Input stacking

  • For general intro, see battery page.

Series connection

  • String inverters are also known as ‘central inverters’. For example, they treat the solar array as one single solar panel.
  • Disadvantage is that failure of one power source (solar panel shading) would cause a relatively big drop in voltage (possibly below the minimum starting voltage of the inverter) - MPPT may compensate to some extant. Shading of 9% of the solar array results in about 54% decrease in its power output (MPPT use unknown)!

Microinverters

  • Here, per inverter inputs are not stacked. Each power source may have its own inverter
  • Costlier than central inverters (when you add up).
  • Lower power eliminates many problems.
  • Allow mounting PV modules on different surfaces and facing different directions.
  • Can optimize performance and monitor better.
  • Safer, both to install and maintain, since avoiding wiring lots of panels in series (60V max DC voltage vs .6-1kW) eliminates the need of high voltage DC wiring. Lower probability of lightening strikes?
  • much longer durability than central inverters due to the fact that they are not exposed to such a high power and heat like central inverters. micro inverters come with a more extended warranty – 20-25 years – compared to the typical 10 years guarantee of their string counterparts.
  • High rated microinverter manufacturers include:
    • Enphase
      • (american company, albeit manufactured in China).
      • IN resources here.

Micro parallel inverters

  • A micro parallel inverter is a smart device containing four individual channels that can be connected to four separate solar panels. Each channel acts as a single micro inverter and can track the performance of its solar panel by using MPPT.