B.C.
813(?):
Foundation of Carthage
558:
Carthage conquers western Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, etc.
509:
Establishment of Roman Republic
508:
War with Etruscans; Horatius Cocles
500:
Hanno explores west coast of Africa
494:
First secession of the plebs; institution of the tribunate
492:
Coriolanus (?)
485:
Condemnation of Spurius Cassius
458,439:
Cincinnatus, dictator
451:
First Decemvirate
450:
The Twelve Tables
449:
Second secession of the plebs
445:
Lex Canuleia on marriage
443:
Institution of the censorship
432:
First law to check electoral corruption
396:
Romans capture Veii
390:
Sack of Rome by the Gauls
367:
Lex Licinia alleviates law of debt
343-341:
First Samnite War
340-338:
War with the Latins; dissolution of the Latin League
339:
Leges Publiliae end veto power of Senate
327-304:
Second Samnite War
326:
Lex Poetelia alleviates law of debt
321:
Romans defeated at Caudine Forks
312:
Censorship of Appius Claudius; beginning of Appian Way
300:
Lex Valeria on right of appeal; lex Ogulnia on eligibility to priesthood
298-290:
Third Samnite War
287:
Final secession of the plebs; leges Hortensiae on powers of the Assembly
283:
Rome occupies most of Greek Italy
280-275:
Pyrrhus in Italy and Sicily
280-279:
“Pyrrhic victories” at Heraclea and Asculum
272:
Rome takes Tarentum
264-241:
First Punic War
248:
Hamilcar Barca invades Sicily
241:
Carthaginian fleet defeated off Aegadian Isles; Sicily a Roman province
B.C.
241-236:
War of Mercenaries vs. Carthage
240:
First play of Livius Andronicus
239:
Carthage yields Sardinia and Corsica to Rome
237:
Hamilcar in Spain
235:
Naevius’ first play
230:
War on the Illyrian pirates
222:
Rome takes Cisalpine Gaul
221:
Hannibal commander in Spain
219-201:
Second Punic War
218:
Hannibal crosses the Alps and defeats Romans at the Ticinus and the Trebia
217:
Hannibal defeats Romans at Lake Trasimene; Fabius Maximus dictator
216:
Hannibal victorious at Cannae
215:
Treaty between Hannibal and Philip V
214:
Fl. Plautus
214-205:
First Macedonian War
212:
Romans capture Syracuse
210-209:
Scipio Africanus Major in Spain
207:
Hasdrubal defeated at the Metaurus
203:
Hannibal recalled to Africa
202:
Scipio defeats Hannibal at Zama; Quintus Fabius Pictor publishes first history of Rome
201:
Spain a Roman province
200-197:
Second Macedonian War
199:
Fl. Ennius
189:
Battle of Magnesia
186:
Suppression of the worship of Bacchus
184:
Censorship of Cato the Elder
171-168:
Third Macedonian War
168:
Battle of Pydna
167:
Polybius in Rome
160:
The Adelphi of Terence
155:
Carneades lectures in Rome
155-138:
War with the Lusitanians
150-146:
Third Punic War
147-140:
Successes of Viriathus against Rome in Spain
146:
Scipio Africanus Minor destroys Carthage; Mummius sacks Corinth; extension of Roman rule over north Africa and Greece