१९ परवस्तुप्रयोगः

He shall never bathe in the tanks belonging to other persons. Having bathed there, he becomes tainted with a part of the tank-digger’s sin.—(201)

निपिबन्त्य् अस्मिन्न् अतो वेति निपानं जलाशयः । स च वापीकूपतडागादिः । तस्मिन् परकीये परेण यद् आत्मार्थं कृतं सर्वार्थं नोत्सृष्टं तत्र न कदाचित् स्नायात् । नित्यं चण्डालादिस्पर्शने च नैमित्तिकं घर्मस्वेदापनोदार्थं च सर्वं स्नानं प्रतिषिध्यते । अत्र व्यतिक्रमे दोषम् आह । निपानस्य यः कर्ता तस्य यत्किंचिद् दुष्कृतं तस्य केनचिद् अंशेन भागेन लिप्यते संबध्यते । निन्दार्थवादो यं प्रैषेधशेषः ॥ ४.२०१ ॥

‘Nipāna,’— which is etymologically explained as ‘nipibanti asmin,’ or ‘nipibanti asmāt,’ — ‘in which, or from which, people drink,’—means ‘water-reservoir;’ that is, a tank, a well or a tank. And one should never bathe in any such tank as has been dug by another man for his own use, and has not been given away for the benefit of the public.

This forbids all kinds of bathing—(a) the obligatory daily bath, (b) the occasional bath necessitated by the touch of the Cāṇḍāla and such other persons, and (c) the ordinary bath taken for the relieving of heat and perspiration.

The text proceeds to point out the evil arising from the disobedience of the said prohibition he becomes ‘tainted’—contaminated—by a part of such sin as there may be of the person who dug the tank.

This is a deprecatory exaggeration, supplementing the preceding prohibition,—(201)

This verse is quoted in Vīramitrodaya (Āhnika, p. 169), which adds the following notes:—In view of the term ‘Nipānakartuḥ’ in the second line, the term ‘Parakīya’ should be taken to mean ‘made by another person’; as Kalpataru holds that ‘Parakīya’ must mean ‘made by another’,—whether consecrated or unconsecrated, since no distinction between them is made anywhere;—[This appears to be a gist of Medhātithi’s explanation of ‘Parakīya,’ for which see Translation ];—‘Nipāna’ means ‘water-reservoir.’

This verse is quoted also in Kālaviveka (p. 328), which too makes the same observations as Vīramitrodaya (just quoted).

It is quoted also in Aparārka (p. 234), which makes the remark that the tank that has been consecrated and made over to the public cannot be called ‘parakīya’; and this favours Medhātithi’s interpretation of the verse, which is supported also by what follows in the next verse;—in Smṛtikaumudī (p. 65), which explains ‘parakīya’ as ‘dug by another,’ and says it cannot mean ‘belonging to another’; as is quite clear from what is added regarding the nipānakartṛ;—in Hemādri (Śrāddha, p. 874);—in Nityācārapradīpa (p. 300), which explains ‘parakīya’ as ‘dug by others’;—and is Śuddhikaumudī (p. 324), which says that ‘Kadācana’ makes it clear that the prohibition is absolute.

Baudhāyana (2.3.5-6).—‘People should not perform their bath in water that has been dammed; a part of the merit goes to the man that built the dam. For this reason one should avoid the dams and wells built by others.’

Yājñavalkya (1.159).—‘He shall not bathe in the tanks of other persons until he has taken out five clods of earth; he shall bathe in a river or in ponds dug by the gods, in lakes, and in springs.’

Viṣṇu (63.1).—‘He shall not perform his bath in tanks belonging to others.’

Paiṭhīnasi (Vīramitrodaya-Āhnika, p. 169).—‘One shall avoid the dams and wells built by others; the builder becomes a partaker in the merit: one should bathe there after throwing in three handfuls of earth (and three jarfuls of water).’

201 Let him never bathe in tanks belonging to other men; if he bathes (in such a one), he is tainted by a portion of the guilt of him who made the tank.

By using another person’s conveyance, couch, seat, well, garden or house,—when these have not been given,—one becomes the partaker of the fourth part of that person’s sins.—(202)

यानादिनि परकीयान्य् अदत्तान्य् उपयुञ्जान एनसस् तदीयस्य तुरीयभाक् चतुर्थं भागं प्राप्नुयात् ।

• अत्र कश्चिद् आह- “अदत्तानीति वचनात् सर्वार्थतयाप्य् उपकल्पितानि नोपयोज्यानि” ।

• तद् अयुक्तम्। परकीयाधिकारात् । न च तानि परकीयानि । त्यक्तं हि तत् सम्यक् । तुरीयग्रहणम् अविवक्षितम् इति प्राग् एव व्याख्यातम् ॥ ४.२०२ ॥

If one uses the conveyance, etc., that belong to another person, and have not been given, one comes to partake of the fourth part of the sins of that person.

Some persons assert in this connection that, since the text uses the terra ‘when these hive not been given,’ what is meant is that one should not use these things when they have been assigned for public use.

This is not right; because the prohibition herein contained refers to what belongs to another person; and what 1 ms been assigned for public use does not belong to another person; since he has already renounced his proprietory right over them, in the proper manner.

The specification of the ‘fourth part’ is not meant to be emphasized; as has been already explained before.—(202)

This verse is quoted in Aparārka (p. 237).

Yājñavalkya (l.160).—‘He shall avoid beds, seats, gardens, horses and conveyances belonging to others, unless they are offered to him.’

202 He who uses without permission a carriage, a bed, a seat, a well, a garden or a house belonging to an (other man), takes upon himself one fourth of (the owner’s) guilt.