, 375
Alexandria, 93, 155, 158, 159, 186, 187-188, 190, 204, 206, 207, 211, 218, 234, 253, 266, 280, 291, 299, 312, 323, 325, 326, 329, 331, 339, 347, 352, 355, 356, 368, 374, 378, 380, 386, 389, 419, 431, 465, 494, 498-506, 508, 516, 521-522, 544, 545, 546, 604, 608, 611, 613, 615, 623, 626, 630, 634, 635, 650, 658-659, 660*, 666
Alexandria, library of, 188, 291, 516, 635
Alexandria, Museum of, 415, 419
Alexandria Issi (Alexandretta), 513
Alexandrian style, 361
Alexandria Troas, 516, 583, 602
Alfieri, Vittorio, Count, Italian dramatist (1749-1803), 3
algebra, 633-634
Alighieri, Dante, Italian poet (1265-1321), 8, 240, 243, 422, 437, 671
alimenta, 407, 411, 427, 461, 666
Allia (battle, 390 B.C..), 36
alphabet, Latin, 73, 269
Alps, 3, 5, 6, 11, 36, 47, 48-49, 53, 87, 118, 119, 137, 175, 178, 324, 429, 454, 474, 602, 628, 640, 654, 670
Altamira, 468
Altar of the Augustan Peace, see Ara Pacis Augustae
Altinum, 461
Amasea (Amasia), 520
Amastris (Amasra), 157, 520
Ambarvalia (Feast of the Arval Brotherhood), 59, 66
Ambiani, 175, 471*
Ambracia (Arta), 92
Ambracian Gulf (Gulf of Arta), 207
America, 132, 307, 352
America, Latin, 671
American Revolution, 192, 670
Amhaarez, 562
Amicitia, De (Cicero), 163*
Amiens (anc. Samarobriva, later Ambiani), 471*
Amisus (Samsun), 520
Amiternum, 455
Ammianus Marcellinus, historian (fl. 4th century), 322*, 365, 380, 402, 471, 504
Amores (Ovid), 254
amphitheaters, 82, 90, 111, 133, 277, 355, 359-361, 362, 378, 383-387, 410, 454, 455, 456, 459, 460-461, 465, 466, 474, 508, 512, 532, 612-613, 648, 649, 653
Amphitryon (Plautus), 100
Ampurias (anc. Emporium), 47
amulets, 60, 62, 373
Amulius, legendary usurper to the throne of Latium (8th century B.C..), 12
Amulius, painter (fl. 1st century), 352
Amyot, Jacques, French savant, and Bishop of Auxerre (1513-1593), 637
Anabasis of Alexander (Flavian), 520
Anacreon, Greek lyric poet (560?-475? B.C..), 158, 235, 247, 509
Analogy, On (Caesar), 162
Anastasius I, Roman Pope (?-401), 615
ancestor worship, 56, 59, 83-84, 226
Anchises, 240-241, 382
Ancona, 410
Ancus Marcius, fourth King of Rome (fl. 7th century B.C..), 14
Ancyra (Angora), 513
Andrew, apostle, 563
Andria (Terence), 101
Androcles, slave (dates uncertain), 385
Andromeda, 256
anesthetics, 313, 505
Anger, On (Seneca), 302
Anglo-Saxon, 477
Anicetus, Roman Pope (ca. 157-ca. 168), 617
Anicetus, courtier of Nero (fl. 1st century B.C..), 279
Anima, De (Tertullian), 613
animals, feeling for, in Lucretius, 147;
in Virgil, 238;
Pliny on, 310;
Hadrian’s, 414
animism, 60
Anio, 22
Anio Novus Aqueduct, 270
Anna, daughter of Phanuel, 542
Annales (Ennius), 98, 164
Annales (Tacitus), 434-437, 442
Anna Perenna, 65
Annas, priest (in the Bible), 571
Annona, 388
Annunciation, 558
Anthony, Saint, Egyptian founder of monachism (251-356?), 445, 657
anthropology, Lucretius on, 152-153
Antibes (anc. Antipolis), 78, 474
Anti-Cato (Caesar), 195
Antichrist, 575, 593
Antigonus, King of Judea (fl. 43 B.C..), 531
Anti-Lebanon Mountains, 511
Antinoöpolis, 419
Antinoüs, Greek favorite of Hadrian (?-122), 419, 442, 523
Antioch (Antakia), 54, 205, 280, 329, 413, 418, 428, 495, 504, 534, 546, 576, 582-583, 585, 588, 602, 608, 611, 623, 626, 629, 635, 650
Antioch (in Pisidia), 582
Antiochus III the Great, King of Syria (reigned 223-187 B.C..), 55, 86, 88, 91, 528
Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria (200?-164 B.C..), 107, 418, 487, 534, 540
Antiochus of Ascalon, Greek Platonic philosopher (fl. 1st century B.C..), 489
Antipater, son of Herod the Great (?-4 B.C..), 534-535
Antipater the Idumean, father of Herod and procurator of Judea (?-43 B.C..), 531
Antiquities of the Jews, The (Josephus), 546, 554
anti-Semitism, 546, 595
Antium (Anzio), 280, 340, 453
Antonia, mother of Germanicus and Claudius (1st century B.C..-1st century A.D.), 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 274, 371
Antonines, 324, 392, 405, 411, 437, 442, 449, 516, 620
Antoninus Pius (Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius), Roman emperor (86-161), 345, 368, 392, 395, 396, 398, 408, 421-425, 426, 427, 428, 430, 444, 511, 549, 611, 648
Antoninus, Wall of, 476
Antonius, governor (fl. ca. 190), 605
Antonius, Lucius, governor (fl. 1st century B.C..), 204-205
Antonius, Marcus (Mark Antony), Roman general (83-30 B.C..), 70, 155, 160, 161, 169, 181, 185, 188, 191, 195-208, 211, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 236, 239, 261, 265, 268, 273, 274, 309, 312, 329, 371, 372, 373, 412, 413, 418, 448, 482, 512, 516, 531, 583, 640
Antonius, Marcus, Roman general, father of Antony (fl. 1st century B.C..), 144, 160
Antonius Primus, general of Vespasian (fl. 1st century), 285, 301
Antyllus, ophthalmologist (fl. 1st century), 505
Anubis, 390
Apamea, 512, 514, 629
Apamea Celaenae, 513
Apelles, Greek painter (fl. 330 B.C..), 352, 355
Apennines, 3, 11, 50, 121, 141, 236, 253, 270, 344
Aphrodite, 512, 516
Aphrodite, Temple of (Jerusalem), 663
Aphrodite Pandemos, Temple of, 487
Apicata, divorced wife of Sejanus (?-31 A.D.), 264
Apicius, famous epicure (fl. reign of Tiberius), 376-377
Apion, Greek grammarian (fl. 1st century), 546
apocalypse, 540-542, 564-570, 575, 590-591, 592-595, 605, 616
Apocolocyntosis or Pumpkinification (Seneca), 275, 350
Apocrypha, 539-540, 559, 575*
Apollinaris Sidonius, Caius Sollius, Saint, bishop and poet (430?-482?), 473
Apollo, 8, 62, 64, 236-237, 240, 280, 351, 358, 381, 458, 513
Apollo the Healer, 62
Apollo, Temple of, 358
Apollo, Temple of (Pompeii), 459
Apollo the Healer, Temple of, 62
Apollo Belvedere, 349, 453
Apollodorus, Greek architect (fl. reign of Trajan), 411, 421
Apollodorus, attendant of Cleopatra (1st century B.C..), 187
Apollonia (near Valona), 200, 480, 482
Apollonia (in Palestine), 508
Apollonius of Athens, Greek sculptor in Rome (fl. ca. birth of Christ), 349
Apollonius of Rhodes, Greek poet and grammarian (fl. 222-181 B.C..), 241
Apollonius of Tyana, Greek philosopher (fl. 1st century), 515, 526, 622, 626
Apollonius, Life of (Philostratus), 526, 622
Apollonius Molo of Alabanda, Greek rhetorician (fl. 1st century B.C..), 141, 514
Apollo of Veii, 10
Apollo Room, 132
Apologeticus (Tertullian), 612
Apologia (Apuleius), 467
“Apologies,” 611
apostles, 556, 557, 563-565, 567, 571, 572, 575-595
Appian (Appianus), historian (fl. 2nd century), 189, 196, 197, 424, 442, 471, 518, 519
Appian Aqueduct, 29, 81, 340
Appian Way (via Appia), 29, 77-78, 138, 340, 617
Apuleius, satirist and philosopher (fl. 2nd century), 155, 299, 402, 442, 465, 466-468, 485, 487, 525, 612, 636, 637
Apulia, 50, 53, 112, 139, 244, 455
Aquae Aureliae (Baden-Baden), 480
Aquae Salis (Bath), 477
Aquae Sextiae (Aix), battle in 102 B.C.., 119
Aqua Virgo Aqueduct, 327*
aqueducts, 81, 92, 103, 220, 270, 326-328, 340, 343, 356, 410, 411, 418-419, 464, 470, 474, 509, 627
Aquila, called Ponticus, Greek-Jewish translator of the Old Testament (fl. 117-138), 614
Aquileia (Aquileja), 322, 324, 347, 429, 455, 628
Aquilia, lex, 312
Aquilius, Manius, general (?-88 B.C..), 121, 518
Aquincum, 480, see also Budapest
Aquinum, 437, 453
Aquis Urbis Romae, De (Frontinus), 328
Aquitania (Gallia Aquitanica), 472, 473
Aquyrion, 664
Arabia, 204, 217, 325, 329, 337, 346, 366, 419, 507-508, 546, 581, 602, 630
Arabia Deserta, 508
Arabia Felix (Yemen), 508
Arabia Petrea, 413, 508
Arabic, 504, 507
Arabs, 464, 470, 500, 503, 504, 507, 508, 529, 634
Aramaic, 508, 512, 529, 535, 556, 572
Ara Pacis Augustae, 225, 229, 346, 348, 349
Aratus of Soli, Greek didactic poet (315-245 B.C..), 238, 308, 584*
Arausio (Orange), 118, 119, 474
Arcadia, 101
Arcadius, Roman emperor in the East (?-408), 412
Arcesilaus, Greek sculptor in Rome (fl. 1st century B.C..), 342, 349
arch, 92, 327, 339, 340, 348, 349, 355-361, 443, 454, 455, 466*, 470, 473, 474, 511, 529, 623, 635, 662, 671
Archagathus the Peloponnesian (Carnifex), physician (fl. 219 B.C..), 75-76
Archelaus, King of the Jews (reigned 4 B.C.-A.D. 6), 535, 542-543
Archias, Aulus Licinius, Greek poet in Rome (ca. 120-? B.C..), 141, 163
Archilochus, Greek lyric poet (714?-676 B.C..), 158, 244, 246, 247
Archimedes, Greek mathematician and scientist (287?-212 B.C..), 72, 77, 503, 634
Architectural (Second) Style (painting), 353
architecture, Etruscan, 8-9, 18;
Carthaginian, 40-41, 42;
Byzantine, 421;
Parthian, 529;
under Rome, 18, 75, 81, 92-93, 133, 281, 287, 338-354 Passim, 355-362, 410, 411-413, 418-421, 442-443, (Pompeian) 458-459, 464, 465, 477, 511, 514, 515, 516, 532-533, 631, 633, 635, 661-662, 669, 671
Architecture, On (Vitruvius), 356
Archon, Peri (Origen), 614
archon basileus, 13
Ardashir I (or Artaxerxes), King of Persia (reigned 227-240), 530, 627
Ardea, 10, 16, 35
Arellius, painter (fl. end of 1st century B.C..), 352
Areopagus (Hill of Mars), 487, 584
Arescon, hermaphrodite mentioned by Pliny, 310
Aretas IV, King of Saba (9 B.C..-A.D. 40), 508
Arethusa, 256
Areus, Greek philosopher in Rome (fl. reign of Augustus), 299
Arezzo (anc. Arretium, q.v.), 9
Argentoratum (Strasbourg), 480, 633
Argiletum, The, 234
Argonautica (Apollonius of Rhodes), 241
Argos, 139, 310, 487, 630
Ariadne, 157, 256, 352
Aricia, 35, 61
Aries, 298
Ariminum (Rimini), 11, 78, 182, 455
Ariovistus, German chief (fl. 1st century B.C..), 174-175
Aristarchus of Samos, Greek astronomer (fl. 280-264 B.C..), 502
Aristides, Greek writer of romance (fl. 2nd century B.C..), 636
Aristides, Publius Aelius, surnamed Theodorus, Greek rhetorician (117-187), 328, 424, 515, 516
Aristippus, Greek philosopher (435?-356? B.C..), 494
Aristobulus II, King of Judea (reigned 67-63 B.C..), 530
Aristobulus, grandson of Hyrcanus II (1st century B.C..), 532, 534
Aristobulus, son of Herod the Great (?-6 B.C..), 534
aristocracy, in Etruria, 6, 17;
in Carthage, 40-43, 46;
under Rome, 16-17, 21-31, 34, 64, 69, 70, 76, 77, 81, 82, 85, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 103, 104, 111-208, 212, 215-216, 222, 234, 243, 251-252, 258, 260, 267, 270, 271, 279, 282, 286-287, 292, 296, 297, 313, 319, 332, 335, 348, 351, 363-364, 372, 373, 384, 409, 433, 434-435, 440, 441, 446, 449, 460, 622, 626, 628, 633, 641, 644, 670;
Cicero on, 165
Aristonicus, pretender to throne of Pergamum (?-129 B.C..), 516
Aristophanes, Greek comic dramatist (448?-380? B.C..), 74, 99
Aristotelian (Peripatetic) philosophy, 95, 432, 489-490
Aristotle, Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C..), 4, 25, 42, 79, 123, 302, 308, 311, 421, 490, 497, 506, 507, 610, 611
arithmetic, 72, 75
Arithmetica (Diophantus of Alexandria), 634
Arius, Greek priest of Alexandria, and founder of Arianism (280?-336), 658-660, 662, 663
Ark of the Covenant, 533
Arles (anc. Arelate or Arelas), 192, 474, 658
Arles, Council of, 658
Armageddon, 593
Armenia, 132, 179, 206, 217, 231, 275, 280, 320, 366, 413, 414, 517, 528, 602, 629, 630;
Lesser, 188
Arminius, chief of German tribe of Cherusci (18 B.C..-A.D. 19), 218
army, of Pyrrhus, 38;
of Carthage, 43, 46, 48, 50-51, 53, 106;
under the Republic, 33-34, 46, 49, 50-51, 53, 80, 87, 116, 118-120, 126, 178-179;
under the Principate, 216-217, 220, 232, 260, 268, 269, 271, 284-285, 292, 293-294, 330, 336, 340, 417, 429, 620-621;
under the monarchy, 621-622, 626, 628-629, 632, 633, 638-639, 641, 661, 669, 670
Arnus (Arno), 454
Arpinum (Arpino), 118, 141, 162, 453
Arretium (Arezzo), 6, 77, 322, 328, 346, 454
Arrian (Flavius Arrianus), Greek historian and philosopher (100?-170?), 418, 490, 520
Arsaces, King of Parthia (fl. ca. 248 B.C..), 528
Arsacids, 528-529, 622
Ars Amatoria (Ovid), 255
Arsinoë, 499
art, Etruscan, 5, 8-11, 18, 149, 339, 350, 359, 443;
Campanian, 37;
Greek, 92-93, 95-96, 338-339, 349, 351-361;
German, 479;
Byzantine, 512, 529;
Parthian, 529;
Christian, 601;
under the Republic, 18, 77, 92-93, 95, 102, 108, 123, 125, 132;
under the Principate, 215, 225, 233-234, 269, 277-279, 280, 291, 310, 338-362, 376, 415, 421, 442-443, 456, 459-460, 461, 511-512;
under the monarchy, 621, 629, 630, 632, 634-635, 661;
of Rome, 671, 672
Artabanus IV, King of Parthia (?-227), 529, 530
Artaxata, 528
Artemis, 63, 514, 515, 585
Artemis, Festival of, 515
Artemis, Temple of (Ephesus), 515, 518, 585, 630
Artemis, Temple of (Magnesia), 514
Artes Liberales, 342
Artibus, De (Celsus), 313
artisans, see craftsmen
“Art of Poetry, The” (Horace), see Ad Pisones
Art Poétique, L (Boileau), 249*
Arval Brotherhood, 59, 66, 73, 388
Ascalon, 508
Ascanius (Iulus), 167, 240-241
asceticism, 303, 426, 445, 490, 497, 502, 525-526, 527, 537-538, 560, 562, 577, 580, 605, 606, 607-609, 613, 615, 657, 658, 667
Asclepiades of Prusa, Greek physician in Rome (fl. 1st century B.C..), 312, 507
Asclepieum of Pergamum, 516, 518
Asclepius, see Aesculapius
Ascyltos, 297
Ashoka, Indian ruler and religious teacher (reigned 273-232 B.C..), 559*
Ashur (city), 529
Asia, 40, 60, 86, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 112, 117, 124, 134, 139, 140, 147, 157, 167, 171, 207, 211, 225, 226, 308, 324, 347, 355, 359, 366, 389, 392, 412, 423, 431, 433, 483, 508, 514, 516, 517, 518, 519, 524, 526, 540, 578, 590, 592, 606, 630, 640, 649*, 655, 659, 669
Asia Minor, 5, 8, 116, 130, 187, 216, 262, 320, 329, 364, 381, 418, 429, 431, 483, 513-516, 518, 520, 522, 578, 583, 585, 588, 592, 602-603, 605, 617, 627, 629, 632, 633, 640
“Asianic” style, 161, 169
Asiatic style, 361
Asiaticus, freedman of Vitellius (fl. 1st century), 285
Asisium (Assisi), 455
Aspasia of Miletus, consort of Pericles (470?-410 B.C..), 187, 487
Aspendus, 513
assassination as a political method, 260
Assembly, Centurial, 23-30, 33, 34, 44, 50, 52, 85, 91-92, 107, 116-117, 119, 139-140, 200, 232, 260, 265, 269, 393
Assembly, Curial, 25-26, 393, 395
Assembly, Tribal, 24, 26-28, 30, 34, 47, 91, 113-115, 121-122, 123, 126, 145, 171, 173, 179, 180, 181, 188, 191, 201, 213, 223, 232, 260, 340, 393
Assyria, 413, 414, 511
Astarte, 41
Astraea, 237*; see also Virgin
astrology, 75, 147, 164, 231, 259, 278, 292, 308, 311, 388, 415, 425, 435, 503, 512, 514, 525, 559, 621
astronomy, 75, 307-308, 309, 367-368, 472, 488, 502-503, 514
Asturae (Astura), 162
Atalanta, 256
Atargatis (dea Syria), 390, 522
Atella (Aversa), 237
Athanasius, St., Greek father of the Church (296?-373), 660, 663
atheism, in Lucretius, 147-154; 388, 485, 490, 497, 522
Athenaeum, 415
Athenaeus of Naucratis, Greek grammarian (fl. 3rd century), 325, 334, 635-636
Athenagoras, Greek philosopher (fl. 168), 611
Athene, see Pallas Athene
Athenion, leader of slave rebellion (?-101 B.C..), 121
Athenodorus Cananites of Tarsus, Greek Stoic philosopher (fl. ist century B.C..), 228
Athens, 13, 40, 68, 79, 87, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 104, 123, 124, 131, 141, 186, 203, 205, 207, 228, 234, 239, 244, 254, 300, 325, 349, 368, 389, 418, 428, 431, 432, 462, 465, 466, 482, 483, 484, 486, 487-490, 495, 504, 514, 515, 519, 520, 534, 546, 579, 583-584, 585, 604*, 621, 630, 661
athletics, in Etruria, 7;
under Rome, 72, 223, 277-279, 314, 340, 351, 360, 375, 377, 382, 430, 438, 510, 532, 625
Atlantic Ocean, 175, 217, 252, 307, 325, 326, 466, 470, 475, 514, 521
Atlas Mountains, 464
Atman, see soul
atomic philosophy, of Lucretius, 150-154; 164
Atreus, 293
atrium, 343-344
Atrium Vestae, 359, 635
Attalids, 516
Attalus, King of Perganum (reigned 241-197 B.C..), 94
Attalus III Philometor, King of Pergamum (reigned 138-133 B.C..), 114, 516
Attalus, Gallic Christian martyr (?-177), 649
Attalus, Stoic philosopher (fl. 1st century), 301
Attianus, Caelius, guardian of Hadrian (fl. end of 1st century), 414
Attica, 4, 487
Attic Nights (Aulus Gellius), 442
Attic style (art), 348, 349, 361, 635
“Attic” style (literature), 161
Atticus, Titus Pomponius, scholar and philosopher (109-32 B.C..), 130, 131-132, 159, 163, 169, 189, 202
Atticus Herodes, Tiberius Claudius, Greek rhetorician and millionaire (104?-180), 487, 515
Attila, King of the Huns (4o6?-453), 670
Attis, 94, 385, 523, 553, 588, 598
“Atys” (Catullus), 157
Aude (anc. Atax), 470
Auditoria, 312
Augsburg (anc. Augusta Vindelicorum), 324, 480
augury, 63-64, 93, 388, 435, 651
Augustales, 226
Augustalia, 649
Augustan Age, 188, 211-258, 271, 295, 297, 338, 361, 454, 533
Augusta Rauricorum (Augst), 480
Augusta Taurinorum, see Turin
Augusta Trevirorum (Trèves), 474, 635, 640
Augusta Vindelicorum, see Augsburg
Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo and father of the Church (354-430), 42, 60, 307, 465, 493, 494, 603, 606, 611
Augustonemetum (Clermont-Ferrand), 473
Augustus (Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus), Roman emperor (63 B.C..-14 A.D.), iii, 121, 128, 154, 159, 199-258, 259, 260, 262, 265, 266, 269, 270, 273, 274, 285, 286, 288, 290, 294, 299, 308, 309, 312, 319, 323, 325, 326*, 331, 335, 338, 340, 341, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 352, 356, 357, 358, 360, 363, 365*, 381, 383, 387, 388, 391, 394, 396, 397, 398, 407, 410, 411, 413, 414, 417, 419, 432, 434, 454, 455, 460, 464, 465, 469, 472, 473, 474, 478, 482, 487, 499, 508, 511, 514, 516, 528, 530, 531, 532, 543, 558, 640, 645, 663, 664
Aulis, 149
Aulularia (Plautus), 100
aurea mediocritas, 245-246, 249
Aurelia, mother of Caesar (2nd and 1st centuries B.C..), 167
Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus), Roman emperor (212?-275), 606, 628, 632, 638-639, 640, 642, 654, 664, 665
Aurelian Way, 78
Aurelius, Marcus (Marcus Annius Aurelius Antoninus), Roman emperor and philosopher (121-180), 13, 28, 97, 108, 159, 299, 322, 329, 330, 331, 335, 346, 349, 396, 398, 412, 422, 423, 424, 425-432, 442, 443-446, 447, 448-449, 460, 465, 469, 478, 480, 489, 490, 492, 495, 505, 507, 606, 611, 622, 627, 631*, 633, 645, 649, 650, 662, 665, 666
Aurelius, Severus, brother of Marcus Aurelius (fl. 2nd century), 426
Aurelius, Column of, 412, 443
Aurelius Imperator, 443
aureus, 192
Aurignacian man, 470-471
Aurora, 241, 255
Austria, 471
Austria-Hungary, 480
autobiography, Hadrian’s, 415
Autun (anc. Augustodunum), 175, 474
Auvergne, 176
Avare, L’ (Molière), 100
Avaricum (Bourses), 177, 471*, 473
Aventine, 12*, 74, 81, 117, 339-340, 360
Avernus, Lacus (Lake Averno), 220, 240, 456
Avignon (anc. Avenio), 417, 474
Aviola, Marcus Acilius, consul (fl. 1st century B.C..), 311
Aziz, 390