- Samvarta Saṁvarta occurs as a Smrtikāra in the list of Yājña valkya. He is cited on all topics of dharma by Viśvarūpa, Medhātithi, the Mit., Haradatta, Aparirka, the Smṛticandrikā and a host of other writers. Viśvarūpa quotes either wholly or in part about twenty verses of Samvarta on evening sandhyā vandana, on the duties of a yuti and on the prāyaścittas for theft, adultery of various kinds, deadly sius. Medhātithi quotes verses of Surivarta on Manu V. 88 and XI. 116. The Mit. quotes him on prayascitta and aśauca ( Yāj. III. 6. 17 19 etc. ). Apararka had a large work before him and quotes about 200 verses almost all on īcīra and priyuscitta.
A few of the views of Samvartu on topics of vyavahāra may be noted here. According to him oral testimony when in opposition to writing was to be discarded. 674 This is in striking agreement with section 92 of the Indian Evidence Act. He says that if houses and fields are being enjoyed ( by one person us against another ) when the king is there (i. e. when the central government is strong and there is no
673 For example 97152777 fattas Furafiteza in farasta
कृत्वा गृह्यकर्तापि शौनकः ॥ प्रीतिप्रश्नादि देवानां पूर्व कात्यायनादयः ।’ Farazo ( 11. p. 484 ); compare 91. 1. 248. ‘J hear: geta
मय॑पात्रे निवेशिताः । पितृपात्रं तदुत्तानं रुत्वा विप्रान् विसर्जयेत् ॥’. 874 लेख्य लेख्यक्रिया प्रोक्ता वाचिके वाचिकी मता । वाचिके तु न सिध्यत्सा लेख्यस्यो
परि या क्रिया ॥ लेख्यस्योपरि यत्साक्ष्यं कूटं तदाभिधीयते । अधर्मस्य हि तद् द्वारमतो राजा विवर्जयेत् । वाचिकैर्यदि सामर्थ्यमक्षराणां विहन्यते । क्रियामा gtart: FICHTETIT z orya il 3792 T pp. 601-92 and 7976 (az pp. 172–73 ), 272ER 4913 ( of gratar) p. 91.
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anarchy ), then it is possession that counts and not mere writing (i. e. possession will be protected and not mere paper title without possession ).075 He lays down that no interest was to be allowed if not stipulated for in certain cases, viz., on stridhana ( when used by the husband ), on interest, on deposit ( as long as it is not lost or deteriorated ) and in suretyship.s78_He enumerates ten wrongs ( aparādhas ) of which the king was to take cognisance suo motu without any private person’s complaint, viz., restraint of the defendant ( before judgment ), obstruction of the public road, women conceiving in adultery, becoming rich without any ostensible means, destruction of a meeting hall and of trees and crops, kidnapping of maidens, sinning Brāhmaṇas, champerty and maintenance, destruction of the roads where tolls are to be paid, the danger of robbers, rape, injury to cows and Brāh manas.077 He prescribed that disputes were not to be investi gated on the full moon and new moon day, and on the 14th and 8th tithis. ( Vide Par. M. Vol. II. p. 23 ).
In Jivananda’s collection ( part I, pp. 584-603 ) and in the Anandasrama collection (pp. 411-424) there is a smrti of Samvarta in 227 and 230 verses respectively. It purports to have been declared to Vāmadeva and other sages by Saṁvarta. Its main contents are:– that is the religious country where the black deer roam about, rules of conduct for a Brahma cārin, prāyascittag for various lapses on the part of a student,
675 भुज्यमाने गृहक्षेत्र विद्यमाने तु राजनि । भुक्तिर्यस्य भवेत्तस्य न लेख्यं तत्र
कारणम् ॥ परा. मा. III. p. 146. 876 न वृद्धिः स्त्रीधने लाभे विक्षेपे च यथास्थिते । संदिग्धे प्रातिभाव्ये च यदि न
स्यात्स्वयंकृता ।। स्मृतिच० ( व्य. p. 157.) and कल्पतरु ( व्यव. p. 291),
व्यवहारप्रकाश (of पृथ्वी०) p. 209. 077 आसेधं पथि भङ्गं च यश्च गर्भः पतिं विना । स्वयमन्वेषयेद्राजा विना चैव
विवादिना ॥ यस्य दृश्यस्य (१) संपत्तिर्न दृश्येतागमः क्वचित् । स्वय…दिना ॥ सभाभङ्ग तरुच्छेदं सस्यव्याघातमेव च । स्व… ॥ कन्यापहारकं पापं वित्रं च पतितं तथा । परार्थवादसंयुक्तं स्वयं राजा विचारयेत् ॥ षड्भागकरशुल्कार्थे मार्गभेदकमेव च । स्वराष्ट्रचौर्यभीति च परदाराभिमर्शनम् ॥ गोब्राह्मणनिम्बारं सस्यानां चैव घातकम् । दशैतानपराधोश्च स्वयं राजा विचारयेत् ॥ तिच (व्यव. p. 28), परा. मा. III. 44-45, p. 25.
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- Sanivarta
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duties of householder, eulogy of liberality, duties of forest hermit and sampyāsin, prayascittas for various sins and actions, Saṁvarta is sometimes cited as an authority ( verses 38,123 ). He recommends the marriages of girls at the age of eight ( verse 67 ) and condemns marriage with a maternal uncle’s daughter ( verse 157 ).
In a few M83. (e. g. I. O. cat. No. 1367 ) the Sam varta smrti comprised is different from the printed Saṁvarta.
The printed sinști appears to be an epitome of a portion of the original surti of Saṁvartu. Many of the verses in the printed texts are found in Aparārka. For example, Aparārka p. 14=Sasvarta verse 6; Aparārka p. 693 = Samvarta verses 107-108; Aparārka p. 1053 = Samvarta verses 111-113; Aparārka p. 1094 ( eight verses out of which five ) =Saṁvarta verses 130-34. The pāda of Saṁvarta which Viśvarūpa quotes (ardhāstamitabhāskarām) on Yāj. I. 25 occurs in verse 6 of the printed text. This shows that the printed smṛti preserves very ancient material, the authenticity of which is vouched for by so early a writer as Viśvarūpa.
ADU
The Mit. quotes a Bphat-Saṁvarta (on Yāj. III. 265 288 ).
A Svalpa-Sarvarta is quoted in Harinātha’s Smrtisāra.