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HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY
FROM THE LIBRARYOF
JAMES HAUGIITON WOODS
1935
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**Printed and published by Hari Narayan Gokhale at the
“ARYA-BHUSHANA PRESS,”POONA. **
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PREFACE.
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The following is a Popular Edition of the Hitopadesha of Bhatta Nârâyana containing full explanatory notes, a glossary of words and a literal translation of all the verses occurring in the text and the dissolution of compounds adapted to meet the requirements of the less advanced students. By a Popular edition is meant such a one as can be easily understood without the help of a teacher even by a student who has studied the first few lessons of the 2nd book of Sanskrit Series. It is thus hoped that it will be largely availed of by the generality of students and especially by those who study privately and for whom it is chiefly intended. An experience of some years as a teacher of Sanskrit has convinced the editor that a book of this kind now presented would be generally acceptable. Hence he thinks that the publication of the book meets a long-felt want. It is prepared on the model of the Five Tantras or Panchatantra, which has been before the public for the last 3 years.
No pains have been spared to make this book useful to those for whom it is intended.
Any suggestions as to the meaning of a particular passage or individual words will be deemed a favour.
THE EDITOR.
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अ^(१)थ
हितो^(२)पदेशः।
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॥प्र^(३)स्ताविका॥
^(४)सिद्धिः साध्ये सतामस्तु प्रसादात्तस्य धूर्जटेः।
जाह्नवीफेनलेखेव यन्मूर्ध्नि शशिनः कला॥१॥
^(५)श्रुतो हितोपदेशोयं पाटवं संस्कृतोक्तिषु।
वाचां सर्वत्र वैचित्र्यं नीतिविद्यां ददाति च॥२॥
^(६)अजरामरवत्प्राज्ञो विद्यामर्थं च चिन्तयेत्।
गृहीत इव केशेषु मृत्युना धर्ममाचरेत्॥३॥
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** १Here begins.The Particle अथ is always used to mark the beginning of a work. २ Salutary advice (हितः उपदेशः क० स०).३** Introductory, by way of introduction. ४ May success attend the object to be accomplished (साध्ये) by the good through the favour of that Dhûrjati (Siva ), on whose head there is the digit of the moon like the streak of the foam of the Ganges! ५ This हितोपदेश when (if) heard, gives (the hearer) readiness or skill in polished, expressions or in Sanskrit words, lends a variety to his; speech and endows him with a knowledge of the science of politics (वैचित्र्य is an abst. noun from विचित्र. नीतिविद्या may be either a ष० त० or कर्मधारय that is, नीतेः विद्या or नीतिः एव विद्या). ६ A wise man should think of acquiring learning and wealth as if he were not subject to oldage or death, and he should perform religious duties as if seized by the hair by the god of death. अजर—नास्ति जरा यस्य सः, ब. अमर–न० त०—केशेषु गृहीतः=केशैर्गृहीतः.The meaning of the whole verseis that it is never too late for a man either to learn or acquire wealth, but it isalways so (late) as regards the observance of religious rites, which he should never putoff.
^(१)सर्वद्रव्येषु विद्यैव द्रव्यमाहुरनुत्तमम्।
अहार्यत्वादनर्घत्वादक्षयत्वाच्च सर्वदा॥४॥
^(२)संगमयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित्।
समुद्रमिव दुर्दर्श नृपं भाग्यमतः परम्॥५॥
^(३)विद्या ददाति विनयं विनयाद्याति पात्रताम्।
पात्रत्वाद्धनमाप्नोति धनाद्धर्मं ततः सुखम्॥६॥
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१ They say (it is said) that of all the worldly acquisitionsor things, that of learning is always by far the best(or pre-eminently the best) by reason of the impossibility of its being taken away, of its pricelessness and its inexhaustibility. अनुत्तमम्—नास्ति उत्तमं यस्मात् that to which nothing is superior. अहार्यत्व is an abs. noun अहार्य the pot. pass. participle from हृ 1 P. अनर्घत्व from अनर्घ न. त. २ संगमयति &c.Learning alone, though possessed by a low person (नीचगापि); introduces (or unites) him to a king who is difficult to be seen (दुर्दर्शं) and thence to fortune, as a river though flowing down a slope (नीचगापि) takes a thing or person to the inaccessible (दुर्दशं) sea. For संगमयति,other editions read संयोजयति, the former being the caus. of गम् with सम्, A. नीचगा = नीचं गच्छति नीचे वर्तते या सा (in the case of learning) and नीचैः गच्छतीति or नीचं प्रदेशं गच्छतीति (in the case of a river ). For दुर्दर्शं the reading is दुर्धर्षं, which means that which cannot be dared or approached. ३ Learninggives modesty or cultivates the understanding, through ,modesty or intellectual discipline one attains worth (worthiness), through worthiness one obtains wealth, through wealth one is enabled to perform religious actions (lit.obtains religion or religious merit) and thence (that is, through religious merit) one obtains happiness. ददाति = सृजति, उत्पादयति.पात्रता and पात्रत्व are abstract nouns from पात्र ( a fit object. for anything) by the two differrent terminations, वा and त्व.
प्रस्ताविका।
^(१)विद्या शस्त्रस्य शास्त्रस्य द्वे विद्ये प्रतिपत्तये।
आद्या हास्याय वृद्धत्वे द्वितीयाद्रियते सदा॥७॥
^(२)यन्नवे भाजने लग्नः संस्कारो नान्यथा भवेत्।
कथाच्छलेन बालानां नीतिस्तदिह कथ्यते॥८॥
^(३)मित्रलाभः सुहृद्भेदो विग्रहः संधिरेव च।
पञ्चतन्त्रात्तथान्यस्माद्ग्रन्थादाकृष्य लिख्यते॥९॥
^(४)अस्ति भागीरथीतीरे पाटलिपु^(५)त्रनामधेयं नगरम्। तत्र सर्वस्वा^(६)मिगुणोपेतः
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१ The two kinds of lore, viz., that of arms and that of any science, lead to respect or honour, the first of these (viz., शस्त्रस्य विद्या) gives riseto ridicule in oldage, while the second is ever respected. The first line is differently read as विद्या शस्त्रं च शास्त्रं च &c. where the meaning remains the same, the twonouns शस्त्रं and शास्त्रं being in apposition to विद्या प्रतिपत्तये हास्याय &c. Mark the idiom, the verbs भवति or अस्ति being, understood after these datives. आद्रियते is pass. of द् 6 A. with आ. आद्या—द्वितीया being equal to प्रथमा-द्वितीया, the first, and the second or the one and the other. २ Since the impressions made (लग्नः) on a raw or fresh earthen pot, cannot .be effaced (lit. cannot be otherwise), so ( तत् ) royal policy (or politics) is taught to youths in this work (इह्) in the shape of stories. यत्—तत् since—therefore. कथाच्छलेन=कथारूपेण. बालानां कथ्यते=बालेभ्यः कथ्यते. इह=अस्मिन्ग्रंथे. ३ मित्रलाभः (acquisition of friends), सुहद्भेद (separation of friends), विग्रह(hostility or war ) and संधि (peace) are written upon (लिख्यते) or treated of, (in this work), after making extracts (आकृष्य) from the Panchatantra and other works पंचतंत्र is the well-known work ofविष्णुशर्मन्.in which worldly wisdom is taught. It is divided into five parts or तंत्राऽ, the whole collection being designated पंचतंत्र पंचानां तंत्राणां समाहारः पचतंत्रम्० द्विगु० आकृष्य being drawn or extracted from ४ अस्ति=आसीत् an instance of a historical present in Sanskrit ५. पाटलिपुत्रनामधेयम् (ब) पाटलिपुत्रं नामधेयं यस्य तत्. ६ Endowed with all the qualities of a lord, (and hence a king ) सर्वैः, स्वामिगुणैः उपेतः, स्वामिगुण is a ष० त०.
सु**^(१)**दर्शनो नाम नरपतिरासीत्। स भूपतिरेकदा केनापि ^(२)पठ्यमानं श्लोकद्व^(३)यं शुश्राव^(४)।
^(५)अनेकसंशयोच्छेदि परोक्षार्थस्य दर्शकम्।
सर्वस्य लोचनं शास्त्रं यस्य नास्त्यन्ध एव सः॥१०॥
^(६)यौवनं धनसंपत्तिः प्रभुत्वमविवेकिता।
एकैकमप्यनर्थाय किमु यत्र चतुष्टयम्॥११॥
इत्याकर्ण्या**^(७)त्मनः पुत्राणामनधिगतशा^(८)स्त्राणां नित्यमुन्मार्गगा^(९)मिनां शा^(१०)स्त्राननुष्ठानेनोद्विग्नम^(११)नाः स राजा चिन्तयामा^(१२)**स।
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१ सुदर्शन is a proper name, but like other similar names in Sanskrit it has a meaning. It is a Bahu. compound शोभनं दर्शनं यस्य सः. २ It is the present participle of the Pass.of पठ् 1 P. and means, being recited. ३ श्लोकद्वयम्—श्लोकयोर्द्वयं ष० त० A pair of slokas or verses that is, two verses. ४ It is the 3rd P. Sof Perf. ofश्रु ५ Learning(lit. science) is the remover or the solver of various doubts, shows things hidden from view and is the eye or guide of all; and he who does not possess it, is surely blind. अनेक &c. is उपपद० अनेकान् (न एकान्न० त०) संशयान् उच्छिन्नतीति. परोक्षः अर्थः—Absent objects. ६ Even one of these viz., youth, the possession of riches, lordship or mastery, and thoughtlessness, leads to calamity; how much more calamitous will the collection of the four be? धनसंपत्तिष० त०. किमु how much more or how much less—here of course it means the former. For a full explanation ofकिमुor किमुत्त see Student’s Guide to Sk. Composition. चतुष्टयं= चतुष्कं acollection of four Cf. द्वयं. ७ Having heard— absol. from कर्ण्with आ 10. ८ Of those who had not studied, theShástras अनधिगतानि (न पठितानि ) शाखाणि यैः तेषां व०This and the following genitive go with अननुष्ठानेन ९ Of those who always went astray or took to bad ways. उन्मार्गगामिनः**-** उन्मार्ग गच्छन्तीति उन्मार्गगामिनः तेषां उप० १० शास्त्राननुष्ठानेन० ष० त० अननुत्रान न० त० By the absence of the study of Shastras. ११ Dejected at heart. टद्विग्नमनाः उद्विग्नं मनः यस्य. ब० १२ चिन्तयामास Thought; Peri. Perf. of चिंत् 10 P. and A.
^(१)कोऽर्थः पुत्रेण जातेन यो न विद्वान्न धार्मिकः!
काणेन चक्षुषा किं वा चक्षुःपीडैव केवलम्॥१२॥
^(२)अजातमृतमूर्खाणां वरमाद्यौन चान्तिमः।
सकृद्दुःखकरावाद्यावन्तिमस्तु पदे पदे॥१३॥
किंच’^(३)।^(४)स जातो येन जातेन याति वंशः समुन्नतिम्।
परिवर्तिनि संसारे मृतः को वा न जायते॥१४॥
^(५)गुणिगणगणनारम्भे न पतति कठिनी सुसंभ्रमाद्यस्य।
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** १** What is the good of a son being born who is neither learned nor pious? Of what use is an eye that is blind—except that it is an eyesore? The use of the particles किम् or the pronouns कः &c. with the instrumental is of frequent occurrence. The meaning in each case being-what is the use,good, or advantage of ? e.g.किं मया, किं तेन, किं त्वया &c… २ Of the three, viz, unborn, dead and foolish (sons) the first two are preferable to the last, (for) the first two cause grief only once, while the last does it at each step. The use of वरं (derived from वृ 5 P. to choose) followed by न in the sense of better than is very common.३ Moreover. ४He is (really) born by whose birth the family attains to elevation ; for (I should like to know) who that is dead is not born again in this ever revolving world? that is, every one who dies is born again. This is the doctrine of पुनर्जन्म according to which beings are born again and again until in the form of man, in which by obtaining highest religious merit, they get मोक्ष (salvation). ५ If a mother is said to have a son in that man for whom the little finger ( कठिनी ) does not fall at once ( सुसंभ्रमात्) at the commencement of (the act of) counting the number (गण) of the men of merit, say what woman is barren? The meaning is, that the mother who gives birth to a son who is insignificant, is as good as barren . गुणिगण &c. गुणिनां गणानां गणनायाः आरंभं ष० त० सुसंभ्रमात् hastily, unhesitatingly. यस्य = यस्य कृते. For भवति some editions readनाम ; in that case नाम meansindeed!
तेनाम्बा यदि सुतिनी वद वंन्ध्या कीदृशी भवति॥१५॥
^(१)अपि च।
दा^(२)ने तपसि शौर्ये च यस्य न प्रथितं मनः।
विद्यायामर्थलाभे च मातुरुच्चार एव सः॥१६॥
**अपरं च। **
^(३)वरमेको गुणी पुत्रो न च मूर्खशतान्यपि।
एकश्चंद्रस्तमो हन्ति न च तारागणोपि च॥१७॥
^(४)पुण्यतीर्थे कृतं येन तपः क्वाप्यतिदुष्करम्।
तस्य पुत्रो भवेद्वश्यः समृद्धो धार्मिकः सुधीः॥१८॥
^(५)अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च।
प्रिया च भार्या प्रियवादिनी च।
वश्यश्च पुत्रोर्थकरी च विद्या
षड् जीवलोकस्य सुखानि तात॥१९॥
^(६)को धन्यो बहुभिः पुत्रैः कुशूलापूरणाढकैः।
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१ Moreover. २ He whose mind is not known to be intent en, or engaged in, charity, penance, bravery, learning and the acquisition of wealth, is nothing but the excrement of his mother (that is, as worthless as &c.). एव merely. ३ A single meritorious son is better than a hundred foolish ones; (for) the moon alone destroys darkness which even a collection of many stars cannot do. मूर्खशतानि ष० त०; so also तारागणः. ४ The son of that man, who has practised very severe penance somewhere in aholy place, will be obedient, prosperous, pious and talented. ५ The acquisition of wealth, being always free from diseases, a beloved wife, a sweet-speaking wife, an obedient son, and learning productive of useful results—these six, oh friend, are the blessings of this worldly existence.Here there is & difficulty in the reading प्रिया ; प्रियः which is found in some editions, solves the difficulty, as प्रियः means a friend, he being one of the six. अर्थागमः ष० त०. For तात another reading is राजन्. ६ Who is happy or blessed by having as many sons as the (number of) measures (आढकै) required to fill up a granary (कुशूः) ? even one, who is the support of the family and on whose account the father becomes. famous (lit. is heard ), is better. कुशूलापूरेण &c. कुशले आपूरणं–येषां ते कुशूलपूरणाः, तेच आढकाः येषां कुलस्यालंबो यस्मिन् सः
वरमेकः कुलालम्बो यत्र विश्रूयते पिता॥२०॥
^(१)यस्य कस्य प्रसूतोपि गुणवान्पूज्यते नरः।
धनुर्वंशविशुद्धोपि निर्गुणः किं करिष्यति॥२१॥
तत्कथमि^(२)दानीमेते मम पुत्रा गुणवन्तः क्रियन्ताम्।
यच्चोच्य^(३)ते।
^(४)आयुः कर्म च वित्तं च विद्या निधनमेव च।
पञ्चैतान्यपि सृज्यन्ते गर्भस्थस्यैव देहिनः॥२२॥
किंच।
^(५)अवश्यंभाविनो भावा भवन्ति महतामपि।
नग्नत्वं नीलकण्ठस्य महाहिशयनं हरेः॥२३॥
अपिच।
^(६)यदभावि न तद्भावि भावि चेन्न तदन्यथा।
इति चिन्ताविषघ्नोयमगदः किं न पीयते॥२४॥
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** १ **A man of merit, be he the son of anybody, is respected. What can a bow, though made of the best bamboo, do, when it is (निर्गुण) stringless? Here there is a pun upon the words वंश and गुण.वंश—(1) Good family. (2) Bamboo गुण–(1) Merit. (2) A string. The meaning is, as a bow, made of the best bamboo but without the string, is useless, so a man though born of the noblest family, is useless, when without merit. यस्य कस्य–of any one whatever, that is, insignificant. वंशविशुद्ध. (1) Purified by noble birth (in the case of man ). (2) Made of a strong bamboo. This verse is omitted in the Calcutta edition. २Now. The words तत्कथंare omitted in the Calcutta .Edition.३And what is also said (is as follows). ४ Life ( or duration of life ), actions, wealth, learning and deaththese five are created or appointed, while yet a man is in the womb.अपि here has the sense of exclusion—all these five excluding others. गर्भस्थस्य देहिनः Gen. absolute construction=गर्भस्थे देहिनि. ५. Things destined necessarily to happen, do happen even to the great; (for example) nakedness of Nilakantha and the lying downof Hari on the great serpent. अवश्यं भाविनः—अवश्यं भवन्तीति, उपपद. महाहौ शयन सं० त०. ६ That which is destined not to be, will not be; if it is to be, it will not be otherwise. Why should this antidote against the poison of anxiety, be not drunk ?चिंताविधं(कर्म) हन्तीति = चिंताविषघ्नः- उपपद.
एतत्कार्याक्षमा^(१)णां केषांचिदालस्य^(२)वचनम्।
^(३)नदैवमपि संचिन्त्य त्यजेदुद्योगमात्मनः।
अनुद्योगेन तैलानि तिलेभ्यो नाप्तुर्मर्हति॥२५॥
^(४)यथा ह्येकेन चक्रेण न रथस्य गतिर्भवेत्।
एवं पुरुषकारेण विना दैवं न सिध्यति॥२६॥
**तथाच। **
^(५)पूर्वजन्मकृतं कर्म तद्दैवमिति कथ्यते।
तस्मात्पुरुषकारेण यत्नं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः॥२७॥
**अन्यच्च। **
^(६)उद्योगिनं पुरुषसिंहमुपैति लक्ष्मी-
र्दैवेन देयमिति कापुरुषा वदन्ति।
दैवं निहत्य कुरु पौरुषमात्मशक्त्या
यत्ने कृते यदि न सिध्यति कोत्र दोषः॥२८॥
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** १** Of those whoare unable ( अक्षम ) to do work.२Words uttered through laziness or dullness.३ Having thought of (confided in) fate, one should not leave off one’s effort or industry. One will never obtain (lit does not deserveto get) oil from sesamum without efforts ( made to extract oil.) दैवमिति संचिन्त्य=दैवं अस्तीति विचार्य or दैवस्योपर्यंवलम्ब्य. अनुद्योगेन न० त० This verse is not found in the Calcutta Edition.४ For as with only one wheel a chariot cannot move (lit. there will be no motion to a chariot), so without manly efforts, fate does not succeed. ५ The action performed in the previous existence is said to be fate; one, therefore, should make exertions with manly efforts without slothfulness (very diligently).६ The goddess of wealth approaches that man-lion who is industrious; it is the cowardlythat say that a thingwill be given them by fate ; having, therefore, set aside (lit, killed) fate, make efforts with all your might. If anything does not succeed even when efforts are made for it, what fault is here? that is, who is to blame here or in this case? पुरुषसिंह (क.) पुरुषः सिंह इव,कापुरुषाः (क.) कुत्सिताः पुरुषाः**.**
^(१)यथा मृत्पिण्डतः कर्ता कुरुते यद्यदिच्छति।
एवमात्मकृतं कर्म मानवः प्रतिपद्यते॥२९॥
अपरं च।
^(२)काकतालीयवत्प्राप्तं दृष्ट्वापि निधिमग्रतः।
न स्वयं दैवमादत्ते पुरुषार्थमपेक्षते॥३०॥
^(३)उद्यमेन हि सिध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथैः।
न हि सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य प्रविशन्ति मुखे मृगाः॥३१॥
^(४)मातृपितृकृताभ्यासो गुणितामेति बालकः।
न गर्भच्युतिमात्रेण पुत्रो भवति पण्डितः॥३२॥
^(५)माता शत्रुः पिता वैरी येन बालो न पाठितः।
न शोभते सभामध्ये हंसमध्ये बको यथा॥३३॥
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** १** Just as a potter (maker) makes whatever he wishes to make from a lump or ball of clay, so a man gets (प्रतिपद्यते) the fruit of the actions done by himself (previously).२ Even seeing a treasure come before a man by sheer accident (काकतालीयवत्), fate does not take it up (आदत्ते) of itself, but requires some manly effort on the part of the man to do so. काकतालीयवत् means accidentally-from the fiction of a crow sitting on the branch of a palm tree and the latter falling down that very moment.अग्रतः– before a person, अपेक्षते–expects, wants and hence requires. ३For undertakings succeed by industry and not by mere wishes; animals do not themselves enter the mouth of a sleeping lion, that is to say, even a lion in order to get his prey is required to make efforts. सप्तस्य gen.of the pp. of स्वप् 2 P. मृग, used in the sense of any animal.४ A child who is made to study (कृताभ्यासः) by his parents (मातृपितृ ) becomes endowed with merits; a son does not become learned just when he comes out, or falls down, from the womb. मातृपितृ &c. मातापितृभ्यां कृतः अभ्यासः यस्य–व० गुणितां–abst. noun from गुणिन् possessive adj. from गुण. गर्भ &c. By merely coming out of the womb. This is not found in the Calcutta Edition. ५ A man’s mother and father by whom he is not taught are his enemies; he does not shine in an assembly just as a crane. does not do in a multitude of swans. Hereयेन is inaccurately used for both मातृ and पितृ. It ought to have been यया sand येन. It is here made to agree with the nearest noun in gender
^(१)रूपयौवनसंपन्ना विशालकुलसंभवाः।
विद्याहीना न शोभन्ते निर्गन्धा इव किंशुकाः॥३४॥
ए**^(२)तच्चिन्तयित्वा स राजा पण्डितस^(३)भां कारितवान्। राजो^(४)वाच—भो^(५)** भोः पण्डिताः श्रूयता**^(६)म्। ^(७)अस्ति कश्चिदेवंभूतो विद्वान्यो मम पुत्राणां नित्यमुन्मार्गगामिनामनधिगतशास्त्राणामिदानीं नीति^(८)शास्त्रोपदेशेन पुनर्जन्म^(९)^(१०)कारयितुं समर्थः। यतः^(११)**
^(१२)काचः काञ्चनसंसर्गाद्धत्ते मारकतीं द्युतिम्।
तथा सत्संनिधानेन मूर्खो याति प्रवीणताम्॥३५॥
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** १** Persons endowed with beauty and youth and born of great or noble families, but void of learning, do not make any figure(न शोभंते ) in the world, just as theकिंशुक trees,being void of sweet scent, do not: रूपयौवन &c. तृ० त०, विशालकुलसंभवाः (व०) विशालकुले संभवो येषां विद्याहीन. तृ० त०. निर्गन्धा (व०)निर्गतो गंधो येभ्यस्ते, किंशुक = पलाश or पलस in Maráthî२ एतत् viz. what has been said above, commencing fromकोर्थ**:पुषेण जातेन and ending with किंशुकाः. ३. Caused an assembly of learned men to be held. कारितवान् N. sing. mas. of the Past Part. active of the causal of कृ 8 P. and A. ४ उवाच–Perfect of वव्. ५ भोस् is a vocative particle. ६ श्रूयताम्. The passive is very, often used for the active as showing greater respect.Thewords मम वचनं after श्रूयतां are found else where. ७ Is there a learned man such as &c. ८ By instruction in the science of conduct. ९ पुनर्जन्म=नूतनं जन्म. १० कारयितुं Infinitive of purpose. from the caus. of कृ, to cause to do. पुनर्जन्म कारयितुं means, therefore,to make them (my sons), as it were, take anotherbirth by reclamation. ११ Since, because. १२ As glass assumesthe lustre of emerald by its contact with gold, so a fool becomes proficient in anything by associating with the good.Understand यथाbefore this verse.धत्ते holds, possesses, and hence assumes. मारकर्ती an adjective from मरकतमरकतस्येयं मारकती. सत्सन्निधानेन. ष० त०, The plural मारकती:** द्युती**:** is found for the singular elsewhere.
उक्तं च।
^(२)हीयते हि मतिस्तात हीनैः सह समागमात्।
समैश्च समतामेति विशिष्टैश्च विशिष्टताम्॥३६॥
अत्रा**^(३)न्तरे विष्णुशर्मनामा^(४)** महा**^(५)पण्डितः सकलनीतिशा^(६)स्त्रतत्वज्ञो ^(७)बृहस्पतिरिवाब्रवीत्। देव^(८) महाकुलसंभूता^(९)** एते राजपुत्राः। **^(१०)**तन्मया नीतिं ग्राहयितुं शक्यन्ते। यतः।
^(११)नाद्रव्ये निहिता काचित्क्रिया फलवती भवेत्।
न व्यांपारशतेनापि शुकवत्पाठ्यते बकः॥३७॥
अन्यच्च**^(१२)**।
^(१३)अस्मिंस्तु निर्गुणं गोत्रे नापत्यमुपजायते।
आकरे पद्मरागाणां जन्मंकाचमणेः कुतः॥३८॥
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** १** And it is said. २ Oh friend, the intellect becomesimpaired by association with inferior persons, becomes equal or remains unchanged by associating with equals, and is increased or refined by contact with superior persons. हीयते 3rd P. S. of the Passive of हा 3 P. तात, a term of address used of anybody either older or younger than the one who addresses. Add समागमात्after समैः and विशिष्टैः ३ In the meantime, meanwhile. ४ विष्णुशर्मनामा ( ब०) विष्णुशर्मा नाम यस्य. By name or named Vishnusarman. ५ महापंडितः–( कर्म०) महान् पंडितः a great Pandit. ६ सकल ….ज्ञ**:—उपपद. सकलस्य नीतिशास्त्रस्य तत्वं जनातीति. सकलनीति &c. Knowing the essence or spirit of all the science of conduct. ७ बृहस्पति—the preceptor of gods and a model of wisdom, learning and eloquence. ८ देव Oh lord, sire९** महाकुलसंभूता**:**—स० त० Born of a noble family. राजपुत्राः—राज्ञः पुत्राः—The word राजन् loses its न् in compounds. १० Sothey can be taught ( made to take or learn ) politics by me. The तत् here has connection with महाकुलसंभूताः before which यत् is of course understood. ग्राहयितुम् has a passiveforce here. ११ No action will bear fruit when spent upon (lit placed in) an unfit object ( अद्रव्ये ); the crane cannot be taught ( is not taught ) like the parrot even with a hundred efforts. अद्रव्य० न० त०.व्यापारशत ष० त०. पाठ्यते Passive of the causal of पठ् 1 P. १२ Moreover, besides.१३ As to (तु) this family, no meritless child is born in it, whence or how can there be the birth or existence of a glass-bead in a mine (आकरे ) of rubies (पद्मरागाणां) ? The meaning is, as in a mine of rubies, nothing but rubies are found, so in a noble family a meritless or worthless child cannot possibly be born.निर्गुणंश्च
अतोहं षण्मा**^(१)साभ्यन्तरे तव पुत्रान्नीतिशास्त्रा^(२)भिज्ञान्करिष्यामि। राजा सवि^(३)**नयं पुनरुवाच।
^(४)कीटोपि सुमनःसङ्गादारोहति सतां शिरः।
अश्मापियाति देवत्वं महद्भिः सुप्रतिष्ठितः॥३९॥
अन्यच्च।
^(५)यथोदयगिरौ द्रव्यं संनिकर्षेण दीप्यते।
तथा सत्संनिधानेन हीनवर्णोपि दीप्यते॥४०॥
तदेतेषामस्मत्पुत्रा**^(६)**णां **^(७)नीतिशास्त्रोपदेशाय भवन्तः प्रमाणम् इत्युक्त्वा तस्य विष्णु^(८)शर्मणो बहुमान^(९)पुरःसरं पुत्रान्समर्पि^(१०)**तवान्।
॥^(११)इति प्रस्ताविका॥
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** १** Within a period of six months, in the space of six months. षण्मासानां अभ्यंतरे.ष० त० २ नीतिशास्त्राभिज्ञानू Conversant with, or versed in, the science of politics नीतिशाने अभिशान्स० त० ३ सविनय —With modesty, modestly. विनयेन सहितं यथां तथा अव्य० ४ Even an insect ascends the heads of great men through contact with flowers (along with flowers wherein it sits ); even a stone assumes godhead, when well consecrated or installed by tho great. सुमनसंगात्(ष० त०) सुमनसःसंगात् ५ Just as on therising mountain, objects appear bright or shine by contact with the sun, so by proximity with the good, even a person of low qualities( lit, of an inferior or black complexion) becomes improved, There is a pun here upon the word वर्ण (1) merit quality. (2) Colour, complexion.For उदयगिरौ — another Edition reads उदयगिरेः, in that case this genitiveis to be taken with सन्निकर्षेण, by contact with the rising mountain. ६अस्मत्पुत्राणां —अस्माकं पुत्राणां ष० त० ७ नीति….. प्रमाणम् – you are the sole authority as regards giving them ( my sons ) instructionin politics, that is, your honour alone should decide what and how to teach. ८ विष्णुशर्मणः, goeswith समर्पितवान्, the genitive being used for the dative.९ बहुमानपुरःसरं—very, respectfully, बहुमानः पुरःसरः यास्मिन् कर्मणि यथा तथा अव्य० १० समर्पितवान्Nom, Sing. Masc, of the active past participle of the caus, of ऋ with सम्, ११ इति-Here ends (the introductory portion.)
॥मित्रलाभः॥
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**^( १)अथ प्रासाद^(२)पृष्ठे सुखोपवि^(३)ष्टानां राजपुत्राणां पुरस्ता^(४)त्प्रस्ताव^(५)**क्रमेण स पण्डितोब्रवीत्
^(६)काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम्।
व्यसनेन च मूर्खाणां निद्रया कलहेन वा॥१॥
तद्भवतां विनोदाय काककू**^(७)र्मादीनां विचि^(८)**त्रां कथां कथयामि।
राजपुत्रैरुक्तम्। आर्य कथ्य**^(९)**ताम्। विष्णुशर्मोवाच शृणुत। संप्रति मित्रलाभः ^(१०)प्रस्तूयते यस्यायमाद्यः^(११) श्लोकः।
^(१२)असाधना वित्तहीना बुद्धिमन्तः सुहृत्तमाः।
साधयन्त्याशु कार्याणि काककूर्ममृगाखुवत्॥२॥
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Book I. MITRALABHA (Acquisition of friends).
** १** (अथ) is used to mark the beginning of anything. २ On the summit of the palace. ३ Sitting at ease. सुजोपविष्ट=सुखेन उपविष्ट. तृ० त० ४ पुरस्तात् before, to. ५ By way of introduction. ६The time of the talented passes in amusement derived from (the study of) poetry and science, and that of the foolish, in vice, sleep or quarelling. काव्यशास्त्रयोः विनोदेनष० त० ७ काककूर्मादीनां–(ब०) काककूर्मौ आदी येषां (प्राणिनां)तेषां–of animals foremost among whom were the crow and the tortoise. ८ विचित्र Strange, interesting, amusing. ९ कथ्यताम्—Imperative of the passive of कथ्10. [The passive is always used where respect or reverence is to be shown]; for instance—when an inferior has to tell anything to his superior, hewill never like this : गच्छ, एहि but गम्यतास् &c. १० प्रस्तूयते is, introduced, begun, commenced. ११ First, Chief. १२ Excellent friends ( सुहृत्तमाः) though destitute of means and wealth, yet endowed with talent, quickly accomplish their purposes like the crow, tortoise, deer and mouse (in, the following story). असाधनाः(ब०); वित्तहीनाः तृ०त०; सुहृत्तमाः Superlative ofसुहृद्, the termination being affixed even to substantives. For काक— वत् another reading is काक—खवः; in this case it is in apposition to सुहत्तमाः :
राजपुत्रा ऊचुः कथमेत**^(१)त्। विष्णुशर्मा कथयति।
अस्ति गोदावरीतीरे विशालः शा^(२)ल्मलीतरुः। त^(३)त्र ना^(४)नादिग्देशादागव्य रात्रौ पक्षिणो निवसन्ति। अथ कदाचिदवस^(५)न्नायां रात्रावस्ताचलचूडा^(६)वलम्बिनि भगवति कुमुदिनीना^(७)यके चन्द्रमसि लघुपतनक^(८)नामा वायसः प्रबु^(९)**द्धः कृतान्तमिव द्वितीयमायान्तं **^(१०)व्याधमपश्यत्। तमवलोक्याचिन्तयत्। अ^(१२)द्य प्रातरेवानिष्टदर्शनं जातम्। न जाने किमनाभि^(१३)मतं दर्शयिष्यति। इत्युक्त्वा तदनुसरण^(१४)**क्रमेण **^(१५)**व्याकुलश्चलितः। यतः।
^(१६)शोकस्थानसहस्राणि भयस्थानशतानि च।
दिवसे दिवसे मूढमाविशन्ति न पण्डितम्॥३॥
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** १** How is this ? how did that which you tell of, happen ? २ Silk-cotton tree (शेवरीर्चे झाड). ३ तत्र=तस्मिन् viz., शाल्मलीतरौ**.४**From regions in various or different directions नानादिशां देशात् ष० त० ५ अवसन्नायां Having ended. अवसन्नP. P. of सद् 1 P. with अव. ६ Hanging down from the top (crest) of the setting-mountain. अस्ताचलः (अस्तस्य अचलः) चूडायाः अवलम्बते इति, तस्मिन् (चंद्रमसि). ७ The lord of the night-lotuses; the moon being so designated by reason of these flowers opening at moon-rise. कुमुदिनीनां नायके ष० त० ८ By name Laghupatanaka, of swift flight, ৎ Being awake. १० A hunter. ११ अद्य-ज्ञातम् today in the very morning have I happened to see an inauspicious sight, or an inauspicious thing has come to my sight. अनिष्टस्य दर्शनम् ष.त.१२A disagreeable thing.१३ दर्शयिष्यति 2nd Future of the caus. of दृश्1 P. shows, indicates, bodes. १४ By way of following him, तस्यानुसरणक्रमेण. १५ Afflicted at heart, distressed. १६ Day by day thousands …….. (places) for grief and hundreds for fear, take possession of (embarrass) a fool and not a, wise man. That is, any theslightest cause either for grief or fear is sufficient to puzzle or confound a fool. शोकस्थानसहस्राणि and भयस्थानशतानि are G. Tas Compounds.दिवसे दिवसे from day to day, every day. The reading elsewhere is different as शोकस्थानं सहस्राणि and भयस्थानं शतानि whereस्थानं is in apposition to नरं, he who is the abode of hundreds of sorrows and fears.
अन्यच्च। विष^(१)यिणामिदमवश्यं कर्तव्यम्।
^(२)उत्थायोत्थाय बोद्धव्यं महद्भयमुपस्थितम्।
मरणव्याधिशोकानां किमद्य निपतिष्यति॥४॥
अथ तेन व्याधेन तण्डुलकणान्वि**^(३)कीर्य जालं वि^(४)स्तीर्णम्। स च प्रच्छ^(५)न्नो भूत्वा स्थितः। तस्मिन्ने^(६)व काले चित्रग्रीवनामा कपोतरा^(७)जः सपरि^(८)वारो वियति वि^(९)सर्पंस्तास्तांण्डुलकणानवलोकयामास। ततःकपोतराजस्तण्डुलकणलुब्धा^(१०)**न्कपोतान्प्रत्याह। कुतोत्रनिर्जने वनेतण्डुलकणानां संभवः। **^(११)**तन्निरूप्यतां तावत्। **^(१२)**भद्रमिदं न पश्यामि। **^(१३)**प्रायेणानेन तण्डुलकणलोभेनास्माभिरपि तथा भवितव्यम्।
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** १**Of worldly people or beings of the world, as opposed to sages who have given up this world. २ Every now and then (or often and often) a great impending danger should be ascertained; and it should also be foreseen which of the three, viz., death, disease and grief, will befall us. उत्थाय उत्थाय Having got up repeatedly. Abs. from स्था 1 P. with उद्. बोद्धव्यम् Pot. Passive participle from बुध् 1 P. मरणव्याधिशोकानां (द्वंद्व). ३विकीर्य ( absolutive from कॄ 6 P. with वि) having scattered. ४ विस्तीर्णम् P. P. of स्तॄ with वि9 P. ५ Having concealed (प्रच्छन्नः P. P. of च्छ्ट्10 with प्र) himself. ६ At that very juncture. ७ Lord or king of pigeons. ८Accompanied with his retinue परिवारेण संहितः (ब.) ९ त्रिसर्पन् Nom. Sing. Mas. of the Present Part. of सृप् 1P. with वि. Moving along; flying. १० Attracted towards the grains of rice तंडलकणेर्भ्यो or व्कणेषु लुब्धान् च. त. ११ तन्निरूप्यतां तावत् So let it first be ascertained, or examined (whether they are really grains of rice or anything else). १२ भद्रमिदं न पश्यामि I do not see any good in this, I don’t see that it is right. १३ Probably by thi avarice for the grains of rice, we shall be as badly off as &c. अस्माभिः भवितव्यं-mark the construction pecunliar to Sariskrit-we should or shall be. तथा corresponds to यथा after the next verse.
^(१)कङ्कणस्य तु लोभेन मग्नः पङ्के सुदुस्तरे।
वृद्धव्याघ्रेण संप्राप्तः पथिकः स मृतो यथा॥५॥
कपोता ऊचुः कथमेतत्। सोब्रवीत्॥
॥कथा१॥
अहमेकदा दक्षिणा**^(२)रण्ये चर^(३)न्नपश्यम्^(४)। एको वृद्धव्याघ्रः स्नातः कुशहस्तः^(५)** सरस्तीरे ब्रूते। भो भोः पान्था इदं सुवर्णकङ्कणं गृह्यताम्। ततो लो**^(६)भाकृष्टेन केनचित्पान्थेनालोचि^(७)तम्। [भाग्येनैतत्सं^(८)भवति। किंत्वस्मिन्नात्म^(९)**संदेहे **^(१०)**प्रवृत्तिर्न विधेया। यतः।
^(११)अनिष्टादिष्टलाभेपि न गतिर्जायते शुभा।
यत्रास्ते विषसंसर्गोमृतं तदपि मृत्यवे॥६॥
**^( १२)**किंतु सर्वत्रार्थार्जने प्रवृत्तिः संदेह एव। तथा चोक्तम्।
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** १**A traveller, falling into deep mud through the greed of a bracelet and being seized by an old tiger, perished. सुदुस्तरे very impassable. २ Southern forest. ३ Wandering. ४ Saw, viz, the events narrated below.५ Havingकुश grass in his hands (paws) कुशाः हस्ते or हस्तयोः यस्य. (ब०). This is not found elsewhere. ६ Drawn or attracted (towards the tiger) by the avarice for the gold bracelet. लोभेन आकृष्टः तु० त० ७ आलोचितम् Contemplated, P. P. of लोच् 10 P. with आ. ८ भाग्येन &c.—This happens by luck or by a lucky accident ९आत्मसंदेहे In this affair which is so full of risk to myself. It is aब०, आत्मनः संदेहः यस्मिन् (तस्मिन्=कार्ये) १० प्रवृत्तिर्न विधेया Proceeding in this affair should not be attempted. I should not proceed with this business because it is so risky. ११ Although a desirable thing be obtained from an undesirable one, the end or issue will not be beneficial; even that nectar which is in contact with poison, will cause death. अनिष्टात् ( न इष्टात् न० त० ) from that which is not desired. इष्टलाभे (इष्टस्य लाभे) ष० त० १२ But everywhere the attempt to get wealth or a desired object is attended with risk or danger. The reading ससंदेहा is better, संदेहेन सहिता (ब). संदेहः is to be taken as in apposition to प्रवृत्तिः The reading प्रवृत्तौ संदेहः is quite clear and means there is danger in the attempt &c.
^(१)न संशयमनारुह्य नरो भद्राणि पश्यति।
संशयं पुनरारुह्य यदि जीवति पश्यति॥७॥
तन्निरूपयामि तावत्। प्रका**^(२)शं ब्रूते कुत्र तव कङ्कणम्। व्याघ्रो हस्तं प्रसार्य दर्शयति। पान्थोवदंत् कथं भा^(३)**रात्मके त्वयि विश्वासः। व्याघ्र उवाच शृणु रे पान्थ ^(४)प्रागेव यौवनदशायामतिदु^(५)र्वृत्त आसम्। अनेकगोमा^(६)नुषाणांवधान्मे पुत्रा मृता दाराश्च। वंशहीनश्चा^(७)हम्। ततः केनचिद्धार्मिकेणाहमादिष्टः^(८)। **^(९)दानधर्मादिकं चरतु भवान्। तदुपदेशादिदानीमहं स्ना^(१०)नशीलो दाता वृद्धो गलित^(११)नखदन्तो न कथं विश्वास^(१२)**भूमिः। यतः।
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१ A man does not prosper (lit.sees no prosperity) without facing (ascending) danger; but (पुनः) having faced a danger, if he lives (survives), he does see (prosperity ) संशयमारुह्is an idiom and means-risking one’s life &c. २ प्रकाशम् aloud. It is a stage-direction opposed to आत्मगतम्which means ‘aside.’ ३ मारा… विश्वासः Confidence in you who are ferocious or carnivorous, मारात्मके is ब० मारे आत्मा यस्य ४ प्रागेव Only recently, एवऽeems to have no force here except in the sense here assigned to it. . ५ Very or extremely ill-behaved. ६ Through the slaughter or murder of various cows and men. अनेकासां गवां अनेकेषां मानुषाणां च वधान्. The compound is irregular. ७ वंशहीनः–वंशेन हीनः तृ० त० Void of or without issue ; having no issue. ८ आदिष्टःAdvised, instructed (by a certain saint) (धार्मिक). ९ दानधर्मादिकं-भवान्. These are the words of advice given by the धार्मिक. But something like इतिafter the sentence or यथा before it, was necessary for a correct syntax. चरतु = आचरतु. १० स्नानशीलःAccustomed to bathe, bathing daily स्नानं शीलं यस्य. (व०) ११ गलितनखदंतः(गलितं नखदंतं यस्य ब०) He whose nails and teeth have dropped down or are lost.१२ Worthy of confidence.विश्वासभूमिः = विश्वासस्थानम् aplace or a receptacle for confidence
^(१)इज्याध्ययनदानानि तपः सत्यं धृति;क्षमा।
अलोभ इति मार्गोयं धर्मस्याष्टविधः स्मृतः॥८॥
^(२)तत्र पूर्वश्चतुर्वर्गो दम्भार्थमपिसेव्यते।
उत्तरस्तु चतुर्वर्गो महात्मन्येव तिष्ठति॥९॥
सस चैता**^(३)वांल्लोभविरहो येन साहस्त^(४)स्थमपि सुवर्णकङ्कणं यस्मैक५स्मैचिद्दातुमिच्छामि। तथापि व्याघ्रो मानुषं खादतीति लोकप्रवा^(६)**दोदुर्निवा^(७)रः। यतः।
^(८)गतानुगतिको लोकः कुदृनीमुपदेशिनीम्।
प्रमाणयति नो धर्मे यथा गोघ्नमपि द्विजम्॥१०॥
मया च धर्मशास्त्रा**^(९)**ण्यधीतानि। शृणु।
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** १** This is said to be the eight-fold way of religion,viz., sacrifice(इज्या), Vedic study, charity, penance, truth, patience or fortitude under suffering, ‘forbearance and absence of greed. इज्याध्ययनदानानि (इंद्र). अलीभः न० त०. अष्टविधः (व) अष्ट विधाः यस्य. २ The first four of these (तत्र = ते बु or तेषां from इज्या to तपः) are practised even for show or out of hypocrisy, while the second four are to be found only in the great or large-minded. चतुर्वर्गः–चतुर्णाम् वर्गः ष० त० महात्मन् (ब०) महान्आत्मा यस्य. ३ मम…… .. विरहः As to myself, such or so great is the absence of greed in me that &c. ४ स्वहस्तस्थं–स्वहस्ते तिष्ठतीति-उपपद. ५ यस्मैकस्मैचित् To anybody whatever. The use of these two pronouns together in the sense of indefiniteness is very common.६ Popular saying or belief.लोकापवादः (लोकानां अपवादः) is another reading for लोकप्रवादः and means censure of the people, or popular censure. ७ दुर्निवारःDifficult to be warded off or avoided. ८ People who follow the bygones (who blindly do what has been done before by others) do not consider even & preaching procuress to be any authority in point of religion, as they do a Brahman (lit. the twice-born)even if he bethe killer of a cow. गतानुगतिकः गतं अनुगच्छतीतिगोघ्नम्-गा इतीति गोघ्नः-उपपद. ९ Scriptures, works treating of religion, such as मनुस्मृति &c.
^(१)मरुस्थल्यां यथा वृष्टिः क्षुधार्ते भोजनं तथा।
दरिद्रे दीयते दानं सफल पाण्डुनन्दन॥१३॥
^(२)प्राणा यथात्मनोभीष्टा भूतानामपि ते तथा।
आत्मौपम्येन भूतेषु दयां कुर्वन्ति साधवः॥१२॥
**अपरं च। **
^(३)प्रत्याख्याने च दाने च सुखदुःखे प्रियाप्रिये।
आत्मौपम्येन पुरुषः प्रमाणमधिगच्छति॥१३॥
त्वं ^(४)चातीव दुर्ग^(५)तस्तेन तत्तुभ्यं दातुं स^(६)यत्नोहम्। तथा चोक्तम्
^(७)दरिद्रान्भर कौन्तेय मा प्रयच्छेश्वरे धनम्।
व्याधितस्यौषधं पथ्यं नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः॥१४॥
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** १** O son of Pandu, as s showor of rain is to the Maru land and food to a hungry person, so is charity given to a poor person (full of fruit). मरूस्थली is the barren tract of land comprised in Marwar and notorious for want of water. The locatives क्षुधार्ते andदरिद्रेare evidently used for the dative. This verse is omitted elsewhere. २ Just as life is dear to oneself, so it is to all creatures ; the good (therefore) show compassion to other creatures by comparing them to their own selves. अभीष्ट very dear. तथा viz.dear. औपम्येन an abstract noun from उपमा. For भूतेषु read also भूतानां ३ As regards the rejection of anything, charity, happiness or misery, likes or dislikes, a man obtains a standard (प्रमाणं) by comparison with himself. सुखदुःखयोः समाहारे, also प्रियाप्रिययोः समाहारे ४. Greatly. ५ In distress. ६ Endeavouring, trying (lit. full of efforts ). यत्नेन सहितः- ब० ७ Oh son of Kunti, feed or enrich the poor and do not give wealth to the rich; medicine is salutary or effectual to a diseased person. What is the use of medicines to him who is free fromany disease? कौंतेय—कुंत्याअपत्यं पुमान्a patronymic. ईश्वरे for ईश्वराय used inaccurately नीरूज, (ब.) निर्गता रुजा, यस्य.
अन्यच्च।
^(१)दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेनुपकारिणे।
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्विकं विदुः॥१५॥
तदत्र सरसि स्नात्वा सुवर्णकङ्कणं गृहाण। ततो याबदसौ तद्व**^(२)चःप्रतीतो लोभात्स^(३)रः स्नातुं प्रविशति तावन्महापङ्के निमग्नः पलायितुम^(४)क्षमः। पङ्के पतितं दृष्ट्वा व्याघ्रोवदत्। अह^(५)हमहापङ्के पतितोसि। अतस्त्वामहमुत्थापर्यांमि। इत्युक्त्वा शनैः^(७)**शनैरुपगम्य तेन व्याघ्रेण धृतः स पान्थोचिन्तयत्
^(८)न धर्मशास्त्रं पठतीति कारणं
न चापि वेदाध्ययनं दुरात्मनः।
स्वभाव एवात्र तथातिरिच्यते
यथा प्रकृत्या मधुरं गवां पयः॥१६॥
किंच।
^(९)अवशेन्द्रियचित्तानां हस्तिस्नानमिव क्रिया।
दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना॥१७॥
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** १**That alone, thay say, is real (दान) charity, which is given to one who has not laid the donor under any obligations, andwhich is given away in a proper place and at a proper time andto a fitting person. दातव्यमिति दानं a thing wished or intended to be given in charity. अनुपकारिणे न. त. २ Placing confidence in his words, तस्य वचसि प्रतीतः स. त. ३ सरः object of प्रविशति ४ Unable. ५ Alas!६ उत्थापय causal of स्था with उद् 1 P. raise or lift up. ७ Gradually, slowly and slowly. ८ That a wicked person quotes religious texts or that he has studied the Vedas, is no reason (why confidence should be reposed in him). Nature alone predominates in his case, just as the milk of the cow is sweet by nature. Understandविश्वासस्य after कारणं. ९ The actions of those who have no control over their senses and mind, are like the bathing of the elephant which instead of cleaning its body makes it dirtier bythe mud thrown over it with the trunk ); for ) knowledge without practice is like ornaments put on by anunhappy wife. अवशेंद्रियचित्तानां (ब.) अवशानिइंद्रियचित्तानि येषाम्हस्तिस्नानं the bathing operation of the elephant which while in water throws dirty water over the whole ,body and thus renders it (bathing) useless: दुर्भगाभरण may either mean दर्भगायाः आभरणानि or दुर्भगायाः भरणं (पाषणं) the feeding of a widow (lit. an unfortunate woman.)ज्ञान and क्रियाare theory and practice of anything.
त**^(१)न्मया भद्रं न कृतं यदत्र मारात्म^(२)**के विश्वासः कृतः। तथा ह्युक्तम्।
^(३)सर्वस्य हि परीक्ष्यन्ते स्वभावा नेतरे गुणाः।
अतीत्य हि गुणान्सर्वान्स्वभावो मूर्ध्नि वर्तते॥१८॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)स हि गगनविहारी कल्मषध्वंसकारी
दशशतकरधारी ज्योतिषां मध्यचारी।
विधुरपि विधियोगाद्ग्रस्यते राहुणासौ
लिखितमपि ललाटे प्रोज्झितुं कः समर्थः॥१९॥
इति चिन्तयन्नेवासौ व्याघ्रेण व्यापादितः खादितश्च। **^(५)अतोहं ब्रवीमि। कङ्कणस्य तु लोभेन इत्यादि। अतः सर्वथावि^(६)**चारितं कर्म न कर्तव्यम्। यतः।
^(७)सुजीर्णमन्नं सुविचक्षणः सुतः
सुशासिता स्त्री नृपतिः सुसेवितः।
सुचिन्त्य चोक्तं सुविचार्य यत्कृतं
सुदीर्घकालेपि न याति विक्रियाम्॥२०॥
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** १** तत् corresponds to यत्. २ मारात्मक adj. Murderous deadly. ३ The dispositions of all should be tested (lit. are tested) and not other qualities; for (हि) having set aside or surpassed all other qualities, disposition stands at the head, that is, predominates. अतीत्य abs. from इ with अति 2 P. मूर्ध्निloc. sing. of मूर्धन् (m.) the head. ४ For the well-known (सः असौ) moon who sports about in the sky, who destroys all darkness, who has a thousand rays (कर) and moves in the centre of the stars (ज्योतिषां) iseclipsed (swallowed) by Ráhu through the order of fate. Who is able to wipe off or avoid what is written on the forehead (by fate) ? गगनविहारी-गगने विहरतीति० उप०. कल्मष ध्वंसं करोतीति० उप Similarly दशशतकरधारी, मध्यचारी &c. प्रोज्झितंInf of purpose form उज्झ 6 P. with प्र. ५ अतोहं &c. There fore I say &c. ६ Thoughtless, inconsiderate. ७ Well digested food, a very discreet son, a well disciplined wife an honestly served king, what is uttered after dee] thought, and what is done after due deliberation—(thesedo not change (produce no contrary results) for the worse even for a long time.
एतद्वचनं श्रुत्वा कश्चित्कपोतः सदर्पमा**^(१)ह—^(२)आः किमेव^(३)**मुच्यते।
^(४)वृद्धानां वचनं ग्राह्यमापत्काले ह्युपस्थिते।
सर्वत्रैषां विचारेण भोजनेप्यप्रवर्तनम्॥२१॥
यतः। ^(५)शङ्काभिः सर्वमाक्रान्तमन्नं पानं च भूतले।
प्रवृत्तिः कुत्र कर्तव्या जीवितव्यं कथं नु वा॥२२॥
^(६)ईर्षी घृणी त्वसंतुष्टः क्रोधनो नित्यशङ्कितः।
परभाग्योपजीवी च षडेते दुःखभागिनः॥२३॥
एतच्छ्रुत्वा सर्वे कपोतास्तत्रो^(७)पविष्टाः। यतः।
सुम^(८)हान्त्यपि शास्त्राणि धारयन्तो बहुश्रुताः।
छेत्तारः संशयानां च क्लिश्यन्ते लोभमोहिताः॥२४॥
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१ सदर्पम् with arrogance, arrogantly. दर्पेण सहितम् अव्य० २ Oh fie! ३ Why do you say so? lit.why is it so said? ४ For the advice of elderly persons should be followed when the time of danger arrives; by following their (एषां) thought everywhere, there will be no attempt made even to get a dinner. For सर्वत्रैषां there is another reading सर्वत्रैवं, which means, by so considering in every case, if we so consider in every case. ग्राह्यां—should be accepted. ५ All food and drink on the surface of the earth is surrounded by dangers; where should attempts (lit proceeding) be made or how should one live? नुis an interrogative particle.६ He who is envious, he who is compassionate, he who is discontented, he who is passionate, he who is ever suspicious and he who lives on the fortune of another-these six are miserable (lit. are the sufferers of grief). परभाग्योपजीविन्-परभाग्येन उपजीवतीति उप० भागिन् adj. suffering &c. ७ तत्रोप &c, Sat or remained. where they were before, ८ Even those who have mastered all the great sciences, who are well-read or well-informed and who are able to solve all doubts, suffer misery when they are stupefied or blinded by avarice. बहुश्रुताः=श्रुतं बहु यैः ते-rather an unusual way of forming a compound. लोभमोहिताः (तृ. त.) लोभेनमोहिताः.
अन्यच्च।
^(१)लोभात्क्रोधः प्रभवति लोभात्कामः प्रजायते।
लोभान्मोहश्चनाशश्चलोभः पापस्य कारणम्॥२५॥
अन्यच्च।
अ^(२)संभवं हेममृगस्य जन्म।
तथापि रामो लुलुभे मृगाय।
प्रायः समापन्नविपत्तिकाले
धियोपि पुंसां मलिना भवन्ति॥२६॥
** **अनन्तरं सर्वे जालेन बद्धा बभूवुः। ततो यस्य वचनात्तत्रावलम्बि^(३)तास्तं सर्वे तिरस्कुर्वन्ति। यतः।
^(४)न गणस्याग्रतो गच्छेत्सिद्धे कार्ये समं फलम्।
यदि कार्यविपत्तिः स्यान्मुखरस्तत्र हन्यते॥२७॥
**^(५)**तस्य तिरस्कारं श्रुत्वा चित्रग्रीव उवाच। नायमस्य दोषः। यतः।
^(६)आपदामापतन्तीनां हितोप्यायाति हेतुताम्।
मातृजङ्घा हि वत्सस्य स्तम्भीभवति बन्धने॥२८॥
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** १** From avarice arises anger, from avarice is produced desire for pleasure, from avarice result infatuation and destruction ; avarice is the root of sin. Of. लोभमूलानि पापानि Understand either प्रजायते or प्रभवति after each of मोहःand नाशः २. Impossible is the existence of a golden deer, still Ráma wished for such a one; generally when some misfortune is at hand, even the talents of people become obscured or dull. असंभवम् व. समापन्नायाः विपत्तेः काले ष. त. ३. Remained, hung back. ४One should not go at the head of the masses, for if the business succeeds, the fruit isthe same (to all.); but if there be any mislap to the work in hand or if the undertaking fail, the leader of it is killed. ५ तस्य तिरस्कारं is an instance of the objective genitive in Sanskrit. It is equivalent to तस्यान्यैस्तिरस्करणं as opposed to तेन अन्येषां तिरस्करणम् which is the subjective genitive. ६Even a friend becomes at times the cause of coming misfortunes ; (for instance) the lap of the mother (cow) serves as a post to tie the calf tightly (at the time of milking ). This refers to the practice of people tying the calf to the leg of the mother-cow when they milk her.
अन्यच्च।
^(१)स बन्धुर्यो विपन्नानामापदुद्धरणक्षमः।
न तु दुर्विहितातीतवस्तूपालम्भपण्डितः॥२९॥
विपत्काले विस्म**^(२)य एव कालपुरुषलक्षणम्। तदत्र धैर्यम^(३)**वलम्ब्य **^(४)**प्रतीकारश्चिन्त्यताम्। यतः।
^(५)विपदि धैर्यमथाभ्युदये क्षमा।
सदसि वाक्पटुता युधि विक्रमः।
यशसि चाभिरुचिर्व्यसनं श्रुतौ
प्रकृतिसिद्धमिदं हि महात्मनाम्॥३०॥
अन्यच्च।
^(६)षड् दोषाः पुरुषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता।
निद्रा तन्द्रा भयं क्रोध आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता॥३१॥
इदानीमप्येवं क्रियताम्। सर्वैरकेचित्तीभू**^(७)**य जालमादायोड्डी^(८)यताम्।
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** १**He is a friend of the miserable who is able to remove their misfortune, and not one who is clever in condemning & past thing which is ill-done. विपन्नानां may go either with बंधुः or आपद्. दुर्विहित &c. is aस० त० दुर्विहितस्य अतीतवस्तुनः उपालंभेपंडितः. The second line is differently read as न तु भीतपरित्राणवस्तूपालंभपंडितः, clever in condemning a thing devised to protect the timid &c. २ Stupefaction, being at a loss what to do. ३ Having taken heart, having depended on courage. ४ Remedy, retaliation, ५ Courage in adversity, so also forbearance in prosperity, cleverness of speech in an assembly, bravery in battle, a liking for fame and a fond attachment to Vedic lore—all this is ready in the large-minded by nature, or it is the inborn disposition of the great to be &c.
स० त० प्रकृतिसिद्ध. तृ. त. महात्मनां (ब.) महान्त आत्मानः येषां. ६ The following six faults or defects should be left off by a man who wishes for prosperity in this world (इह) ; vizsleep, slothfulness, fear or timidity, anger, laziness and dilatoriness. हातव्याः Pot. Part. from हा 3.P. to abandon. ७ Having become of one mind, unanimously. ८ Should fly off, Passive of डी 1 A. with उट्.
यतः।
^(१)अल्पानामपि वस्तूनां संहतिः कार्यसाधिका।
तृणैर्गुणत्वमापन्नैर्वध्यन्ते मत्तदन्तिनः॥३२॥
^(२)संहतिः श्रेयसी पुंसां स्वकुलैरल्पकैरपि।
तुषेणापि परित्यक्ता न प्ररोहन्ति तण्डुलाः॥३३॥
इति विचिन्त्य पक्षिणः सर्वे जालमादायोत्पतिताः। अनन्तरं सव्याधः सुदूराज्जाला**^(३)पहारकांस्तानवलोक्य पश्चा^(४)**द्धावन्नचिन्तयत्।
^(५)संहतास्तु हरन्त्येते मम जालं विहंगमाः।
यदा तु निपतिष्यन्ति वशमेष्यन्ति मे तदा॥३४॥
ततस्तेषु चक्षुर्विषया**^(६)**तिक्रान्तेषु पक्षिषु स व्याधो निवृत्तः।
अथ लु**^(७)**ब्धकं निवृत्तं दृष्ट्वा क़पोता ऊचुः। किमिदानीं कर्तुमुचितम्। चित्रग्रीव उवाच।
^(८)माता मित्रं पिता चेति स्वभावात्त्रितयं हितम्।
कार्यकारणतश्चान्ये भवन्ति हितबुद्धयः॥३५॥
तदस्माकं मित्रं हिरण्यको नाम मूषिकराजो गण्ड**^(९)**कीतीरे चित्रवने
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** १** The union even of trifling things accomplishes an object; intoxicated elephants are tied by means of grass made into ropes (गुजस्वमापनैः). २ Union with the members of one’s own caste or family though insignificant is beneficial to men;grains of rice, even when without the husk or chaff, do not grow. श्रेयसी adj. fem. from श्रेयस्. ३ The carriers of the net, those who carried away the net. ४ पश्चाद्धावन् running after them (the birds). ५ These birds are taking away my net as they are united ; but when they fall down or alight they will come within my power. मे वशमेष्यन्ति, will be subject to my power.. ६ When they had gone boyond the range o (sight. An instanco of Loc. Abs. ७ लुब्धकं = व्याधंthe hunter ८The mother, the friend and the father—these three (*lit.*this collection of threeत्रितयं) are naturally well-disposed;while others become so disposed through need or necessity (lit. by cause and effect). हितबुद्धयः (ब) हिताः बुद्धयः येषां ते. ९ गंडकी The name of a river flowing into the Ganges.
निवसति। सोस्माकं पाशांश्छेत्स्यति। इत्यालोच्य सर्वे हिरण्यकविवर**^(१)समीपं गताः। हिरण्यकश्च सर्वदापायशङ्का^(२)या शतद्वा^(३)रं विवरं कृत्वा निवसति। ततो हिरण्यकः कपोतावपात^(४)भयाच्चकितस्तूष्णीं^(५)** स्थितः। चित्रग्रीव उवाच। सखे हिरण्यक किमस्मान्न संभाषसे। ततो हिरण्यकस्तद्वचनं प्रत्यभिज्ञा**^(६)य ससं^(७)**भ्रमं बाहिर्निःसृत्याब्रवीत्। **^(८)**आः पुण्यवानस्मि। प्रियसुहृन्मे चित्रग्रीवः समायातः।
यस्य^(९) मित्रेण संभाषा यस्य मित्रेण संस्थितिः।
यस्य मित्रेण संलापस्ततो नास्तीह पुण्यवान्॥३६॥
पा**^(१०)शबद्धांश्चैतान्दृष्ट्वा सविस्मयः क्षणं स्थित्वोवाच। सखे किमेतत्। चित्रग्रीवोवदत्। सखे अस्माकं प्राक्तनजन्म^(११)**कर्मणः फलमेतत्।
^(१२)यस्माच्च येन च यथा च यदा च यच्च
यावच्च यत्र च शुभाशुभमात्मकर्म।
तस्माच्च तेनच तथा च तदा च तच्च
तावच्च तंत्र च विधातृवशादुपैति॥३७॥
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** १** Near the hole occupied by Hiranyaka. २ Through the suspicion of a danger. ३ Having a hundred doors or openings. शतं द्वाराणि यस्य. (ब०) ४ Through fear at the descent of the pigeons. ५ Quiet, silent. ६ Having recognized or made out. absol. from ज्ञा with प्रत्यभि 9 P. and A७ Hastily or hurriedly.८Here आःexpresses surprise. ९ There is, in this world, no one more meritorious than that man who holds conversation with a friend, who lives with a friend and who chitchats with a friend. ततः=तस्मात् and पुण्यवान्=पुण्यवत्तरः the positive used for the comparative. १० Caught in meshes. पाशैः or पाशेषु बद्धान् तृ० or स० तत्पुरुष. ११ This is the fruit of the actions (done by us) in our previous or former birth (or existence). प्राक्तनfrom प्राक् first, former and तन expressing time; Cf. अद्यतन, ह्यस्तन &c. of to-day of yesterday, &c. १२ By whatsoever reason, by whatsoever means, in whatsoever manner, at whatsoever time, in whatsoever proportion, in whatsoever place (one may have done) a good or evil action, the same comes back to one through the power of fate, for the same reason, by the same means, in the same way, at the same time, in the same proportion and in the same place.
** ^(१)रोगशोकपरीतपिबन्धनव्यसनानिचं।
आत्मापराधवृक्षाणां फलान्येतानि देहिमाम्ः॥३८॥**
एतच्छ्रुत्वा हिरण्यकश्चित्रग्रीवस्य बन्धनं छेतुंस**^(२)त्वरमुपसर्पति। चित्रग्रीव उवाच। मित्र मा मै^(३)वम्। अस्म^(४)**दाश्रितानामेषां **^(५)तावत्पाशांश्छिन्द्धि। तदाममं पाशं पश्चाच्छेत्स्यसि। हिरण्यकोप्याह। अहमल्प^(६)**शक्तिः। दन्ताश्च मे कोमलाः। तदेतेषां पाशांश्छेनुं कथं समर्थः। तद्यावन्मे दन्ता न त्रुट्यन्ति ^(८)तावत्तव पाशांछिनद्मि। तदनन्तरमेषामपि बन्धनं यावच्छ^(९)क्यं छेत्स्यामि। चित्रग्रीव उवाच। अस्त्वे^(१०)वम्। तथापि यथाशक्त्यैतेषां बन्धनान्यपनय^(११)। हिरण्यकेनोक्तम्। **^(१२)**आत्मपरित्यागेन यदाश्रितानां परिरक्षणं तन्ननीतिविदां संमतम्। यतः।
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१ Disease, sorrow, affliction, restraint and calamity—these are the fruits of the tree of their own faults, reaped by men. रोग&c. is a द्वंन्द्वःरोंगश्चं शोकश्च परीतापश्च, बंधनं च व्यसनं च=रोगशोकपरीतापबंधनव्यसनानि आत्मापराध. (ष० त०) आत्मनः अपराधाः;अपराधाएव वृक्षाःअपराधवृक्षाः क मं०२ Quickly. त्वरया सहितम्० अव्य० ३मा मा एंवम्. Do not, do not, (do) so–Here कुरु is understood after एवम् ४ अस्मदाश्रितानां=अस्माकमाश्रितानां ष० त० ५ तावत् In the first place, first as opposed to पश्चात् ६ अल्पशक्तिः (व) अल्पा शक्तिर्यस्य, having or possessing little strength.७ त्रुट्यन्ति break Cf. Mara’thi तुटर्णे. ८ यावत् तावत्— Before ९ यावच्छक्यं–(अव्य०) यावत् शक्यं भवति तावत् as far as lies in my power, to the best of my strength. १० अस्त्वेवम् It ( whát you say ) may be so, still &c. ११ अपनय Remove. Imper. 2nd P. S. of नी with अप. १२ आत्म….. समतंम्, Thàt dependents should be saved even at the cost of the master, is not approved (समतम्) or sanctioned by those who are well-versed in therules of conduct of morality (नीतिविदाम् ) आत्म परित्यागेन (ष० त०) नीतिविदाम् नीति विदन्तीति उपपदे.
^(१)आपदर्थं धनं रक्षेद्दारान्रक्षेद्धनैरपि।
आत्मानं सततं रक्षेद्दारैरपि धनैरपि॥३९॥
अन्यच्च। ^(२)धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणां प्राणाः संस्थितिहेतवः।
तान्निघ्नता किं न हतं रक्षता किं न रक्षितम्॥४०॥
चित्रग्रीव उवाच। सखे नीतिस्तावदीदृश्येव। किं त्वहमस्मदाश्रितानां दुःखं सोढुं**^(३)सर्वथासमर्थः। तेने^(४)**दं ब्रवीमि। यतः।
^(५)धनानि जीवितं चैव परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत्।
सन्निमित्ते वरं त्यागो विनाशे नियते सति॥४१॥
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** १** One should save wealth against the time oftrouble, should save the wife (दारान्) even at the expense of wealth, and should always save oneself at the sacrifice even of the wife and wealth. आपदर्थम्–आपदः अर्थम्० ष० त० The word दार declined always in the plural number and masculine gender, is in sense a singularnoun of the feminine gender. The use of the instrumental in the sense of at the cost of &c. is very common in Sanskrit. २ Life is the cause of securing (संस्थिति), धर्म (the performance of religious duties), अर्थ (prosperity or riches), काम (the enjoyment of worldly objects) and मोक्ष (final absolution); what has that man not destroyed who has destroyed it ( प्राणान्), and what has that man not saved who has saved it?धर्मार्थ…………Is a द्वंद्व धर्मश्च अर्थश्च कामश्च मोक्षश्च=धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाःतेषां धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणां संस्थितिहेतवः–षतनिघ्नताInstru. of निघ्नत् Pre. Parti. of हन् with नि 2 P. The sense of the whole verse is that as life is the cause by which these four (पुरुषार्थाः) are secured, it should be saved by all the means in one’s power. ३ सोढुम् Inf. of purpose from सह् 1 A. irregularly formed. ४ Therefore (lit. by. that). ५ A wise man should sacrifice his riches and lite for the sake of others; the giving up or sacrifice (of life) is preferable when made in a good cause ( सन्निमित्ते ) when destruction is certain (नियत). परार्थे (ष. त.) परेषांअर्थे.सन्निमित्ते may be taken either as a कर्मधारय (सति निमित्ते ) or ष० त० as सतां निमित्ते नियत appointod, fixed and hence destined, certain. For सन्निमित्ते there is another reading as तन्निमत्ते which means for their (others) sake.
अयमपरश्चा**^(१)**साधारणो हेतुः।
^(२)जातिद्रव्यगुणानां च साम्यमेषां मया सह।
मत्प्रभुत्वफलं ब्रूहि कदा किं तद्भविष्यति॥४२॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)विना वर्तनमेवैते नं त्यजन्ति ममान्तिकम्।
तन्मे प्राणव्ययेनापि जीवयैतान्ममाश्रितान्॥४३॥
किंच।
^(४)मांसमूत्रपुरीषास्थिनिर्मितेस्मिन्कलेवरे।
विनश्वरे विहायास्थां यशः पालय मित्र मे॥४४॥
अपरं च पश्य।
^(५)यदि नित्यमनित्येन निर्मलं मलवाहिना।
यशः कायेन लभ्येत तन्न लब्धं भवेन्नु किम्॥४५॥
यतः।
^(६)शरीरस्य गुणानां च दूरमत्यन्तमन्तरम्।
शरीरं क्षणविध्वंसि कल्पान्तस्थायिनो गुणाः॥४६॥
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** १**Uncommon, unusual. २ There is equality (साम्यं) between them and myself as regards kind, wealth and qualities, tell me when and what the fruit of my lordship (over them) will be (if not now) ? जातिद्रव्य&c. Is a द्वंद्व.मत्प्रभुत्वं—ष० त० ३ These pigeons will not (do not) leave my side even without remuneration (even if they do not get the means of livelihood from me); so even at the cost of my life, save these my dependentsअन्तिकं proximity, nearness and hence side. जीवय(caus. of जीव् 1 P. to live) cause to live, save.४ Oh my friend, having left off all regard for this perishable body made up as it is of flesh, bones and excrements (such as मूत्र urine and पुरीव odure) keep up my good name (यशस्). मांस मूत्र… निर्मिते &c. is तृ० त०. For अस्मिन् we have elsewhere च only. ५ If constant (नित्य) and unsullied (निर्मलं) fame be obtained by means of the body which is inconstant (perishable) and full of dirt (मलवाहिना); what may not be said to be obtained ? (that is everything can be said to be obtained) मलवाहिना-मलं वहतीति उप. नु is a particle used in asking questions. ६Thedifference between the body and qualities is very great (for) the body is perishable in a moment, while qualities remain to the end of the universe. क्षणविध्वंसि–क्षणेन विध्वंसते उप. कल्पातस्थायिनः—कल्पांते निष्टतीति उप. A कल्प is equal to 432 millions of human years and measures the duration of the world.
इत्याकर्ण्य हिरण्यकः प्रहृ**^(१)ष्टमनाः पु^(२)लकितः सन्नब्रवीत्। सा^(३)**धु मित्र साधु। **^(४)**अनेनाश्रितवात्सल्येन त्रैलोक्यस्यापि प्रभुत्वं त्वयि युज्यते। एवमुक्त्वा तेन सर्वेषां बन्धनानि छिन्नानि। ततो हिरण्यकः सर्वान्सादरं संपूज्याह। सखे चित्रग्रीव **^(५)**सर्वथात्र जालबन्धनविधौ दोषमाशङ्क्यात्मन्यवज्ञा न कर्तव्या। यतः।
^(६)योधिकाद्योजनशतात्पंश्यतीहामिषं खगः।
स एव प्राप्तकालस्तु पाशबन्धं न पश्यति॥४७॥
अपरं च।
^(७)शशिदिवाकरयोर्ग्रहपीडनं
गजभुजंगमयोरपि बन्धनम्।
मतिमतां च विलोक्य दरिद्रतां
विधिरहो बलवानिति मे मतिः॥४८॥
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** १** Rejoiced at heart. प्रहष्टं मनःयस्य व.१. व. २ पुलकितः Coveredwith horripulation; haying the hair standing erect. ३ Well done. ;४ अनेन … युज्यते For this (your) love or affection for your dependents, you deserve sovereignty over even the three worlds ( स्वर्ग, भूमि and पाताल. ) आश्रितवात्सल्य स. त.—त्वयि युज्यते Becomes thee, is fit for thee. सादरं (अव्यय) आदरेण सहितम् यथा तथा. ५ सर्वथा… कर्तव्या As regards this your being caught in the snares, you should not at all (सर्वथा) despise yourself, suspecting that you have committed any fault therein. अत्र= अस्मिन.६ That very bird who sees ( can see ) flesh from a distance of more than a hundred योजना’s, does not see the snares (laid for him) when his time (for destruction) is come. योजनशतात्a collection of a hundred योजन (which is equal to 8 English miles). प्राप्तकाल**:** ( ब ) प्राप्तः कालः (विनाशकालः) यस्य he whose time of destruction has arrived. ७ Having seen the distress caused by Ráhu and Ketu to the moon and the sun respectively, the restraint even of elephants and snakes and the poverty of the talented, the thought in my mind (मति) is, “ fate, alas! is powerful.”शशि &c., is a द्वंद्व ग्रहपीडनं refers to the obscuration or eclipes of the moon andthe sun. गजभुजंगमयो**:** is also a द्वंद्व.
अन्यच्च।**^(१)**व्योमैकान्तविहारिणोपि विहगाः संप्राप्नुवन्त्यापदं
बध्यन्ते निपुणैरगाधसलिलान्मत्स्याः समुद्रादपि।
दुर्नीतं किमिहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थानलाभे गुणः
कालो हि व्यसनप्रसारितकरो गृह्णाति दूरादपि॥४९॥
इति **^(२)प्रबोध्याति^(३)थ्यं कृत्वालिङ्ग्यच चित्रग्रीवस्तेन संप्रेषि^(४)**तो **^(५)**यथेष्टदेशान्सपरिवारो ययौ। हिरण्यकोपि स्वविवरं प्रविष्टः।
^(६)यानि कानि च मित्राणि कर्तव्यानि शतानि च।
पश्य मूषिकमित्रेण कपोता मुक्तबन्धनाः॥५०॥
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** १** Even the birds who lonely wander or sport in the sky; meet with calamity (in being caught in snares), the fish are caught by experts (fishermen) even from the unfathomable ocean, what is an evil act in this world, what is a virtuous one and what is the advantage (गुण) of securing a good position, for (हि) Time with his hands stretched forth for a calamity (व्यसन), seizes or takes even from a distance. व्योमै… णः - व्योम्नि एकांतः विहारः येषां whose exclusive (एकांत) sport is in the sky. अगाधंसलिलात्. (ब.) qualifying समुद्रात्. अगाधं सलिलं यस्य व्यसन कर (ब.) व्यसनाय प्रसारितौ करौ येन. २ Having admonished, having persuaded. ३ Hospitality अतिथेः मावः = आतिथ्यम्. ४ Sent, dismissed. P. P. of the caus. of इष् with सम् and प्र ५यथेष्ट… न् To the wished for regions.६ One should make hundreds of friends, be they of any kind or class: (यानि कानि); see ! the pigeons were freed from confinement by their friend, the mouse. The च. in the first linehas no special sense. It is only an expletive. मूषिकमित्रण (कर्म०) मूषिक एव मित्रं तेनमुक्तबंधनाः (ब०) मुक्तानि बंधनानि येषां.
अथ लघुपतन**^(१)कनामा काकः सर्ववृत्ता^(२)न्तदर्शी सांश्च^(३)र्यमिदमाह। अहो हिरण्यक श्ला^(४)घ्योसि। अतोहमपि त्वया सह मैत्रीमिच्छामि। अतो मां मैत्र्येणानु^(५)ग्रहीतुमर्हसि। एतच्छ्रुत्वा हिरण्यकोपि विवराभ्य^(६)**न्तरादाह। कस्त्वम्। स ब्रूते। लघुपतनकनामा वायसोहम्। हिरण्यको विहस्याह। **^(७)**का त्वया सह मैत्री। यतः।
^(८)यद्येन युज्यते लोके बुधस्तत्तेन योजयेत्।
अहमन्नं भवान्भोक्ता कथं प्रीतिर्भविष्यति॥५१॥
**अपरं च। **
^(९)भक्ष्यभक्षकयोः प्रीतिर्विपत्तेरेव कारणम्।
शृगालात्पाशबद्धोसौ मृगः काकेन रक्षितः॥५२॥
वायसोब्रवीत्। कथंमेतत्। हिरण्यकः क**^(१०)**थयति।
**॥कथा २॥ **
अस्ति ^(११)मगधदेशे चम्पकवती नामार^(१२)ण्यानी। तस्यां चिरान्महता^(१३) स्नेहेन
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** १** लघुपतनकनामा—लघुपतनकःनाम यस्य सः (ब०) २ He who had witnessed the whole affair. उपपद. ३ साश्चर्यम् With astonishment or wonder. आभर्येण सहित यथा तथा अव्य-० ४Praiseworthy.५ You should, therefore, favour. me .with (your) friendship मैत्र्यम् abso. noun from मित्र as मित्रस्य भावः. ६ From within the hole अभ्यन्तर interior, ७ What friendship can there be with you? that is, friendship between you and me is not possible. ८ A wise man should, in this world, unite that thing with another with which it is fit to be united ; I am the food and yourself the feeder (eater) ; how can there be friendship (between us two) ? ९ The friendship between the food and the feeder (eater) is the cause of nothing but misery; this deer caught in the net by the trick of a jackal (lit. by a jackal) was saved by a crow. भक्ष्यभक्षकयोः—द्वंद्वशृगालात् through the instrumentality of a jackal;from ajackal. १o How is this? how did what do you say happen? ११ मगध The name of a country, the Southern part of the modern Behar १२ A large forest. It is अरण्यानी or नि f. १३ For a long time.
मृगका**^(१)कौ निवसतः। स च मृगः स्वे^(२)च्छया भ्राम्यन्हृष्टपु^(३)ष्टाङ्गः केनचिच्छृगालेनावलोकितः। तं दृष्ट्वा शृगालोचिन्तयत्। आः^(४)** कथमेतन्मांसं सु**^(५)**ललितं भक्षयामि। भवतु। **^(६)**विश्वासं तावदुत्पादयामि। इत्यालोच्योपसृत्याब्रवीत्। **^(७)मित्र कुशलं ते। मृगेणोक्तम्। कस्त्वम्। स ब्रूते। क्षु^(८)द्रबुद्धिनामा जम्बुकोहम्। अ^(९)त्रारण्ये बु^(१०)न्धुहीनो मृत^(११)**वन्निवसामि। **^(१२)इदानीं त्वां मित्रमासाद्य पुनःसबन्धुर्जीबलोकं प्रविष्टोस्मि। अधुना तवानुचरेण मया सर्वथा भवितव्यम्।मृगेणोक्तम्। एवमस्तु। ततः पश्चादस्तंगते सवितरि भगवति मरीचिमा^(१३)लिनि तौ मृगस्य वासभूमिं गतौ। तत्र चम्पकवृक्ष^(१४)**शाखायां **^(१५)**सुबुद्धि-
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** १** मृगकाकौ (द्वंद्व) मृगश्च काकश्च. २ At will, as he pleased or at his pleasure. ३ With hisbody pleased and plump हृष्टपुष्टानि अंगानि यस्य (ब) ४ आ**:** here implies joy, pleasure and not anger or displeasure. ५ Delicious, soft and delicate. ६ विश्वासं… उत्पादयामि Let me, in the first place, create confidence in him,let me cause him to confide in me. ७मित्र &c. Friend, is it well with thee? or I hope thou art well. It may be taken either as a question or an assertion. ८ Evilintentioned, evil-minded, क्षुद्राबुद्धिर्यस्य.ब. ९ अत्रारण्ये=अस्मिन्नरण्ये. १० Whithout relation or friends.तृ त ११ Like.one dead, as if dead. १२ इदानीं त्वां…भवितव्यम् Now having,obtained you as a friend, or having obtained a friend in you, I have again returned to the land of the living with a friend (सबधुः); now I will be your attendant for good or forevil. The construction अनुचरेण मया भवितव्यम् is peculiar to Sanskrit, because it is not to be found either in Marathi or in English. Though the construction is passive, its English translation should bein the active voice. १३.मरीचिमालिन् [मरीचीनां] (मयूखानां) माला विद्यते यस्य सः मरीचिमालिन्; the termination इन् showing possession like मत् or वत् ]..Having a wreath or garland of rays, that is surrounded by a halo of rays and hence the sun.१४On a branch of the Champaka tree. १५ सुबुद्धि, of good intentionas opposed to क्षुद्रबुद्धि.
नामा काको मृगस्य, चि**^(१)रमित्रंनिवसति। तौ दृष्ट्वा काकोवदत्। सखेः चित्रा^(२)ङ्ग कोयं द्वितीयः। मृगो व्रुते। जम्बुकोयम्।^(३)अस्मत्सस्यमिच्छन्नागतः।काको ब्रूते। मित्रअकस्मा^(५)**दागन्तुना सह मैत्री न युक्ता। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(६)अज्ञातकुलशीलस्य वासो देयो न कस्यचित्।
मार्जारस्य हि दोषेण हतो गृध्रो जरद्गवः॥५३॥
तावाहतुः। कथमेतत्। काकः कथयति।
॥कथा ३॥
अस्ति भागीरथीतीरे गृध्रकू**^(७)टनाम्नि पर्वते महान्पर्कटीवृक्षः^(८)**।तस्य **^(९)कोटरे दैवदुर्विपा^(१०)काद्गलितन^(११)खनयमो जरद्गवनामा गृध्रः प्रतिवसति।^(१२)**अथ कृपया तज्जीवनाय तदृक्षवासिनः पक्षिणः स्वाहारात्किंचित्किंचिदुद्धृत्य ददति।
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** १**An old friend, afriend of long standing. २ चित्रांग—चित्राणि, अंगानि यस्य. (ब.) Of a chequered body.३ He is come with, a desireto form friendship with us. ४ With one whom we have unexpectedly met, or who has come to us all on asudden. And it is thus or so said. ६ Shelter should not be given to one whosefamily (descent) and disposition are unkown; for through the fault of the cat, the vulture, Jaradgava, was killed. अज्ञात &c. is a ब.. अज्ञाति कुलशीलि यस्य ७ गृध्रकूटनाम्नि—गृध्रकूटी नाम यस्य (व) Named, the cave ofvultures. ८ पर्कटीवृक्षः A tree resembling the silk cotton tree. ९ Hollow. १० By the adverseness of Fate दैवस्य दुर्विपाकात् ष. त. दुर्निपाक foul development ११ गलित… नयनः Who had his claws (nails) and eyes dropped dowṅ गलितानि नखनयनानि यस्य (ब.) १२ अथ………. ददति The birds roosting on the same tree, taking compassionon him (कृपया), took little bits from their own foodandgave them to him (the vulture) for his maintenance (तज्जीवनाय), तज्जीवनीय ष. त. तद्दृक्षवासिनः तस्मिन् वृक्षे वासोयेषां ते उद्धृत्य having saved or taken up.
तेना**^(१)सौ जीवति। अथ कदाचिद्दीर्घकर्ण^(२)नामामार्जारः पक्षि^(३)शावकान्भक्षितुं तत्रागतः। ततस्तमायान्तं दृष्ट्वा पक्षिशावकैर्भया^(४)र्तैः कोला^(५)हलः कृतः। तच्छ्रुत्वा जरद्गवेनोक्तम्। कोयमायाति। दीर्घकर्णो गृध्रमवलोक्य स^(६)**भयमाह। हा **^(७)**हतोस्मि। यतः।
^(८)तावद्भयस्य भेतव्यं यावद्भयमनागतम्।
आगतं तु भयं वीक्ष्य नरः कुर्याद्यथोचितम्॥५४॥
अधुनास्य संनिधा**^(९)ने पलायितुमक्ष^(१०)**मः। **^(११)**तद्यथा भवितव्यं तद्भवतु। **^(१२)**तावद्विश्वासमुत्पाद्यास्य समीपमुपगच्छामि। **^(१३)**इत्यालोच्योपसृत्याब्रवीत्। आर्य त्वामभिवन्दे। गृध्रोवदत्। कस्त्वम्। सोवदत्। मार्जारोहम्। गृध्रो ब्रूते। **^(१४)दूरमपसर। नो चेद्ध^(१५)**न्तव्योसि मया। मार्जारोवदत्। श्रूयतां तावदस्मद्वचनम्। **^(१६)**ततो यद्यहं वध्यस्तदा हन्तव्यः। यतः।
^(१७)जातिमात्रेण किं कश्चिद्धन्यते पूज्यते क्वचित्।
व्यवहारं परिज्ञाय वध्यः पूज्योथवा भवेत्॥५५॥
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** १.**Thereby, on it. २ दीर्घकर्ण नामाnamed “ Long-eared ” दीर्घौ कर्णौ यस्य (ब.) ३ Young ones. ४ भयार्तैःDistressed with fear. ५ Noise, uproar. ६ With fear. भयेन यथा तथा अव्य. ७ हा… अस्मि alas! I am undone (killed).८ One should be afraid of any danger so long as such danger (भयं) has notarrived; but finding a danger actually come, a man should do what befits the occasion. अनागतं (न. त.) यथोचितम् (अव्यय) यथा उचितं भवति तथा ९ Proximity. १० Unable. ११ One would expect तथा instead of तत् or यत् instead of यथा. Come what may, at any risk. १२ In the first place. १३ Having thought so, with these thoughts. Abs from लोच् 1 A with आ १४ अपसर Be off, withdraw, move back. १५ नोचेत्… मया It not, (otherwise), you are sure to be killed by me, I shall surely kill you. १६ If you find that I am fit to be killed, Ishould be killed (and not otherwise). १७ Is any one ever killed or worshipped simply for his birth in a particular species? One may be (thought) fit to be killed or worshipped, after one’s actions are known (to be good or otherwise). जातिमात्रेण—जात्याः मात्रेण ष. त. मात्र (n.) one thing only and noother, then it is translated by ’ only, simply.’व्यवहार Conduct, mode of action.
गृध्रोब्रूते। ब्रूहि। किमर्थमागतोसि। सोवदत्। अहमत्र गङ्गातीरे नित्यस्ना**^(१)यी ब्र^(२)ह्मचारी चांद्राय^(३)णव्रतमाचरंस्तिष्ठामि। यूयं धर्मज्ञा^(४)नरता विश्वा^(५)सभूमय इति पक्षिणः सर्वे सर्वदा ममा^(६)ग्रे प्रस्तुवन्ति। अतो भवद्भयो विद्या^(७)वयोवृद्धेभ्यो धर्मं श्रोतुमिहागतः। भवन्तश्चैतादृशा धर्मज्ञा^(८)** यन्प्रामतिथिं हन्तुमुद्यताः**^(९)। गृहस्थ^(१०)**धर्मश्चैषः।
^(११)अरावप्युचितं कार्यमातिथ्यं गृहमागते।
छेत्तुः पार्श्वगत छायां नोपसंहरते द्रुमः॥५६॥
यदि वा धनं नास्ति तदा प्रीतिवचसाप्यतिथिः पूज्य एव। यतः।
^(१२)तृणानि भूमिरुदकं वाक्चतुर्थी च सूनृता।
एतान्यपि सतां गेहे नोच्छिद्यन्ते कदाचन॥५७॥
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** १** नित्यस्नायी Bathing every day. नित्यं स्नातीति उपपद २ Leading the life of celibacy, passing a single life. ३ चांद्रायणव्रतं &c. Observing the vow called चांद्रायण, according to which the observer regulates his mouthfuls of food; he eats one mouthful on the first day of the month (शुद्धप्रतिपदि) and thus goes on increasing till the 15th (पौर्णिमा) and then decreases by one upto nothing on अमावास्या.४Wholly intent on the acquisition of the knowledge of religion (धर्म) स० त०. ५ A fit object or thing for putting confidence in ष० त०६ In my presence, before me.७ Old as regards learning and age. विद्यावयसोः वृद्धेभ्यः स० त० ८ Versed in religious knowledge. This is, of course, said ironically. ९ भवन्तः… उद्यताः. But you seem to be so well versed in the knowlodge of proper duties, that you are ready (उद्यताः) to kill me, who am a guest. १० A house-holder or a man of the world. ११ Proper hospitality should be shown (कार्य) even to an enemy who has come to our house; a tree does not withdraw (उपसंहरते ) its shade from the side of its cutter (lit. the shade fallen all round the cutter ). १२ Grass(grass-seat), ground, water and fourthly a pleasant speech-these at least (अपि) are never refused(नोच्छिवंत ) (in the house of the good. उच्छिषन्ते lit. Cut off, denied.
अपरं च।
नि^(१)र्गुणेष्वपि सत्त्वेषु दयांकुर्वन्ति साधवः।
नहि संहरते ज्योत्स्नां चन्द्रश्चाण्डालवेश्मनः॥५८॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)गुरुराग्निर्द्विजातीनां वर्णानां ब्राह्मणो गुरुः।
पतिरेको गुरुः स्त्रीणां सर्वत्राभ्यागतो गुरुः॥५९॥
^(३)अतिथिर्यस्य भग्नाशो गृहात्प्रतिनिवर्तते।
स तस्मै दुष्कृतं दत्त्वा पुण्यमादाय गच्छति॥६०॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)उत्तमस्यापि वर्णस्य नीचोपि गृहमागतः।
पूजनीयो यथायोग्यं सर्वदेवमयोतिथिः॥६१॥
गृध्रोवदत्। मार्जारो हि मांस**^(५)रुचिः। पक्षिशाव^(६)काश्चात्र निवसन्ति। ते^(७)**नाहमेवं ब्रवीमि। तच्छ्रुत्वा मार्जारो भूमिं स्पृष्ट्वा **^(८)**कर्णौ स्पृशति।
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** १** Good people show compassion even to creatures void of any merit, the moon does not withhold her light from the house of a Chándâla (low-caste) निर्गुणेषु० (ब.) निर्गताः न सन्ति वा गुणाः येषां०२ Fire is an object of worship (गुरुः) to the twice-born (Bráhmans), a Brahman, to the castes (four castes of the Hindus), the husband alone is an object of reverence to the wife and a guest is so everywhere (i. e. deserves reverence at the hands of every one). गुरुःlit. preceptor and hence aperson worthy of deep respect. द्विजाति (ब.)द्वेजाती यस्य—he who has two births (जाती).३The guest, who goes away disappointed in his hopes from the house of a man, gives him (the householder) his sins and takes away his merit. अतिथिः(ब.) न विद्यते तिथिर्यस्य hefor whose coming no day (तिथि) is fixed. भग्नाशः (ब.) भग्नाः आशाः यस्य.४ Even a low person coming (as a guest) to the house even of one of the best caste, should be honoured in a fitting manner ; (for) aguest is fullof all deities. उत्तमस्य वर्णस्य = ब्राह्मणस्य. सर्वदेवमयः =सर्वदेवः युक्तः युक्तःमय, being used as an adjectival affix in this sense. ५ Having a tastefor flesh (मासे रूचिर्यस्य) and hence an animal of prey ६ Young ones. ७Therefore, so. ८ Having touched the ground, touches his ears also.This is doneby way of swearing and showing one’s innocence.
ब्रूते च। मया धर्मशास्त्रं श्रुत्वा वी**^(१)तरागेणेदं दुष्क^(२)रं व्रतं चान्द्रायणमध्यव^(३)**सितम्। **^(४)**परस्परं विवदमानानामपि धर्मशास्त्राणाम् अहिंसा परमो धर्मः इत्यत्रैकमत्यम्। यतः।
^(५)सर्वहिंसानिवृत्ताये नराः सर्वसहाश्च ये।
सर्वस्याश्रयभूताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥६२॥
^(६)एक एव सहृद्धर्मो निधनेप्यनुयाति यः।
शरीरेण समं नाशं सर्वमन्यत्तु गच्छति॥६३॥
^(७)योत्ति यस्य यदा मांसमुभयोः पश्यतान्तरम्।
एकस्य क्षणिका प्रीतिरन्यः प्राणैर्विमुच्यते॥६४॥
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** १**One who has lost all affection or liking for worldly things.. वीतः(P. P. of इ 2 P. with वि) रागः यस्य. (ब.) २ Difficult to perform कर्तुमशक्यम् orदुःखेन कर्तुं शक्यम् ३. P. P. of सो 4 P, with अधिand अव. Performed, practised. ४ परस्परं… मत्यम्, ’ The doctrine, “absence of killing is the greatest religion,” “is unanimously agreed to by all religious scriptures, however contradictory they may be, that is, although different scriptures may contradict each other in other respects, they are all unanimous in this one respect, ऐकसत्यम् abst, noun from एकमत. ५ Those men who turn away from every kind of हिंसा (the practice of killing any being) and, those who forbearall things (that is, are patient) and those who area resort of safety to all —(these men) go to or obtain heaven. सर्वस्याः हिंसायाः निवृत्ताः (प. त.), सर्व सहत इति उपपद. Similarly explain स्वर्गगामिनः ६ Religion alone (exclusively) is our friend that follows us even in death, while everything else perishes along with thebody. Construe धर्मः एव एकः सुहृद् &c. ७Look at the difference between one who eats flesh and the other whose flesh heeats,one has pleasure, ( प्रीतिः ) only for a moment, (while) the other is left off by his life, that is, is killed, The construction here is rather irregular, For विमुज्यते we have elsewhere वियुज्यते, which means disunited separated from.
अपि च।
^(१)मर्तव्यमिति यद्दुःखं पुरुषस्योपजायते।
शक्यते नानुमानेन परेण परिवर्णितुम्॥६५॥
शृणु पुनः।
^(२)स्वच्छन्दवनजातेन शाकेनापि प्रपूर्यते।
अस्य दग्धोदरस्यार्थे कः कुर्यात्पातकं महत्॥६६॥
एवं वि**^(३)**श्वास्य स मार्जारस्तरुकोटरे स्थितः।
ततो दिनेषु**^(४)** गच्छत्सु पक्षिशावकाना**^(५)**क्रम्य कोटरमानीय प्रत्यहं खादति। येषामपत्यानि खादितानि तैः शोकार्तैर्विलपद्भिरितस्ततो ^(६)जिज्ञासा समारब्धा। तत्परिज्ञाय मार्जारः कोटरान्निःसृत्य बहिःपलायितः। ` पश्चात्पक्षिभिरितस्ततो निरू^(७)पयद्भिस्तत्र तरुकोटरे शावकास्थीनि प्राप्तानि। अनन्तरं त ऊचुः। अनेनैव जरद्गवेनास्माकं शावकाः खादिताः। इति सर्वैः पक्षिभिर्निश्चित्य^(८) गृध्रो व्यापादितः।
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१The grief which a man feels at the thought that “he is sure to die”(मर्तव्यमिति), cannot be described by another by guess or imagination. Thè potential passive participles denote certainty. परिवर्णितम् has of course here a passive sense. The 2nd line is read differently as follows:—शक्यस्तेनानुमानेन परोपि परिरक्षिनुम्. It is possible to save another by guessing that. २This wretched belly is filledeven by vegetables that have spontaneously grown in the forest; who will, therefore, commit a hèinous crime for ; its sake स्वच्छंद &c. स्वच्छंद वने जातेन स० त० दग्धोदरं is thesubject of प्रपूर्यते understood from the second line. दग्ब lit. means burntand hence wretched, accursed. ३ Having thus inspired confidence (in himself in the mind of thevulture). ४ As days elapsed, as days rolled on, in course of time. ५ Having caught or seized. ६ जिज्ञासा समारब्धा A search was commeced, inquiry was sot on foot. जिज्ञासा is a desiderative noun fromहा 0.P. and A. and lit, meansthe desire to know’s and hence inquiry, search. By them who were making a close search here and there (इतस्तत**:**)— निरूपयदिः is Instr Plu. of निरूपयत् Pre. P. of रूप् with नि. ८ Having come to the conclusion.
अतोहं ब्रवीमि। अज्ञातकुलशीलस्य इत्यादि॥ इत्याकर्ण्य स जम्बुकः सको**^(१)पमाह। मृगस्य प्रथम^(२)दर्शनदिने भवानप्यज्ञातकुलशील एव। तत्कथं भवता सहैतस्य स्नेहा^(३)नुवृत्तिरुत्तरो^(४)**त्तरं वर्धते।
^(५)यत्र विद्वज्जनो नास्ति श्लाघ्यस्तत्राल्पधीरपि।
निरस्तपादपे देश एरण्डोपि द्रुमायते॥६७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(६)अयं निजः परो वेति गणना लघुचेतसाम्।
उदारचस्तिानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्॥६८॥
यथायं मृगो मम बन्धुस्तथा भवानपि। मृगोब्रवीत्। **^(७)**किमनेनोत्तरेण। सर्वैरकेषविश्रम्भालापैः सुखिभिः स्थीयताम्। यतः।
^(८)न कश्चित्कस्यचिन्मित्रं न कश्चित्कस्यचिद्रिपुः।
व्यवहारेण मित्राणि जायन्ते रिपवस्तथा॥६९॥
काकेनोक्तम्। एवमस्तु। अथ प्रातः सर्वे यथाभि**^(९)**मतदेशं गताः।
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** १** Angrily. कोपेन साहितं यथा तथा अन्य०२ On the firstday of themeeting३The courseor progress of friendshipअनुवृत्ति. litrepetition ४Successively.by and by in a place where there is no learned man; even one with scanty intellect is praised; even an eranda(castor) is considered to be or passes for a tree in a country which is destitute of trees अल्पधीः (व०) अल्पा धीः यस्य ***** (व०)विदस्ताःपारप्राः यस्मात् ****** is a denominative from……….. भल्पभीः (०) अस्पा ही य वाद (म.) विदस्ताः पादप्राः हा ’tive from :दुबइमवत् आभांति इमायते ( donomina- जितायंते 1&s ६“This is one’s own or another” is the consideration. (प्रशध्र) of the mean-minded, while as to the large minded, the whole earth; istheir family. ….. दारात What is the use of this dispute ….. ?let us all stay together in happiness or happily, (spending our time), in confidential chat.(for) No-body isone’s friend and nobody is one’s enemy; friends as well as enemiesare made bybehaviour (or conduct towards one …….९ To the regions they like best to frequent…………….. (अव्य०) अभिमतः देशः कर्म• तमनतिक्रम्य यथा तथा.
एकदा नि**^(१)भृतं शृगालो ब्रूते। सखे अस्मि^(२)**न्वनैकदेशे **^(३)**सस्यपूर्णक्षेत्रमस्ति। तदहं त्वां नीत्वा दर्शयामि। **^(४)तथा कृते सति मृगः प्र^(५)त्यहं तत्र गत्वा सस्यं खादति। अथ क्षेत्रपतिना तद्दृष्ट्वा पाशो योजि^(६)**तः। अनन्तरं पुनरागतो मृगः पाशैर्बद्धोचिन्तयत्। को मामितः **^(७)**कालपाशादिव व्याधपाशात्त्रातुं मित्रादन्यः समर्थः। **^(८)तत्रान्तरे जम्बुकस्तत्रागत्योप^(९)**स्थितोचिन्तयत्। **^(१०)**फलिता तावदस्माकं कपटप्रबन्धेन मनोरथसिद्धिः। **^(११)**एतस्योत्कृत्यमानस्य मांसासृग्लिप्तान्यस्थीनि मयावश्यं प्राप्तव्यानि। तानि **^(१२)बाहुल्येन भोजनानि भविष्यन्ति। मृगस्तं दृष्ट्टो^(१३)**ल्लोसितो ब्रूते। सखे छिन्द्धि **^(१४)**तावन्मम बन्धनम्। सत्वरं त्रायस्व माम्। यतः।
^(१५)आपत्सु मित्रं जानीयायुद्धे शूरमृणे शुचिम्।
भार्या क्षीणेषु वित्तेषु व्यसनेषु च बान्धवान्॥७०॥
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** १Covertly, secretly.२ In a certain part of the forest. वनस्य पकदेशे ष .त. ३ A field full of crops. तृ. त. ४ It being so done. viz., when the field was shown to the deer. Mark the use of the Loc, Abs. ५ Every day, daily. अहनि अहनि इति= प्रत्यहम्अव्य०६** Was laid, set up, P. P. of the caus, of युज् 7Pकाल and A. ७कालः….त्From these snares of the hunter (व्याधि पाशात्) solike the snares (or as If they were the snares); of death (काल). ८ In the meanwhile. ९ Approached or went near. (the dear); १० फलितां…… सिद्धि**:** As to the success of my desires, it has been accomplished by a series of frauds(कपटप्रबंधन). ११ एतस्य…. प्राप्तव्यानि.When he will be cut up (उत्कृत्यमानस्य) I shall certainly get his bonescovered all over with fleshand blood. Mark here the Gen. Abs. construction. It is equivalent to एतस्मिन् उत्कृत्यमाने or यदा अर्थ उत्कर्तिष्यते orउत्कृत्यते. मांसासाग्लिप्तानि (तृ. त.) मांसातृग्भ्यांलिप्तानि : १२ In great abundance. बाहुल्य is an,abst. noun from *** adj. Much, many.१३ Delighted. P. P. of the caus. of *** th 1P. with उद्. १४ In the first place, first of all.१५ One may test the fidelity of a friend in difficulties, the bravery of aperson in battle, honesty when there are debtsto be paidoff thefaithfulness of a wife when prosperity declines and (the affection of) relatives in calamities:
अपरं च।
^(१)उत्सवे व्यसने चैवदुर्भिक्षे राष्ट्रविप्लवे।
राजद्वारे श्मशाने च यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः॥७१॥
जम्बुको **^(२)**मुहुर्मुहुः पाशं विलोक्याचिन्तयत्। **^(३)**दृढस्तावदयं बन्धः। ब्रूतेच। सखे **^(४)स्नायुनिर्मिता। एते पाशाः। तदद्यभट्टार^(५)**कवारे कथमेतान्दन्तैः स्पृशामि। मित्र **^(६)यदि चित्ते नान्यथा मन्यसे तदा प्रभाते यत्त्वया वक्तव्यं तत्कर्तव्यम्। इत्युक्त्वा तत्समीप आत्मानमा^(७)च्छाद्य स्थितः सः। अनन्तरं स काकः प्रदो^(८)षकाले मृग^(९)**मनागतमवलोक्येत स्ततोन्विष्य **^(१०)**तथाविधं दृष्ट्वोवाच। सखे किमेतत्। मृगेणोक्तम्। अवधीरितसुहृद्वाक्यस्य **^(११)**फलमेतत्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(१२)सुहृदां हितकामानां यः शृणोति न भाषितम्।
** विपत्संनिहिता तस्य स नरः शत्रुनन्दनः॥७२॥**
काको ब्रूते। स व**^(१३)**ञ्चकः क्वास्ते। मृगेणोक्तम्। **^(१४)**मन्मांसार्थी तिष्ठत्यत्रैव।
** १He is one’s friend or relation, who stands by one in festivities; in difficulties, in a famine, when the kingdom is in dánger, at the door of a king and on the burial ground ; that is, he who assists another in all circumstances, is a true friend. For राष्ट्रविप्लवे there is another reading as शत्रुविग्रहे, which means, in a time of hostility with the enemy.२Again and again.३ As to these bonds, they are very : firm or secure४Made of muscles.५ On the day of the sun. ( भट्टारक ),that is, on Sunday, ६ यदि… कर्तव्यम्. If you do not think otherwise of me, or do not misunderstand me, I shall do what you bid me, to-morrow morning. ७ Having concealed himself. ८ At the time of evening, at sunset. ९ Having seen the deer not arrived; having seen that the deer had not returned. १० Having seen him(the deer) in that condition. ११. This is the fruit of having disregarded. the words of advice of a friend. अवधीरितं सुहृद्वाक्यम् (कर्म) तस्य फलम १२Adversity is always near that man who does not listen to theadvice of well-wishing friends,and he is adelight to his onemies. हितकामानां (ब.) हिताः कामाः येषाम् शत्रुनंदनः may be either dissolved as शत्रूणां नंदनाः (ष त.) or asशत्रून् नंदयन्तीति. उप. १३ A rogue, scoundrel१४** Desirous of my flesh, that is, eager to, eat my flesh.
. काको ब्रूते। उक्तमेव मया पूर्वम्।
^(१)अपराधो न मेस्तीति नैतद्विश्वासकारणम्।
विद्यते हि नृशंसेभ्यो भयं गुणवतामपि॥७३॥
^(२)परोक्षे कार्यहन्तारं प्रत्यक्षे प्रियवादिनम्।
वर्जयेत्तादृशं मित्रं विषकुम्भं पयोमुखम्॥७४॥
ततः काको दीर्घं **^(३)**निःश्वस्य अरे वंचक किं त्वया ^(४)पापकर्मणा कृतम्। यतः।
^(५)संलापितानां मधुरैर्वचोभि-
मिथ्योपचारैश्च वंशीकृतानाम्।
आशावतांश्रद्दधतां च लोके
किमर्थिनां वंचयितव्यमस्ति॥७५॥
^(६)उपकारिणि विश्रब्धे शुद्धमतौ यः समाचरति पापम्।
तं जनमसत्यसंधं भगवति वसुधे कथं वहसि॥७६॥
* **
१ The factthat I am innocent is no reason i whyI should be confident (that no one : will injure me).Even the meritorious have cause for apprehension from wickedpeople.२ A man should avoid that friend who mars his interests in his absence, and talks sweetly or agreeably in his presence, and who is, therefore, like a vessel full of poison and having milk on the surface. (only).. कार्यहन्तारं= कार्यस्य हतारं ष० त०, प्रियवादिनं उपपद. विषकुंभ ष० त० पयोमुखं : (ब०) पयोमुखे यस्य ३ Having fetched a deep sigh. ४पापकर्मणां ( ब० ) पापं कर्म यस्य. ५ What cre lit is there in deceiving, or is it proper to deceive, those whom you have induced, by means of sweet words, to converse; with you confidently, whom you have won over by false homages, who are hopeful, who have placed implicit faith in you and who are supplicants? संलापित P. P. of tho caus, of लप् with सम् 1 P. ६ Oh goddess earth! how dost than bear (upon thy surface) that treacherous man who wrongs (पापं समाचरति) a benevolent, confiding and pure· hearted person? शुद्धमतौ (ब०) शुद्धा मतिः यस्य, असत्यसंधम् (ब०) न सत्या ( असत्या ) संधा यस्य तम्.
^(१)दुर्जनेन समं सख्यं प्रीतिं चापि न कारयेत्।
उष्णो दहति चाङ्गारः शीतः कृष्णायते करम्॥७७॥
अथवा स्थि**^(२)**तिरियं दुर्जनानाम्।
^(३)प्राक्पादयोः पतति खादति पृष्ठमांसं
कर्णे कलं किमपि रौति शनैर्विचित्रम्।
छिद्रं निरुप्य सहसा प्रविशत्यशङ्कः
सर्वंखलस्य चरितं मशकः करोति॥७८॥
^(४)दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतद्विश्वासकारणम्।
मधु तिष्ठति जिह्वाग्रे हृदि हालाहलंविषम्॥७९॥
अथ प्रभाते क्षेत्रपति**^(५)र्लगुडहस्तस्तं प्रदेशमागच्छन्काकेनावलोकितः। तमालोक्य काकेनोक्तम्। सखे मृग त्वमात्मानं मृतवत्सं^(६)**दर्श्य वातेनोदरं **^(७)पुरयित्वा पादान्स्तब्धी^(८)**कृत्य तिष्ठ। यदाहं शब्दं करोमि
** १** One should not enter into friendship with, and feel affecrtion for; a wicked person.Fire when hot burnsand when cold blackens the hand (that touches it). २ The way or the thvariable rule ३ Before us, he falls at our feet; andbehind he bites our back ( lit, ests the ‘flesh of our baok ), gradually the hums some indistinctly sweet and curious sound in our ears, and having seen some hole (weak point), he all at once enters (takes advantage of) it fearlessly; in this Way a gnat behaves exactly like a wicked person (lit.doos all that’s wicked man does. ) पृष्ठमांसं. ष. त., अशंकः (ब.) नास्ति शंका यस्य ४ That a wicked man. talks sweetly is no reason why confidence should be placed in him; (for) there is honey at the tip of his tongue, while there is deadly poison in the heart. The poison हालाहल is supposed to be found along with the 13other रत्न’s (excellent things) churned out of the ocean by the gods and the demons.५ Having or carrying & cndgel in his hand. लगुडः हस्ते यस्य. ब.६Feigning as if dead, feigning death.७ Having filled the belly with air (so as to give it an appearance of being swollen ). ८ Having stiffened, or imade stiff.
तदा त्वमुत्थायः सत्वरं पलायिष्यसि। मृगस्तथैव काकवचनेन स्थितः। ततः क्षेत्रपतिना हर्षो**^(१)**त्फुल्ललोचनेन तथाविधो मृगःआलोकितः। ^(२)आः स्वयं मृतोसि। इत्युक्त्वा मृगं बन्धनान्मोचयित्वा पाशा^(३)न्ग्रहीतुं स^(४)यत्नो बभूव। ततः काकशब्दं श्रुत्वा मृगः सत्वरमुत्थाय पलायितः। तमुद्दिश्य^(५) तेन क्षेत्रपतिना क्षिप्तेन लगुडेन शृगालो इतः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(६)त्रिभिर्वर्षैस्त्रिभिर्मासैस्त्रिभिः पक्षैस्त्रिभिर्दिनैः।
अत्युत्कटैः पापपुण्यैरिहैव फलमश्नुते॥८०॥
अतोहं ब्रवीमि। भक्ष्यभक्षकयोः प्रीतिः इत्यादि॥काकः पुनराह।
^(७)भक्षितेनापि भवता नाहारो मम पुष्कलः।
त्वयि जीवति जीवामि चित्रग्रीव इवानघ॥८१॥
अन्यच्च
^(८)तिरश्चामपि विश्वासो दृष्टः पुण्यैककर्मणाम्।
सतां हि साधुशीलत्वात्स्वभावो न निवर्तते॥८२॥
*
** १** With the eyes glistening with delight.हर्षेण उत्फुल्लेयस्य तेन. ब.२ Ah ! you are dead of yourself, that is ithout my efforts to kill you.३ To gather, collect For**** there is another readingसंवरीतुम्in the same sense.४ Full of efforts, busy.५ Aiming at him, ६ A man reaps the fruit of deeds uncommonly meritorious or sinful in three years, three months, three fortnights or three days, even. in this very world. पापपुण्यैः (द्वंद्व ).७ Ohblameless one, even by eating you up, shall not get enough of food ; but when you are alive, I shall live like Chitragriva. भक्षितेनापि &c. is an instance of the Instr. absolute in Sanskrit and is equivalent to भक्षितेपि भक्षति अवध (व)नास्ति अयंयस्य सः ८ Mutual confidence is to be found (placed) ; even betweon birds and beasts., ( तिङश्चाम्) whose actions are invariably meritorious; for, the dis- position of the good never changes by reason of their Born goodness. “तिरश्च Gen. Plu, of तिर्यन् & lower animal. मुम्येककर्मणाम्. (ब.) पुष्यं एव एकं(अद्वितीयं) कर्म येषां साधु शीलस्य- साधु शीलंयेषां(ब.) तेषां भावः साधुशीलत्वम्
किं च
^(१)साधोः प्रकोपितस्यापि मनो नायाति विक्रियाम्।
न हि तापयितुं शक्यं सागराम्भस्तृणोल्कया॥८३॥
हिरण्यको ब्रूते। चपल**^(२)**स्त्वम्। चपलेन सह स्नेहः सर्वथा न कर्तव्यः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(३)मार्जारो महिषो मेषः काकः कापुरुषस्तथा।
विश्वासात्प्रभवन्त्येते विश्वासस्तत्र नोचितः॥८४॥
किं चान्यत्। **^(४)**शत्रुपक्षो भवानस्माकम्। उक्तं चैतत्।
^(५)शत्रुणा नहि संदध्यात्सुश्लिष्टेनापि संधिना।
सुतप्तमपि पानीयं शमयत्येव पावकम्॥८५॥
^(६)दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यो विद्ययालंकृतोपि सन्।
मणिना भूषितः सर्पः किमसौ न भयंकरः॥८६॥
^(७)यदशक्यं न तच्छक्यं यच्छक्यं शक्यमेव तत्।
नोदके शकटं याति न च नौर्गच्छति स्थले॥८७॥
** १** The mind of a good person though provoked (प्रकोपतस्यापि) undergoes no change ; for it is not possible to heat the water of the ocean with a fire-brand of straw (grass). तापयितुं has & passive force hore. २ Fickle ; unsteady. ३The cat, the goat, the ram, the crow and & coward—those get the upperhand over others through confidence (being placed in them), and it is, thorofore, not safe (proper ) to trust them. ४ An enemy lit.a partisan of the enemy. शत्रुः पक्षः यस्य, ब०. ५ One should never unite with an enemy even by means of a well-ratified treaty (सश्लिष्टेनापि संधिना); water.,though well-heated. does certainly extinguish fire.६ A wicked person though adorned by learning should be a voided ; is not (this) thecobra though adornedwith a jewel, dangerous ? परिहर्तव्यंPot. Puss, Párti. from हृ ‘with परि 1 P. ७ What is impossible is not possible, and what possible is surely so (possible); a cart cannot move on water nor a boat on land.
लघुपतनको ब्रूते। श्रुतं मया सर्वम्। तथापि मम चैतावान्सं**^(१)कल्पस्त्वया सह सौ^(२)हृद्यमवश्यं करणीयमिति। नो चे^(३)दनाहारेणात्मानं व्यापादयि^(४)ष्यामि।^(५)**तथा हि।
^(६)मृद्घटवत्सुखभेद्यो दुःसंधानश्च दुर्जनो भवति।
सुजनस्तु कनकघटवद्दुर्भेयश्चाशु संधेयः॥८८॥
किं च।
^(७)द्रवत्वात्सर्वलोहानां निमित्तान्मृगपक्षिणाम्।
भयाल्लोभाच्च मूर्खाणां संगतं दर्शनात्सताम्॥८९॥
किं च।
^(८)नारिकेलसमाकारा दृश्यन्ते हि सुहृज्जनाः।
अन्ये बदरिकाकारा बहिरेव मनोहराः॥९०॥
^(९)स्नेहच्छेदेपि साधूनां गुणा नायान्ति विक्रियाम्।
भङ्गेपि हि मृणालानामनुबध्नन्ति तन्तवः॥९१॥
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** १** Heart-felt desire; wish at heart २ Friendship सुहृदो भावः. ३ Absonco of eating, starvation. ४ व्यापादयिष्यामि ( 2nd future of the caus. ofपद् 4 A. withविand आ) shall destroy or kill (myself). ५ For instanco. ६ The friendship with a wicked person is easily broken, and when broken it is difficult to be formed again and so it is like an earthen vossel which breaks easily and can never be joined, while a good man is like a gold vessel which is hard to break and can be easily joined together if broken सुखभेद्य तृ.त७The union between metals (लोहानां) takes place on account of their ductility, between beasts and birds through some motive, between fools through fear and avarice and betwoon good men at the mere sight of cach other. ८Good friends seem to have the appearance of cocoa-nuts (i. e. rough and hard on the outside but soft and sweet inside); while othors ( i. c. those who are not faithful friends) are like the Badari fruit in appearance, charming only on the outside (but hard and bitter inside). नारिकेल &c. and बदरिकाकारा are वः नारिकेलैः समाः आकाराः येषां ते. &c. ९ The qualities of the good undergo no change even when friendship is broken; for the fibres of lotus-stalks keep together even when they (stalks are broken. स्नेहच्छेदे ष. त.
अन्यच्च।
शुचित्वं त्यागिता शौर्यंसामान्यं सुखदुःखयोः।
‘दाक्षिण्यं चानुरक्तिश्च सत्यतां च ^(१)सुहृद्गुणाः॥९२॥
एतैर्गुणैरुपेतो **^(२)भवदन्यो मया कः सुहृत्प्राप्तव्यः। इत्यादि तद्वचनमाकर्ण्य हिरण्यको बहिर्निःसृत्या^(३)ह। आप्या^(४)**यितोहं भवतामनेन वचनामृतेन। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(५)घर्मार्तंन तथा सुशीतलर्जलैः स्नानं न मुक्तावली
न श्रीखण्डविलेपनं सुखयति प्रत्यङ्गमप्यर्पितम्।
प्रीत्यासज्जनभाषितं प्रभवति प्रायो यथा चेतसः
सद्युक्त्या च पुरस्कृतं सुकृतिनामाकृष्टिमन्त्रोपमम्॥९३॥
अन्यच्च।
^(६)रहस्यभेदो याञ्चा चनैष्ठुर्यंचलचित्तता।
क्रोधो निःसत्यता द्यूतमेतन्मित्रस्य दूषणम्॥९४॥
**^(७)**अनेन वचनक्रमेण तदे^(८)कदूषणमपि त्वयि न लक्ष्यते। यतः।
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** १**Parity ( of conduct.), liberality, bravery, indifference (sameness) to pleasure and pain, politeness or kindness, at- tachment and truthfulness-(these) are the qualities (necesary );in a friend. सामान्यं (abst. noun from समान) means also eonstancy. सुहृद्गुणाः ष. त. २ Other than yourself (भवतः अन्य) ३ Having issued or come out. ४ Gratitied, pleased, from प्यै ( with आ caus. ) ५ To one who is oppressed with heat, not bathing with cold water, not a garland of pearls, not smearing the body with sandal wood pigment applied to every limb, affords so much delight as the words of the good, uttered with affection, given out with happy arguments resembling a mystic charm for attraction, do ( i. s. afford ) to the mind of the virtuous. घर्मार्त तृ॰ त॰, सुशीतलजलैः कर्म, मुक्तावली ष. त, श्रीखंडविलेपनं तृ० त०, प्रत्यंगम्, (अव्य) अंगे अंग प्रत्यंगम्. आकृष्टिमंत्रोपमम् (ब.) आकृष्टिमंत्रस्य उपमा यस्य. ६ Divulging a secret, beggary, hardheartedness, fickleness of disposition, anger, untruth- fulness and gambling—these are the drawbacks in a friend.. रहस्यभेदः” ष० त० नैष्ठुर्यंabs. noun from निष्ठुर. चलश्चित्त is a कर्म-० and तस्य भावः चलश्चित्तता. ७ अनेन &c. According to the order of faults mentioned in this saying ( वचनं ) that is, of the various faults to be e condemned in a friend. ८ तदेक (तेषां एकंष० त०) ‘One of them.
^(१)पटुत्वं सत्यवादित्वं कथायोगेन बुध्यते।
अस्तब्धत्वमचापल्यं प्रत्यक्षेणावगम्यते॥९५॥
अपरं च।
^(२)अन्यथैव हि सौहार्दंभवेत्स्वच्छान्तरात्मनः।
प्रवर्ततेन्यथा वाणी शाठ्योपहतचेतसः॥९६॥
^(३)मनस्यन्यद्वचस्यन्यत्कार्यमन्यद्दुरात्मनाम्।
मनस्येकं वचस्येकं कर्मण्येकं महात्मनाम्॥९७॥
तद्भवतु **^(४)भवतोभिमतमेव। इत्युक्त्वा हिरण्यको मै^(५)त्र्यंविधाय भो^(६)जनविशेषैर्वायसं संतोष्य विवरं प्रविष्टः। वायसोपि स्वस्थानं गतः। ततः प्रभृति तयोरन्यो^(७)**न्याहारप्रदानेन **^(८)**कुशलप्रश्नविश्र^(९)म्भालापैश्च **^(१०)**कालोतिवर्तते।
एकदा लघुपतनको हिरण्यकमाह। सखे कष्टतरलम्या**^(११)**हारमिदं
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१ Oleverness and truthfulness are known in the course of conversation, (while) want of steadiness and constancy (lit. non-fickleness) are directly known. २ Of one sort is the friendship of him whose mind ( inner self) is pure, while the speech of him whose mind is full of deceit, inclines in the contrary direction. सौहार्दम् abs. noun from सुहृद् स्वच्छान्तरात्मनः (ब.) स्वच्छः अंतरात्मा यस्यशाठ्योपहतचेतसः (ब.) शाठ्येन उपहतं चेतः यस्य ३ There is one thing in the mind, another in the speech and a third in the deed of the evil-minded, while there is the same thing in the mind, speech and action of the large-minded. दुरात्मनां (ब.) दुष्टः आत्मा येषां तेषां महात्मन् to be dissolved similarly. ४Let what you desire take place ; pleass yourself. ५Having formed friendship (with the crow). ६ भोजनविशेषैः (भोजनानां विशेषैः ) Special estables or dainties.७ By the exchange of food between themselves. ८ In inquiring after each othor’s health. कुशलैः प्रश्नैः कर्म. ९ In confidential conversation विश्रंमस्यालापै**:**. All the three instrumentals are idiomatically used for Locatives. Passed, went away, wore on. ११ In which it is verydifficult to obtain one’s food. कष्टतरलभ्यः आहारः यस्मिन् .ब
स्थानं परित्यज्य स्था**^(१)**नान्तरं गन्तुमिच्छामि। हिरण्यको ब्रूते। मित्र क्वगन्तव्यम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(२)चलत्येकेन पादेन तिष्ठत्येकेन बुद्धिमान्।
माऽसमीक्ष्य परं स्थानं पूर्वमायतनं त्यजेत्॥९८॥
वायसो ब्रूते। अस्ति सुनि**^(३)रूपितस्थानम्। हिरण्यकोवदत्। किं तत्। वायसो ब्रूते। अस्ति दण्ड^(४)कारण्ये कर्पूरगौराभि^(५)धानं सरः। तत्र चिर^(६)कालोपार्जितः प्रियसुहृन्मे म^(७)न्थराभिधानः क^(८)च्छपो धार्मि^(९)**कः प्रतिवसति। यतः।
^(१०)परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यं सर्वेषां सुकरं नृणाम्।
धर्मे स्वयमनुष्ठानं कस्यचित्तु महात्मनः॥९९॥
स च भोजनविशेषैर्मा सं**^(११)वर्धयिष्यति। हिरण्यकोप्याह। तत्किमत्रा^(१२)**वस्थाय मया कर्तव्यम्। यतः।
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** १** To another place. अन्यत् स्थानं कर्म. २ A talented man goes away with one foot and remains with the other; one should not leave one’s old abode without examining the new one. The sense is, a wise man is ever ready for anything, but he must think thrice before taking any step.३ Well-examined and marked. ४ In the forest of Dandaka, a tract of land between the Godávari and Narmadá in ancient times. ५ Bearing the name of Karpúragaura ( white as camphor ). ६ Secured a long time ago. पं. त. ७Cálled Manthara ( the slow ). ८ A tortoise. ९ Religious, pious.१० It is a very easy thing for all to be skilled in offering advice to others, but doing one’s duty in one’s own religion (that is acting according to one’s religion ) is to be found only in a large-minded person. परोपदेश is a dative त. परेभ्यः उपदेशःः For स्वयं there is another reading स्वीयं११ Will support me or feed me. १२ By remaining here.
^(१)यस्मिन्देशे न संमानोः न वृत्तिर्न च बान्धवः।
. न च विद्यागमः कश्चित्तं देशं परिवर्जयेत्॥१००॥
अपरं च।
**^(२)लोकयात्रा भयं लज्जा दाक्षिण्यं त्यागशीलता।
पञ्च यत्र न विद्यन्ते न कुर्यात्तत्र संस्थितिम्॥१०१॥ **
^(३)तत्र मित्र न वस्तव्यं यत्र नास्ति चतुष्टयम्।
ऋणदाता च वैद्यश्चश्रोत्रियः सजला नदी॥१०२॥
ततो मामपि तत्र नय। अथ वायसस्तत्र तेन मित्रेण सह विचित्रा**^(४)लापैः सुखेन तस्य सरसः समीपं ययौ। ततो मन्थरो दूरादवलोक्य लघुपतनकस्य यथोचित^(५)**मातिथ्यं विधाय मूषिकस्यातिथिसत्कारं चकार। यतः।
^(६)बालो वा यदि वा वृद्धो युवा वा गृहमागतः।
तस्य पूजा विधातव्या सर्वस्याभ्यागतो गुरुः॥१०३॥
वायसोवदत्। सखे मन्थर सविशेषपूजामस्मै**^(७)** विधेहि। यतोयं
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** १**One should leave that country where he has no respect, no means of livelihood, no relative and no chance of acquiring learning. विद्यागमः ( ष० त०) २ One should not reside (make no residence) in a place where the (following) five are not to be found, viz., livelihood, fear, sense of shame, kindness or politeness and disposition to charity. ३ One should not dwell there, oh friend, where there do not exist these four things, viz., a creditor (lit. one who give loans), a physician, a Bráhman versed in the Vedic lore and a river full of water. चतुष्टयa collection of four. ऋणदाता ( उपपद) ऋणं ददातीति सजला (ब०) जलेन सहिता.. ४ Conversations upon diverse subjects. विचित्रैः, आलापैः. कर्म ० ५ As befitted him. यथोचितं अव्य० ६ Proper respect should be shown to one who come to our house as a guest, be he a boy, a youth or an old man ; a guest is an object of worship to all. ७ सविशेष… विधेहि Do (pay ) special honour to him.
**^(१)**पुण्यकर्मणां **^(२)धुरीणः कारुण्यर^(३)त्नाकरो हिरण्यकनामा मूषिकराजः। एतस्य गुण^(४)स्तुतिं जिह्वास^(५)हस्रद्वयेनापि सर्पराजो न कदाचित्कथयितुं समर्थः स्यात्। इत्युक्त्वा चित्रग्रीवो^(६)पाख्यानं वर्णि^(७)**तवान्। मन्थरः **^(८)**सादरं हिरण्यकसंपूज्याह। **^(९)भद्र आत्मनो निर्जनवनाग^(१०)**मनकारणमाख्यातुमर्हसि। हिरण्यकोवदत्। कथयामि। श्रूयताम्।
॥कथा४॥
अस्ति चम्पकाभिधा**^(११)नायां नगर्यां परिव्रा^(१२)जकाव^(१३)सथः। तत्र चूडाकर्णो नाम परि^(१४)व्राट्प्रतिवसति। स च भोजनावशिष्टभि^(१४)**क्षान्नसहितं
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** १** पुण्य &c. Of those whose actions are meritorious. पुण्यानि कर्माणि येषां. ब. २ The foremost person, chief. ३ An ocean of; kindness or mercy. कारुण्य is an abstract noun from करुणand रत्नाकर (रत्नानां आकर) a mine of jewels and hence-an ocean. ४ गुणस्तुतिं The praise of his merits. गुणानां स्तुतिं ष० त० ५ जिव्हा&c. Even with two thousand tongues जिव्हानां सहस्रं=जिव्हासहस्रं and तस्य द्वयं सर्पराज (शेष ) is said to have two thousand tongues, for he has one thousand heads or hoods and each head contains two tongues; a cobra is a द्विजिव्हbecause his tongue is split up into two. सर्पाणां राजा. ष० त० The word राजन् loses its न् in a Tat. compound, e.g. महराजः &c. ६ The episode of Chitragriva, the king of pigeons. ७ वर्णितवान्. Nom. Sing. Masc. of the Past Participle active of वर्ण 10. The termination isवत् added on to theforms of the P. P. Passive to make up the active forms, e. g. कृतः P. P. Pass. and the active corresponding to it is कृतवान्. ८ सादरं (अन्य) आदरेण सहितं यथा तथा ९भद्र Friend, good Sir. १० निर्जन… कारणं The reason why you have come to this lonely forest निर्जन. ( ब०) निर्गताः जनाः यस्मात् and निर्जनवन is a कर्मधारय, and the whole is a ष० त० ११ Going by the name of Ohampaká. चंपका अभिधानं यस्याः १२ A recluse. १३ अवसधः A monastery (of monks). १४ A mendicant परित्यज्य सर्वाणि कर्माणि व्रजतीति परिव्राज्(ट्or ड्). १५ भोजना…पात्रं Tho begging pot containing the remains of the food after he had eaten.. भोजनात् अवशिष्टं यत् भिक्षान्नं तेन सहितं तृ. त.
भिक्षापात्रं नाग**^(१)दन्तकेवस्था^(२)प्य स्वपिति। अहं च तद^(३)न्नमु^(४)त्प्लुत्य प्रत्यहं भक्षयामि। अनन्तरं तस्य प्रियसुहृद्वीणाकर्णो नाम परिव्रा^(५)जकः समायातः। तेन सह कथाप्रस^(६)**ङ्गावस्थितो **^(७)मम त्रासार्थं जर्जर- वंश^(८)**खंण्डेन चूडाकर्णो भूमिमताडयत्। वीणाकर्ण उवाच। सखे किमिति मम **^(९)कथाविरक्तोन्या^(१०)**सक्तो भवान्। चूडाकर्णेनोक्तम्। मित्र नाहं विरक्तः। किंतु **^(११)**पश्यायं मूषिको ममापकारी सदा पात्रस्थं भिक्षान्नमुत्प्लुत्य भक्षयति। वीणाकर्णो नागदन्तकं विलोक्याह। कथं मूषिकः **^(१२)स्वल्पबलोप्येत^(१३)**द्दूरमुत्पतति। तदत्र केनापि **^(१४)कारणेन भवितव्यम्। क्षणं विचिन्त्य परिव्राजकेनोक्तम्। कारणं चात्र धनबा^(१५)**हुल्यमेव भविष्यति। यतः।
^(१६)धनवान्बलवांल्लोके सर्वः सर्वत्र सर्वदा।
प्रभुत्वं धनमूलं हि राज्ञामप्युपजायते॥१०४॥
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** १**On a peg; so-called on account of its resemblance to the tusk of the elephant (नाग). २ Abs from the caus. of स्था with अव. ३ तदन्नंis the object of भक्षयामि ४ Having jumped or leaped up. ५A religious mendicant. ६ Engaged in conversation (with him). कथायाः प्रसंगे अवस्थितः स त. ७ मम त्रासार्थम् In order to frighten me. This is an instance of objective genitive in Sanskrit.८ With the piece of an old’ or worn out जर्जर ) bamboo-stick जर्जर भासौवंशः कर्म० and तस्य खंड ष. त. ९ Indifferent to what I am saying ( lit. to my .story.) कथायाः विरक्तः पं. त. विरक्त is opposed to अनुरक्त being derived from रंज् with वि 1 or 4 U. १० Engrossed in something else. अन्यस्मिन्नासक्तः स तः ११. The object of पश्य is the following subordinate sentence अयं मूषिक….. भक्षयति. १२ Possessing little strength. स्वल्पं बलं यस्य. ब. १३ So far up १४ केनापि कारणेन भवितव्यम्. There must be some cause which it is not easy to guess. This use of the Potential Passive participle with the Instrumental of a noun is very idiomatic and shows certainty or surety. १५ Plenty of wealth ष. त. १६ Every man in this world possessed of wealth is always powerful everywhere, even the supremacy of kings has wealth for its origin धनमूलं (व.). धनं मूलं यस्य.
ततः खनित्र**^(१)मादाय तेन विवरं खनित्वा चिर^(२)संचितं मम धनं गृहीतम्। ततः प्रभृति नि^(३)जशक्तिहीनः सत्वोत्सा^(४)हरहितः स्वाहार^(५)मप्युत्पादयितुमक्षमः स^(६)त्रासं मन्दं मन्द^(७)**मुपसर्पश्चूडाकर्णेनावलोकितः। तत- स्तेनोक्तम्।
^(८)धनेन बलवांल्लोके धनाद्भवति पण्डितः।
पश्यैनं मूषिकं पाप स्वजातिसमतां गतम्॥१०५॥
किं च।
^(९)अर्थेन तु विहीनस्य पुरुषस्याल्पमेधसः।
क्रियाः सर्वा विनश्यन्ति ग्रीष्मे कुसरितो यथा॥१०६॥
अपरं च।
^(१०)यस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि यस्यार्थास्तस्य बान्धवाः।
यस्यार्थाः स पुमांल्लोके यस्यार्थाः स हिपण्डितः॥१०७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(११)अपुत्रस्य गृहं शून्यं सन्मित्ररहितस्य च।
मूर्खस्य च दिशः शून्याः सर्वशून्या दरिद्रता॥१०८॥
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** १** A spade, a pick-axe.२ Hoarded up for a long time.३ Deprived of my own natural strength. तृ० त० ४ Voidof spirit and energy. सत्वोत्साहाभ्यां रहितः तृ० त. ५ Unable even to earn my own food. ६ With fear. त्रासेन सहितं यथा तथा.७ Creeping slowly. ८ By means of wealth a man].becomes powerful in this world, and it is by wealth that a man becomes ( passes for ) a learned one; look at this · wretched mouse reduced to the level of his own kind. स्वजात्या समः, तृ.त तस्य भावः ९ All the efforts ( actions ) of him who is destitute of wealth and poor in intellect prove fruitless ( lit. die ) just as streamlets-do (dry up ) in summer. अल्पा मेधा यस्य तस्य ब. १० He who has wealth, has friends he who has wealth, has relations, he who has wealth, is a real man in this world and he who has wealth, islearned Heremark the idiomatic use of the genitive यस्यार्थाः ( भवन्ति or वर्तते ) equal to योऽर्थान् धारयति. ११ Void is the horse of him who has no son and also of him who has no good friends; (all) the quarters are void to a fool, and everything isempty to poverty. सन्मित्र is कर्मधारय, सर्वशून्या (ब०) सर्वं शून्यं यस्याः सा.
अपरं च।
**^(१)तानीन्द्रियाण्यविकलानि तदेव नाम
सा बुद्धिरप्रतिहता वचनं तदेव।
अर्थोष्मणा विरहितः पुरुषः स एव
अन्यः क्षणेन भवतीति विचित्रमेतत्॥१०९॥ **
एतत्सर्वमाकर्ण्य मयालोचितम् ममात्रावस्थानम**^(२)**युक्तमिदानीम्। **^(३)**यच्चान्यस्मा एतद्वृत्तान्तकथनं तदप्यनुचितम्। यतः।
**^(४)अर्थनाशंमनस्तापं गृहे दुश्चरितानि च।
वंचनं चापमानं च मतिमान्न प्रकाशयेत्॥११०॥ **
तथा चोक्तम्।
**^(५)अत्यन्तविमुखे दैवे व्यर्थे यत्ने च पौरुषे।
मनस्विनो दरिद्रस्य वनादन्यत्कुतः सुखम्॥१११॥ **
अन्यच्च।
^(६)मनस्वी म्रियते कामं कार्पण्यं न तु गच्छति।
अपि निर्वाणमायाति नानलो याति शीतताम्॥११२॥
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१ He has the same unimpaired or sound organs of sense, his name is the same, he has the very same uninterrupted intellect and his speech is the same; but it is very strange that the very man when deprived of the warmth of wealth, becomes quite a different one in a moment. For अन्यः some editions road बाह्यः which means, far from २ Improper ३ यश्चा… अनुचितम् As to relating this affair to others-that too is not proper.४ A talented man should not publish or make known his loss of wealth, his mental anguish, any misdeeds in his family, his being cheated and his being disrespected. अर्थनाश and मनस्ताप are Gen. Tat दुश्चरितानि (कर्म०) दुष्टानि चरितानि अपमान from मन् 4 A with अप. ५ When fate is extremely adverse and when all attempts and manly efforts (पौरुषे ) have failed, where except in a wilderness can a wise but poor person find happiness? मनस्विन् ( मनस्, and विन् possessive termination) one having a mind, that is, sense, and hence, sensible, wise. अन्यत्=अन्यत्र For व्यर्थे यत्ने another edition reads व्यर्थयत्ने as an adj. of पौरुषे. ६ A man full of self-respect (मनस्वि) would willingly (काम) meet death but would never subject himself to poverty ( कार्पण्यं ); fire (for example) suffers itself to be extinguished but never becomes cold. कार्पण्यं abst. noun from कृपण poor, miserly. निर्वाण (from वा 2 P. with निर् to blow out) blowing out, extinction.
किं च।
^(१)कुसुमस्तबकस्येव द्वे वृत्ती तु मनस्विनः।
सर्वेषां मूर्ध्नि वा तिष्ठेद्विशीर्येत वनेथवा॥११३॥
**^(२)**यच्चात्रैव याञ्चयाजीवनं तदतीव, गर्हितम्। यतः।
^(३)वरं विभवहीनेन प्राणैः संतर्पितोनलः।
नोपचारपरिभ्रष्टः कृपणः प्रार्थितो जनः॥११४॥
^(४)दारिद्र्याद्ह्रियमेति ह्रीपरिगतः सत्त्वात्परिभ्रश्यते
निःसत्त्वः परिभूयते परिभवान्निर्वेदमापद्यते।
निर्विण्णः शुचमेति शोकनिहतो बुद्ध्या परित्यज्यते
निर्बुद्धिः क्षयमेत्यहो निधनता सर्वापदामास्पदम्॥११५॥
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** १** Like a bunch of flowers, sensible man has only two conditions or states (वृत्ती); hewill either be at the head (on the head in case of flowers) of all or remain in obscurity (wither away in a forest). विशीर्येत 3rd P. S. Potential of the Passive of शॄ with वि. २ यच्चात्रैव…… गर्हितम्. As for remaining in this very place by begging, that is simply very abominable.३ It would be better for one who is destitute of wealth to gratify fire by (the sacrifice of) his life than that an impolite miser (कृपणः जन) should be entreated ( प्रार्थित**:** ) for wealth विभवहीन. तृ० त० उपचार civility, politeness. For प्रार्थितो जनः another reading is प्रार्थ्यते जनः ४ Through poverty man becomes ashamed, and when overpowered by shame (ह्रीपरिगतः) he falls away from his worth or excellence ( सत्व) and when he becomes void of excellence or spirit, he is disrespected, through disrespect he becomes dejected, and when dejected, he becomes sad and when stricken with sorrow, he is left off by his reason, and when without reason, he is destroyed; Oh! want of wealth is the abode of all miseries! दारिद्र्यAbst. noun from दरिद्र ह्रीपरिगतः तृº तº For सत्वात् परिभ्रश्यते, other editions read प्रभ्रश्यते तेजसः, which means, falls off from lustre and similarly for निःसत्व we have निस्तेजाः शोकांनिहतः तृ० त० निर्बुद्धिः( ब० ) निर्गता बुद्धिः यस्य सर्वापदां० कर्म० For आस्पदम् we have elsewhere भाजनम् which means a fit receptacle for a thing.
किं च।
^(१)वरं मौनं कार्यं न च वचनमुक्तं यदनृतं
वरं क्लैब्यं पुंसां न च परकलत्राभिगमनम्।
वरं प्राणत्यागो न च पिशुनवाक्येष्वभिरुचि-
र्वरं भिक्षाशित्वं न च परधनास्वादनसुखम्॥११६॥
^(२)वरं शून्या शाला न च खलु वरो दुष्टवृषभो
वरं वेश्या पत्नी न पुनरविनीता कुलवधूः।
वरं वासोरण्ये न पुनरविवेकाधिपपुरे
वरं प्राणत्यागो न पुनरधमानामुपगमः॥११७॥
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** १** It is better to observe silence than to utter what is untrue, it is better that men should be impotent than that they should have sexual intercourse with others’ wives, it is better to give up one’s life than to have a liking for the words of the wicked or malicious, and it is better to eat the food of beggary than to have happiness arising from the enjoyment of others’ wealth. The construction मौनं कार्यम् is rather unusual. It is equal either to मौनं कृतं or कर्तुम्. क्लैब्यfrom क्लीबimpotent. The word कलत्र though of the neuter gender is feminine in sense as it means a wife. भिक्षाशित्वं तृ त. परधनास्वादनमुखम्-परेषां धनं (ष. त.), परधनस्य आस्वादनम् परधनास्वादनं ष त.and तस्य सुखं ष. त. २ Better to have an empty cowpen than to have an excellent (वरः) but vicious bull, better to have a courtesan for a wife than an immodest married woman, better to dwell in a forest than in the capital of a thoughtless king and better it is to give up. our life than to have intercourse with the mean. अविनीता. न. त. कुलवधू means a nobly born lady but here it simply means a married woman-a wife. अविवेक (ब.) नास्ति विवेकः यस्य and अविवेकमासौ अधिपः अविवेकाधिपःउपगमः lit going near and hence, contact, association.
अपि च।
^(१)सेवेव मानमखिलं ज्योत्स्नेव तमो जरेव लावण्यम्।
हरिहरकथेव दुरितं गुणशतमप्यर्थिता हरति॥११८॥
इति विमृ**^(२)श्य तत्किमहं पर पिण्डे^(३)**नात्मानं पोषयामि। **^(४)कष्टं भोः। तदपि द्वितीयं मृत्यु^(५)**द्वारम्। यतः।
^(६)पल्लवग्राहि पाण्डित्यं क्रयक्रीतं च मैथुनम्।
भोजनं च पराधीनं तिस्रः पुंसां विडम्बनाः॥११९॥
^(७)रोगी चिरप्रवासीः परान्नभोजी परावसथशायी।
यज्जीवति तन्मरणं यन्मरणं सोस्य विश्रामः॥१२०॥
इत्यालोच्यापि लोभात्पुनरप्यर्थं ग्रहीतुं ग्रहमकरव**^(८)**म्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(९)लोभेन बुद्धिश्चलति लोभो जनयते तृषाम्।
तृषार्तो दुःखमाप्नोति परत्रेह च मानवः॥१२१॥
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** १** As servitude destroys all self-respect, as moon-light dispells darkness, as old age destroys personal charms and as, the discourse on Hari and Hara destroys sin (दुरितं), so poverty destroys even a hundred good qualities or virtues. - हरिहरकथा (ष० त०) हरिहरयोः कथा. गुणशत also ष० त० गुणानां शतम्ः २ Having thought or cogitated. ३By the ball of rice, (that is food) given by others. परेषां पिंडेन ष० त० ४ Oh how hard ? ५ A door to death ; as bad as death itself. ६ Superficial knowledge, sexual enjoyment obtâined by regular purchase and food dependent on others—(these) three are mortifications to men-. पल्लवग्राहि (n) पल्लवान् गृह्णातीति—that which only touches the leaves and does not go to the root, and hence that which is confined to the surface, that is, superficial. क्रयक्रीत (तृ० त०) कृयेण क्रीतम्. ७ The existence of one who is diseased, of one who has long been in exile, of one who eats another’s food and of one who sleeps in another’s house, is death itself, and his death is his roal rest. चिरप्रवासी (उपपद ) चिरं प्रवसतीति परान्नभोजि Also उपपद परस्य अन्नं भुंक्ते इति. परस्य अवसथे शेते इति. उप. ८ अर्थ-अकरवम् I made another effort (ग्रहं ) to take or steal that wealth, viz., the food. ९ Byavarice the sense of a man goes wrong or totters, avarice produces an ardent desire to secure anything, and the man who is overcome by such a desire (तृषार्तो) becomes miserable (both) in the next world and here, ( that is, in this world), जनयते caus of जन्4 A. तृषार्ततृ. त
ततोहं मन्दं मन्दमुपसर्पंस्तेन वीणाकर्णेन जर्जरवंश**^(१)**खण्डेन ताडितश्चाचिन्तयम्।
^(२)सर्वाः संपत्तयस्तस्य संतुष्टं यस्य मानसम्।
उपानद्गूढपादस्य ननु चर्मावृतेव भूः॥१२२॥
तथा च।
^(३)संतोषामृततृप्तानां यत्सुखं शान्तचेतसाम्।
कुतस्तद्धनलुब्धानामितश्चेतश्च धावताम्॥१२३॥
किं च।
^(४)तेनाधीतं श्रुतं तेन तेन सर्वमनुष्ठितम्।
येनाशाः पृष्ठतः कृत्वा नैराश्यमवलम्बितम्॥१२४॥
अपि च।
^(५)असेवितेश्वरद्वारमदृष्टविरहव्यथम्।
अनुक्तक्लीबवचनं धन्यं कस्यापि जीवनम्॥१२५॥
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** १ **With a piece of an old or worn out (जर्जर) bamboo. २ All wealth belongs to him whose mind is contented; is not the earth, as it were, covered with leather to him whose feet are protected by shocs ? उपानद्गूढपादस्य. (ब.) उपानद्भ्यां गूढौ पादौ यस्य ननु is an interrogative particle. चर्मावृता (तृ. त.) चर्मणा आवृता. ३ Whence can that peace of mind ( सुखं ) which is enjoyed by those whose minds are unruffled and who are satisfied with the nectar of contentment, be found by those who are greedy of wealth ( धनलुब्धानां ) and who run after it (wealth) here and there ? संतोषामृत. ( कर्म. ) संतोष एव अमृतं तेन तृप्तानां तृ. त. शांतचेतसां. (व .) शांतानि चेतांसि येषां तेषां धनलुब्धत. तृ. त. ४He is said to have studied, heard and achieved everything, by whom all hope is left behind and hopelessness is resorted to ( अवलंबितम् ). He is really an accomplished man who entortains no unjust hopes about anything. सर्वम् is to be taken with अधीतं and श्रुतं. नैराश्यं abst. noun fromनिराश hopeless.५ Blessed indeed is that existence of a man, during which (existence) he has never waited at thedoor of the rich ( ईश्वर ), has never experienced the pangs of separation (from a beloved person) and has nover given utterance to an unavailing expression: असेवित &c. असेवितानि (न. त. ), ईश्वरद्वाराणि यस्मिन् व., अदृष्ट &cअदृष्टा (न. त) विरहव्यथा यस्मिन्. व. अनुक्त &c. अनुक्तानि (न. त. ) क्लीबवचनानि ( कर्म. ) यस्मिन् व, क्लीबmeans impotent and hence unavailing, fruitless.
यतः।
^(१)न योजनशतं दूरं बाध्यमानस्य तृष्णया।
संतुष्टस्य करप्राप्तेप्यर्थे भवति नादरः॥१२६॥
**^(२)**तदत्रावस्थोचितकार्यपरिच्छेदः श्रेयान्।
^(३)को धर्मो भूतदया कि सौख्यमरोगिता जगति जन्तोः।
कः स्नेहः सद्भावः किं पाण्डित्यं परिच्छेदः॥१२७॥
तथा च।
^(४)परिच्छेदो हि पाण्डित्यं यदापन्ना विपत्तयः।
अपरिच्छेदकर्तॄणां विपदः स्युः पदे पदे॥१२८॥
^(५)त्यजेदेकं कुलस्यार्थे ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत्।
ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे स्वात्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत्॥१२९॥
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** १** To one who is impelled by avarice, the distance of even a hundred yojanás (4 miles) is not much; while he who is contented has no regard even for an object (अर्थे) which is actually in his hand. योजनशतं ष. त. बाध्यमानस्य pre. parti. from बाध् 1 A. Passive. करप्राप्ते द्वि. त. २ अत्रावस्थोचित… श्रेयान् It is better, therefore, to decide upon an action befitting the present position (अवस्था). अवस्थायाः उचितं (ष. त.) अवस्थोचितं, अवस्थोचितस्य कार्यस्य (ष. त. ) परिच्छेदः श्रेयान् Nom. sing. masc. from the comparative श्रेयस्. ३ What is the principal duty (धर्मः) of a creature in this world? Compassion to living beings; what is his happiness? Freedom from any disease; what is affection? Goodness of heart; and what is learning or wisdom? Decision (or discrimination between good and evil, right and wrong &c.) भूतदया स. त. भूतेषु दया. अरोगिता न. त. न. रोगिता अरोगिता (रोगिता) abst. noun from रोगिन् रोग + इन् Possessive termination). सद्भावः (कर्म) सन् भाव**:** ४ When miseries befall a person, coming to a decision at once is wisdom or cleverness ; there will be miseries at every step to those who cannot come to any decision at once. अपरिच्छेदकर्तॄणाम् is a compound against tho rules of grammor. अपरिच्छेद न. त. तस्य कर्तॄणाम् = अपरिच्छेदकर्तॄणाम् non-doers of a decision. ५ A man should sacrifice one individual for the sake of the family, he should abandon a family for the sake of the whole village, he should leave off a village for the good of the whole country, and he should discard even the earth for his own sake.
अपरं च।
^(१)पानीयं वा निरावासं स्वाद्वन्नं वा भयोत्तरम्।
विचार्य खलु पश्यामि तत्सुखं यत्र निर्वृतिः॥१३०॥
इत्यालोच्याहं निर्जनव**^(२)**नमागतः। यतः।
^(३)वरं वनं व्याघ्रगजेन्द्रसेवितं
द्रुमालयंपक्वफलाम्बुभोजनम्।
तृणानि शय्या परिधानवल्कलं
न बन्धुमध्ये धनहीनजीवनम्॥१३१॥
ततोस्म**^(४)त्पुण्योदयादनेन मित्रेणाहं स्नेहानु^(५)वृत्यानु^(६)गृहीतः।अधुनाच पुण्यपरम्प^(७)**रया भवदाश्रयः स्वर्ग एव मया प्राप्तः।यतः।
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१ When we have to make our choice between water obtained without any trouble (निरायासं); and delicious food causing trouble in the end, I think ( पश्यामि ) after con- sideration ( वित्तार्य) that that thing conduces to happiness which is attended with ease( निर्वृतिः ).निरायास (ब) निर्गतः आयासः यस्मात् भर्योत्तरं (ब०) भयं उत्तरं यस्यं that which has danger as its result (उत्तरं) २ निर्जनवनं—निर्गताः जनाः यस्मात् (ब०) तन् निजन. To a tenantless forest. ३ Resorting to a forest,which is inhabited by tigers and big elephants, in which trees serve as a resting-place (आलयं); ripe fruits and water as meals, grass as bed and barks of trees as garments, is better than leading one’s life destituto of Wealth among . one’s relatives. व्याघ्रगजेंद्रैः सेवितं तृ० त०, द्रुमालयं (ब०) द्रुमाः आलयः यस्मिन् पक्वफलानि अम्बुश्च भोजनं यस्मिन् व० परिधान वल्कलं यस्मिन also ब०; धनहीनजीवनम्—धनेन हीनं च तज्जीवनं च कर्म४ Through the forceof my merit. अस्माकं पुण्यं(ष० त०) तस्ये उदयात् ५ By continuation of affection, or by continued affections ६ Have been favotired. ७ पुण्यस्य परंपरया By a continuance of by religiousmerit..
^(१)संसारविषवृक्षस्य द्वे फले अमृतोपमे।
काव्यामृतरसास्वादः संगमः सुजनैः सह॥१३२॥
मन्थर उवाच।
^(२)अर्थाः पादरजोपमा गिरिनदीवेगोपमं यौवनं
आयुष्यं जललोलबिन्दुचपलं फेनोपमं जीवितम्।
धर्मं यो न करोति निन्दितमतिः स्वर्गार्गलोद्धाटनं
पश्चात्तापयुतो जरापरिगतः शोकाग्निना दह्यते॥१३३॥
युष्माभिरतिसंच**^(३)**यः कृतः। तस्यायं दोषः। शृणु।
^(४)उपार्जितानां वित्तानां त्याग एव हि रक्षणम्।
तडागोदरसंस्थानां परीवाह इवाम्भसाम्॥१३४॥
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** १** Of the tree of position in the form of wordly existence, there are only two savoury fruits, viz., the tasting of thenectar of poetry and association with good persons. संसारविषवृक्षस्य—संसार एवविषवृक्षः तस्य कर्मअमृतोपमे—अमृतं उपमा वयोः, ब० .काव्यामृत……स्वादः—काव्यमेव अमृतं (कर्म) तस्य रसः तस्य आस्वादः ष० त०. For द्वे फले अमृतोपमे other editions road द्व एव मधुरे फले ’ and द्व एव रसवत्फले which means exactly what is meant by the text. २Wealth is (fit to be) compared to the dust of the feet, youth resembles the speed of a river flowing down a mountain, duration of life is as unsteady as the rolling (drops of water and life itself is as evanescent as foam; that man, therefore, whose intellect is deprived (निंदितमतिः) and who does not perform religious duties which remove the bolt to the gate of heaven, being overtaken by oldage, and being (thus) full of repentance, is burnt by the fireof sorrow. पादरजोपमाः पादस्य रजः उपमा येषां ते. ब०, गिरिनदीवेगः . उपमा यस्य. जललोलबिंदुचपलं—जलस्य लोलबिंदव इव चपलं, फेनोपमं ( ब० ) फेनेन उपमा यस्य. निंदितमतिः— निंदिता मतिः यस्य. ब०, स्वर्गार्गलोद्धाटन—स्वर्गस्य अर्गलायाः उद्धाटनं ष० त०, पश्चात्तापयुतः —पश्चातापेन युतः तृ० त०, जरापरिगतः तृ० त०, शोकाग्निना—शोक एव अग्निः–(कर्म). तेन. For निंदितमतिः another reading is निश्चलमतिः which means of a firm mind, resolute. ३ अतिसंचयः Too largea store.४ Giving away in charity is the only way to guard the accumulated wealth, just as letting out through some outlet is the only way to dispose of the waters stored up in the middle of a lake. तडागोदर &c. तडागस्य उदरे संस्था येषां तेषां ब० '
अन्यच्च।
^(१)यदधोधः क्षितौ वित्तं निचखान मितंपचः।
तदधोनिलयं गन्तुं चक्रे पन्थानमग्रतः॥१३५॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)निजसौख्यं निरुन्धानो यो धनार्जनमिच्छति।
परार्थभारवाहीव क्लेशस्यैव हि भाजनम्॥१३६॥
अपरं च।
^(३)दानोपभोगहीनेन धनेन धनिनो यदि।
भवामः किं न तेनैव धनेन धनिनोवयम्॥१३७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)असंभोगेन सामान्यं रूपणस्य धनं परैः।
अस्येदमिति संबन्धो हानौ दुःखेन गम्यते॥१३८॥
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१ That wealth, which a miser (मितंपचः) buries deeper. and deeper in the ground, has, as it were, prepared its way to the neither world already or beforehand (अग्रतः). निचखानं Perfect of खन् with नि to bury. मितंपचः मितं पचतीति. अलुक्. He who cooks a limited quantity and hence a miser. चक्रे Perfect of कृ 8 A. पंथानं acc. sing. of पथिन् २ He who wishes.. to hoard up wealth at the sacrifice of his (own) per- sonal comfort, is only a seat of wretchedness like one, that, bears burdens for others निरुंधानः Pre. Parti of रुध् 7 A opposing, obstructing. भारं वहतीति = भारवाहि उपपद. ३ If people are (to be considered ) rich by the mere possession of those riches that are neither to be given away in charity nor to be spent on personal enjoyments, why are we, not to be considered rich on account of the same riches ? The sense is—that the wealth which is not spent by a miser either in charity or enjoyment can be said to belong to anybody, whatever, just as much as to him (the miser) दानोपभोगहीनेन —दानोपभोगाभ्यां हीनेन. तृ०. त०. The 2nd line is differently read as पृथ्वीखातनिखातेन धनेन धनिनो वयम्. meaning—we are rich by the wealth buried deep. in the ground. ४ By reason of its non-enjoyment, the, wealth; of a miser is his property in common with others; the relation that it belongs to him (miser) is to be known only by his lamentations at its loss ( हानौ ). असंभोगेन ब० त०
^(१)दानं प्रियवाक्सहितं ज्ञानमगर्वं क्षमान्वितं शौर्यम्।
वित्तं त्यागनियुक्तं दुर्लभसेतच्चतुष्टयं लोके॥१३९॥
उक्तं च।
^(२)कर्तव्यः संचयो नित्यं कर्तव्यो नातिसंचयः।
पश्य संचयशीलोसौ धनुषा जम्बुको हतः॥१४०॥
तावाहतुः। कथमेतत्। मन्थरः कथयति।
॥कथा ५॥
आसीत्कल्याणकटक**^(३)वास्तव्यो भैरवो नाम व्याधः। स चैकदा मृगमन्वि^(४)ष्यमाणो वि^(५)न्ध्याटवीं गतवान्। ततस्तेन व्यापादितं मृगमादाय गच्छता घोरा^(६)**कृतिः **^(७)शूकरो दृष्टः। तेन व्याधेन मृगं भूमौ निधाय शुकरः शरेणाह^(८)तः। शुकरेणापि घनघो^(९)रगर्जनं कृत्वा स व्याधो मु^(१०)ष्कदेशे हतः सं^(११)**श्छिन्नद्रुमइव भूमौ निपपात। यतः।
^(१२)जलमग्निर्विषं शस्त्रं क्षुद्व्याधिः पतनं गिरेः।
निमित्तं किंचिदासाद्य देही प्राणैर्विमुच्यते॥१४१॥
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१ Charity accompanied with sweet words, knowledge freefrom vanity, bravery attended by forbearance and wealth devoted to charitable purposes-these four things ( lit this collection of four things) are hard to find in thisworld, प्रियवाक्सहितं— तृ० त० अगर्वम्—नास्ति गर्वः यस्मिन् ब०, क्षमान्वितं तृ० त० त्यागनियुक्तं, तृ० त० २ Things should always be stored, but not in too large heaps. Behold ! a jackal, intent on storing things, was killed by a’ bow. संचयशीलः— संचयः शीलं यस्य. ब॰ Given to hoarding.३ Dwelling in Kalyana Kataka, कल्याणकटक वास्तव्यंयस्य. ब० ४. Seeking after, hunting. Pre part, of इष्with अन 4A. ५ Vindhya forest. विध्यस्य अटवीं (ष० त०), ६ Of a terriple appearance, घोरा आकृतिः यस्य व० ७ A boar, a hog. ८ Was shot, struck. P. P. of इन् 2 P. with आ; ९ Uttering a sound as terrible as that of thunder (घन) घन इव घोरं = घनघोरं, घनघोरं गर्जनं कर्म. १० In the groin, scrotum or testicle, ११Like a tree felled down (च्छिन्न P. P: of च्छिद् 7P)१२ By coming, across some visible or apparent cause, such aswater, fire, poison, weapon,, hunger, disease, telling, from a mountain, a being moets with death (lit, is left off by his life)
अथानन्तरं दीर्घरा**^(१)वो नाम जम्बुकः परिभ्रमन्नाहारार्थी तान्मृतान्मृगव्या^(२)धशुकरानपश्यत्। अचिन्तयच्च। अहो अद्य महद्भोज्यं मेसमु^(३)**पस्थितम्। अथवा
^(४)अचिन्तितानि दुःखानि यथैवायान्ति देहिनाम्।
सुखान्यपि तथा मन्ये दैवमत्रातिरिच्यते॥१४२॥
तद्भवतु। एषां मांसैर्मासमेकं स**^(५)मधिकं यावज्जीवनं मे भविष्यति।
ततः प्रथम^(६)बुभुक्षायामिदं निःस्वा^(७)दु कोदण्ड^(८)लग्नंस्नायु^(९)**बन्धनं खादामि। इत्युक्त्वा तथा **^(१०)कृते सति छिन्ने स्नायुबन्धन उ^(११)**त्पतितेनधनुषाहृदि निर्भिन्नः सः दीर्घरावः पञ्चत्वं **^(१२)**गतः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। कर्तव्यः संचयो नित्यम् इत्यादि। तथा च।
^(१३)यद्ददाति यदश्नातितदेव धनिनो धनम्।
अन्ये मृतस्य क्रीडन्ति दारैरपिधनैरपि॥१४३॥
किं च।
^(१४)यद्ददासि विशिष्टेभ्यो यच्चाश्नासि दिने दिने।
तत्तेवित्तमहं मन्ये शेषं कस्यापि रक्षास॥१४४॥
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** १** Loud-voiced. २ मृग… शूकरान्. (द्वंद्व) मृगं च व्याधं च शकर च = मृगव्याधशूकरान्, ३ Has come to me (मे). ? ४ Just as calamities befall mertals unexpectedly so also come even blessings; I think (मन्ये), therefore, that Fate predominates even in this case. अर्चितितानि न० त० ५ मासमेकं समधिकं यावत्. For more than one month.६ In the heat of the first impulse of hunger प्रथमा च बुभुक्षा (कर्म) बुभुक्षा is a desidetative noun from ‘भुज्7 P. and A. ७ Without taste, unsavoury ८Sticking to the -bow. ९Gatgutstring: १० When it was done (as thought of above as प्रथम… खादामि ) ११ By the bow flying or springing ‘up..१२·Died lit, was dissolved into the five elements (पृथ्वी, अप्, तेजम्, वायु and आकाश) of which beings are made १३that alone, which a rich man gives or enjoys is his wealth; when he is dead.. (मृतस्य), otherpeople play with his wife and· wealth. मृतस्यis gen ab=मृते तस्मिन or यदा स म्रियते तदा १४ I consider that to be your wealth which yougive away.in charity to the deserving and that which you spend( for your personal comfort) from day to day; this remainder you keep for some one (nobody knows whóm )
यातु। किमिदानीमति^(१)क्रान्तोपवर्णनेन यतः
^(२)नप्राप्यमभिवाञ्छन्ति नष्टं नेच्छन्ति शोचितुम्।
आपत्स्वपि न मुह्यन्ति नराः पण्डितबुद्धयः॥१४५॥
तत्सखे सर्वदा त्वया सो^(३)त्साहेन भवितव्यम्। यतः।
^(४)शास्त्राण्यधीत्यापि भवन्ति मूर्खा
यस्तु क्रियावान्पुरुषः स विद्वान्
सुचिन्तितं चौषधमातुराणां
न नाममात्रेण करोत्यरोगम्॥१४६॥
अन्यच्च।
^(५)नस्वल्पमप्यध्यवसायभीरोः
करोति विज्ञानविधिर्गुणं हि।
अन्धस्य किं हस्ततलस्थितोपि
प्रकाशयत्यर्थमिह प्रदीपः॥१४७॥
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** १** What is the use now of dwelling upon what is past? अतिक्रांतस्योपवर्णनेन ष० त० २ Sensible or wise persons do not wish for what is impossible to obtain, do not wish to lament over what is lost and do not go astray even in calamities. अप्राप्य. न० त०- पंडितबुद्धयः(ब०) पंडिता बुद्धिः येषां ते. ३ Full of courage or spirit. उत्साहेन सहितः ( ब०) तेन. ४ Even after having studied the sciences (some) people become foolish or are puzzled ; that man who is practical (क्रियावान् ) is really learned; the medicine which is found out after deep deliberation for the sake of the diseased (आतुराणां) does not free them from their diseases by the mere utterance of its name. क्रियावान् fall of practice as opposed totheory. आतुराणां= आतुरेभ्यः for those who are suffering from ·a disease. नाममात्रेण=नाम्नैव अरोगम् नं रोगः अरोगः तं (न. त.)=रोगाभावं. ५ The theoretical knowledge of a person who is afraid to do anything actually or practically, does not do him the least good (गुणं); for does a lamp, though placed on the palm of the hand of a blind person, illuminate anything for him ( the blind person)? अध्यवसायभीरोः (पं. त.) अध्यवसायाद्भीरोः विज्ञानविधिः—विशेषज्ञानविधिः- the theory of ‘some subject. हस्ततलस्थितः. ( स. त.) हस्ततले स्थितः अर्थः an object, a thing.
तदत्र सखे **^(१)देशाविशेषे शान्तिः करणीया। एतदप्यति^(२)**कष्टंत्वया नः मन्तव्यम्। यतः।
^(३)राजा कुलवधूर्विप्रा मन्त्रिणश्च पयोधराः।
स्थानभ्रष्टा न शोभन्ते दन्ताः केशा नखा नराः॥१४८॥
इति विज्ञाय मतिमान्स्वस्थानं न परित्यजेत्। का**^(४)**पुरुषवचनमेतत्। यतः।
^(५)स्थानमुत्सृज्य गच्छंति सिंहाः सत्पुरुषा गजाः।
तत्रैव निधनं यान्ति काकाः कापुरुषा मृगाः॥१४९॥
^(६)को वीरस्य मनस्विनः स्वविषयः को वा विदेशस्तथा
यं देशं श्रयते तमेव कुरुते बाहुप्रतापार्जितम्।
य द्दंष्ट्रानखलाङ्गुलप्रहरणः सिंहो वनं गाहते
तस्मिन्नेव हतद्विपेन्द्ररुधिरैस्तृष्णां छिनत्त्यात्मनः॥१५०॥
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** १** दशाविशेषे (ष० त०) under these peculiar circumstances. २ Very hard. ३ A king, a noble lady, Brahmans, ministers, breasts, teeth, hair, nails and men do not shine (make no figure) when they have lost their proper position. कुलवधूः—कुलस्य वधूः (ष० त०) lit. the lady of a family, that is, of a noble family. पयोधराः—पयः धरतीति. उपपद स्थानभ्रष्टाः (पं० त० ) स्थानात्भ्रष्टाः ४ Thus says & coward (कापुरुष). ५ Lions, good men and elephants leave their own places and go to others; while crows, cowards and deer, die in the very place · (where they have been living). ६ What is his own and what is a foreign country to a hero full of self-respect? Whatever country he resorts to, he conquers by the prowess of his arms. The lion having his jaws, claws and tail for weapons quenches his thirst with the blood of big elephants · killed by him in the forest which he enters or rushes in.स्वविषयः (ष० त०) स्वस्य विषयः बाहुप्रतार्पाजितम्–बाह्वोः प्रतापेन अर्जितम. तृ० त०, दंष्ट्रा … प्रहरणः—दंष्ट्रेच नखानि च लांगूलं च (द्वंद्व) प्रहरणानि यस्य. ब०. हतांश्च ये द्विपानां इंद्राः तेषां रुधिरैः ष० त० च्छिनत्ति cuts, slakes.
अपरं च।
^(१)निपानमिव मण्डूकाः सरः पूर्णमिवाण्डजाः।
सोद्योगं नरमायान्ति विवशाः सर्वसंपदः॥१५१॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)सुखमापतितं सेव्यं दुःखमापतितं तथा।
चक्रवत्परिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च॥१५२॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)उत्साहसंपन्नमदीर्घसूत्रं
क्रियाविधिज्ञं व्यसनेष्वसक्तम्।
शूरंकृतज्ञंदृढसौहृदं च
लक्ष्मीः स्वयं याति निवासहेतोः॥१५३॥
विशेष**^(४)तश्च। **
^(५)विनाप्यर्थैर्धीरः स्पृशति बहुमानोन्नतिपदं ·
समायुक्तोप्यर्थैः परिभवपदं याति कृपणः।
स्वभावादुद्भूतां गुणसमुदयावाप्तिविषयां
द्युतिं सैहीं किं श्वा धृतकनकमालोपि लभते॥१५४॥
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** १** As frogs resort to apuadle of water and birds, to a lake full of water, so do all- riches, to an industrious man, being helpless ( unable to keep away from him). अण्डजाः lit. those that are born from eggs अडेभ्यो जाताः प. त., सोद्योगं (ब) उद्योगेन सहितम. २ Happiness falling to one’s lot should be welcomed and likewise misery; miseries and blessings revalve like a wheel, that is, they come alternately.३ La- kshmi (goddess of wealth) goes of her own accord for shelter to him who is full of energy, who is not dilatory, who is versed in the practical knowledge of things, who isnot addiöted’ to vices, who is brave, grateful and constant In ‘affection or friendship. उत्साहसंपन्नंतृ. त., अदीर्घसूत्र न.त.क्रियाविधिं जानातीति = क्रियाविधिज्ञं उपपद, कृतं जानातीति उपपद, वृद्धं- सौहृदं (ब) दृढंसौहदं यस्य, निवासहेतोः (ष. त) ४ And especially. ५ A brave person attains to a place of high honour even without’ (the help of) wealth; while a miser or meanfellow though possessed of riches meets with disrespect. Oan a dog, even if he wear a garland of gold, attain the naturals glory of a lion— that glory which indicates the .possession of a number of good qualities ? बहुमानोन्नतिपदंबहुश्चाशौ मानश्च(कर्म) तस्य उन्नतिः (ष. त. ) तस्याः पदं ( ष. त. ) परिभवपदं (ष. त.) उद्धृताम् produced, or arising, from गुणसमुदया &c. toविषयाः गणानां समुदयः (ष. त.) तस्य अवाप्तिः (ष. त.) सा विषयः यस्याः तां सैहींसिंहस्य इयंसैहीं ताम् धृताकनकमाला येन सः (ब.) धृतकनकमालः
^(१)धनवानिति हि मदस्ते किं गतविभवो विषादमुपयासि।
करनिहतकन्दुकसमाः पातोत्पाता मनुष्याणाम्॥१५५॥
अपरं च।
^(२)वृत्यर्थं नातिचेष्टेत सा हि धात्रैव निर्मिता।
गर्भादुत्पतिते जन्तौ मातुः प्रस्रवतः स्तनौ॥१५६॥
अपि च सखे।
^(३)येन शुक्लीकृता हंसाः शुकाश्च हरितीकृताः।
मयूराश्चित्रिता येन स ते वृत्तिं विधास्यति॥१५७॥
अपरं च। सतं रह**^(४)**स्यंशृणु मित्र।
^(५)जनयन्त्यर्जने दुःखं तापयन्ति विपत्तिषु।
मोहयन्ति च संपतौकथमर्थाः सुखावहाः॥१५८॥
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१You are proud when you have wealth; why đồ you then feel sorry when you lose it? The ups and downs (prosperity and adversity ) in the life of men are like the, rising up and falling down of a ball struck with the hand. गवविभवः (इ०) गतः विभवः यस्य करनिहतकंदुकमा—करेण, निहतः (तृ० त०) कंदुकः तेन सम्मा ( तृ० त० ) पातोत्पाताः—पाताश्च उत्पाताश्चपातोत्पाताः द्वंन्द्व २. One should not struggle very hard for one’s livelihood, for it is already provided by the creatof;as soon as a creature comes out of the womb, the breasts of his mother low with milk, ३ He (the, oreator ), who has made the. swans white and the parrots green, and who has variegated: the, peacocks, will certainly provide a livelihood for you… शुक्लीकृताः— शुक्लाः संपद्यमानाः कृताः Similarly. हरितीकृताः विधास्याति 3rd P: Singular, 2nd Future of धा 3 P with वि. ५ रहस्यम् the. socret, viz., of happiness in this world.६ How can riches.canduce to happiness, since they give trouble.in.aquiring, bura the heart when lost and make fools of us, while we possesstham ? जनयंति तापयंति and मोहयतिःone saltsampootuity of जन् 4 A. तप् 1 P. and मुह् 4 P. सुखावहा—सुखं आवहतीतिउपपदः
अपरं च।
^(१)धर्मार्थं यस्य वित्तेहा वरं तस्य निरीहता।
प्रक्षालनाद्धि पङ्कस्य दूरादस्पर्शनं वरम्॥१५९॥
यतः।
^(२)यथा ह्यामिषमाकाशे पक्षिभिः श्वापदैर्भुवि।
भक्ष्यते सलिले नक्रैस्तथा सर्वत्र वित्तवान्॥१६०॥
^(३)राजतः सलिलादग्नेश्वोरतः स्वजनादपि।
भयमर्थवतां नित्यं मृत्योः प्राणभृतामिव॥१६१॥
तथा हि।
^(४)जन्मनि क्लेशबहुले किं नु दुःखमतः परम्।
इच्छा संपद्यते नास्ति यच्चेच्छा न निवर्तते॥१६२॥
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१ Absence of desire is better for him who wishes to have wealth on the score of performing religious actions. It is indeed better not to touch dirt by keeping aloof from. it than to touch it and then wash it off वित्तेहा—वित्ताय ईहा च० त०, निरीहता from निरीह**:** ( ब० ) नास्ति ईहा यस्य सः निरीहः ;: and तस्य भावः निरीहता.२ As flesh is devoured by birds.in the sky, by beasts on land and by crocodiles in water, so is a rich man (deprived of his wealth) everywhere. Here भक्ष्यते is to be supplied after आकाशे and सलिले. This verse is read with a slight difference as यथामिषं जले मत्स्यैर्भक्ष्यते श्वा- पदैर्भुवि। आकाशे पक्षिभिश्चैव तथा सर्वत्र वित्तवान्. The meaning of this is the same as that of the text. ३ . There is alwaysfear to the wealthy from a king, from water, fire, and thief and even from a relative, just as there is fear to all livingcreatures from death. राजतः, this is formed fromराजन् by dropping the final न् and तस् which gives it the sense of the Ablative. प्राणभृत्—प्राणान् बिभर्तिइति. उपपद.४ In this worldly existence abounding in miseries, what is more miserable ( than the following ) ? A desire is never.satisfied ( lit. it never happens that a desire is. satisfied इच्छा संपद्यते इति नास्ति ), nor does it turn away or abate. क्लेशः’ बहुलः यस्मिन् ( ब०). The reading of the second line found elsewhere is इच्छासंपत् यत्र नास्ति यत्रेच्छा न निवर्तते, where : it means . ‘wealth enough to gratify one’s desire is not obtained’इच्छानुरूपा संपत्
अन्यच्च भ्रातः शृणु।
^(१)धनं तावदसुलभं लब्धं कृच्छ्रेण रक्ष्यते।
लब्धनाशो यथा मृत्युस्तस्मादेतन्न चिन्तयेत्॥१६३॥
^(२)तृष्णां चेह परित्यज्य को दरिद्रः क ईश्वरः।
तस्याश्चेत्प्रसरो दत्तो दास्यं च शिरसि स्थितम्॥१६४॥
अपरं च।
^(३)यद्यदेव हि वाञ्छेत ततो वाञ्छा प्रवर्तते।
प्राप्त एवार्थतः सोर्थो यतो वाञ्छा निवर्तते॥१६५॥
किंबहुना मम **^(४)**पक्षपातेन। मयैव सहात्र कालो नीयताम्। यतः।
^(५)आमरणान्ताः प्रणयाः कोपास्तत्क्षणभङ्गुराः। .
परित्यागाश्च निःसङ्गा भवन्ति हि महात्मनाम्॥१६६॥
इति श्रुत्वा लघुपतनको ब्रूते। धन्योसि मन्थर सर्वथा **^(६)**श्लाघ्यगुणोसि। यतः।
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१As to wealth, it is hard to obtain and when obtained, it is protected with great difficulty (कृच्छ्रेण) and the loss of what is obtained is like death itself ; one, therefore, should not think of (getting) it. लब्धनाशः ष० त०. २ When · desire is got rid of, who is poor and who is rich? But if scope is allowed to it (desire), slavery descends on one’shead or falls to one’s lot. ३The more a man desires (to have anything) the more his desire grows (lit. whatever one desires for becomes (the starting point) from which fresh desire proceeds; that thing (अर्थ) is said to be really . (अर्थतः) obtained, from which one’s dosire turns away. Here यद्यदेव—ततः is equivalent to यथा यथा-तथा तथा ४ मम पक्षपातेन. By my partiality (for this place and its advantages).५ Affections ending with death, anger disappearing in a moment and losses (परित्यागा ) received with perfect indifference (निःसंगाः )—these are (to be found) in the great.आमरणांताः ( ब०) आमरणं अंताः येषां ते. तत्क्षणभंगुराः (स० त०) तस्मिन्क्षणे भंगुराः निःसंगाः(ब० ) निर्गताः संगाः येभ्यः. .६ श्लाघ्यगुणः ( ब०) श्लाघ्याः गुणा**:** यस्य, One whose qualities are praiseworthy
^(१)सन्त एव सतां नित्यमापदुद्धरणक्षमाः।
गजानां पङ्कमन्नानांगजा एव धुरंधराः॥१६७॥
^(२)श्लाघ्य स एको भुवि मानवानां
स उत्तमः सत्पुरुषः स धन्यः।
यस्यार्थिनो वा शरणागता वा
नाशाभिभङ्गाद्विमुखाः प्रयान्ति॥१६८॥
तदेवं ते स्वेच्छा**^(३)**हारविहारं कुर्वाणाः संतुष्टाः सुखं निवसन्ति।
अथ कदाचिच्चित्राङ्ग**^(४)**नामा मृगः केनापि **^(५)त्रासितस्तत्रागत्य मिलि^(६)**तः। ततः पश्चादायान्तं मृगमवलोक्य **^(७)भयं संचिन्त्य मन्थरो जलं प्रविष्टः। मूषिकश्चविवरं गतः। काकोप्यु^(८)**ड्डीय वृक्षमारूढः। ततो लघुपतनकेन **^(९)सुदूरं निरूप्य भयहेतुर्न कोप्यायातीत्यालो^(१०)चितम्। पश्चात्तद्वचनादागत्य पुनः सर्वे मिलित्वा तत्रैवोपतिष्टाः। मन्थरेणोक्तम्। भद्र मृग स्वागतम्। स्वेच्छयोप्तार्जि^(११)ताहारोनुभूयताम्। अत्रावस्थानेनवनमिदं सनाथीक्रि^(१२)**यताम्। चित्राङ्गो ब्रूते। लुब्धक-
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** १**The great alone are always able to remove the difficulties of the great. When elephants are stuck in the mud, elephants alone can draw them up (lit. are the bearers of the yoke ) आपदुद्धरणक्षमाः स० त० पङ्कमग्नानां also स० त० धुरंधराः उपपद. २ Of all men on earth, he alone is worthy of praise, he is the best, he is a good man and he is blessed, from whom neither suppliants nor persons seeking protection, go away disappointed through the frustration of their hopes. आशाभिभंगात–ष० त०, विमुखाः with faces turned away from him and hence disappointed. ३ स्वेच्छा… कुर्वाणाः Eating and living as they liked . स्वेच्छया आहारविहारं कुर्वाणाः ४ Named · or. of the name of Chitránga. चित्रांगः नाम यस्य ब० ५ Scared . or. frightened ६. Joined (them). ७ Thinking that there was (cause for) fear. ८ Having flown up-abs. of डी with उद् 1 A. ९ सुदूर निरूप्य Looking carefully to a distance. १०. Ascertained. ११ The food earned or procured. १२ Lot it be made as.if it had a lord; that is, be (you) its lord or master.
त्रासितोहं **^(१)**भवतां शरणमागतः। भवद्भिः सह सख्यमिच्छामि। हिरण्यकोवदत्। **^(२)**मित्रत्वं तावदस्माभिः सह भवतायत्नेनमिलितम्। यत्ः।
^(३)औरसं कृतसंबन्धं तथा वंशक्रमागतम्।
रक्षितं व्यसनेभ्यश्च मित्रं ज्ञेयं चतुर्विधम्॥१६९॥
तदत्र भवता ^(४)स्वगृहनिर्विशेषं स्थीयताम्। तच्छ्रुत्वा मृगः ^(५)सानन्दो भूत्वा स्वे^(६)च्छाहारं कृत्वा पानीयं पीत्वा जलासन्न^(७)तरुच्छायायामुपविष्टः। अथ मन्थरेणोक्तम्। सखे मृग एतस्मिन्निर्जने^(८) वने केन त्रासितोसि^(९)। **^(१०)कदाचित्किं व्याधाः संचरन्ति। मृगेणोक्तम्। अस्ति कलि^(११)ङ्गविषये रुक्माङ्गदो नाम नरपतिः। स च दिग्वि^(१२)**जयव्या–
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१ भवतां… आगतः-I have come to your honours for protection or I am seeking your honours’ protection. २ You obtained our friendship easily or without any effort. The other reading for मिलितम् is संपन्नम् which is better. ३ Be it known that friends are of four kinds, viz, friends by blood relation (such as father, son &c.), friends by · connection brought about ( such as marriage &c. ), hereditary friends and friends by reason of being protected from danger. औरसं adj. from उरस्, उरसो, जातम्. कृतसंबन्धं - कृतः संबंधः येन ब०, वंशक्रमागतम् तृ० त०, चतुर्विधं ( ब० ) चतस्रः विधाः यस्य तत्. ४ स्वगृहनिविशेषम्. As if there were no difference between his own house and that of the host स्वगृहात् नास्ति विशेषः यथा तथा ५ Full of delight आनंदेन सहितः ब० ६ Eating at one’s pleasure or as one likes . तृ० त. ७ In the shade of the trees standing close to thelake. जलस्य आसन्नाः ये ] तरवः तेषां छायायाम् ष० त०. ८ निर्जने–निर्गताः जनाः यस्मात् ब० Uninhabited, lonely. ९ Frightened. P. P. of the caus. of; त्रस् 4 P. १० Sometimes ? ११ In the country of Kalinga (which is a country lying to the South of Orissa and extending to the mouths of the Godávari and now identified with the Northern Circars). १२In the course of his conquest of the quarters ( lit. in the course of his affair of conquering the quarters).
पारक्रमेणागत्यचन्द्रभागानदीतीरेसमावासि**^(१)तकटको वर्तते। प्रातश्च तेनाश्चा^(२)गत्यकर्पूरसरःसमीपे भवितव्यमिति व्याधानां, मुखात्किं^(३)**वदन्ती श्रूयते। तदत्रापि। प्रातरवस्थानं **^(४)भयहेतुकमित्यालोच्य यथावसर^(५)कार्यमारभ्यताम्। तच्छ्रुत्वा कूर्मः सभयमाह। जला^(६)**शयान्तरं गच्छामि। काकमृगावप्युक्तवन्तौ। एवमस्तु। ततो हिरण्यको विहस्याह। जलाशयान्तरे प्राप्ते मन्थरस्य कुशलम्। **^(७)**स्थले गच्छतः कः प्रतीकारः। यतः।
^(८)अम्भांसि जलजन्तूनां दुर्गं दुर्गनिवासिनाम्।
स्वभूमिः श्वापदादीनां राज्ञां मन्त्री परं बलम्॥१७०॥
तदत्रोपायः क्रियताम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(९)उपायेन हि यच्छक्यं न तच्छक्यं पराक्रमैः।
शृगालेन हतो हस्ती गच्छता पङ्कवर्त्मना॥१७१॥
**॥कथा ६॥ **
अस्ति ब्रह्मारण्ये कर्पूरतिलको नाम हस्ती। तमवलोक्य सर्वे शू-
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** १** He who has encampel his forces. समावासितं कटक येन. ब. २ तेन… भवितव्यम् He is sure to be &c. ३ Rumour. The word : is made up of किं, what, and वदान्त, they say, and lit. means what do they say? and hence, a rumour; theति ſit is lengthened in its nominal form. ४ Oausing danger; dangerous.५ A · thing or action. most suited to the occasion, all opportune action. ६ Another lake or raservoir of water. अन्यः जलाशयः कपे. ७ स्थलं….प्रतिहारः. But what safeguard ( lit remedy) is there for one who goes on land?८ Water is the greatest strength of aquatis: animals, fortresses; of those living in fortresses, (their own resorts) ( of beasts and others) andof king, the minister जलजंतूनां ष.त, दुर्गनिवासिनां (डा.)दुर्गनिवसंतत दुर्गनिवासिनः तेषां श्वापद दीना— श्वापद आदयः येषतेषब.९ What is possible to an expedient is not possible to brute force; an elephant was killed by a jackal going along · muddy path. पंकवर्त्मन्(ष. त.) पंकस्य वर्त्म पंकवर्त्म तेन पंकवर्त्मना
गालाश्चिन्तयन्ति स्म। यद्ययं केना**^(१)प्युपायेन म्रियते तदा^(२)स्माकमेतद्देहेन मासचतुष्टय^(३)स्य भोजनं भविष्यति। तत्रैकेन वृद्धशृगालेन प्रतिज्ञात^(४)म्। मया बुद्धिप्र^(५)भावादस्य मरणं सा^(६)धयितव्यम्। अनन्तरं स वञ्चकः कर्पूरतिलकसमीपं गत्वा साष्टा^(७)**ङ्गपातं प्रणम्योवाच। देव **^(८)दृष्टिप्रसादं कुरु। हस्ती ब्रूते। कस्त्वम्। कुतः समायातः। सोवदत्। जम्बुकोहम्। सर्वैर्वनवासिभिः पशुभिर्मिलित्वा भव^(९)त्सकाशं प्र^(१०)स्थापितः। ^(११)यद्विना राज्ञावस्थातुं न युक्तं तदत्राटवीराज्येभिषेक्तुं^(१२) भवान्सर्व^(१३)स्वामिगुणोपेतो नि^(१४)**रूपितः। यतः
^(१५)यः कुलाभिजनाचारैरतिशुद्धः प्रतापवान्।
धार्मिको नीतिकुशलः स स्वामी युज्यते भुविः॥१७२॥
अपरं च पश्यः।
^(१६)राजानं प्रथमं विन्देत्ततो भार्यां ततो धनम्।
राजन्यसति लोकेस्मिन्कुतो भार्या कुतो धनम्॥१७३॥
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** १** By some expedient or other. २तदा is here equivalent to तर्हि corresponding to यदि. ३ Food lasting for a period of four months. मासानां चतुष्टयं ष० त०. ४ Vowed, promised५ Through the force of my talent ( for cunning ). ६To be accomplished. ७ With theeight prominent parts of the. body touching the ground, viz., the two knees and the two feet, the two hands, the chest and the forehoad—जानुभ्यां च तथा पद्भ्यां पाणिभ्यामुरसा धिया। शिरसा वचसा दृष्ट्या प्रणामोष्टांग ईरितः॥८ Be pleased to favour me with a glance. ९To your honour (lit. near your honour). १0 Sent, deputed११ यद्विना …नयुक्तं Since it is not proper (युक्तं) to be without a king. १२ अभिषेक्तुंis hereused in the passive sense, for the forms both of the active and passive Infinitives are the same. १३ Endowed with all the virtues of a lord सर्वै**:** स्वामिनः गुणैः उपेतः तृ. त. १४ Marked out, appointed or fixed upon १५ He who is extremely faultless in respect of descent, birth and manners and is valorous, pious and versed in royal polity is fit to become a king on earth. कुलाभिजन &cis a द्वंद्व, कुलंच. अभिजनश्च आवारश्च तैः, नीतिकुशल स० त० १६ One should first obtain a king, then a wife and then wealth; when there is no king in this world, whence can there be a wife and whence can there be wealth?
अन्यच्च।
^(१)पर्जन्य इव भूतानामाधारः पृथिवीपतिः।
विकलेपि हि पर्जन्ये जीव्यते न तु भूपतौ॥१७४॥
^(२)नियतविषयवर्ती प्रायशो दण्डयोगा–
ज्जगति परवशेस्मिन्दुर्लभः साधुवृत्तः।
कृशमपि विकलं वा व्याधितं वा धनं वा
पतिमति कुलनारी दण्डभीत्याभ्युपैति॥१७५॥
तद्यथा **^(३)लग्नवेला न विचलति तथा कृत्वा सत्वरमागम्यतां देवेन। इत्युक्त्वोत्थाय चलितः। ततोसौ रा^(४)ज्यलोभाकृष्टः कर्पूरतिलकः शृगा^(५)**लवर्त्मना धावन्महापङ्के निमग्नः। ततस्तेन हस्तिनोक्तम्। सखे शृगाल किमधुना विधेयम्। पङ्के निपतितोहं म्रिये। **^(६)परावृत्त्य पश्य। शृगालेन विहस्योक्तम्।देव मम पुच्छकाव^(७)**लम्बनं कृत्वो
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** १Like rain, the king is the support of creatures it is possible to live even whenthe rain, fails,but not when there is no king.विकलdefective,deficientभूपतौ—understand after this word विकले world २ In this world which is subservient (havingno self-dependence) people keep within the bounds of propriety mostly through fear of punishment. One naturally well-disposed is hard to find or is rare. A nobly-born woman sticks to her husband though weak, deformed, diseased or poor through the mere fear of punishment. नियतश्चासौ विषयः नियतविषयः तस्मिन्वर्तते इति नियतविषयवर्ती उपपदः परवशे—परस्य वशे ष० त०, साधुवृत्तः साधु वृत्तं यस्य ब०, अधनं (ब०) नास्ति धनं यस्य.. ३ A lucky conjuncture, an auspicious moment. लग्नस्य वेला ष०त० ४ Attracted or drawn by the desire of royalty or of obtaining a kingdom. तृ० त०५** By the way taken by the jackal शृगालस्य वर्त्मना ष० त० ६ Having turned back. ७ The catching hold of my tail. ष० त०.
त्तिष्ठ।यन्मद्वि**^(१)धस्य वचसि त्वया प्रत्य^(२)यः कृतस्तदनुभूयताम^(३)**शरणं दुःखम्।तथा चोक्तम्।
^(४)यदा सत्सङ्गरहितो भविष्यसि भविष्यसि।
तदासज्जनगोष्ठीषु पतिष्यसि पतिष्यसि॥१७६॥
ततो महापङ्के निमग्नो हस्ती शृगालैर्भक्षितः।अतोहं ब्रवीमि।उपायेन हि यच्छक्यम् इत्यादि।तद्धितवच**^(५)नमव^(६)धार्य महता भयेन विमु^(७)ग्ध इव तं जलाशयमुत्सृज्य मन्थरश्चलितः। तेपि हिरण्यकादयस्नेहादनिष्टं शं^(८)**ङ्कमाना मन्थरमनुगच्छन्ति। ततः स्थले **^(९)**गच्छन्तःनापि व्याधेन काननं पर्यटता मन्थरः **^(१०)प्राप्तः। प्राप्य तं गृहीत्वोत्थाप्यधनुषि बद्धा भ्रमन्क्लेशात्क्षुत्पिपासा^(११)**कुलः स्वगृहाभिमुखं चलितः।अथ मृगवायसमूषिकाः परं विषादं गच्छन्तस्तमनुजग्मुः।ततो हिरण्यकोविलपति।
^(१२)एकस्य दुःखस्य न यावदंतं गच्छाम्यहं पारमिवार्णवस्य।
तावद्वितीयं समुपस्थितं मे छिद्रेष्वनर्था बहुलीभवन्ति॥१७७॥
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१ One like me. अहं विधा यस्य ब०. २Confidence, trust. ३ That for which there is no help i. e. inevitable. नास्ति शरणं यस्मात् ब ० ४ When you become deprived of the company of the good, you will certainly fall into that of the wicked. सत्संगरहितः सतां (साधूनां ) संगेन रहितः तृ० त० Here भविष्यसि and पतिष्यसि are repeated for the sake of showing certainty. गोष्ठी means conversation or assembly. ५ Salutary, or friendly advice. हितं वचनं ( कर्म ०) ६ Having disregarded or dispised. ७Like one confounded or bewildered. ८Suspecting evil through friendship.९ Going or walking on land (as opposed to water जले). १० Was seized or caught. ११ Overpowered by hunger and thirst. क्षुधा च पिपासया च आकुल**:**तृ० त०. १२ Scarcely have I gone to the end of one calamity as to the end of the ocean, when another has befallen me. Misfortunes multiply when there are already weak points (छिद्रेषु). That is, misfortunes never come single पार means the other side of a river &c.
^(१)स्वाभाविकं तु यन्मित्रं भाग्येनैवाभिजायते।
तदकृत्रिमसौहार्दमापत्स्वपि न मुञ्चति॥१७८॥
^(२)नमातरि न दारेषु न सोदर्ये न चात्मजे।
विश्वासस्तादृशः पुंसां यादृग्मित्रे स्वभावजे॥१७९॥
इति मुहुर्विचिन्त्य अहो दुर्दैवम्। यतः।
^(३)स्वकर्मसंतानविचेष्टितानि कालान्तरावर्तिशुभाशुभानि।
इहैव दृष्टानि मयैव तानि जन्मान्तराणीव दशान्तराणि॥१८०॥
अथवे**^(४)**त्थमेवैतत्।
^(५)कायः संनिहितापायः संपदः पदमापदाम्।
समागमाः सापगमाः सर्वमुत्पादि भङ्गुरम्॥१८१॥
पुनर्विमृश्याह।
शो^(६)कारातिभयत्राणं प्रीतिविश्रम्भभाजनम्।
केन रत्नमिदं सृष्टं मित्रमित्यक्षरद्वयम्॥१८२॥
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** १** That natural friend whom we get through mere good luck, is artlessly affectionate and does not leave us even in adversity. स्वाभाविकंस्वभावत् जातं (without any effort ). अकृत्रिमसौहादं–अकृत्रिमं सौहार्दंयस्य. (ब.) qualifying मित्रं. २ People have not that confidence in their mothers, wives, brothers and sons, which they have in one who is naturally friendly to them. स्वभावजे– स्वभावात्जाते स्वभावजं. ३ Even here (in this very existence) have I seen (passed through those lucky and miserable conditions of life which are the effects .( विचेष्टितानि ) of a series of our own actions and which generally turn up after a long time, as if I had been passing thrugh a succession of lives स्वकर्मसंतानावश्चेष्टितानि स्वेषां कर्मणां संतानानां विचेष्टितानि ष. त; कालान्तरम्—अन्यः कालः (कर्म.) कालांतरात्आवर्तत इति उपपद Dissolve जन्मांतराणि and दशांतराणि like कालांतरं. ४ Or rathor, it is thus ५. The body has dangers always at hand, wealth is the abode of miseries. unions are attended with separations; everything that is born is perishable. संनिहितापायः- संनिहिता अपायाःयस्य ब.सापगमाः—अपगमेन सहिताः ब. ६ Who has created this jewel viz., the two letters mitra, which is a protection against sorrow, enemies ( अराति and fear, and which is a receptacle of loveand confidence शांकारानि &c. शोकश्च अरातिश्च भयंच शोकारातिभयानि (द्वंद्व) तेभ्यः त्राणं पं.त, प्रीतिविश्रभयोः भाजनं ष० त०, अक्षरयोः द्वयं ष. त.
किं च।
^(१)मित्रं प्रीतिरसायनं नयनयोरानन्दनं चेतसः
पात्रं यत्सुखदुःखयोः सह भवेन्मित्रेण तद्दुर्लभम्।
ये चान्ये सुहृदः समृद्धिसमये द्रव्याभिलाषाकुला–
स्ते सर्वत्र मिलन्ति तत्त्वनिकषग्रावा तु तेषां विपत्॥१८३॥
इति बहु विलप्य हिरण्यकश्चित्राङ्गलघुपतनकावाह। यावदय व्याधो वनान्न निः**^(२)**सरति तावन्मन्थरं मोचयितुं यत्नः क्रियताम्। तावूचतुः। सत्वरं **^(३)कार्यमुच्यताम्। हिरण्यको ब्रूते। चित्राङ्गो जलसमीपं गत्वा मृतमिवात्मानं दर्शयतु। काकश्च तस्योपरि स्थित्वा चञ्च्वा किमपि विलि^(४)**खतु। **^(५)नूनमनेन लुब्धकेन तत्र कच्छपं परित्यज्य मृगमांसार्थिना सत्वरं गन्तव्यम्। ततोहं मन्थरस्य बन्धनं छेत्स्यामि संनिहिते लुब्धके भवद्भ्यां पलायितव्यम्। चित्राङ्गलघुपतनकाभ्यां शीघ्रं गत्वा तथानुष्ठिते सति स व्याधः श्रान्तः पानीयं पीत्वा तरोरधस्तादुपविष्टस्तथाविधं मृगमपश्यत्। ततः कर्तरि^(६)कामादाय प्रहृष्टमना मृगान्तिकं चलितः। तत्रान्तरे हिरण्यकेनागत्य मन्थरस्य बन्धनं छिन्नम्। स कूर्मः सत्वरं जलाशयं प्रविवेश। स मृग आ^(७)सन्नं तं व्याधं विलोक्योत्थाय पलायितः। प्र^(८)**त्यावृत्य लुब्धको यावत्तरुतलमायाति
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** १** A friend who is a collyrium made of love to the eyes,. an object of delight to the mind, and who is a ‘fit ? receptacle of happiness and misery (sharing happiness and misery with his friend ), is very hard to find ; but ’ those other friends, who, full of the greed of money (surround you) in your days of prosperity, are to be found everywhere. Adversity is, therefore, the touch-stone on which their sincerity or otherwise is tested. प्रीतिरसायनं ष० त०, द्रव्याभिलाषाकलाः तृ० त०, तत्वस्य निकषग्रावा ष० त० २ Goes away from**.३** Let what is to be done be spoken out or ordered. ४ Scratch, peck at. ५ नूनं … गंतव्यम्. It is certain that this hunter being full of the greed of venision, will leave Manthara’and quickly run towards the doer. ६ Scissors. ७ See- ing the hunter come or draw near.८ Having returned.
तावत्कूर्ममपश्यन्नचिन्तयत्। उचितमैवेत**^(१)**न्ममासमीक्ष्यकारिणः। यतः।
^(२)यो ध्रुवाणि परित्यज्य अध्रुवाणि निषेवते।
ध्रुवाणि तस्य नश्यन्ति अध्रुवं नष्टमेव हि॥१८४॥
ततोसौ स्वकर्मव**^(३)**शान्निराशः **^(४)कटकं प्रविष्टः। मन्थरादयः सर्वे त्यक्ता^(५)**पदः स्वस्थानं गत्वा यथासुखमास्थिताः॥
अथ राजपुत्रैः सानन्दमुक्तम् सर्वं **^(६)श्रुतवन्तः सुखिनो वयम्। सिद्धं नः समीहि^(७)तम्। विष्णुशर्मोवाच। एतावता भवतामभिलषितं संप^(८)**न्नम् अपरमपीदमस्तु।
^(९)मित्रं प्राप्नुत सज्जना जनपदैर्लक्ष्मीः समालम्ब्यतां
भूपालाः परिपालयन्तु वसुधां शश्वत्स्वधर्मे स्थिताः।
आस्तां मानसतुष्टये सुकृतिनां नीतिर्नवोढेव वः
कल्याणं कुरुतां जनस्य भगवांश्चन्द्रार्धचूडामणिः॥१८५॥
. ^(१०)इति हितोपदेशे मित्रलाभो नाम प्रथमः कथासंग्रहः समाप्तः।
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** १** It is indeed deserved by me who have acted thoughtlessly. असमीक्ष्यकारिणः —असमीक्ष्य करोतीति असमीक्ष्यकारी तस्य.२ He, who having parted with that which is certain, runs after what is uncertain, loses that certain while the uncertain is as good as lost. ३ Through his own (rash) action.४ Camp; tent. ५Who had surmounted all miseries. त्यक्ताः आपदः यैः ते. ब० ६ Who have heard. Past P. active of श्रु. ७ A wished-for object. ८ Accomplished, gained. ९ May you, oh good people, obtain friends; may people ( जनपदैः) get Lakshmi (i. e. enjoy affluences) may kings ever remain loyal to their duties and protect the Earth, may the policy of the good always give satisfaction to your mind like a newly married girl and may the God, Siva, who has for his crest the crescent moon, do good to the people ! समालंब्य- ताम्be resorted to. चंद्रार्धचूडामणिः—चंद्रार्धः चूडामणिः यस्य ब०. १०Thus ends the first collection of stories named Mitra lábha ( acquisition of friends ) in the Hitopadesha ( salutary advice )
**॥सुहृ^(१)द्भेदः॥ **
**^(२)अथ राजपुत्रा ऊचुः। आर्य मित्रलाभः श्रुतस्ता^(३)**वदस्माभिः। इदानीं सुहृद्भेदं श्रोतुमिच्छामः। विष्णुशर्मोवाच। सुहृद्भेदं तावच्छृणुत यस्यायमाद्यःश्लोकः।
^(४)वर्धमानो महास्नेहो मृगेन्द्रवृषयोर्वने।
पिशुनेनातिलुब्धेन जम्बुकेन विनाशितः॥१॥
राजपुत्रैरुक्तम्। कथमेतत्। विष्णुशर्मा कथयति।
अस्ति दक्षिणा**^(५)पथे सुव^(६)र्णवती नाम नगरी। तत्र वर्धमानो नाम वणिग्निवसति।तस्य प्रचुरेपि^(७)** वित्तेपराब**^(८)न्धुनतिसमृद्धा^(९)**न्समीक्ष्य **^(१०)**पुनरर्थ-वृद्धिः करणीयेति मतिर्बभूव। यतः।
^(११)अधोधः पश्यतः कस्य महिमा नोपचीयते।
उपर्युपरि पश्यन्तः सर्व एव दरिद्रति॥२॥
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** १** The breach of friendship or estrangement of friends सुहृदां भेदः ष० त० २ Then, afterwards. ३ As to, as for. ४ Great friendship (once) growing up in the forest between the lord of beasts (lion) and a bull, was destroyed by a very wicked and avaricious jackal वर्धमान Pre. Pof वृधू 1 A. मृगेंद्रवृषयोः (द्वंद्व) मृगेंद्रस्य वृषस्य च विनाशितः P. P. of the caus. of नश् 4 P. with वि. ५ दक्षिणापथे ( ष० त०) दक्षिणस्याः पथि, being changed toपथin compounds.६ Possessing or full of gold. ७ In spite of a large store of wealth. It is a Loc. abs. construction. ८ अपरान् बंधून् His relations ( other than himself ). ९ Prosperous, opulent १० पुनरर्थ… बभूव A desire arose in him to increase his already large fortune. ११Whose greatness does not, indeed, increase when he looks lower and lower ? All who look higher and higher become poor. The meaning is, he who looks at those who are below him in worldly prosperity, is sure to be contented with his own lot and is thus said to rise in prosperity, while those who look at those who are more prosperous than themselves, are discontented and thus they are said to be miserable or poor. उपचीयते Pass. of चि 5 P. and A with उप. दरिद्रति Third P. Plural of the Present of दरिद्रा 2 P.
अपरं च।
^(१)ब्रह्महापि नरः पूज्यो यस्यास्ति विपुलं धनम्।
शशिनस्तुल्यवंशोपिनिर्धनः परिभूयते॥३॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)अव्यवसायिनमलसं दैवपरं साहसाच्च परिहीनम्।
प्रमदेव हि वृद्धपतिं नेच्छत्युपगूहितुं लक्ष्मीः॥४॥
किं च ।
^(३)आलस्य स्त्रीसेवा सरोगता जन्मभूमिवात्सल्यम्।
संतोषो भीरुत्वं षड् व्याघाता महत्त्वस्य॥५॥
यतः।
^(४)संपदा सुस्थितंमन्योभवति स्वल्पयापि यः।
कृतकृत्यो विधिर्मन्ये न वर्धयति तस्य ताम्॥६॥
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** १** That man, who has plenty of wealth, though he be the killer of Brahmans, is (thought ) fit to be worshipped or respected; while he, who is destitute of wealth, though as, noble in podigree as the moon, is despised or disrespected. ब्रम्हहा–ब्रह्महन्तीति उपपद, तुल्यवंश**:**—तुल्यः वंशः यस्य. ब. Properly speaking, शशिनः ought to be शशिना, because words like तुल्य, सम &cshowing likeness govern the Instrumental. निर्धनः ब.. निर्गतं धनं यस्मात्. २ The Goddess of wealth does not . wish to embrace him who is not industrions, who is lazy, who is a fatalist and who is wanting in the spirit of etnerprise as a young woman does (not wish to embrace) an old husband. अव्यवसायिनं न.त दैवपरं-दैवं परं (प्रधान) यस्य. ब. परिहीनं P. P. of हा to sbandon with परि and means abandoned or left off and honce void of, wanting in &c. ३ Laziness, attendance on a woman, a diseased condition, excessive attachment to one’s motherland, contentedness and timidity—( these ) six are obstacles to greatness. सरोगता abs. noun from सरोग ( ब ) रोगेण सहितः वासल्यabs. noun. from वत्सल. ४ When a man considers himself well-off (सुस्थित) even, with a little wealth, I think, Fatethinking (himself). to have done his duty by him does not increase his wealth ( तां ). सुस्थितंमन्यः = सुष्ठु स्थितं ( आत्मानं ) मन्यते इति कृतकृत्यः कृतं कृत्यं येन. ब. he. who has done what he ought to do and hence, blessed or happy.
अपरं च।
^(१)निरुत्साहं निरानन्दं निर्वीर्यमरिनन्दनम्।
मा स्म सीमन्तिनी काचिज्जनयेत्पुत्रमीदृशम्॥७॥
तथा चोक्तम् \।
^(२)अलब्धं चैव लिप्सेत लब्धं रक्षेदवक्षयात्।
रक्षितं वर्धयेत्सम्यग्वृद्धं तीर्थेषु निक्षिपेत्॥८॥
यतोलब्धमि**^(३)च्छतोनुद्योगादप्राप्तिरेव। लब्धस्याप्यरक्षितस्य निधे^(४)रपि स्वयं विनाशः। अपि च। अवर्धमा^(५)**नश्चार्थः काले **^(६)स्वल्पव्ययोप्यञ्जन^(७)**वत्क्षयमेति। **^(८)**अनुपभुज्यमानश्चनिष्प्रयोजन एव सः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(९)धनेन किं यो न ददाति नाश्नुते बलेन किं यश्च रिपून्न बाधते।
श्रुतेन किं यो न च धर्ममाचरेत्किमात्मना यो न जितेन्द्रियो
भवत्॥९॥
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** १** May no woman give birth to such a son as is void of energy, cheerfuiness and spirit and is the delight of his enemies ! निरुत्सार, निरानंद and निर्वीर्य are all ब. अरिनंदनं ष० त०, मास्मजनयेत् is a peculiar construction. २ Oneshould still wish for that which is not yet obtained, protect from damage that which is obtained properly, increase that which is protected and spend what is increased on proper objects. अलब्ध न० न०, लिप्सेत potential 3rd P’. Sing. A. of desi- derative of a लभ्तीर्थ a holy place or person and hence a fitting object of charity. ३ यतोऽलब्ध….रेव Since for a person who (merely wishes for a thing not obtained, the thing remains unacquired through want of industry, that is, if a person wishes to obtain anything but is not industrious enough ho does not get it. The words are differently read else. where as अर्थयागादर्थस्य प्राप्तिरेव, but they arenot so intelligible as those in the text४ निधेः of a treasure.५ Not being increased (by industry) ६ Though spent little by little. स्वल्पः व्ययः यस्य. ब० ७ Like collyrium ८ अनुपः… सः—And moreover, when it is not enjoyed, it is, to all intents and purposes, quite useless. ९ What is the use of wealth (to him) who neither gives it in charity nor enjoys it? What is the good of strength (to him) who does not molest his enemies? What is the benefit of sacred lore ( श्रुत) (to him) who does not act up to his religion and what is the use of the soul (to him) who has not curbed his passions? Here we must understand तस्य after eachquestion, e. g. धनेन किं तस्य यो &c. जितेंद्रिय ( ब० ) जितानि इंद्रियाणि येन.
यतः।
^(१)अञ्जनस्य क्षयं दृष्ट्वा वल्मीकस्य चं संचयम्।
अवन्ध्यं दिवसं कुर्याद्दानाध्ययनकर्मसु॥१०॥
^(२)जलबिन्दुनिपातेन क्रमशः पूर्यते घटः।
स हेतुः सर्वविद्यानां धर्मस्य च धनस्य च॥११॥
^(३)दानोपभोगरहिता दिवसा यस्य यान्ति वै।
सकर्मकारभस्त्रेव श्वसन्नपि न जीवति॥१२॥
इति संचिन्त्य नन्दकसंजीवकनामानौ वृषभौ **^(४)धुरि नियोज्य शकटं नानाविधद्र^(५)व्यपूर्णं कृत्वा वाणिज्ये^(६)**नगतः काश्मीरं प्रति।
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** १** Seeing the decrease of collyrium ( by use ) and the increase of an anthill (by accumulation, one should spend one’s days usefully (lit. make the days fruitful) in pursuits like alms-giving or religious study. अवंध्य न० त०, not barron, that is, fruitful. दानाध्ययनकर्मसु-दानं च अध्ययनं च कर्मच दानाध्ययनकर्माणि (द्वंद्व) तेषु or दानं च अध्ययनं च कर्माणि तयोः २ A water-jar is gradually filled by the falling of drops (by the constant dripping) of water. The very same (gradual acquisition) is the cause (of the accumulation) of all lores, religious merit and wealth. जलस्य बिंदूनां निपातेन ष० त० सहेतुः viz. क्रमशः पूरणम्. ३ That man, whose days pass away without any chaarity and enjoyment (of wealth) does not live though he breaths (श्वसन्नपि ) like the bellows of an artisan दानोपभोगाभ्यांरहिताः तृ० त० कर्मकारभस्त्रेव कर्म करोति इति (उपपद ) कर्मकारः तस्य भस्मा.४ धुरि नियोज्य having yoked. नियोज्य, the causal is here used for the primitive नियुज्य ५ नानाविध… कृत्वा having filled · it (the cart) with wares of various description नानाविध is ब० नानाविधद्रव्य कर्म०and नानाविधद्रव्यपूर्णं तृ० त० ६ Went for trade (वाणिज्येन). The use of the instrumental in the sense of the dative is peculiar and idiomatic.
यतः।
^(१)कोतिभारः समर्थानां किं दूरं व्यवसायिनाम्।
को विदेशः सविद्यानां कः परः प्रियवादिनाम्॥१३॥
अथ गच्छतस्तस्य सु**^(२)दुर्गनाम्नि महा^(३)रण्ये संजीवको भग्न^(४)**जानुर्निपतितः। तमालोक्य वर्धमानोचिन्तयत्।
^(५)करोतु नाम नीतिज्ञो व्यवसायमितस्ततः।
फलं पुनस्तदेवास्य यद्विधेर्मनसि स्थितम्॥१४॥
किं तु।
^(६)विस्मयः सर्वथा हेयः प्रत्युहः सर्वकर्मणाम्।
तस्माद्विस्मयमुत्सृज्य साध्ये सिद्धिर्विधीयताम्॥१५॥
इति संचिन्त्य संजीवकं तत्र परित्यज्य वर्धमानः पुनः स्वयं धर्मपुरं नाम नगरं गत्वा महा**^(७)**कायमन्यं वृषभमेकं **^(८)समानीय धुरि नियोज्य चलितः। ततः संजीवकोपि कथंक^(९)**थमपि **^(१०)**खुरत्रये भरं कृत्वोत्थितः। यतः।
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** १**What is very burdcnsomeor heavy to the strong?What is remote to those who are industrious? What is a foreign country to the learned? And who is a stranger to those who talk sweetly ? व्यवसायिन् is a possessive adjective from व्यवसाय, formed by the addition of इन्, before which the final vowel (here अ ) is dropped. It is thus explained: व्यवसायो विद्यते येषां ते. सविद्य is व० विद्यया सहिताः सविद्याः प्रियवादिन्उपपद. २ Named सुदुर्ग (सु very much and दुर्ग difficult ) that i- very innccessible or impassable. ३ Large forest. महति अरण्येकर्म. ४ With thekneebroken.५ Let a man versed in the ways of the world exert himself to his utmost; but the fruit (of his exertions) is sure to be that which Providence wills नीतिज्ञः ( उपपद ). नीतिं जानातीति. ६ Stupefaction which is a hindrance to all actions should, by all means, be cast of therefore, let bewilderment be guarded against and success, striven after with regard to the object aimed at हेय (from हा 3P.) to be abandoned.७ Of a big body, that is of a very large size महान् कायः यस्य ब. ८ Having procured o brought. ९ Some-how; with difficulty. १० खुरजये…कृत्वा having supported himself on his three legs. खुरत्रये ष.त.
^(१)निमग्नस्य पयोराशौ पर्वतात्पतितस्य च।
तक्षकेणापि दष्टस्य आयुर्मर्माणि रक्षति॥१६॥
^(२)नाकाले म्रियते जन्तुर्विद्धः शरशतैरपि I
कुशाग्रेणैव संस्पृष्टः प्राप्तकालो न जीवति॥१७॥
^(३)अरक्षितं तिष्ठति दैवरक्षितं सुरक्षितं दैवहतं विनश्यति।
जीवत्यनाथोपि वने विसर्जितः कृतप्रयत्नोपि गृहे न जीवति॥१८॥
ततो दिनेषु गच्छत्सु संजीवकः स्वेच्छाहा**^(४)रविहारं कृत्वारण्यं भ्राम्यन्हृष्टपु^(५)ष्टांगोबलव^(६)**न्ननाद। तस्मिन्वने पिङ्गलकनामा सिंहः
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** १** The duration of life (the fixed period for which a being is destined to live) protects the vital parts of the body of him who is drowned in the ocean (lit. reservoirs of water ), of him who has fallen downfrom a mountain and of him who is bitten oven by a great serpent. पयोराशौ ( ष. त. ) पयसः राशौ तक्षक the name of the serpent chief mentioned in the Mahabharata. It was this very तक्षक who killed परिक्षित्, the grandson of Arjuna and the father of जनमेजय. २ Though pierced with a hundred arrows, a creature does not die prematurely (that is, before the time fixed for his death); while one whose proper time ( of death) has arrived, does not live ( dies ) when pricked even with the point of a blade of Kusa grass. अकाले न० त०, शरशतैः ष० त०, प्राप्तकालः (ब०) प्राप्तः कालः यस्य or यम्. ३That which is not protected, remains protected by Fate, ( while) that which is well guarded perishes when smitten by Fate; even a forlorn creature lives if abandoned in a forest, while one does not live (perishes) oven in the house when efforts are made to save him. Understand वस्तु after अरक्षितं. दैवरक्षितं and दैवहतं are तृ० त० अनाथः ( ब०) न विद्यते नाथो यस्य कृतप्रयत्नः also to कृताः प्रयत्नाः यस्मै ४ स्वेच्छा…..कृत्वा Eating and living at his pleasure. स्वच्छया आहारविहारं ( समाहारद्वंद्व) ५ हृष्टपुष्टांगः Having fresh and fat limbs, हृष्टपुष्टानि अंगानि यस्य ब ० ६ बलवन्ननाद. Bellowed aloud बलयत् being used as an adverb.
**^(१)**स्वभुजोपार्जितराज्यसुखमनुभवन्निवसति।तथा चोक्तम्।
^(२)नाभिषेको न संस्कारः सिंहस्य क्रियते मृगैः।
विक्रमार्जितराज्यस्य स्वयमेव मृगेन्द्रता॥१९॥
स चैकदा पिपासा**^(३)कुलितः पानीयं पातुं यमुनाक^(४)च्छमगच्छत्। तेन च तत्र सिंहेनाननु^(५)भूतपूर्वकमकाल^(६)घनगर्जितमिव संजीव^(७)कनर्दितम^(८)श्रावि। तच्छ्रुत्वा पानीयमपी^(९)त्वा स चकितः परिवृत्य स्वस्थानमागत्य किमिदमित्यालो^(१०)चयंस्तू^(११)ष्णीं स्थितः स च तथावि^(१२)धः करटकदमनकाभ्यामस्य मन्त्रिपुत्राभ्यां शृगालाभ्यां दृष्टः। तं तथाविधं दृष्ट्वा दमनकः करटकमाह।सखे करटक किमित्ययमुद^(१३)कार्थी स्वामी पानीयमपीत्वा स^(१४)चकितो मन्दं मन्दम^(१५)**वतिष्ठते।करटको ब्रूते। मित्र दमनक **^(१६)**अस्मन्मतेनास्य सेवैव न क्रियते।यदि तथा भवति
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** १** स्वभुजो… अनुभवन् Enjoying the pleasures of royalty acquired by the prowess of his arms स्वस्य भुजैः उपार्जितं राज्यं तस्य सुखम् . २ Neither coronation, nor any other ritual is performed by the beasts for tho lion. The sovereignty of beasts (मृगेंद्रता) comes to him ( the lion ) since he has acquired a kingdom by his prowess. विक्रमार्जितराज्यस्य—विक्रमेण अर्जितं राज्यं येन तस्य ब, मृगेंद्रता - मृगेंद्रस्य भावः ३ Overpowered by thirst. पिपासया आकुलितः तृ त. पिपासा is a substantive derived from the desiderative of पा. ४ Bank. ५ अननुभूतपूर्वम्–न अनुभूतपूर्वम्. न. त. Not experienced (heard ) before. ६ अकाल… …मिवLike the thunder of a cloud heard untimely or at an improper time. अकाले घनस्य गर्जितम् ष. त. ७ The (thundor- like ) bollowing of संजीवक ८ अश्रावि Pass. Aorist 3rd P. Singular of श्रु 5 P. ९ अपीत्वा—न पीत्वा. न. त. Without drinking, not drinking. १० Reflecting or considoring (what it may mean). ११ Silent, quiet. १२ In that state ( viz:., of amazeinent, terror ) तथा विधा यस्य. ब. १३ उदकार्थी Desirous of water. उदकं अर्थयते इति उपपद. १४ Stupefied, amazed सचकितः is an unusual compound, because चकित being an adjective is used in the sense of a substantive. चकितेन सहितः ब. १५ Sits down. १६ अस्मन्मतेन…..क्रियते In my opinion ( if you ask my opinion ) he should not be served ( by us ) at all, that is he is not fit to be served by us.
तर्हि **^(१)किमनेन स्वामिचेष्टानिरूपणेनास्माकम्। यतोनेन राज्ञा विनापराधेन चिरमवधीरितीभ्यामा^(२)**वाभ्यां महद्दुःखमनुभूतम्।
^(३)सेवया धनमिच्छद्भिः सेवकैः पश्य यत्कृतम्।
स्वातन्त्र्यं यच्छरीरस्य मूढैस्तदपि हारितम्॥२०॥
अपरं च।
^(४)शीतवातातपक्लेशान्सहन्ते यान्पराश्रिताः।
तदंशेनापि मेधावी तपस्तप्त्वा सुखी भवेत्॥२१॥
अन्यच्च।
^(५)एतावज्जन्मसाफल्यं यदनायत्तवृत्तिता।
ये पराधीनतां यातास्ते वै जीवन्ति के मृताः॥२२॥
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** १** किमनेन … निरूपेण What is the good of watching (निरूपणेन) the movements of our lord?स्वामिनः चेष्टानां निरूपणेन ष० त०. The use of the particleकिम् with the instrumental of a noun is very idiomatio किंतेन what of that, that is, what is tha use of that? Cf. सद्विद्या यदि किं धनैः &c. २ चिरमवधीरितीभ्यामावाभ्यां By us who have been long disregarded or despised (by: him). ३ Behold what is done by servants wishing to acquire wealth by means of service! By those fools even the liberty of their persons is lost or sold. सेवया धनमिच्छद्भिः =सेवां कृत्वा धनं लब्धुं इच्छद्भिः. Understand तत् before पश्य as corresponding to यत् स्वातंत्र्य = स्वतंत्रायाः भावः abs. noun.from स्वतंत्र. हारितम् P. P. of tho caus. of हृ 1 P** ४** A wise man will be happy by undergoing even a part of that trouble in practising penance, which those who have been dependent upon others do suffer in the shape of cold, wind .and heat. शीत………क्लेशान्— शीतं च वातश्च आतपश्च एवं क्लेशान्शीतवातातपक्लेशान्.. कर्म० पराश्रिताः स० त० तदंशेन = तेषां अंशेन ष० त०.५ What is called an independent source of livelihood is really the fruitfulness ( साफल्यं ) of life. If those who have reduced themselves to dependence, are said to live, who are ( really ) dead ? जन्मसाफल्यं–जन्मनः साफल्यं ष० त०, अनायत्तायाः वृत्तेर्भावः—अनायत्तवृत्तिता पराधीनस्य भावः-पराधीनता. वै=यादि चेत्, तेवै which is of course better.
अपरं च।
^(१)एहि गच्छ पतोत्तिष्ठ वद मौनं समाचर
एवमाशाग्रहग्रस्तैः क्रीडन्ति धनिनोर्थिभिः॥२३॥
किं च।
^(२)अबुधैरर्थलाभाय पण्यस्त्रीभिरिव स्वयम्।
आत्मा संस्कृत्य संस्कृत्य परोपकरणीकृतः॥२४॥
किं च।
^(३)या प्रकृत्यैव चपला निपतत्यशुचावपि।
स्वामिनो बहु मन्यन्ते दृष्टिं तामपि सेवकाः॥२५॥
अपरं च। मौनान्मूर्खः प्रवचनपटु**^(४)**र्वातुलो जल्पको वा
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** १** Come, go away, fall down, get up, speak, hold the tongue-in this way do rich people sport with the supplicants who are possessed by the demon of greed. आशाग्रहग्रस्तैः–आशा एव ग्रहः (कर्म ०) तेन ग्रस्ताः तृ० त० २ The foolish, for the sake of gaining wealth, have, of their own accord, made themselves as the instruments of others by often disciplining themselves like harlots, who having dressel themselves often and often make themselves useful to others ( lovers )अबुधैः न० त०, अर्थलाभाय ष० त॰ पण्यस्त्री lit. a woman bought by price (पुण्य) and hence a courtezan, a mistress. परोपकरणीकृतः-परेषां उपकरणस्थाने कृतः- उपकरण a tool, an instrument ३ Servants think highly even of that look of their master, which (look) is by nature very unsteady and falls even on an impure person. The look ( दृष्टि ) being चपला is never fixed on one person, that is they (masters favour now one and now another.४ A servant is considered by the master to be a fool through his silence, mad, crazy or overtalkative, if he be clever in talking, timid for his forbcarance, and if he does not bear meckly (any ill-treatment or harsh words ) he considers him (the servant) to be of mean birth, if he stays close to him, he considers him to be audacious, and wanting in courage if he keeps aloof. The duty of servitude is very difficult and is unfathomable even to saints. For मूर्खः-anothor reading is मूकः which means dumb प्रवचनपटुः - स० त० धृष्टः पार्श्वे वसति. Construe ( यदि ) पार्श्वे वसति ( तार्ह ) धृष्टः.
क्षान्त्या भीरुर्यदि न सहते प्रायशो नाभिजातः।
धृष्टः पार्श्वे वसति नियतं दूरतश्चाप्रगल्भः
सेवाधर्मः परमगहनो योगिनामप्यगम्यः॥२६॥
विशे**^(१)**षतश्च।
^(२)प्रणमत्युन्नतिहेतोर्जीवितहेतोर्विमुञ्चति प्राणान्।
दुःखीयति सुखहेतोः को मूढः सेवकादन्यः॥२७॥
दमनको ब्रूते। मित्र सर्वथा मनसापि**^(३)** नैतत्कर्तव्यम्। यतः।
^(४)कथं नाम न सेव्यन्ते यत्नतः परमेश्वराः।
अचिरेणैव ये तुष्टाः पूरयन्ति मनोरथान्॥२८॥
अन्यच्च पश्य।
^(५)कुतः सेवाविहीनानां चामरोद्धूतसंपदः।
उद्दण्डधवलच्छत्रं वाजिवारणवाहिनी॥२९॥
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** १** More especially or particularly. २ He(servant) humbles himself for being exalted, sacrifices his life (for his master) for the sake of a living, and suffers pain for the sake of ease. Who is there that is a greater fool than a servant ? that is, a servant who does all these things is the greatest fool. Here the words प्रणमति, andउन्नति and दुःखीयति and सुख are opposed in sense to each other. दुःखीयति = दुःखी भवति सुखहेतोः ष० त०. ३ Should not bethought of even in the mind. ४ How, indeed should rich poople ( परमेश्वरः ) not be served with efforts, since when pleased they soon fulfill all desires. कथं नाम न सेव्यंते = कथं न सेव्या. ५ Whencecan those, who are deprived of service (out of service), have riches, the possessors of which have chowris waved over their heads, have a white umbrella with a long staff and an army consisting of horses, elephants and infantry? Understand भवेयुः after कुतः सेवाविहीन तृ० त०, चामरोद्धूतसम्पदः- चामरैः उद्धूतः (तृ० त० ) चामरोद्धूताः ( संपदः ). उदंडधवलच्छत्रं-उदंडं च धवलं च छत्रं. कर्म० ; उद्दंड ब० उद्धतः दंडः यस्य वाजिंवारणवाहिनी = वाजिवारणयुक्ता वाहिनी.
करटको ब्रूते। तथापि किमनेनास्माकं **^(१)व्यापारेण। यतोव्या^(२)पारेषु व्यापारः सर्वथा परिह^(३)**रणीयः। पश्य।
^(४)अव्यापारेषु व्यापारं यो नरः कर्तुमिच्छति।
स एव निधनं याति कीलोत्पाटीव वानरः॥३०॥
दमनकः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। करटकः कथयति।
कथा॥१॥
अस्ति मगधदेशे धर्मारण्यसंनिहित**^(५)वसुधायां शुभदत्तनाम्ना का^(६)यस्थेन वि^(७)हारः कर्तुमारब्धः। तत्र करपत्रदार्यमा^(८)णैकस्तम्भस्य कियद्दूरस्फा^(९)टितस्य काष्ठख^(१०)ण्डद्वयमध्ये कीलकः सूत्रधारे^(११)णनिहितः। तत्र बलवान्वानर^(१२)यूथः क्रीडन्नागतः। एकोवानरः कालप्रेरि^(१३)तइव तं कीलकं हस्ताभ्यां धृत्वोपविष्टः। तत्र तस्य मुष्क^(१४)द्वयं लम्बमानं काष्ठख^(१५)ण्डद्वयाभ्यन्तरे प्रविष्टम्। अनन्तरं स च सहज^(१६)**चपलतया महता
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** १** किमनेन… व्यापारेण What havewe to do with this affair? २ अव्यापारेषु व्यापारः Concorning oneself with things with which onehas no concern at all. ३Should be avoided or shunned. ४ That man who wishes to concern himself with things with which hehas no concern, meets with death (निधनं याति) like the ape ( in the following story ) who tried to pull out a wedge. कीलोत्पाटी = कलिं उत्पाटयतीति उपपद. For स एव निधनं याति we have स भूमौ निहतः शेते which means—he lies down dead on the ground. ५ On the grounds near the धर्मारण्य. धर्मारण्यसंनिहिताया वसुधा कर्म ६ One of a writer-caste proceeding from a father and a शूद्र mother.७ A Jaina temple, a convent.८ Of a beam being split by means of a saw ( करपत्र ). करपत्रेण दार्यमाणः एकः स्तंभः तस्य. ९Which was split to a certain length.१० Between two split up pieces or planks of wood. ११ A carpenter. १२ A herd. १३ As if impelled by death. कालप्रेरितः तृ० त०. १४ The two testicles. १५ Between the two pieces of wood.१६ Through the mischievous tendency natural to a monkey. सहजा चासौ चपलता तया.
प्रयत्नेन तं कीलकमाकृष्ट**^(१)वान्। आकृष्टे च कीलके चूर्णिता^(२)ण्डद्वयं, पञ्चत्वं गतः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। अव्यापारेषु व्यापारम् इत्यादि दमनको ब्रूते। तथापि स्वामिचेष्टा^(३)निरूपणं सेवकेनावश्यं करणीयम्। करटको ब्रूते। स^(४)र्वस्मिन्नधिकारे य एव नियुक्तः प्रधानमन्त्री स करोतु। यतो^(५)नुजीविना पराधि^(६)**कारचर्चा सर्वथा न कर्तव्या। पश्य।
^(७)पराधिकारचर्चां यः कुर्यात्स्वामिहितेच्छया।
स विषीदति चीत्काराद्गर्दभस्ताडितो यथा॥३१॥
दमनकः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। करटको ब्रूते।
कथा॥२॥
अस्ति वाराण**^(८)स्यां कर्पूरपट^(९)को नाम रजकः। स चाभिनवव^(१०)यस्कया बध्वा सह चिरात् केलिं^(११)कृत्वा निर्भरं^(१२)प्रसुप्तः। तदनन्तरं तद्गृहद्रव्याणि^(१३)**हर्तुं चौरः प्रविष्टः। तस्य **^(१४)**प्राङ्गणे गर्दभो बद्धस्तिष्ठति।
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** १** Drew or pulled out. आकृष्टवान् Nom. Sing. Masc. of the P. P. active of कृष् with आ 1 P. २ He whose testicles were crushed. चूर्णितं अंडद्वयं यस्य ३ The watching oftheactions of the master. स्वामिनः चेष्टाणां निरूपणम् ष० त०. ४ सर्वस्मिन्… करोतु. Let him who exercises full powers do it; that is, it is the business of him who is chief minister. ५ An inferior servant. ६ Discussion about the duties of others. ७ He who with the desire of securing his master’s welfare, interferes with other’s duties, comes to grief as the ass (in tho following) was beaten on account of braying. पराधिकारचर्चा=परेषां अधिकारः तस्य चर्चा ष० त०, स्वामिहितेच्छया—स्वामिनः हितं तस्य इच्छया. ८ वाराणसी is the modern Benares ९ कर्पूरपटकः- कर्पूर इव पटकानि यस्य He who washed clothes as white as camphor ( कर्पूर ) १० अभिनव &c Youthful अभिनवं वयः यस्याः तया ब०. ११ Having amorously sported. १२ Soundly. १३ To steal away the things in his house or his property. १४ In the courtyard or compound of his house.
कुक्कु**^(१)रश्चोपविष्टोस्ति। अथ गर्दभः श्वानमाह। सखे ^(२)भवतस्तावदयं व्यापारः। तत्किमिति त्वमुच्चैः^(३) शब्दं कृत्वा स्वामिनं न जाग^(४)रयासि। कुक्कुरो ब्रूते। भद्र मम नियोगस्य^(५)चर्चा त्वया न कर्तव्या। त्वमेव किं न जानासि यथा तस्याहर्निशं^(६)** गृहर**^(७)क्षां करोमि। यतोयं चिरान्नि^(८)वृतो ममोपयोगं न जानाति। तेनाधुनापि ममाहारदाने म^(९)न्दादरः। यतो विना^(१०)विधुरदर्शनं स्वामिन उपजीविषु भन्दादरा भवन्ति। गर्दभो ब्रूते। शृणुरे बर्बर^(११)**।
**^(१२)याचते कार्यकाले यः स किंभृत्यः स किंसुहृत्।**
कुक्कुरो ब्रूते।
भृत्यान्संभाषयेद्यस्तु कार्यकाले स किंप्रभुः॥३२॥
ततो गर्दभः सकोपमाह। अरे दुष्ट**^(१३)मते पापीयां^(१४)**स्त्वं यद्विपत्तौ स्वा
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** १**A dog. २ भवत…… व्यापारः This is properly speaking your duty, viz., to wake the owner of the house and warn him against the thief.तावत् in the first place. ३ Louldly. ४ Awaken. ५ Task, duty. ६ Day and night. अहनि च निशायां चेति अहर्निशम् अव्य०.७ Protection of thehouse. गृहस्य रक्षां ष० त०. ८ Happy or free from cares for a long time. ९ मम…… मंदादरः Slow in giving memy daily allowance of fool. मंदादर (व०) मंद आहारः यस्य. १० विना विधुरदर्शनम् Without thesight of any danger or calamity or without seeing anydanger. ११ A prattler ; a babbler. १२ He is indeed & mean servant ( किंभृत्यः ) and a mean friend ( किंसुहद्), who asks for wages at the time of action ( in need ); and he is really a bad master who talks sweetly or coaxingly to his servant only at the time of action (in need ) किंभृत्यः. किं सुहृद्and किंप्रभुः are all कर्म०. = कुत्सितः १३ दुष्टमते Oh ovil minded one दुष्टा मतिः यस्य. १४ पापीयासू A rogue, a villain. Here the comparative has no particular propriety.. पापीयान् Nom. Sing. Masc. of पापीयस् comparative of पाप by theaddition of the termination ईयम्before which the final vowel of the base is dropped.
मिकार्य उपेक्षां करोषि। भवतु तावत्। **^(१)**यथा स्वामी जागरिष्यति तन्मया कर्तव्यम्। यतः।
^(२)पृष्ठतः सेवयेदर्कंजठरेण हुताशनम्।
स्वामिनं सर्वभावेन परलोकममायया॥३३॥
इत्युक्त्वातीव चीत्का**^(३)रशब्दं कृतवान्। ततः स रजकस्तेन चीत्कारेण प्रबुद्धो निद्राभ^(४)ङ्गकोपादुत्थाय गर्दभं लगुडे^(५)नताडयामास। तेनासौ पञ्चत्व^(६)मगमत्। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। पराधिकारचर्चाम् इत्यादि॥ पश्य। पशूनामन्वेष^(७)णमेवास्मन्नियोगः। स्वनियोगचर्चा क्रियताम्। विमृश्य। किंत्वद्य तया चर्चया न प्रयोजनम्। यत आवयोर्भक्षितशेषा^(८)**हारः **^(९)**प्रचुरोस्ति। दमनकः सरोषमाह। कथमाहारार्थी भवान्केवलं राजानं सेवते। एतदयुक्तमुक्तं त्वया। यतः
^(१०)सुहृदामुपकारकारणा-
द्द्विषतामप्यपकारकारणात्।
नृपसंश्रय इष्यते बुधै-
र्जठरं को न बिभर्ति केवलम्॥३४॥
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** १** यथा … तमन्या कतर्व्यम्. One would expect here. यथा तथा मया; but तत् is inaccurately used for तथा, or the construction ought to be येन स्वामी जागरिष्यति तन्मया &c. २ One should enjoy (the heat of) the son by the exposure of his back to him, fire by his stomach, the master with all heart and the next world with perfect freedom from insincerity, that is, with perfect candour अमायया ( न० त० ) न मायया. माया is illusion, falsehood. ३ Braying sound.४ Through anger excited by the disturbance of his sleep. ५ A cudgel, & rod. ६ Death, it is lit. being reduced to the five elements of which the body is composed.७ Searching, finding out. ८ The remains of the food eaten. भक्षितात् शेषः ( पं० त० ) स एव आहारः कर्म०.९ Plentiful, abundant. १० The patronage of princes is sought by the wise for being enabled to do good to friends and evil to enemies. As to the mere filling up of the belly, who does not do it ? (that is, every one does it). उपकारकारणात् ष० त०.
^(१)जीविते यस्य जीवन्ति विप्रा मित्राणि बान्धवाः।
सफलं जीवितं तस्य आत्मार्थे को न जीवति॥३५॥
अपि च।
^(२)यस्मिञ्जीवति जीवन्ति बहवः स तु जीवतु।
काकोपि किं न कुरुते चञ्च्वा स्वोदरपूरणम्॥३६॥
पश्य।
^(३)पञ्चभिर्याति दासत्वं पुराणैः कोपि मानवः।
कोपि लक्षैः कृती कोपि लक्षैरपि न लभ्यते॥३७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)मनुष्यजातौ तुल्यायां भृत्यत्वमतिगर्हितम्।
प्रथमो यो न तत्रापि स किं जीवत्सु गण्यते॥३८॥
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(५)वाजवारणलोहानां काष्ठपाषाणवाससाम्।
नारीपुरुषतोयानामन्तरं महदन्तरम्॥३९॥
तथाहि।
स्वल्पमप्य^(६)तिरिच्यते।
^(७)स्वल्पस्नायुवसावशेषमलिनं निर्मांसमप्यस्थिकं
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** १**Fruitful is the living of him by whose living, Brahmans, friends and relatives live. Who does not live for his ownself? २Let him; by whose living many live. live. Does not the crow even fill his belly by means of his beak? स्वोदरपूरणं–स्वस्य उदरस्य पूरणं. ३ Some man accepts servitude only for 5 पुराण s ( coins of silver ); some other feels himself satisfied with a lac, while a third is not to be had (as servant) even for lacs पुराण is a coin equal in value to 80 cowries.४ In mankind which( by birth) is equal, servitnde is very mean. Is he, therefore, who does not stand first even there (in service) to be counted amongst the living? ५Great indeed is the difference between horses,. elephants and iron; betweon wood, stone, and clothes; and between women, men and water वाजिवारण &c. are all द्वंद्व compounds.६ Is of great use or surpasses all. ७ Having obtained a piece of bone dirtied with the remains of a. little grease and a few sinews and devoid of flesh, a. dog becomes satisfied, but it does not gratify his hunger; while the lion having left off a jackal though come to his lap, kills an elephant. All people though reduced todifficulties expect thefruit (of their action) befitting: their worth. स्वल्पस्नायुवतयोः अवशेषः (ष० त०) तेन मलिनंतृ० त०, ‘निर्मांसं. (ब०) निर्गतं मांसं यस्मात् कृच्छ्रगतः—कृच्छ्रं गतः द्वि० त०, सत्वानुरूपं ( ष० त०) सत्वस्य अनुरूपम्.
श्वा लब्ध्वा परितोषमति न भवेत्तस्य क्षुधः शान्तये।
सिंहो जम्बुकमङ्कमागतमपि त्यक्त्वा निहन्ति द्विपं
सर्वःकृच्छ्रगतोपि वाञ्छति जनः सत्त्वानुरूपं फलम्॥४०॥
अपरं च।
सेव्यसेवकयोरन्तरं पश्य।
^(१)लाङ्गूलचालनमधश्चरणावपातं
भूमौ निपत्य वदनोदरदर्शनं च।
श्वा पिण्डदस्य कुरुते गजपुंगवस्तु
धीरं विलोकयति चाटुशतैश्च भुङ्क्ते॥४१॥
किं च।
य^(२)ज्जीव्यते क्षणमपि प्रथितं मनुष्यै-
र्विज्ञानविक्रमयशोभिरभज्यमानम्।
तन्नाम जीवितमिह प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः
काकोपि जीवति चिराय बलिं च भुङ्क्ते॥४२॥
अपरं च।
**^(३)यो नात्मजे न च गुरौ न च भृत्यवर्गे
दीने दयां न कुरुते न च बन्धुवर्गे। **
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** १** A dog (in order to get his food ) wags his tail, falls down at the feet and falling on his back shows his face and stomach to tho giver of his food ( पिंडदस्य ) ; while a great elephant looks on nobly and eats only when coaxed with hundreds of endearing words. लांगूलचालनं ष.त.चरणावपातं–चरणयोः अवपातं ष०त०, वदनोदरदर्शनं—वदनोदरयोः दर्शनं ष० त०, पिंडदस्य पिंड ददातीति पिंडदः तस्य, गजपुंगवः—गजानां पुंगवः ष० त०, चाटुशतैः ष० त० २ The wise, (lit. those who know) say that that life, which is gloriously lived even for a moment, accompanied by (अभज्यमानं) knowledge, valour and fame, is indeed lived. As to simply living, even the crow lives long and maintains himself on oblations विज्ञानविक्रमयशोभि (द्वंद्व) तज्ज्ञाः तत् जानतीति. उपपद ३ What is the good of the life (fruit of life) of that man in the world who does not take pity on his son, preceptor, servants, the poor and relations? Even the crow lives long and maintains himself on oblations. आत्मनः= आत्मनः जातः पं० त०, भृत्यवर्गः ष. त. also बंधुवर्गे. जीवितफल and मनुष्यलोके are also ष. त
किं तस्य जीवितफलेन मनुष्यलोके
काकोपि जीवति चिरं च बलिं च भुङ्क्ते॥४३॥
अपरमपि।
^(१)अहिताहितविचारशून्यबुद्धेः
श्रुतिसमयैर्बहुभिस्तिरस्कृतस्य।
उदरभरणमात्रकेवलेच्छोः
पुरुषपशोश्चपशोश्चको विशेषः॥४४॥
करटको ब्रूते। आवां तावदप्रधा**^(२)**नौ। **^(३)**तदाप्यावयोः किमनया विचारणया। दमनको ब्रूते। **^(४)**कियता कालेनामात्याः प्रधानतामप्रधानतां वा लभन्ते। यतः।
^(५)न कस्यचित्कश्चिदिह स्वभावा-
द्भवत्युदारोभिमतः खलो वा।
लोके गुरुत्वं विपरीतत वा
स्वचेष्टितान्येव नरं नयन्ति॥४५॥
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** १** What is the difference between the actual brute and a man-brute whose intellect is devoid of the power of discrimination between what is beneficial and what is not; who stands condemned, (judged) by the various rules of conduct in the Vedas and whose only desire is to fill his belly? अहितहितयोः (द्वंद्व) विचारेण, ( ष० त०), शून्या बुद्धिः यस्य ब०, श्रुतिसमयैः ष० त० उदरभरणमात्रे=(–भरणे एव ) केवला इच्छा यस्य ब०, पुरुषपशो**:** (कर्म.) पुरुषः पशुः इव. The second line is thus read elsewhere: श्रुतिविषयैर्बहुभिर्बहिष्कृतस्य, which means, shut out from or devoid of the knowledge of various subjects.**२ **Not ministers. न प्रधानौ न. त. ३ So then, what have we to do with this inquiry? ४ After what time do ministers attain to the position of importance or otherwise?Nobody in this world is naturally or originally (स्वभावात्) noble, worthy or wicked in any man’s estimation (कस्यचित्). A man’s own actions alone lead him in this world to a position of honour or its reverse. The verse is thus construed कस्यचित् कश्चित्स्वभावादुदारोऽभिमतः खलो वा न (भवति). अभिमतः favoured. विपरीतता abst, noun from विपरीत.
किं च।
^(१)आरोप्यते शिला शैले यत्नेन महता यथा।
निपात्यते क्षणेनाधस्तथात्मा गुणदोषयोः॥४६॥
^(२)यात्यधोधो व्रजत्युच्चैर्नरः स्वैरेव कर्मभिः।
कूपस्य खनिता यद्वत्याकारस्येव कारकः॥४७॥
तद्भद्र **^(३)स्वयत्नायत्तो ह्यात्मा सर्वस्य। करटको ब्रूते। अथ भवान्किं ब्रवीति। स आह। अयं तावत्स्वामी पिङ्गलकः कुतोपि कारणा^(४)त्सचकितः परिवृत्योपविष्टः। करटको ब्रूते। किं तत्त्वं जानसि। दमनको ब्रूते। किम^(५)**त्राविदितमस्ति। उक्तं च।
^(६)उदीरितोर्थः पशुनापि गृह्यते
हयाश्च नागाश्चवहन्ति देशिताः।
अनुक्तमप्यूहति पण्डितो जनः
परेङ्गितज्ञानफला हि बुद्धयः॥४८॥
^(७)आकारैरिङ्गितैर्गत्या चेष्ट्या भाषणेन च।
नेत्रवक्त्रविकारेण लक्ष्यन्तेन्तर्गतं मनः॥४९॥
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** १** Just as a stone is mounted upon a hill with great efforts and is hurled down in a moment; so is the soul of man elevated or thrown down: through merits and faults.आरोप्यतेPassive of the causal of रुह्. 1P. निपात्यते is also Passive of the causal of पत् 1 P. गुणदोषयोः—द्वंन्द्व२ A man goes lower and lower or higher and higher, only by his own actions, just like the digger of a well and the builder of a rampart or wall. ३ Depending on one’s own exertions or efforts. स्वयत्नेषु आयत्तः स. त. ४ Amazed or wonderstruck. ५ What is unknown or not known hore (to me )? ६ Sense expressed by words is understood (गृह्यते) even by a beast ; horses and elephants bear (burdens) when directed or guided by others ; a wise man comprehends a thought though not spoken out; talent has for its fruit.the knowledge of the secret thoughts of others (the use of brains lies in reading the hidden thoughts of others) उदीरित P. P. of ईर 10 with उद्. For देशिताः we have also चोदिताः which means—driven or urged on परस्य इंगितज्ञानं फलं यस्य. ब०. ७: The innerthoughts of others are known by outward appearances (आकारैः), by gestures, by movements, by words and by the changes of the eyes and the face. नेत्रवक्त्रविकारेण–नेत्रक्क्त्रयोः विकारः ष० त०.
अत्र भ**^(१)यप्रस्तावे प्रज्ञा^(२)बलेनाहमेनं स्वामिनमात्मीयं^(३)** करिष्यामि। यतः।
^(४)प्रस्तावदृशं वाक्यं सद्भावसदृशं प्रियम्।
आत्मशक्तिसमं को यो जानाति स पण्डितः॥५०॥
करटको ब्रूते।सखे त्वं सेवा**^(५)**नभिज्ञः। पश्य।
^(६)अनाहूतो विशेद्यस्तु अपृष्टोबहु भाषते।
आत्मानं मन्यते प्रीतं भूपालस्य स दुर्मतिः॥५१॥
दमनको ब्रूते। भद्र कथमहं सेवानभिज्ञः। पश्यः।
^(७)किमप्यस्ति स्वभावेनः सुन्दरं वाप्यसुन्दरम्।
यदेव रोचतेः यस्मै भवेत्तत्तस्यः सुन्दरम्॥५२॥
यतः।
^(८)यस्य यस्य हि यो भावस्तेन तेन हि तं नरम्।
अनुप्रविश्य मेधावी क्षिप्रमात्मवशं नयेत्॥५३॥
अन्यच्च।
^(९)कोत्रेत्यहमिति ब्रूयात्सम्यगादेशयेति च।
आज्ञामवितथां कुर्याद्यथाशक्ति महीपतेः॥५४॥
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** १** On this occasion of his fright. २ By the power of (my) talents. ३ Shall make mine, that is, shall win him over to my side. ४He is clever who knows how to utter words suitable to the occasion, who shows kindness according to the worth of the object and whose anger is in proportion to his strength. प्रस्तावसदृश ष० त० आत्मशक्तिसमं तृ० त० ५ Not knowing how to serve, not conversant with the ways of service. ६ Hewho enters (the king’s presence) without invitation or without being called, who talks much without being asked and who thinks that he is a favourite of the king is a fool. अनाहूत, न त so also अपृष्टः ७ Is there anything that is beautiful or ugly by nature ? That which one likes is alone beautiful to him. असुंदरं नः त. ८ By having entered into that idea or feeling which is entertained by a man, an intelligent person should win him over to his side .quickly. Understand तं after नयेत् ९ One should answer “here I am” to the question “who is there”?and say, please “command” and execute the king’s order to the best of one’s ability. Understand after आदेशय ब्रूयात्अवितथां not fruitless, that is, fruitful. यथाशक्ति (अभ्यः०) शक्तिमनतिक्रम्य.
अपरं च।
^(१)अल्पेच्छुर्धृतिमान्प्राज्ञश्छायेवानुगतः सदा।
आदिष्टो न विकल्पेत सराजवसतौ वसेत्॥५५॥
करटको ब्रूते। कदाचित्त्वामनवसरप्रवेशा**^(२)दवमन्य^(३)ते स्वामी। स चाह। अ^(४)**स्त्वेम्। **^(५)**तथाप्यनुजीविना स्वामिसान्निध्यमवश्यं करणीयम्। यतः।
^(६)दोषभीतेरनारम्भस्तत्कापुरुषलक्षणम्।
कैरजीर्णभयाद्भ्रातर्भोजनं परिहीयते॥५६ ॥
पश्य।
^(७)आसन्नमेव नृपतिर्भजते मनुष्यं
विद्याविहीनमकुलीनमसंगतं वा।
प्रायेण भूमिपतयः प्रमदा लताश्च
यःपार्श्वतो वसति तं परिवेष्टयन्ति॥५७॥
करटको ब्रूते। अथ तत्र गत्वा किं वक्ष्यति भवान्। स आह। शृणु। **^(८)**किमनुरक्तो विरक्तो वा मयि स्वामीति ज्ञास्यामि। करटको ब्रूते। किं तज्ज्ञानलक्षणम्। दमनको ब्रूते। शृणु।
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** १** That man, who is moderate in his wishes, bold and wise and who always follows his master like his shadow and who will not hesitate ( विकल्पेत ) when ordered to do a thing, will dwell (i. e. is fit to dwell) in the palace of a king. अल्पेच्छुः अल्पं इच्छति इति. २ On account of your entrance (into his presence) at an inopportune time. ३ Will disrespect. ४ Be it as you say. ५ Still & servant ought, by all means, to be by the side of his lord. ६ Not undertaking anything through the fear of failure or an undesirable result is the sign of a mean fellow or dastard. By whom, oh brother, is food given up through the fear of indigestion ? ७ A king favours that man who is near him, be he either illiterate, low-born or unfit to associate with (असंगतम्); generally, kings, young women, and creepers surround ( embrace ) him who is by their side. विद्याविहीनं, तृ. त.८ I shall ascertain whether our lord is favourably inclined or otherwise towards me.९ What is the sign to know that ?
^(१)दूरादवेक्षणं हासः संप्रश्नेष्वादरो भृशम्।
परोक्षेपि गुणश्लाघा स्मरणं प्रियवस्तुषु॥५८॥
असेवके चानुरक्तिर्दानं सप्रियभाषणम्।
अनुरक्तस्य चिह्नानि दोषेपि गुणसंग्रहः॥५९॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)कालयापनमाशानां वर्धनं फलखण्डनम्।
विरक्तेश्वरचिह्नानि जानीयान्मतिमान्नरः॥६०॥
एतज्ज्ञात्वा यथा चायं **^(३)**ममायत्तो भविष्यति तथा करिष्यामि। यतः।
^(४)अपायसंदर्शनजां विपत्ति-
मुपायसंदर्शनजां च सिद्धिम्।
मेधाविनो नीतिविधिप्रयुक्तां
पुरः स्फुरन्तीमिव दर्शयन्ति ॥६१॥
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** १**Regarding even from a distance, smiling, great sympathy or earnestness in making inquiries, praising one’s merits even in one’s absence, remembering one amongst favourite things, attachment to one even when one is not rendering. any service, donation accompanied with sweet words and taking into consideration only the merits even when there are faults—these are the signs of one’s master being affectionate to one. गुणश्लाघा ष. त., प्रियवस्तुषु कर्म, सप्रियभाषणम्–प्रियभाषणेन सहितं ब०, गुणसंग्रहः ष. त. २ A shrewd man should know that tardiness (in recognizing his services) fostering or feeding hopes, but disappointing him in the end, (these) are the signs of his master being cold to him. कालयापनं, ष. त. यापनं is a noun derived from the caus. of या 2 P. फलखंडनष. त., विरक्तेश्वरस्य (कर्म) चिह्नानि ष. त. ३ Under my control. or power.४ Talented persons show very vividly how misery arises from the use of evil means and success from the employment of sound remedies conformably to the established maxims of right conduct. अपायसंदर्शनजां and. उपायसंदर्शनजां are पं० त० compounds. नीतिविधिप्रयुक्तां (तृ० त०) नीतेः विधिना प्रयुक्ताम् स्फुरंति lit. Shining.
करटको ब्रूते। तथाप्यप्राप्ते प्र**^(१)**स्तावे न वक्तुमर्हसि। यतः।
^(२)अप्राप्तकालवचनंबृहस्पतिरपि व्रुवन्।
प्राप्नुयाद्बुद्ध्यवज्ञानमपमानं च शाश्वतम्॥६२॥
दमनको ब्रूते। मित्रमा**^(३)** भैषीः। नाहमप्राप्ता**^(४)**वसरं वचनं वदिष्यामि। यतः। '
^(५)आपद्युन्मार्गगमने कार्यकालात्ययेषु च।
अपृष्टेनापि वक्तव्यमृत्येन हितमिच्छतां॥६५॥
यदि च प्राप्ता**^(६)वसरेणापि मया मन्त्रो न वक्तव्यस्तदा मन्त्रित्वमेव^(७)** ममानुपपन्नम्। यतः।
^(८)कल्पयति येनवृत्ति येन च लोके प्रशस्यते सद्भिः।
स गुणस्तेन च गुणिना रक्ष्यः संवर्धनीयश्च॥६४॥
तद्भव अनुजानीहि मम। गच्छामि। करटको ब्रूते। शुभमस्तु।
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** १**Opportunity, fitting occasion.२Even Brihaspati (the model of wisdom) sayinganything for whichthere isnooccasion, will be despised as one wanting in judgment;and meet with perttiandnt disrespect. अप्राप्तकालवचनं- अप्राप्तः कालः यस्य’ ब,’ बुद्ध्यावज्ञानंष० त० ३ मा भैषीः—( Is 2ndPers.singular of the prohibitive tense formed from the Aorist अभैषी। by dropping the अ and prefixing मा.) Don’t fear, or be afraid, ४ अप्राप्तवसरं Vide अप्राप्तकालः above. ५ A servant wishing his master’s welfare should speak out his mind, even though unasked, whena calamity is imminent, when the master is likely to ‘go astray, and when the time’ for action is passing away. कार्यकालात्यये ( ष. त. ) कार्यस्य कालस्य अत्ययेः अत्यय from इ 1 P. with अति. ६. Even on finding an opportunity’( for offering advice), ७ Then ministership does not become me, that is, then I am not fit to be a minister. ८Thepossessor of any rare quality ( गुणिना ) should preserve and promote that quality if by its means he gots his livelihood and is praised by the good in this. world. कल्पयति oausal of कल्प्’ 1 A.
शिवास्ते**^(१)पन्थानः। यथाभि^(२)लषितमनुष्ठीयताम्इति। ततो दमनको विस्मित^(३)** इव पिङ्गलकसमीपं गतः।
अथ दूरादेव सादरं राज्ञा प्रवेशितः साष्टाङ्गप्रणिपा**^(४)तं प्रणिपत्योपविष्टः। राजाह। चिरा^(५)द्दृष्टोसि। दमनको ब्रूते। य^(६)द्यपि मया सेवकेन श्रीमद्देवपादानां न किंचित्प्रयोजनमस्ति तथापि। प्रा^(७)प्तकालमनुजीविना संनि^(८)ध्यमवश्यं कर्तव्यमि^(९)**त्यागतोस्मि।
किं च।**
**
^( १०)दन्तस्य निर्घर्षणकेन राज-
न्कर्णस्यः कण्डूयनकेन वापिः।
तृणेन कार्यं भवतीश्वराणां
किमङ्गाः वाक्पाणिमता नरेण॥६५॥
**^( ११)**यद्यपि चिरेणावधीरितस्य देवपादैर्मै बुद्धिनाशाः शङ्क्यते तदपि न शङ्कनीयम्। यतः।
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** १** May you fare well on the journey, may you prosper in the business undertaken by you. २ Just as desired by you. ३ Like one astonished or struck with wonder. ४ For an explanation of this expression vide साष्टांगपात Book I Story 8.४ You are seen after a long time, I see you after a long time. ६ Although your prosperous majesty (श्रीमहद्देवपादानां ) has nothing whatever to do with me, a servant.७ It is an adverbial compound and is thus dissolved प्राप्तः कालः यस्य तत् (सान्निध्यं ). ८ Should be always near or at hand, ९ इति=इति हेतो**:** For this reason, with this object in view. १० The purpose ( कार्यं) of the rich, oh king, is served (भवति) even by the blade of grass used either as a tooth-pick or earscratcher; how much more so will it be by a man endowed with speech and hands. किमङ्गlike किमुत् means, how much more or how much less, according to the context. ११ Eveng if you suspect that I have lost my talents, being long out of office, that too should not be the case.
^(१)कदर्थितस्यापि च धैर्यवृत्ते-
र्बुद्धेर्विनाशो नहि शङ्कनीयः।
अधः कृतस्यापि तनूनपातो
नाधः शिखा याति कदाचिदेव॥६६॥
देव तत्सर्वथा विशे**^(२)**षज्ञेन स्वामिना भवितव्यम्। यतः।
^(३)मणिर्लुठति पादेषु काचः शिरसि धार्यते।
यथैवास्ते तथैवास्तां काचः काचो मणिर्मणिः॥६७॥
अन्यश्च।
^(४)निर्विशेषो यदा राजा समं सर्वेषु वर्तते।
तदोद्यमसमर्थानामुत्साहः परिहीयते॥६८॥
किं च।
^(५)त्रिविधाः पुरुषा राजन्नुत्तमाधममध्यमाः।
नियोजयेत्तथैवैतांस्त्रिविधेष्वेव कर्मसु॥६९॥
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** १** In the case of a man possessed of self-command, loss of wits should never be suspected even though he may have. been neglected. The flame of fire though turned downwards, will never go down कदर्थित from अर्थित P. P. of अर्थ् 10 and कद्in the sense bad. धैर्यवृत्तेः (व.) धैर्यं वृत्तिः यस्य तनूनपात् from तनुthe body and नपात् son. २ Knowing the difference between good and evil and hence, discriminating. ३ A gem rolls at the feet and a bead of glass is worn on the head. Let each remain where it is placed, still glass will be glass and a gem will be a gem. That is, they will not lose their natural qualities. The 2nd line यथैवास्ते &cis differently read as क्रयविक्रयवेलायां काचः काचो मणिर्मणिः at the time of buying and selling &c**.४** When a king acts towards all (servants) without any distinction, the energy of those who are capable of industry is damped. निर्विशेषः (ब०) नास्ति विशेषः यस्य. also निर्विशेष is an adverb. उद्यमसमर्थानां ( च० त० ) उद्यमाय समर्थानाम्परिहीयते Passive of हा 3 P. with परि. also परिहन्यते. ५ Of three grades, oh king, are men in this world, viz., the best, the worst and the middling; one should, therefore, employ them in three different capacities (the best, the worst and the middling). त्रिविधाः (ब०) तिस्रः विधाः येषां उत्तमाधममध्यमाः द्वंद्व.
यतः।
^(१)स्थान एव नियोज्यन्ते भृत्याश्चाभरणानि च।
न हि चूडामणिः पादे नूपुरं शिरसा कृतम्॥७०॥
अपि च।
^(२)कनकभूषणसंग्रहणोचितो
यदि मणिस्त्रपुणि प्रणिधीयते।
न स विरौति न चापि न शोभते
भवति योजयितुर्वचनीयता॥७१॥
अन्यश्च।
^(३)मुकुटे रोपितः काचश्चरणाभरणे मणिः।
न हि दोषो मणेरस्ति किंतु साधोरविज्ञता॥७२॥
पश्य।
^(४)बुद्धिमाननुरक्तोयमयं शूर इतो भयम्।
इति भृत्यविचारज्ञो भृत्यैरापूर्यते नृपः॥७३॥
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** १** Servants and ornaments are (to be) placed in their proper position; the crest-jewel is not put on the feet nor an anklet, on the head. चूडामणिः (ष. त.) चूडायाः मणिः. The words नूपुरो न च मूर्धनि having the same sense are found used for नूपुरं शिरसा कृतम् २ If a jewel, which is fit to be set in a gold ornament, is placed in tin, it neither cries nor fails to shine there. The blame (of puting things in improper places) rests with the setter or the person who sets. कनकभूषण (ष. त.) स्य संग्रहणाय उचितः (च. त.) प्रणिधीयते Passive Pre. of धा with प्र and नि 3 P. and A. न चापि हि शोभते is found used for न चापि न शोभते. The reading न चापि स शोभते gives better sense. ३ If a glass bead is placed on the diadem and a jewel is set in a foot–ornament, that is no discredit to the jewel but means the ignorance or folly of the person who sets them. साधो lit. of the good. ४ A king who knows how to think about his servants, viz., “this is clever and attached, “this is brave, there is danger from this &c.” is surrounded by servants or has many servants to wait upon him. भृत्यविचारज्ञः– भृत्यविचारं जानातीति उपपद. The first line is also road as इहोभयगुणो जनः here is a man who has both the qualities.
**^(१)**तथा हि।
^(२)अश्वः शस्त्रं शास्त्रं वीणा वाणी नरश्चनारी च।
पुरुषविशेषं प्राप्य हि भवन्ति योग्या अयोग्याश्च॥७४॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)किं भक्तेनासमर्थेन किं शक्तेनापकारिणा।
भक्तं शक्तं च मां राजन्नावज्ञातुं त्वमर्हसि॥७५॥
यत।
^(४)अवज्ञानाद्राज्ञो भवति मतिहीनः परिजनः
ततस्तत्प्रामाण्याद्भवति न समीपे बुधजनः।
बुधैस्त्यक्ते राज्ये नहि भवति नीतिर्गुणवती
विपन्नायां नीतौ सकलमवशं सीदति जगत्॥७६॥
अपरं च।
^(५)जनं जनपदा नित्यमर्चयन्ति नृपार्चितम्।
नृपेणावमतो यस्तु स सर्वैरवमन्यते॥७७॥
किं च।
^(६)बालादपि ग्रहीतव्यं युक्तमुक्तं मनीषिभिः।
रवेरविषये किं न प्रदीपस्य प्रकाशनम्॥७८॥
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** १** For example. २ A horse, a weapon, a science, a lute, a speech, a man and a woman become fit or unfit according as they come in contact with a worthy or unworthy person. ३ What is the good of a servant who, though devoted is weak and what is the use of him who is able but obnoxious? Oh king, you should not, therefore, despise me who am, both devoted and able. ४ Through the king’s disrespect, the servants become void of talent and, taking that, as an evidence, no wise man goes near him; when the kingdom is abandoned by wise men, no good policy prevails there, and when there is a failure of policy, the whole world helplessly suffers misery. मतिहीनः तृ० त०, तत्प्राधान्यात् through the ascendancy of foolish persons. बुधैस्त्यक्ते राज्ये is a Locative absolute. ५ People always honour that maṇ whom the king honours; but he who is disrespected by the king is disrespected by all, नृपार्चित तृ० त०. ६ Wise men should accept what is well said even by a child; does not the lamp shed its lustre when the sun has set? With the idea in the first line, compare बालादपि सुभाषितं ग्राह्यम्, अविषये (न. त० ) lit. When it is not the province of the sun, that is, in his absence. The reading of line 2nd elsewhere is रवेरप्युदये &c. which means does not the lamp shine even when the sun has risen?’ This is decidedly better than that in the text.
पिङ्गलकोवदत्। भद्र दमनक किमेतत्। त्वमस्मदीयप्रधा**^(१)नामात्यपुत्र इयन्तं कालं यावत्कुतोपि ^(२)खलवाक्यान्नागतोसि। इदानीं यथाभिमतं ब्रूहि। दमनको ब्रूते। देव पृच्छामि किंचित्। उच्यताम्। उदकार्थी स्वामी पानीयमपीत्वा^(३) किमिति विस्मित इव तिष्ठति। पिङ्गलकोवदत्। भद्र^(४)मुक्तं त्वया। किंत्वेतद्रह^(५)स्यं वक्तुं काचिद्विश्वा^(६)सभूमिर्नास्ति। तथापि निभृतं^(७)** कृत्वा कथयामि। शृणु। संप्रति वनमिदमपूर्व**^(८)सत्वाधिष्ठितमतोस्माकं त्या^(९)**ज्यम्। अनेन हेतुना विस्मितोस्मि। तथा च श्रुतो मयापि **^(१०)**महानपूर्वशब्दः। **^(११)**शब्दानुरूपेणास्य प्राणिनो महता बलेन भवितव्यम्। दमनको ब्रूते। देव **^(१२)अस्ति तावदयं महान्भयहेतुः। स शब्दोस्माभिरप्याकर्णि^(१३)तः। किंतु स किम^(१४)न्त्री यः प्रथमं भूमित्यागं पश्चाद्युद्धंचोपदिशति। अस्मिन्का^(१५)**र्यसंदेहे भृत्यानामुपयोग एवः ज्ञातव्यः।
यतः।
^(१६)बन्धुस्त्रीभृत्यवर्गस्य बुद्धेः सत्त्वस्य चात्मनः।
आपन्निकषपाषाणे नरो जानाति सारताम्॥७९॥
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** १** The son of our chief or prime minister. २ Through the evil counsel of some wicked person. ३ Without drinking water. ४Well said. ५ Secret. ६ There is no person to whom it can be confided विश्वासभूमि. lit the place of confidence and hence a trustworthy person.७ Considering it as a secret. ८ Inhabited by some unheard of or extraordinary creature. अपूर्वसत्वेन अधिष्ठितम् तृ० त०.९ It should, on that account, be left off by us. १० Some strange sound. ११ This creature must indeed possess great strength corresponding to his voice, that is, as the voice is great. the strength should also be great. ?? १२ This is indeed a great cause for fear. १३ P. P. of कर्ण् 10 with आ to hear. १४ A bad or evil counsellor. १५ In this great doubt as to what course should be followed. कार्यसंदेहे ष० त०. १६ A man knows (tests) the real strength of his relatives, wife and servants, as also of his own talent and stuff on the touchstone of adversity. That is, when a man is overtaken by adversity he can test the use or strength of any of these and not otherwise. बंधु… वर्गस्य ( ष० त०) बंधुश्च स्त्री च भूत्यश्च बंधु- स्त्री भृत्याः and तेषां वर्गस्य बंधुस्त्रीभूत्यवर्गस्य. आपद् एव निकशपाशाणः (कर्म०) तस्मिन्.
सिंहो ब्रूते। भद्र महती **^(१)शङ्का मां बाधते। दमनकः पुनराह स्व^(२)**गतम्। **^(३)अन्यथा राज्यसुखं परित्यज्य स्थानान्तरं गन्तुं कथं मां संभाषसे। प्र^(४)काशं ब्रूते। देव यावदहं जीवामि तावद्भयं न कर्तव्यम्। किंतु करटकादयोप्य^(५)श्वस्यन्तां यस्मादापत्प्रतीका^(६)**रकाले दुर्लभः पुरुषस^(७)मवायः।
ततस्तौ दमनककरटकौ राज्ञा सर्वस्वेना ^(८)पूजितौ भयप्रतीकारं^(९) प्रतिज्ञाय चलितौ। करटको गच्छन्दमनकमाह। सखे किं शक्यप्रतीका**^(१०)रो भयहेतुरशक्यप्रतीकारो वेति न ज्ञात्वा भयोप^(११)शमं प्रतिज्ञाय कथमयं महाप्रसादो गृहीतः। यतोनुप^(१२)**कुर्वाणो न **^(१३)**कस्याप्युपायनं गृह्णीयाद्विशेषतो राज्ञः। पश्य।
^(१४)यस्य प्रसादे पद्मास्ते त्रिजयश्च पराक्रमे।
मृत्युश्च वसति क्रोधे सर्वतेजोमयो हि सः॥८०॥
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** १** Suspicion, fear. २ Aside (to himself). It is a stage direction. ३ How otherwise, would you speak to me of removing to another place, leaving off these royal plea- sures? ४ Aloud ( so as to be heard by him, the lion) as oppopsed to स्वगतम्. ५ Be comforted ( by being resorted to their former places).७ At the time of encountering or romoving & difficulty. ६ Collection, multitude. पुरुषाणां समवायः ष० त०. ८ Honoured by the king with everything he could bestow on them as ministers. ९ Having promised to remove the cause of fear. १०. That of which the removal or remedy is possible. शक्यः प्रतीकारः यस्य. ब०. ११ The allaying of fear. १२ He who confers no obligation or does no good, अन् not and उपकुर्वाणः Pre. Participle of कृ 8 A with उप. १३ Present, reward. १४ A king is one in whose favour there is wealth, in whose valour there is victory, and in whose anger there is death ; for he is full of all lustre. This means that these different things are to be seen in the different feelings of the king. सर्वतेजोमयः–सर्वतेजसा युक्तः.
तथा हि।
^(१)बालोपि नावमन्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः।
महती देवता ह्येषा नररूपेण तिष्ठति॥८१॥
दमनको विहस्याह। मित्र तूष्णी**^(२)**मास्यताम्। ज्ञातं मया भयकारणम्। **^(३)**बलीवर्दनर्दितं तत्। **^(४)**वृषभाश्चास्माकमपि भक्ष्याः। किं पुनः सिंहस्य। करटको ब्रूते। यद्येवं तदा किं **^(५)पुनः स्वामित्रा^(६)स्तत्रैव किमिति नापनीतः। दमनको ब्रूते। यदि स्वामित्रासस्तत्रै^(७)**वमुच्यते **^(८)**तदा कथमयं महाप्रसादलाभः स्यात्। अपरं च।
^(९)निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यो भृत्यैः स्वामी कदाचन।
निरपेक्षं प्रभुं कृत्वा भृत्यः स्याद्दधिकर्णवत्॥८२॥
करटकः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। दमनकः कथयति।
॥कथा ३॥
अस्त्युत्तरा**^(१०)पथेर्बुदशि^(११)**खरनाम्नि पर्वते **^(१२)**दुर्दान्तोनाम **^(१३)**महाविक्रमः
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** १** A king, though only a child, should not be despised because he is a mortal. For he (a king) is a great deity in the shape of a human being. मनुष्य इति = मनुष्यः इति मत्वा भूमिपः ( उपपद ) भूमिं पालयतीति. नृरूपेण ष. त. २ Be quiet, be silent. ३ A bull. ४ Bulls are devoured even by us (jackals), thon how much more so by the lion ? ५ किं पुनः=किम् किमर्थम् why or wherefore. ६ त्रासः fear, fright.७ If you say why the fright of the master &c. The reading स्वामित्रासापनयार्थ तत्रैवमुच्यते means if in order to romove thefear of the lord, and gives better sense than the words in the toxt. ८ तदा = तर्हि then. ९ Servants should never place their lord above a further need (for their services); having placed him above such need, a servant will be in the same condition as was ( the cat ) दधिकर्ण in the following story. निरपेक्षः (ब.)निर्गतःअपेक्षा यस्मात्. १० In the northern region. ११ अर्बुद is the name of mount Abu. १२ Untamable; insolent, १३ of gread prowess. महान् विक्रमः यस्य. ब.
सिंहः। तस्य पर्वतक**^(१)न्दरमधिशयानस्य के^(२)**सरायं कश्चिन्मूषिकः प्रत्यहं छिनत्ति। ततः केसराग्रं **^(३)लूनं दृष्ट्वा कुपितो विवरान्तर्गतं मूषिकमलभ^(४)**मानोचिन्तयत्।
^(५)क्षुद्रशत्रुर्भवेद्यस्तु विक्रमान्नैव लभ्यते।
तमाहन्तुं पुरस्कार्यः सदृशस्तस्य सैनिकः॥८३॥
इत्यालोच्य तेन ग्रामं गत्वा विश्वासं **^(६)**कृत्वा दधिकर्णनामा बिडालो यत्नेनानीय मांसाहारं दत्त्वा स्वकन्दरे स्थापितः। अनन्तरं **^(७)तद्भयान्मूषिकोपि बिलान्न निःस^(८)रति। तेनासौ सिंहोक्षतकेस^(९)रः सुखं स्वपिति। मूषिकशब्दंयदा यदा शृणोति तदा तदा मांसाहारदानेन तं बिडाल सं^(१०)**वर्धयति।
अथैकदामूषिकः क्षुधापीडितो बहिः **^(११)**संचरन्बिडालेन प्राप्तो व्यापादितश्च। अनन्तरं स सिंहनेककालं **^(१२)यावन्मूषिकं न पश्यति तत्कृतरावमपि न शृणोति तदा तस्या^(१४)नुपयोगाद्बिडालस्याप्याहारदाने मन्दा^(१५)दरो बभूव। ततोसावाहा^(१६)रविरहाद्दुर्बलो दधिकर्णोवस^(१७)**न्नो
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** १** A cave, a hollow. Here अधिशयानस्य governs the accusative of the place according to the rule.—The root शी when preceded by अधि governs the accusative, e.g. वैकुंठं अधिशेते हरिः. २ केसर The mane of the lion ३ ut. P. P. of लू 9 P. ४ Not being able to seize (it). ५ He who is an insignificant enemy can never be overcome by valour, a soldier adequate to (deal with) him should be put forward to kill him or conquer him. क्षुद्रशत्रुः कर्म. लभ्यते lit. Obtained, won, overcome. ६ Having inspired or created confidence ( in himself ). ७ Through the fear caused by his presence: ८ Issues or goes out. ९ He whose mane was not cut. न. क्षतं केसरं यस्य (ब.). १० Feeds, fattens. ११ Moving out (of his hole). १२ For a long time. १३ Noise, sound. १४ On account. of there being no use of him any longer. १५ Less earnest or careful, negligent. मंदः आदरः यस्य व. १६ Through the absence of food. ष. त. १७ Weak, feeble.
बभूव।अतोहं ब्रवीमि। निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यः इत्यादि। ततो दमनकरटकौ संजीवकसमीपं गतौ। तत्र करटकस्तरुतले साटोप**^(१)**मुपविष्टः।
दमनकः संजीवकसमीपं गत्वाब्रवीत्। अरे वृषभ।**^(२)एषोहं राज्ञा पिङ्गलकेनारण्यरक्षार्थं नियुक्तः। सेनापतिः करटकः समाज्ञापयति। सत्वरमागच्छ। न चेद^(३)स्मदरण्याद्दूरमपसर।^(४)अन्यथा ते विरुद्धं फलं भविष्यति। न जाने क्रुद्धः स्वामी किं विधास्यति।ततो देशव्यवहारा^(५)**नभिज्ञः संजीवकः सभयमुपसृत्य साष्टाङ्गपातं करटकं प्रणतवान्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(६)मतिरेव बलाद्गरीयसी यदभावे करिणामियं दशा।
इति घोषयतीव डिण्डिमः करिणो हस्तिपकाहतः क्वणन्॥८४॥
अथ संजीवकः साश**^(७)**ङ्कमाह। सेनापते किं मया कर्तव्यम्। तदभिधीयताम्। करटको ब्रूते। वृषभ अत्र **^(८)कानने तिष्ठसि।^(९)अस्मद्देवपादारविन्दं प्रणम। संजीवको ब्रूते। तदुभय^(१०)वाचंमे यच्छ। गच्छामि। करटको ब्रूते। शृणु रे बलीवर्दअलमन^(११)**या शङ्कया। यतः।
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** १** Proudly, majestically. २ Here am I. ३ If not. ४ Otherwise (if not) the result will go against you. ५ Not knowing, ignorant. ६ “ Talent is certainly superior to strength, for the absence of which (talent) elephants are reduced to such a dependent condition—” thus proclaims to the world, as it were, the drum beaten on the back of the elephant by the driver. गरीयसी comparative of गुरु f. यदभावे यस्याः (मतेः) अभावे ष० त० हस्तिप (हस्तिपक) an elephant-driver. हस्तिपकाहत (तृ० त०), हस्तिपकेन आहतः ७ With fear, fearfully ८ अत्रकानने=अस्मिन् कानने. The reading यद्यत्र कानने स्थातुमिच्छावर्तते is better than that in thetext. ९ The lotus-like feet of our majesty. अस्मद्देव (ष० त०) पादौ एव अरविंद. १० Thepromise of safety. अभयस्य वाचं ष० त०. ११ Do not entertain such a doubt, enough of such doubt.अलं followed by a noun in the instrumental case or by the absolutive or infinitive of purpose has this sense of " enough of “ &c. e.g. अलं गमनेन or गत्वा or गंतु Don’t go.
^(१)प्रतिवाचमदत्त केशवः शपमानाय न चेदिभूभुजे।
अनुहुंकरुते घनध्वनिं न हि गोमायुरुतानि केसरी॥८५॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)तृणानि नोन्मूलयति प्रभञ्जनो
मृदूनि नीचैः प्रणतानि सर्वतः।
समुच्छ्रितानेव तरून्प्रबाधते
महान्महत्येव करोति विक्रमम्॥८६॥
ततस्तौ संजीवकं कियद्दूरे संस्थाप्य पिङ्गलकसमीपं गतौ।
ततो राज्ञा सादर**^(३)**मवलोकितौ प्रणम्योपविष्टौ। राजाह। त्वया स दृष्टः। : दमनको ब्रूते। देव दृष्टः। **^(४)**किंतु यद्देवेन ज्ञातं तत्तथा। **^(५)महानेवासौ देवं द्रष्टुमिच्छति। किंतु महाब^(६)**लोसौ ततः **^(७)**सज्जीभूयोपविश्य दृश्यताम्। **^(८)**शब्दमात्रादेव न भेतव्यम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(९)शब्दमात्रान्न भेतव्यमज्ञात्वा शब्दकारणम्।
शब्दहेतुं परिज्ञाय कुदृनी गौरवं गता॥८७॥
राजाह। कथमेतत्। दमनकः कथयति।
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१ Keshava gave no reply to the king of Chedi who was abusing him (Keshava); the lion roars in reply to the thunder of a cloud and not to the howlings of a jackal. प्रतिवाचं = प्रत्युत्तरम्. चेदिभूभुजे ष. त; अनुहुंकृ from अनु and हुकृ 8 P. and A. to roar in return घनध्वनिं ष. त. गोमायुरुतानि ष. त. २ A strong wind does not up-root grass which is soft and bends low completely, but destroys tall trees only. A great man shows his valour only to the great. प्रभंजन strong or violent wind, नीचैः adv. ३ Looked at respectfully. ४ It is exactly as your Majesty knew it to be.५ He is indeed great ! ६ महाबलः—महत् बलं यस्य ब. Of great strength. ७ Being ready or prepared. ८ By the mere word or roar. ९Without knowing the cause of the sound, one should not be afraid of it. By ascertaining the cause of the sound, a female bawd attained a position of distinction.
॥कथा ४॥
अस्ति श्री**^(१)पर्वतमध्ये ब्र^(२)ह्मपुराख्यं नगरम्। तच्छि^(३)खरप्रदेशे घण्टाकर्णो नाम राक्षसः प्रतिवसतीति ज^(४)नप्रवादः श्रूयते। एकदा घण्टामादाय पलाय^(५)**मानः कश्चिच्चौरो व्याघ्रेण **^(६)व्यापादितः। तत्पा^(७)णिपतिताघण्टा वानरैः प्राप्ता। वानरास्तां घण्टामनु^(८)क्षणं वा^(९)दयन्ति। ततोनगरजनैः स मनुष्यः खादितो दृष्टः पतिक्षणं घण्टारवश्च^(१०)श्रूयते। अनन्तरं घण्टाकर्णः कुपितो मनुष्यान्खादति घण्टां च वादयतीत्युक्त्वा सर्वे जना नगरात्पलायिताः। ततः करालया नाम कुट्टन्या विमृश्या^(११)नवसरोयं^(१२)घण्टावादः। ^(१३)तकिं मर्कटा घण्टां वादयन्तीति स्वयं विज्ञाय राजा वि^(१४)ज्ञापित:। देव यदि कियद्धनोप^(१५)क्षयः क्रियते तदाहमेनं घण्टाकर्णं सा^(१६)**धयामि। ततो राज्ञा तस्यै धनं दत्तम्।कुट्टन्या च **^(१७)मण्डलं कृत्वा तत्र गणेशादिपूजागौ^(१८)**रवं दर्शयित्वा स्वयं
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** १** The name of a mountain २ ब्रह्मपुरं आख्या यस्य ब० Named or of the name of Brahmapura. ३On the summit portion. ४ Rumour, report. ५ Running away. Pre. Part. of the root पलाय्, from अय् 1 A. and परा changed to पला. ६ व्यापादिता**:** ( P. P. of the causal of पद् 4 A with व्या) Killed. ७Fallen or dropped down from his ( thief’s ) hands तत्राणि . (ष० त०) and तस्मात्पतितः पं० त०८ Every moment. ९ Sounded or rang. Causal of वद् 1 P. १० Here one would expect श्रुत. or अश्रूयत, to correspond with दृष्टः according to the rules of Syntax. ११ Having considered. १२ This sound of bells is inopportune or out of time. अनवसरः ( ब० ) नास्ति अवसरः यस्यः Here add उक्तं or निश्चितं. १३ Having personally solved the doubt that had arisen in her mind, viz., तत्किं वानराः घंटां वादयंती, can it be the monkeys that sound the bell ? and ascertained that it was so. १४ Was requested, appealed to. P. P. of thecausal of ज्ञा with वि ! P. and A. १५ If some · little money is spent कियतः धनस्य उपक्षयः ष० त० १६ To conquer, to kill or destroy साधयामि causal of साध् 5 P. १७ A kind of mystical diagram used in summoning a deity. १८ Importance or gravity.
वानरप्रिय**^(१)फलान्यादाय वनं प्रविश्य फलान्याकी^(२)र्णानि। ततो घण्टां परित्यज्य वानराः फला^(३)सक्ता बभूवुः। कुट्टनी च घण्टां गृहीत्वा नगरमागता सर्वजन^(४)पूज्याभवत्। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। शब्दमात्रान्न भेतव्यम् इत्यादि। ततः संजीवक आनीय दर्शनं का^(५)**रितः। पश्चात्तत्रैव **^(६)**परमप्रीत्या निवसति।
अथ कदाचित्तस्य सिंहस्य भ्राता स्तब्ध**^(७)**कर्णनामा सिंहः समागतः। तस्यातिथ्यं **^(८)**कृत्वा **^(९)समुपवेश्य पिङ्गलकस्तदाहा^(१०)राय पशुं हन्तुं चलितः। अ^(११)त्रान्तरे संजीवको वदति। देव अद्यहतमृगाणां मांसानि क्व। राजाह। दमनककरटकौ जानीतः। संजीवको ब्रूते। ज्ञायतां किमस्ति नास्ति वा। सिंहो विमृ^(१२)श्याह। नास्त्ये^(१३)व तत्। संजीवको ब्रूते। कथमेताव^(१४)न्मांसं ताभ्यां खादितम्। राजाह। खादितं व्ययि^(१५)तम^(१६)**वधीरितं च। **^(१७)**प्रत्यहमेष क्रमः। संजीवको ब्रूते। **^(१८)**कथं श्रीमद्देवपादाना-
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** १** Pleasing to, or liked by the monkeys वानराणां प्रियाणि=वानरप्रियाणि ष. त. २ P. P. of कॄ with आ 6 P. Spread or scattered. ३ फलासक्ताः सः त. फलेषु आसक्ताः Attached to the fruits. ४ Fit to be honoured by all people सर्वजनैः पूज्या. तृ. त.५ Was made to see or introduced to tho lion कारितः Nom. Sing. Masc. of the P. P. of the causal of कृ 8 P. and A. ६ In great friendship. ७ Named Stabdhakarna, that is, stiffeared or prick-eared. ८ Having done him hospitality or having received him hospitably. ९ Having seated him or given him a seat Causal of विश् with सम् and उप. १० For his food तस्य आहाराय ष. त. ११ In the meantime, that is, just when he was about to set out. १२Having considered or thought. १३ There it is certainly not. १४ How is so much flesh eaten by them (two)? १५ Expended, wasted. १६ Despised, disregarded. १७ This is the daily course (followed by them ). १८ How do they do so without your Majesty’s knowledge? श्रीमद्देवपाद Your Majesty, lit. the feet of your prosperous majesty.
मगोचरेणैव क्रियते। राजाह। मदीयागोचरेणैव क्रियते। अथ संजीवको ब्रूते। नैतदुचित**^(१)**म्। .
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(२)नानिवेद्य प्रकुर्वीत भर्तुः किंचिदपि स्वयम्।
कार्यमापत्प्रतीकारादन्यत्र जगतीपते॥८८॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)कमण्डलूपमोमात्यस्तनुत्यागो बहुग्रहः।
नृपते किंक्षणोमूर्खो दरिद्रः किंवराटकः॥८९॥
^(४)स ह्यमात्यः सदा श्रेयान्काकिनीं यः प्रवर्धयेत्।
कोशः कोशवतः प्राणाः प्राणाः प्राणा न भूपतेः॥९०॥
^(५)किं चान्यैर्न कुलाचारैः सेव्यतामेति पूरुषः।
धनहीनः स्वपत्न्यापि त्यज्यते किं परैः पुनः॥९१॥
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** १** This is not right or proper. २ Oh lord of the Earth, one should not, of one’s own accord, take any step whatever without informing the king of it, except to retaliate an injury or to ward off a difficulty. अनिवेद्य without telling. आपत्प्रतीकारात्—आपदः प्रतीकारात् ष० त० अन्यत्र=अन्यत्. ३. Oh king, a minister is like a gourd used as a water-pot, which lets out (parts with ) a little and lets in much (water); he who does not take care of a moment, is a fool and he who cares not for a couri ( वराटक ) is poor. कमंडलूपमः ( ब०) कमंडलुः उपमा यस्य तनुत्यागः ( ब० ) तनुः त्यागः यस्य. बहुग्रहः (ब०) बहुः ग्रहः यस्य. किंक्षण lit. he who says, what is a moment? ” and thus neglects it ; similarly किंवराटकः ४ That minister is always to be preferred who raises a fortune even out of a couri; the treasure of a king who is opulent is his life and not life itself. The meaning is, the treasure is more valuable to a king than his life itself, because it (treasure) is the source of all worldly happiness.५ More-over, a man does command obedience by (merely observing) family practices or other like means. A man without wealth is abandoned even by his wife; what of others? ( not to mention others )अन्यैः कुलाचारैः Mere practices prevailing in the family (cannot win respect for him if he has got no wealth ). किंपुनः is equal in sense to किमु or किमुत, already explained.
एतच्च राज्ञः **^(१)**प्रधानं दूषणम्।
^(२)अतिव्ययोनवेक्षा च तथार्जनमधर्मतः।
मोक्षणं दूरसंस्थानां कोशव्यसनमुच्यते॥९२॥
यतः।
^(३)क्षिप्रमायमनालोच्य व्ययमानः स्ववाञ्छया।
परिक्षीयत एवासौ धनी वैश्रवणोपमः॥९३॥
स्तब्धकर्णो ब्रूते। शृणु भ्रातः चिराश्रि**^(४)तावेतौ दमनककरटक संधिविग्रहकार्याधिकारिणौ च कदाचिदर्थाधिका^(६)रे न नियोक्तव्यौ। अपरं च नियोगप्रस्त^(७)**वियन्मया श्रुतं तत्कथ्यते।
^(८)ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो बन्धुर्नाधिकारे प्रशस्यते।
ब्राह्मणः सिद्धमप्यर्थं कृच्छ्रेणापि न यच्छति॥९४॥
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** १.** Chief or principal. २ Extravagant spending, neglecting as also earning wealth by unfair means, and leaving off those (re-sources) which are lying far off-these are said to be the bane or curse of the treasury. अनवेक्षा (न. त.) न अवेक्षा. अधर्मतः unjustly. दूरसंस्थानां (ब.) दूरे संस्था येषां or (उपपद) दूरे संतिष्ठन्तीति व्यसन & calamity, dangor. ३ A man (though) as rich as Kubera (वैश्रवण) but spending money at his pleasure very rapidly without looking to his income is certainly reduced to want. क्षिप्रम् goes with व्ययमानः आयं from इ to go 2 P. with आ.,lit, that which comes in and hence an income. व्ययमानः Pre. P. from the denominative verb व्यय् A. from व्यय expense. परिक्षीयते Passive of क्षि 5, 9 P. with परि वैश्रवणोपमः (ब.) वैश्रवणः उपमा यस्य ४ चिराश्रितौचिरं आश्रितौ Dependants of long standing. ५ Appointed to the office of making peace and declaring war, that is, warministers, संधि…कारिणो. संधिश्च विग्रहश्च संधिविग्रहौ (द्वंद्व) तौ कुरुतः इति, उपपद. ६ To the office (of money) of a treasurer. अर्थस्य अधिकारे ष. त. ७ A treatise treating of the appointment ८. A Brahman, a Kshatriya and a relative are not fit for responsible posts; (for) a Bráhman does not give to his master) the wealth in his charge though hard-pressed to do so or does not accomplish a thing though near fulfilment प्रशस्यते Passive of शम् with प्र 1 P. to praise. सिद्ध P. P. of सिध् 4 P. Obtained, secured. कृच्छ्रेणापि Even with difficulty
^(१)नियुक्तः क्षत्रियो द्रव्ये खङ्गं दर्शयते ध्रुवम्।
सर्वस्वं ग्रसते बन्धुराक्रम्य ज्ञातिभावतः॥९५॥
^(२)अपराधेपि निःशङ्को नियोगी चिरसेवकः।
स स्वामिनमवज्ञाय चरेच्च निरवग्रहः॥९६॥
^(३)उपकर्ताधिकारस्थः स्वापराधं न मन्यते।
उपकारं ध्वजीकृत्य सर्वमेवावलुम्पति॥९७॥
^(४)उपांशु क्रीडितोमात्यः स्वयं राजायते यतः।
अवज्ञा क्रियते तेन सदा परिचयाद्ध्रुवम्॥९८॥
^(५)अन्तर्दुष्टः क्षमायुक्तः सर्वानर्थकरः किल।
शकुनिः शकटारश्च दृष्टान्तावत्र भूपते॥९९॥
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१ A Kshatriya appointed to the office of a treasurer, soon shows the sword ( that is, becomes ready to fightwhen questioned on the subject) and a relative swallows everything, seizing it in the capacity of a relation. ज्ञातिभावतः ज्ञातेः भावः ष० त० and तस् added in the sense of the ablative.२ An employee who has been a servant of a long. standing is fearless even when he has committed an offence, and defying his master, will act without any restraint upon himself. निःशंक**:** (ब०) निर्गता शंका यस्य निरवग्रहः (ब०) निर्गतः अवग्रहः (obstacle) यस्य ३ A benefactor when appointed to an office, does not think of his own offence and crying up the obligation conferred by himself deprives the master of everything. अधिकारस्थः (उपपद) अधिकारे तिष्ठतीति ४Since a minister who sports in private with a king, acts the king himself, he surely disrespects him through familiarity. राजायते, see व्ययमानः and the note thereon above. तेन परिचयादवज्ञा क्रियते compare with this अतिपरिचयादवज्ञा. ५ He, who is inwardly wicked but affects forbearance, isindeed dangerous in all respects. Sakuni and Sakatára (these two) are, oh king, examples in this respect. सर्वानर्थकर**:–**उपपद. अत्र=अस्मिन् विषये.
^(१)सदामात्यो न साध्यः स्यात्समृद्धः सर्व एव हि।
सिद्धानामयमादेश ऋद्धिश्चित्तविकारिणी॥१००॥
^(२)प्राप्तार्थग्रहणं द्रव्यपरीवर्तोनुरोधनम्।
उपेक्षा बुद्धिहीनत्वं भोगोमात्यस्य दूषणम्॥१०१॥
^(३)नियोगार्थग्रहोपायो राज्ञां नित्यपरीक्षणम्।
प्रतिपत्तिप्रदानं च तथा कर्मविपर्ययः॥१०२॥
^(४)निपीडिता वमन्त्युच्चैरन्तः सारं महीपते।
दुष्टव्रणा इव प्रायो भवन्ति हि नियोगिनः॥१०३॥
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** १**All ministers who are prosperous are ever hard to be won over. This is the opinion (आदेशः) of great sages or seers viz., prosperity injuriously affects the moral sense (Affluence is a sure domoraliser). आदेशinstruction, advice. चित्तविकारिणी (उपपद) चित्तं विकुरुते इति. Thereading सदायत्याम् &c. is not good, sinceआयति has no propriety here. २ Appropriation of the money received, tampering with the provi- sions ( of the royal household ), easy compliance, remissness, want of capacity and addiction to pleasure, these are the defects in a minister. प्राप्तार्थ (कर्म०) स्य ग्रहणं (ष .त) द्रव्यपरी (रि) वर्तः ष. त. The roading प्राप्तार्थाग्रहणं means, not properly saving the money obtained. ३ Trying to seize the wealth pertaining to the office, always examining the king’s mind (as regards himself), giving away what is agreeable and also abuse or neglect of नियोग्यार्थमहापायः the proper duty—these are the defects in ministers. The reading (नियोग्यस्य प्रभोः अर्थग्रहस्य अर्थ संचयस्य अपायः नाशः ) is better — it means ruining the wealth amassed for the lord. The words in the text do not give good sense.४ Oh king, when pressed they give out the hidden substance in large quantities and, therefore, offfcers are generally like painful boils or wounds. For महीपते other editions read महीपतेः going with अंतःसारं which also means secret.
** ^(१)मुहुर्नियोगिनो बाध्या वसुधारा महीपते।
सकृत्किं पीडितं स्नानवस्त्रं मुञ्चेद्द्रुतं पयः॥१०४॥**
एतत्सर्वं यथा^(२)वसरं ज्ञात्वा व्यव**^(३)हर्तव्यम्। सिंहो ब्रूते। अस्ति तावदेवम्। किंत्वेतौ सर्वथा न मम वच^(४)**नकारिणौ। स्तब्धकर्णो ब्रूते। एतत्सर्वमनुचितं सर्वथा। यतः।
^(५)आज्ञाभङ्गकरान्राजा न क्षमेत्स्वसुतानपि।
विशेषः को नु राज्ञश्च राज्ञश्चित्रगतस्य च॥१०५॥
^(६)स्तब्धस्य नश्यति यशो विषमस्य मैत्री
नष्टेन्द्रियस्य कुलमर्थपरस्य धर्मः।
विद्याफलं व्यसनिनः कृपणस्य सौख्यं
राज्यं प्रमत्तसचिवस्य नराधिपस्य॥१०६॥
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** १** Oh king, those officers who possess wealth should be oppressed often and often; will the cloth worn in bathing part with all its water by being squeezed but once ? वसुधाराः (उपपद) वसु धारयतीति स्नानवस्त्रं-च. त. The reading of the first line is different as मुहुर्नियोगिनो बोध्याः &c. महीपतेः and means–the wealth amassed by a servant should be ascertained often and often. This is evidently better? २ According as occasions arise. ३ Should be practised. ४ Executors of my commands; those who obey orders. ५ A king should not pardon those who disobey orders even though they be his own sons. What then is the difference between that king (who allows his orders to be disobeyed) and the king drawn in a picture? आज्ञाभंगकरान्– आज्ञाभंगं कुर्वन्तीति उपपद क्षमेत्is irregular क्षम्being always Atmanepadiनु is a particle used in asking questions. ६The fame of him who is dull or obstinate, the friendship of him who is uneven in his conduct, the family of him who has lost his organs of sense, the religion of him who is solely intent on acquiring wealth, the fruit of learning of him who is addicted to vices, the happiness of him who is miserly, and the kingdom of that king whose ministers are careless or indifferent to his interests, are doomed (lit. perish or are destroyed ). स्तब्ध stiff, dull and henceobstinate. नष्टेंद्रियस्य (ब.) नष्टानि इंद्रियाणि यस्य; अर्थपर (ब.) अर्थः परं (प्रधानं) यस्य; प्रमत्ता- सचिवस्य ( ब.) प्रमत्ताः सचिवाः यस्य.
अपरं च।
^(१)तस्करेभ्यो नियुक्तेभ्यः शत्रुभ्यो नृपवल्लभात्।
नृपतिर्निजलोभाच्च प्रजा रक्षेत्पितेव हि॥१०७॥
भ्रातः सर्वथा**^(२)स्मद्वचनं क्रियताम्। व्यवहारोप्य^(३)स्माभिः कृतं एव। अयं संजीवकः सस्यभ^(४)क्षकोर्थाधिकारे नियुज्यताम्। एतद्व^(५)चनात्तथानुष्ठिते सति तदा^(६)रभ्य पिङ्गलकसंजीवकयोः सर्व^(७)बन्धुपरित्यागेन महता स्नेहेन कालोतिवर्तते^(८)। ततोनुजीविनामप्याहारदाने शैथि^(९)ल्यदर्शनाद्दमनककरटकावन्योन्यं^(१०)** चिन्तयतः। तदाह दमनकः करटकम्। मित्र किं कर्तव्यम्। आत्म**^(११)कृतोयं दोषः। स्वयं कृतेपि दोषे परिदेवन^(१२)**मप्यनुचितम्।
क्षणं वि**^(१३)**मृश्य। मित्र यथानयोः **^(१४)**सौहार्दं मया कारितंतथा मित्रभेदोपि मया कार्यः। यतः।
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** १** A king should protect his subjects from thieves, public servants, enemies, royal favourites and his own avarice, as if he weretheir (subjects) father. नृपवल्लभात् ष. त. २ Act entirely or solely according to my advice. Here अस्मत् is used for मत्, for the speaker is a great personage (a king). ३ The final decision as to what course to follow is given by me, व्यवहार is here used in a peculiar sense not usually met with. The reading अद्याहारोपि is much better. ४ Grami- uiverous. ५ Through his advice. ६ From that time forward, thenceforward. ७To the exclusion of all relatives; lit. with a studious avoidance or shunning of all relatives. सर्वेषां बंधूनां परित्यागेन ष. त. ८ Passed, wore on ९ Slacknoss, indifference १० Consult with each other or between themselves. ११. Done by ourselves, of our own doing. आत्मना कृतः तृ. त. १२ Lamentation. १३ Having mused for a moment १४ The friendship between these two-viz., the lion and the bull, has been brought about by me.
^(१)अतथ्यान्यपि सभ्यानि दर्शयन्त्यतिपेशलाः।
समे निम्नोन्नतानीवचित्रकर्मविदो जनाः॥१०८॥
करटको व्रूतेः। अस्त्वेवनः। किंत्वनयोर्महानन्योन्यनिस**^(२)र्गोपजात स्नेहः कथं भे^(३)**दयितुं शक्यः। दमनको व्रूते। उपायः **^(४)**क्रियताम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(५)उपायेन हि यच्छक्यं न तच्छक्यं पराक्रमैः।
काक्या कनकसूत्रेण कृष्णसर्पो निपातितः॥१०९॥
करटकः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। दमनकः कथयति।
॥कथा ५॥
कस्मिंश्चित्तरौ वाय**^(६)**सदंपती निवसतः। तयोश्चापत्यानि **^(७)तत्कोटरावस्थितेन कृष्णसर्पेण खादितानि। ततः पुनर्गर्भ^(८)वती वायसी वायसमाह। नाथ त्यज्यतामयं तरुः। अत्रावस्थितकृष्णसर्पेणावयोः सं^(९)**ततिः संततं भक्ष्यते। यतः।
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१ Those who are very skilful represent (when necessary); even falsehoods as truths, just as people skilled in painting. show low and high places on a level (board or paper).. निम्नानि च उन्नतानि त निम्नोन्नतानि द्वंद्व, चित्रकर्मविदः—चित्रकर्म विदतीति उपपद. २ अन्योन्ययोः निसर्गात् उपजातः पं. त. स चासौ स्नेहः कर्म ०. ३ To destroy, to break ? ४ Let some remedy be adopted or used. ५ That which is possible (to be accomplished) by means of a remedy, is not so (possible) by valour; a black serpent was destroyed by a female crow by means of a gold string. Understand कर्तुं after यत् and तत्. निपातितः P. of the causal of पत् 1 P. with नि. ६ A couple of crow जाया च पतिश्चदंपती द्वंद्व. ७ Residing in the hellow of that tree.तत्कोटरं=तस्य (तरोः) कोटरम् ष. त. ८ Pregnant, with child.९ Issue progeny.
^(१)दुष्टा भार्या शठं मित्रं भृत्याश्चोत्तरदायकाः।
संसर्पे च गृहे वासो मृत्युरेव न संशयः॥११०॥
वायसो ब्रूते। प्रिये न भेतव्यम्। वारंवारं मयैतस्य महापराधः सो**^(२)ढः। इदानीं पुनर्न क्ष^(३)**न्तव्यः। वायस्याह। कथमेतेन बलवता **^(४)सार्धं भवान्वि^(५)**ग्रहीतुं समर्थः। वायसो ब्रूते। अलमनया शङ्कया। यतः।
^(६)बुद्धिर्यस्य बलं तस्य निर्बुद्धेस्तु कुतो बलम्।
पश्य सिंहोमदोन्मत्तः शशकेन निपातितः॥१११॥
वायसी विहस्याह। कथमेतत्। वायसः कथयति।
॥कथा ६॥
अस्ति मन्दरनाम्नि पर्वते **^(७)दुर्दान्तो नाम सिंहः। स च सर्वदा पशूनां वधं कुर्व^(८)**न्नास्ते। ततः सर्वैः पशुभिर्मिलित्वा स सिंहो
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** १**A wicked wife, a roguish friend. servants accustomed to argue with their masters, (lit. giving or making replies) and residence in a dwelling infested by a serpent—these are nothing but death (to the owner). उत्तरदायकाः उत्तराणि ददतीति उपपद. ससर्पे (ब.) सर्पेण सहिते. २ सोढः P. P. of the root सह् 1 A. irregularly formed. ३ Potential passive participle of क्षम् 1 A. by the addition of तव्यbefore which the म् is changed to न्, the nasal corresponding to the class ( dental class ). ४ With-always governing the instrumental of a noun. ५ Infinitive of purpose ofग्रह् 9 P. and A. withवि far to hostile to, to be on inimical terms with ६ He who has talent, has power ; whence can he, who has no talent, have power? Behold, a haughty lion was destroyed by a hare. निर्बुद्धेः (ब०) नास्ति बुद्धिः यस्य तस्य मदोन्मत्तः तृ० त० ७ Hard to subdue. ८ Used to kill ( lit. Continued killing ). The present participle with a form of आम् 2 A is used to show continuous action.
विज्ञ**^(१)प्तः। मृगेन्द्र किमर्थमेक^(२)दा बहुपशुघातः क्रियते। यदि^(३)** प्रसादो भवति तदा वयमेव भवदाहाराय प्रत्यहमेकैकं। पशुमु**^(४)पढौकयामः। ततः सिंहेनोक्तम्। यद्येतदभिमतं^(५)** भवतां तर्हि भवतु तत्। ततःप्रभृत्येकैकंपशुमुप**^(६)**कल्पितं भक्षयन्नास्ते। अथ कदाचिद्वृद्धशशकस्य वा^(७)रः समायातः। सोचिन्तयत्।
^(८)त्रासहेतोर्विनीयस्तु क्रियते जीविताशया।
पञ्चत्वं चेद्गमिष्यामि किं सिंहानुनयेन मे॥११२॥
तन्मन्दंम**^(९)न्दं गच्छामि। ततः सिंहोपि क्षुधापीडितः कोपात्तमुवाच। कुत^(१०)स्त्वं विल^(११)म्ब्य समागतोसि। शशकोब्रवीत्। देव नाहमप^(१२)राधी। आगच्छन्पथि सिंहान्तरे^(१३)**ण बलाद्धृतः। तस्याग्रे
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** १** (lit) Was informed, requested. It is an adjective probably derived from the causal of ज्ञा with वि २ All at once. ३ If you please, if it please you. ४ उपढौकय् is the causal of ढौक् 1 A with उप to go near, approach, and therefore,उपढौकय् means-to cause to go near and hence to serd. ५ If this is agreeable to you, if you agree to do this. ६ P. P. of the causal of क्लृप् 1 A with उप. Made roady or prepared (for his meal). ७ The day of the week and hence turn ( पाली Maráthi.). ८ An improper course of conduct is resorted to with the desire of saving one’s life from danger ( त्रास ). If I die (at thehands of the lion) what is the use to me of pleasing the lion ? त्रासहेतोः ष. त. जीविताशया,ष त. सिंहानुनय ष त. The use of the instrumental of a noun with किम् in the sense of use, advantage &c. has been already explained in Part I ९ Slowly and slowly. १० Why, wherefore Hereकुतः=किम्, किमर्थम्. ११ Нaving delayed, late. It is an absolutive of लंब्1 A with वि. १२ I am not to blame, I am not guilty. १३ Was forcibly detained by another lion. सिंहांतरेण (कर्म) अन्येन सिंहेन.
पुनरागमनाय **^(१)**शपथं कृत्वा स्वामिनं निवेदयितुमत्रागतोस्मि।सिंहः सकोपमाह। **^(२)**सत्वरं गत्वा दुरात्मानं दर्शय क्व स दुरात्मा तिष्ठति। ततः शशकस्तं गृहीत्वा गभीरकूपं दर्शयितुं गतः। तत्रागत्य स्वयमेव पश्यतु स्वामीत्युक्त्वा तस्मिन्कूपजले **^(३)तस्य सिंहस्यैव प्रतिबिम्बं दर्शितवान्। ततोसौ क्रोधा^(४)ध्मातो दर्पात्तस्योपर्यात्मानं ^(५)निक्षिप्य पञ्चत्वं गतः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। बुद्धिर्यस्य इत्यादि। वायस्याह। श्रुतं मया सर्वम्। संप्रति य^(६)था कर्तव्यं तद्ब्रूहि। वायसोवदत्। अत्रासन्ने^(७) सरसि राजपुत्रः प्रत्यहमामत्य स्नाति। स्नानसमये तदङ्गाद^(८)वतारितं तीर्थशि^(९)**लानिहितं कनकसूत्रं चञ्च्वा विधृत्यानीयास्मिन्कोटरे
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** १**Having made a solemn promise(शपथं) to return to him. २ The construction here from सत्वरं… तिष्ठति is puzzling.. I think the sentence should be construed as follows:—सत्वरं दुरात्मानं गत्वा क्व सदुरात्मातिष्ठति or it may be taken as सत्वरं गत्वा दुरात्मानं दर्शय क्व सदुरात्मा तिष्ठतीति(दर्शय) In the first case it means—Go to the wicked fellow and show me where he is. In the second case it means—Go quickly and show me the wicked fellow and also tell me where he is. The latter of these is better and should, I think, be preferred. In place of दुरात्मानंanother edition reads मां.which solves the difficulty. ३ Showed him (the lion) the shadow of his own self or his own shadow reflected in the water of the well. प्रतिबिंव counter-immage (प्रति counter and बिंव immage ). ४ Filled with anger आध्मात P. P. of ध्मा 1P. with आ. The root is irregular and is conju- gated as धम् in the conjugational tenses e.g. धमति अधमत्. ५Having thrown himself. ६Tell me how and what is to be done. It should have been either यथा कर्तव्यं तथा ब्रूहि or यत्कर्तव्यम् तद्ब्रूहि. That is, tell me what is to be done, or show me the way in which it is to be done. ७In the ad- jacent lake or tank. अत्र = अस्मिन् ८ Taken off his person. अवतारित P. P. of तृ with अव causal. ९ Placed on a stone on the way or road (तीर्थ) leading to the water. (तीर्थस्य) शिलायां निहितम् स० त०.
धारयि**^(१)ष्यसि। अथ क^(२)दाचित्स्नातुं जलं प्रविष्टे राजपुत्रे वायस्या त^(३)दनुष्ठितम् अथ कनकसूत्रानुसरण^(४)**प्रवृत्तै राजपुरुषैस्तत्र तरुकोटरे कृष्णसर्पो दृष्टो व्यापादितश्च। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। उपायेनाहि यच्छक्यम् इत्यादि। करटको ब्रूते। यद्येवं तर्हि गच्छ। **^(५)**शिवास्ते सन्तु पन्थानः। ततो दमनकःपिङ्गलकसमीपं गत्वा प्रणम्योवाच। देव **^(६)**आत्ययिकं किमपि महाभयकारि कार्यं मन्यमानः समागतोस्मि। यतः।
^(७)आपद्युन्मार्गगमने कार्यकालात्ययेषु च।
कल्याणवचनं ब्रूयादपृष्टोर्पि हितोनरः॥११३॥
अन्यच्च।
^(८)भोगस्य भाजनं राजा न राजा’ कार्यभाजनम्।
राजकार्यपरिध्वंसी मन्त्री दोषेण लिप्यते॥११४॥
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** १** Will place or put. It is the 2nd future of the causal of धृ 1 P. २ Then once upon a time. ३ तत् vizकनकसूत्रं चंच्चा धृत्वानीय कोटरे धारितम् ४ Who had begun to trace the lost gold string. ५ May your road be prosperous, that is, may you fare well on the journey or road… It is an expression.: generally used by those who see a person off. ६ Thinking that some urgent and dangerous affair is imminent. The, reading अत्याहितम्, which means a calamity, is better. (आत्यायिक urgent, destructive.) महाभयकारि (उपपद) महाभयं करोतीति७ A person who is well disposed (towards another); should say what is beneficial to him even unasked, when there is a calamity (impending ), when he is going astray or by a wrong path and when the time or proper season for a business is passing away. उन्मार्गे गमने स. त; कार्यस्य कालस्य अत्ययः ष. त. the passing away of the time for action. अत्यय from इ 2 P. with अति. कल्याणवचनं कर्म. हितः friendly.८ A king is a proper receptacle for enjoyments and not for business; (therefore) a councillor or minister who spoils the king’s affairs, is blamed or found fault with. कार्यभाजनं ष त राज्ञः कार्यं परिध्वंसते इति उपपद लिप्यते Passivo of लिप् 6 P. and A to smear, anoint. The 2nd half of thefirst line is thus. read मंत्री कार्यस्य भाजनं, the meaning of which is plain.
**^(१)**तथा हि पश्य। अमात्यानामेष **^(२)**क्रमः।
^(३)वरं प्राणपरित्यागः शिरसो वापि कर्तनम्।
न तु स्वामिपदावाप्तिपातकेच्छोरुपेक्षणम्॥११५॥
पिङ्गलकः सादरमाह। अथ भवान्किं वक्तुमिच्छति। दमनको ब्रूते। देव संजीवकस्तवोपर्यसदृशव्यव**^(४)हारीव लक्ष्यते। तथा चास्मत्संनिधा^(५)ने श्रीमद्देवपादानां^(६)** शक्तित्रयनिन्दां कृत्वा राज्यमेवाभिलषति। एतच्छ्रुत्वा पिङ्गलकः सभयं साश्चर्यं मत्वा तूष्णीं **^(७)स्थितः। दमनकः पुनराह। देव सर्वामात्य^(८)**परित्यागं कृत्वैक एवायं यत्त्वया सर्वाधिकारी कृतः स एव दोषः। यतः।
^(९)अत्युच्छिते मन्त्रिणि पार्थिवे च
विष्टभ्य पादावुपतिष्ठते श्रीः।
सा स्त्रीस्वभावादसहा भरस्य
तयोर्द्वयोरेकतरं जहाति॥११६॥
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** १**For example, see. २ Mode or manner. ३ Better is the loss of one’s life or even the cutting off of one’s head, than one’s neglect of him who is desirous of committing the sin of usurping the dignity of his lord. प्राणपरित्यागः ष० त०, स्वामिनः पदस्य आवाप्तिः एव पातकं तत् इच्छोः- ४ Acting towards you in a manner unworthy of himself, that is, his conduct with respect to you is not as it should be. ५ In our presence. ६ Having censured your prosperous Majesty’s three powers-which are प्रभुशक्ति, उत्साहशक्ति and मंत्रशक्ति, that is, the eminent position, energy and the power of good counsel ७ Stood silent or quiet. ८ सर्वामात्य … दोषः It is indeed a fault that your Majesty, having left off all other ministers, has given this one alone (संजीवक) full powers. ९When the minister and the king ( both ) becoms very proud Prosperity stands, planting her foot immovably ; but being unable to bear the burden through her weakness as a woman, she gives up one of two स्त्रीस्वभावात् ष० त० एकतर one of two.
अपरं च।
^(१)एकं भूमिपतिः करोति सचिवं राज्ये प्रमाणं यदा
तं मोहाच्छ्रयते मदः स च मदालस्येन निर्भियते।
निर्भिन्नस्य पदं करोति हृदये तस्य स्वतन्त्रस्पृहा
स्वातन्त्र्यस्पृहया ततः स नृपतेः प्राणान्तिकं द्रुह्यति॥११७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)विषदिग्धस्य भक्तस्य दन्तस्य चलितस्य च।
अमात्यस्य च दुष्टस्य मूलादुद्धरणं सुखम्॥११८॥.
किं च।
^(३)यः कुर्यात्सचिवायत्तां श्रियं तद्व्यसने सति।
सोन्धवज्जगतीपालः सीदेत्संचारकैर्विना॥११९॥
सर्वकार्येषु स्वेच्छा**^(४)**तः प्रवर्तते। तदत्र प्रमाणं स्वामी। एतच्च जानामि।
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** १** When a king makes some one minister the sole authority in the kingdom, pride takes possession of him through infatuation, and he separates from his master through the neglect of affairs caused by pride, and when separated, a desire for independence springs up in his bosom, and then through the desire of independence, he acts the traitor towards the king and wishes to deprive the king even of his life. स्वतंत्रस्पृहा ष० त०. २ Nothing short of a total destruction in the case of rice smeared with poison, of a tooth loosened (in its socket) and of a wicked minister, is safe. विषदिग्ध तृ. त. मुखम् = मुखावहम् ३ That king who entrusts his wealth to a minister, will, when that minister is in calamity, find himself helpless like a blind man with- out a guide. सचिवायत्तां ष. त तद्व्यसने = तस्य (सचिवस्य) व्यसने ष. त.४ Of his own free will or pleasure.
^(१)न सोस्ति पुरुषो लोके यो नः कामयते श्रियम्।
परस्था युवती रम्यां सादरं नेक्षतेत्र कः॥१२०॥
सिंहो विमृश्याह। भद्र यद्यप्येवं तथापि संजीवकेन सह मम महान्स्नेहः। पश्य।
कुर्वन्नपि व्यलीकानि यः प्रियः प्रिय’ एवं ‘सः।
अशेषदोषदुष्टोपि कायः कस्य न वल्लभः॥१२१॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)अप्रियाण्यपि कुर्वाणो यः प्रियः प्रिय एव सः।
दग्धमन्दिरसारेपि कस्य वह्नावनादरः॥१२२॥
दमनकः पुनरेवाह। देवः स एवातिदोषः यतः।
^(४)यस्मिन्नेवाधिकं चक्षुरारोहयति पार्थिवः।
सुतेमात्येप्युदासीने से लक्ष्म्याश्रीयते जनः॥१२३॥
शृणु देव।
^(५)अप्रियस्यापि पथ्यस्य परिणामः सुखावहः।
वक्ता श्रोता च यत्रास्ति रमन्ते तत्र संपदः॥१२४॥
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** १** There is no such man in this world as does not wish for wealth;who in this world does not longingly look at the young and charming wife of another? सादरं अव्य. longsingly. २He who is dear to any one is ever so though he may commit faults; to whom is not the body dear though may be spoiled by all sorts of defects? अशेषैः दोषैः दुष्टः तृ. त., अशेष (ब.) नास्ति शेषः यस्य. ३ He who is dear is ever so though he may do things unfavourable to us; who has any disrespect for fire though it has destroyed all the substance in a house ? दग्धमंदिरसारे (ब.) दग्धं मंदिरसारं येन. ४ Heto whoma king pays more attention or shows more favour (than to others ), be hehis ( king’s) son, minister or a stranger ( उदासीन ) is resorted to by prosperity. आरोहयति causal of रुह 1 P. with आ. It is also आरोपयति. उदासीन lit-indifferent, neutral आश्रीयते Passive of श्रि 1 A with आ. ५ The result of that which is beneficial though unpleasant is happy, and where there is a speaker and hearer of it (what is un- pleasant ) prosperity sports there: सुखावहः उपपद.
त्वया च मूल**^(१)भृत्यान^(२)पास्यायमागन्तुकःपुरस्कृ^(३)**त।एतच्चानुचितं कृतम्॥यतः॥
^(४)मूलभृत्यान्परित्यज्य नागन्तून्प्रति मानयेत्। .
नातः परतरो दोषो राज्यभेदकरो यतः॥१२५॥
सिंहो ब्रूतेकिमाश्चर्यम्॥ मया यदभयवाचं दत्त्वानीतः सं**^(४)**वर्धितश्च। तत्कथं मह्यंद्रुह्यति। दमनको ब्रूते॥ देव॥
^(६)दर्जनो मार्जवं याति सेव्यमानोऽपि नित्यशः।
स्वेदनाभ्यञ्जनोपायैः श्वपुच्छमिवनामितम्॥१३६॥
अपरं च।
^(७)स्वेदितो मर्दितश्चैव। रज्जुभिः परिवेष्टितः।
मुक्तो द्वादशभिर्वर्षैः श्वपुच्छःप्रकृतिं गतः॥१२७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(८)वर्धनं वाथ सन्मानं खलानां प्रीत्ये कुतः।
फलन्त्यमृतसेकेपि न पथ्यानिः विषद्रुमाः॥१२८॥
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** १** Original or old servants. मूलाश्च ते भृत्याः कर्म. २ Absolutive from अस् 4 P. with अप. ३ Made foremost or prominent. ४ One should not leave off old servants and honour new-comers; there is no fault greater than this, since it causes a split in the kingdom. मानयेत् causal of मन् 4 A. परतर**:** Comparative of पर great, by the addition of तर. राज्यभेदं करोतीति उपपद. ५ Supported, brought up. ६ A wicked man will never become straightforward though always served with care; just as the crooked tail of a dog does not become straight by means of greasing, anointing and other remedies. Hereआर्जवं is used in a double sense. (1) straightforwardness, (2) Straightness. स्वेदना….पायैः. It may be either स्वेदनाभ्यंजनाभ्यामेव उपायाभ्यां or स्वेदनाभ्यंजनोपायैः द्वंद्व श्वपुच्छं (ष० त०) शुनः पुच्छम्. The reading दुर्जनः प्रकृतिं याति - means, will revert to his own nature. ७The tail of a dog anointed rubbed and tied by a rope and let loose after twelve years, resumed its own nature, i. e. became as crooked as before. ८ Whence can nourishment and respect be pleasing to thewicked? The trees of poison though watered with nectar, do not yield good fruits. अमृतसेके तृ. त.
अतोहं ब्रवीमि।
^(१)अपृष्टोपि हितं ब्रूयाद्यस्यनेच्छेत्पराभवम्।
एष एव सतां धर्मो विपरीतमतोन्यथा॥१२९॥
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(२)स स्निग्धोकुशलान्निवारयति यस्तत्कर्म यन्निर्मलं
सास्त्री यानुविधायिनी स मतिमान्यः सद्भिरभ्यर्च्यते।
सा श्रीर्या न मदं करोति स सुखी यस्तृष्णया मुच्यते।
तन्मित्रंयदकृत्रिमं सः पुरुषो यः खिद्यते नेन्द्रियै॥१३०॥
यदि संजीवकव्य**^(३)सनार्दितो विज्ञापितोपि स्वामी न निवर्तते तदीदृशि भृत्ये न दोषः^(४)**। तथा च।
^(५)नृपः कामासक्तो गणयति नः कार्यं न च हितं
यथेष्टं स्वच्छन्दः प्रविचरति मत्तो गज इव।
ततो मानध्मातः स पतति यदा शोकगहने
तदा भृत्ये दोषान्क्षिपति न निजं वेत्त्यविनयम्॥१३१॥
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** १**Though unasked one should speak out what is beneficial to him whose defeat he does not wish; this is the duty of the good; otherwise the contrary is the case अन्यथा अतः विपरितम् viz the result will otherwise be hurtful to the person. २ He is friendly who protects us from evil; that is an action which is pure; she is a wife who is obedient; he is talented who is respected by the good; that is wealth which does not produce pride; he is happy who is left off by or free from avarice; that is a friend who is artless and he is a man who is not troubled by the organs of sense स्निग्धः affectionate and hence friendly. अनुविधायिनी lit. she who does after, follows and hence obeys. ३ Troubled by the calamity of Sanjivaka, that is, calamity in the shape of Sanjivaka himself. ४ Then such a servant ( as myself ) is not to blame. ५ When a king is addicted to pleasures, he does not mind what is proper to do and what is beneficial, and acts as he pleases like a mad elephant; and when being puffed up with pride, he comes to great grief, he throws the blame on the servants, and does not know that his misfortune is due to his own misconduct. कामासक्तः स० त० स्वच्छंदः (ब.) is dueto स्वस्य च्छंदः यस्य ; मानध्मात तृ० त० शोकगहने कर्म.
पिङ्गलकः (स्वगतम्)।
^(१)नपरस्यापराधेनपरेषां दण्डमाचरेत्।
आत्मनावगतं कृत्वा बघ्नीयात्पूजयेच्च वा॥१३२॥
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(२)गुणदोषावनिश्चित्य विधिर्न ग्रहनिग्रहे।
स्वनाशाय यथा न्यस्तो दर्पात्सर्पमुखे करः॥१३३॥
प्रकाशं ब्रूते। **^(३)**तदा संजीवकः किं प्रत्यादिश्यताम् दमनकः **^(४)**ससंभ्रममाह। देव मा मैवम्। एतावता मन्त्रभेदो जायते। तथा ह्युक्तम्।
^(५)मन्त्रबीजमिदं गुप्तं रक्षणीयं यथा तथा।
मनागपि न भिद्येत तद्भिन्नं न प्ररोहति ॥१३४॥
किं च।
^(६)आदेयस्य प्रदेयस्य कर्तव्यस्य च कर्मणः।
क्षिप्रमाक्रियमाणस्य कालः पिबति तद्रसम्॥१३५॥
तदवश्यं समा**^(७)रब्धं महता प्रयत्नेन संपा^(८)**दनीयम्। किं च।
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** १** One should not punish anybody for the fault of another, but one should either punish (lit.confine, imprison) or honour after going into the facts one’s self After अवगतं कृत्वा understand अपराधकारणम्२ Without ascertaining the merits and faults of a person there should not be the awarding of favour and punishment; for the hand put into the mouth of a serpent through pride leads to one’s own destruction, गुणदोषौ द्वंद्व विधि**:** action proceeding. ग्रहनिग्रहे समाहारद्वंद्व. ३ What then, is Sanjivaka to be repulsed or rejected ?४ Hastily, with haste. संभ्रमेण सहितं यथा तथा ५ This hidden seed of counsel should be protected anyhow, and should not be divulged even in the least, because when divulged (broken) it does not grow. मंत्रबीजम् कर्म० ६ Time sucks up the juice (i.e. takes away from the utility) of an action, viz., of taking, giving or performing a duty when it is not done quickly. ७Fegun८Should be executed. .
^(१)मन्त्रो योध इवाधीरः सर्वाङ्गैः संवृतैरपि।
चिरं न सहते स्थातुं परेभ्यो भेदशङ्कया॥१३६॥
यद्यसौ **^(२)**दृष्टदोषोपि **^(३)**दोषान्निवर्त्य संधातव्यस्तदतीवानुचितम्। यतः।
^(४)सकृद्दुष्टं तु यो मित्रं पुनः संघातुमिच्छति।
स मृत्युमेव गृह्णाति गर्भमश्वतरी यथा॥१३७॥
सिंहो ब्रूते। ज्ञायतां तावत्किमस्माकमसौ**^(५)** कर्तुं समर्थः। दमनक आह। देवं।
^(६)अङ्गाङ्गिभावमज्ञात्वा कथं सामर्थ्यनिर्णयः।
पश्यं टिट्टिभमात्रेण समुद्रोव्याकुलीकृतः॥१३८॥
सिंहः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। दमनकः कथयति।
॥कथा ७॥
दक्षिणसमुद्रतीरे टिट्टिभदंपती निवसतः। तत्र चासन्नप्र**^(७)**सवाटि-
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** १** Counsel, like an impatient warrior though it (he) has all its parts well covered, is not able to stand long through the fear of being divulged (pierced) by others (enemies). सर्वांगैःसंवृतैः Instrurmental absolute=सर्वांगेषु संवृत्तेषु २ दृष्टः दोषः यस्य ब० He in whom & fault is discovered. ३ Having turned (him) away from a wrong cource of conduct. ४ He who wishes to make friends with him who has been once on inimical terms with him, meets with certain death, as does a she-mule in the shape of her offspring. गर्भमश्वतरीतथा It is supposed that a mule dies when it has given birth to a young one. ५ What (harm) heis able to do us? ६ How can strength be ascertained without knowing the relation of principal ( अंगि) and subordinate (अंग), see, by the mere lap-wing the ocean was overpowered (lit. distressed, confounded). अंग a limb and अंगिन् that which has a limb–अगांगिभाव अंगांगिनोः भावः ष० त० ७ Near the time of her delivery, about to become a mother. आसन्नः प्रसवः यस्याः सा.
ट्टिभी भर्तारमाह। नाथ प्रसवयोग्यस्थानं निभृ**^(१)तमनुसंधीय^(२)**ताम्। टिट्टिभोवदत्। भार्ये **^(३)नन्विदमेव स्थानं प्रसूतियोग्यम्। सा ब्रूते। समुद्रवेल^(४)**या व्याप्यते स्थानमेतत्। टिट्टिभोवदत्। **^(५)**किमहं निर्बलः समुद्रेण निग्रहीतव्यः। टिट्टिभी विहस्याह। स्वामिन् त्वया समुद्रेण च महदन्तरम्। अथवा।
^(६)पराभवं परिच्छेत्तुं योग्यायोग्यं च वेत्ति यः।
अस्तीह यस्य विज्ञानं कृच्छ्रेणापि न सीदति॥१०९॥
अपि च।
^(७)अनुचित कार्यारम्भः स्वजनविरोधो बलीयसा स्पर्धा।
प्रमदाजनविश्वासो मृत्योर्द्वाराणि चत्वारि॥११०॥
ततः कृ**^(८)**च्छ्रेण **^(९)स्वामिवचनात्सा तत्रैव प्रसूता। एतत्सर्वं श्रुत्वा समुद्रेणापि तच्छक्ति^(१०)ज्ञानार्थं तदण्डान्यपहृतानि। ततष्टिट्टिभी शोकार्ता भर्तारमाह। नाथ कष्ट^(११)**मापतितम्। तान्यण्डानि मे नष्टानि। टिट्टिभोवदत्। प्रिये मा भैषीः। इत्युक्त्वा **^(१२)**पक्षिणां मेलकं कृत्वा पक्षिस्वामिनो गरुडस्य समीपं गतः। तत्र गत्वा सकलवृत्तान्तं टिट्टिभेन भगवतो गरुडस्य पुरतो निवेदितम्। देव समुद्रेणाहं स्वगृहा-
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** १** Quiet, retired. २ Imperative 3rd Per. singular of the passive of धा 3 P. and A with अनुसम् to search, to investi gate. ३ Is not this place fit for delivery? ४ Tide or flow. ५ What, am I so weak as to be punished or chastised by the sea?६ He who knows how to provide for defeat, and what is proper and improper, and he who has knowledge or sense, never suffers misery even though he may be in difficulty. ७The commencement of an improper action, hostility with one’s own peoplo, rivalry with the stronger, and placing confidence in ( young ) women–( these ) four are the gates of death अनुचितकार्यारंभः ष० त०; स्वजनविरोधः तृ० त०; प्रमदाजनविश्वासः स० त० ८ With great difficulty. ९ Her lord, viz., her husband. १० For the purpose of knowing their strength.११ A calamity has befallen us. १२ Having called together an assembly or meeting (मेलकं) of the birds.
वस्थितो विनापराधेनैव निगृहीतः। ततस्तद्वचनमाकर्ण्य गरुत्मता प्रभुर्भगवन्नारायणः सृष्टिस्थिति**^(१)प्रलयहेतुर्विज्ञप्तः। स समुद्रम^(२)ण्डदानायादिदेश। ततो भगवदाज्ञां मौलौ^(३)** निधाय समुद्रेण तान्य टिट्टिभाय समर्पितानि। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। अङ्गाङ्गिभावमज्ञात्वा इत्यादि। राजाह कथमसौ ज्ञातव्यो द्रो**^(४)हबुद्धिरिति। दमनको ब्रूते। यदासौ सदर्पः शृङ्गा^(५)ग्रप्रहरणाभिमुखश्चकि^(६)तमिवागच्छति तदा ज्ञास्यति स्वामी। एवमुक्त्वा संजीवकसमीपं गतः। तत्र गतश्च मन्दंमन्द^(७)**मुपसर्पन्विस्मितमिवात्मानमदर्शयत्। संजीवकेन सादरमुक्तम्। **^(८)**भद्र कुशलं ते। दमनको ब्रूते। **^(९)**अनुजीविनां कुतः कुशलम्। यतः।
^(१०)संपत्तयः पराधीनाः सदा चित्तमनिर्वृतम्।
स्वजीवितेप्यविश्वासस्तेषां ये राजसेवकाः॥१११॥
अन्यच्च।
^(११)कोर्थान्प्राप्य न गर्वितो विषयिणः कस्यापदोस्तं गताः
स्त्रीभिः कस्य न खण्डितं भुवि मनः को वास्ति राज्ञां प्रियः।
कः कालस्य भुजान्तरं न च गतः कोर्थी गतो गौरवं
को वा दुर्जनवागुरासु पतितः क्षेमेण यातः पुमान्॥११२॥
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** १** The cause of the creation ( सृष्टि ), preservation ( स्थिति ) and destruction ( प्रलय ) of the universe सृष्टि हेतुः is ष० त०.सृष्टिस्थितिप्रलयानां हेतुः २ To return (give ) the eggs. ३ Having respectfully obeyed (lit. placed on the head) the command of the lord. ४ Hostilely disposed. ५ Ready to strike with the ends of his horns. शृंगाग्रप्रहरणाधिमुखः—शृंगयोः अग्राभ्यां प्रहरणाय अभिमुखः च.त ६ As if frightened or amazed.७Approaching him slowly and slowly.८ Friend. (good sir, ) are you well ? I hope you are well. ९ Whence can it be well with dependents? How can servants do well? १०. The wealth of those who are king’s servants is dependent on others, their mind is always uneasy, and they have no confidence even with regard to (the safety of.) their own lives. For राजसेवकाः another edition reads राजसंश्रयाः which means—those who have resorted to kings. ११ Who does not become proud on obtaining wealth? what sensualist has his miseries ever ended? whose mind is not disappointed or mortified by women ? who is a king’s favourite ? who does not fall into the clutches of death? what suppliant, is over honoured? and what man having fallen into the snares of the wicked, has come out safe?भुजांतरं—भुजयोः अंतरं ष. त, दुर्जनवागुरासु ष० त०ः
संजीवकेनोक्तम्। सखे ब्रुहि किमेतत्। दमनक आह। किं ब्रवीमि मन्दभाग्यः। पश्य।
^(१)मज्जन्नपि पयोराशौ लब्ध्वा सर्पावलम्बनम्।
न मुञ्चति न चादत्ते तथा मुग्धोस्मि संप्रति॥११३॥
यतः।
^(२)एकत्र राजविश्वासो नश्यत्यन्यत्र बान्धवः।
किं करोमि क्व गच्छामि पतितो दुःखसागरे॥११४॥
इत्युक्त्वा दीर्घं निः**^(३)श्वस्योपविष्टः। संजीवको ब्रूते। मित्र तथापि सवि^(४)स्तरं मनोग^(५)तमुच्यताम्। दमनकः सुनिभृ^(६)**तमाह। यद्यपि **^(७)राजविश्वासो न कथनीयस्तथापि भवानस्मदीय^(८)प्रत्ययादागतः। मया परलोका^(९)**र्थिनावश्यं तव हितमाख्येयम्। शृणु। अयं स्वामी तवोपरि विकतबुद्धी **^(१०)**रहस्युक्तवान्। संजीवकमेव हत्वा स्वपरिवारं तर्पयामि। एतच्छुत्वा संजीवकः परं विषादमगमत्। दमनकः पुनराह।
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** १**One who is being drowned in the ocean and finds the support of a serpent, can neither forego it nor take hold of it; so bewildered am I (such is the nature of my bewilderment ) सर्पावलंबनं ष० त०. The first half of the first line is thus read यथा समुद्रे पतितः २ On the one hand, the confidence of the king is betrayed, and on the other a friend perishes; what should I do and where : should I go, fallen as I am into the sea of misery ३ Having fetched a deep sigh.४ At length, in detail. ५ A thought मनसि स गतं स० त० ६ Very privately. ७The secret of a king should not be divulged, that is, anything confided to us by the king should not be given out.८ On the faith of or relying on my words.९ Desirous of the next world; if I care for the happy world. १० He whose mind has undergone a change for the worse with regard to you..
अलं विषादेन। प्राप्तकालका**^(१)र्यमनुष्ठीयताम्। संजीवकः क्षणं विमृश्याह स्वगतम्।^(२)सुष्ठु खल्विदमुच्यते।^(३)**किं वा दुर्जनचेष्टितं न वेत्त्येतद्व्यवहारान्निर्णेतुं न शक्यते।यतः।
^(४)दुर्जनगम्या नार्यः प्रायेणापात्रभृद्भवति राजा।
कृपणानुसारि च धनं देवो गिरिजलधिवर्षी च॥११५॥
^(५)कश्चिदाश्रयसौन्दर्याद्धत्ते शोभामसज्जनः।
प्रमदालोचनन्यस्तं मलीमसमिवाञ्जनम्॥११६॥
तत्र विचिन्त्योक्तम्।कष्टं किमिदमापतितम्।यतः।
^(६)आराध्यमानो नृपतिः प्रयत्ना-
न्नतोषमायाति किमत्र चित्रम्।
अयं त्वपूर्वप्रतिमाविशेषो
यः सेव्यमानो रिपुतामुपैति॥११७॥
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** १**Let what befits the occasion be done. प्राप्तकाल is a Bahu. qualifying कार्यम् प्राप्तः कालः यस्य २ It is indeed aptly said. ३ It is not possible to ascertain from their conduct what the deeds of the wicked are not conversant with. ४ Women are accessible to the wicked, and a king generally supports an unfit person, wealth follows the miserly and rain—God sends down rain on mountains and eeas. दुर्जनगम्या तृ० त० ; अपात्रभृत् (उपपद.) अपात्रं बिभर्ति इति कृपणानुसारि—कृपणं अनसरतीति. उपपद. गिरिजलधिवर्षी—गिरिजलध्योः वर्षतीति.’ उपपद. ५ Some bad person appears good through the beauty of the thing he resorts to, just as the dirty collyrium appears bright when put into the eyes of young women. आश्रयसौंदर्यात् ष त, प्रमदालोचनन्यस्तं स. त.६ What is there strange in the fact that a king though served with efforts, is not pleased? That is indeed an extraordinary sample who being served becomes our enemy—(not that he is not pleased, but on. the contrary he becomes inimical to us.) अपूर्वप्रतिमावि’ शषः अपूर्वायाः प्रतिमायाः विशेषः ष. त.
तदयमश**^(१)**क्यार्थः प्रमेयः। यतः।
^(२)निमित्तमुद्दिश्य हि यः प्रकुप्यति
ध्रुवं स तस्यापगमे प्रसीदति।
अकारणद्वेषि मनस्तु यस्य वै
कथं जनस्तं परितोषयिष्यति॥११८॥
किं मयापकृतं राज्ञः। **^(३)अथवा निर्निमित्ताप^(४)**कारिणश्च भवन्ति राजानः। दमनको ब्रूते। एवमेतत्। शृणु
^(५)विज्ञैः स्निग्धैरुपकतमपि द्वेष्यतामेति कैश्चि-
त्साक्षादन्यैरपकृतमपि प्रीतिमेवोपयाति।
चित्रं चित्रं किमथ चरितं नैकभावाश्रयाणां
सेवाधर्मः परमगहनो योगिनामप्यगम्यः॥११९॥
अन्यच्च।
^(६)कृतशतमसत्सु नष्टं सुभाषितं च नष्टमबुधेषु।
वचनशतमवचनकरे बुद्धिशतमचेतने नष्टम्॥१२०॥
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** १** But this is an inexplicable (प्रमेय) truth. अशक्यार्थः (ब.) अशक्यः अर्थः यस्य २ He who becomes angry for some (definite) cause, is pacified when that cause is removed; but how will a man please him whose mind is full of hatred without any cause? अकारणद्वेषि न० त० (न कारणद्वेषि०). ३ Or rather अथवा is used to correct a foregoing statement.४ Injuring others without any cause निर्गतं निमित्तं यथा तथा अपकारिणः ५ If some wise and sympathetic persons confer some obligation, it becomes hateful, while if others actually do any harm, it becomes pleasing; the conduct of those whose minds are full of various sentiments (ever changeful or fickle) is indeed very strange and capricious. The duty of servitude is very difficult and is impracticable even to sages. विज्ञैः (उपपद०) विशेषं जानंति ते विज्ञाः तैः विज्ञैः नैकभावाश्रयाणां न-( एकभावस्य आश्रयाः एकभावांश्रयाः, तेषां एक भावाश्रयाणां ).६ Hundreds of deeds are lost upon those who are wicked, hundreds of good sayings, upon those who are unwise, hundreds of precepts on those who are disobedient and hundreds of wise counsels, on those who are foolish or dull-headed कृत=कृत्यं. अवचनकरे० न नवचनकरे-न० त० Similarly असत्सु, अबुधेषु and अचेतने.
किं च।
^(१)चन्दनतरुषु भुजंगा जलेषु कमलानि तत्र च ग्राहाः।
गुणघातिनश्च’भोगे खला न च सुखान्यविघ्नानि॥१२१॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)मूलं भुजंगैः कुसुमानि भृङ्गैः
शाखाः प्लवङ्गैः शिखराणि भल्लैः।
नास्त्येव तच्चन्दनपादपस्य
यन्नाश्रितं दुष्टतरैश्चहिंस्रैः॥१२२॥
**^(३)**अधं तावत्स्वामी वाचि मधुरो विष^(४)हृदयो ज्ञातः। यत्नः।
^(५)दूरादुच्छ्रितपाणिरार्द्रनयनः प्रोत्सारितार्धासनो
गाढालिङ्गनतत्परः प्रियकथाप्रश्नेषु दत्तादरः।
अन्तर्भूतविषो वह्निर्मधुमयश्चातीव मायापटुः
को नामायमपूर्वनाटकविधिर्यः शिक्षितो दुर्जनैः॥१२३॥
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** १** There are serpents on sandal-trees, there are lotuses and alligators in water, and there are the wicked who are destroyers of flavours in enjoyment—there are no pleasures without obstacles or hindrances गुणघातिनः–गुणान् घातयंतीति गुणघातिनः उपपद० अविघ्नानि (ब०) न संति विघ्नाः येषु. २ The root is resorted to by serpents, the flowers by black bees, the branches by apes and the tops by bears; there is thus nothing belonging to the sandal tree that is not inhabited by wicked and murderous creatures. The last two lines should be thus construed**:**—यत् दुष्टतरैः हिंस्रैःश्चनाश्रितं तत् चदनपादपस्य नास्त्येव. ३ As to this our lord.४ Having poison in the heart.. विषं हृदये यस्य ब० ५ He raises his hand from a distance, he has his eyes wet (with tears of affection), he proffers half his seat, he is ready to give a close embrace, affects earnestness in asking question regarding .welfare, he is inwardly full of poision but outwardly as sweet as honey, and is very deceitful. What indeed is this theatrical course of conduct that is studied by the wicked? उच्छ्रितपाणिः ब० आर्द्रनयनः ; (ब०) आर्द्रे नयये यस्य; प्रोत्सारितंअर्धासनंयेन ब० गाढार्लिंगनतत्परः स० त० दत्तादरः ब०; अंतर्भूतविषः ( ब० ) अंतर्भूतं विषं यस्य मायापटुः स० त०.
तथा हि।
^(१)पोतो दुस्तरवारिराशितरणे दीपोन्धकारागमे
निर्वाते व्यजनं मदान्धकरिणां दर्पोपशान्त्यै सृणिः।
इत्थं तद्भुवि नास्ति यस्य विधिना नोपायचिन्ता कृता
मन्ये दुर्जनचित्तवृत्तिहरणे धातापि भग्नोद्यमः॥१२४॥
संजीवकः पुनर्निःश्वस्य कष्टं **^(२)**भोः। कथमहं **^(३)**सस्यभक्षकः सिंहेन निपातयितव्यः। यतः।
^(४)द्वयोरेव समं वित्तं द्वयोरेव समं बलम्।
तयोर्विवादो मन्तव्यो नोत्तमाधमयोः क्वचित्॥१२५॥
पुनर्विचिंत्य। **^(५)**केनायं राजा ममोपरि विकारितो न जाने।
भेदमुपगताद्रा**^(६)**ज्ञः सदा भेतव्यम्। यतः।
^(७)मन्त्रिणा पृथिवीपालचित्तं विघटितं क्वचित्।
बलयं स्फटिकस्येव को हि संघातमीश्वरः॥१२६॥
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** १** The boat is made for crossing the impassable ocean, the lamp is (a provision) against darkness, the fan is made for use in a place without breezes, and the goad is made for checking the wildness of elephants blinded by rut. In this way, there is nothing in this world for which no remedy is provided by the creator, but I think even the creator is baffled in his attempts in the matters changing the impulses of a wicked man. दुस्तरवारिराशेः तरणे ष० त० अंधकारागमे—अंधकारस्य आगमे ष० त० ; दर्पोपशांत्ये ष० त०; दुर्जनचित्तंवृत्तिहरणे–दुर्जनानां चित्तवृत्तेः हरणे ष० त० ; भग्नोद्यमः (ब०) भगः उद्यमः यस्य २ Alas! oh! ३ Graminivorous सस्यं भक्षयतीति उप० ४ That alone is a dispute worth the name which takes place between those two whose wealth is equal, and between those whose strength is equal and not that which takes place between the highest and the lowest. उत्तमाध- मयोः—उत्तमश्च अधमश्च उत्तमाधमौ तयोः उत्तमाधमयोः५ I do not know who has poisoned the king’s mind against me. ६ From him whose mind has undergone some change. ७ Who is able to restore to reason the mind of the king estranged by a minister like a wristlet of orystal?.
अन्यच्च।
^(१)वज्रं च राजतेजश्च द्वयमेवातिभीषणम्।
एकमेकत्र पतति पतत्यन्यत्समन्ततः॥१२७॥
ततः संग्रामे मृत्युरेव वरम्। इदानीं **^(२)**तदाज्ञानुवर्तनमयुक्तम्। यतः।
^(३)मृतः प्राप्नोति वा स्वर्गंशत्रुं हत्वा सुखानि वा।
उभावपि हि शूराणां गुणावेत्तौ सुदुर्लभौ॥१२८॥
युद्धकालश्चायम्।
^(४)यत्रायुद्धे ध्रुवं मृत्युर्युद्धे जीवितसंशयः।
तमेव कालं युद्धस्य प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः॥१२९॥
यतः।
^(५)अयुद्धे हि यदा पश्येन्न किंचिद्धितमात्मनः।
युध्यमानस्तदा प्राज्ञो म्रियते रिपुणा सह॥१३०॥
^(६)जये च लभते लक्ष्मीं मृतेनापि सुराङ्गनाम्।
क्षणविध्वंसिनाः कायाः का चिन्ता मरणे रणे॥१३१॥
एतच्चिन्तयित्वा संजीवक आह। भो मित्र कथमसौ मां जि**^(७)**घासुज्ञीतव्यः। दमनको ब्रूते। यदासौ पिङ्गलकः **^(८)**समुन्नतलाङ्गूल
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** १** The thunderbolt and royal lustre are both very terrible; one of them (thunderbolt) falls in one place while the other falls all round. २ Following his orders or commands. ३ If a person dies (in battle) he obtains heaven, or if he kills the enemy he gets happiness, both these qualities of the brave are hard to meet with.४ When in the absence of a fight death is certain, and there is danger to life in fighting, that time, say the wise, is the time for fighting. ५ When a wise man sees no benefit to himself in not fighting, he dies fighting with his enemy. ६ In case of victory one obtains prosperity and in case of death, one obtains a heavenly nymph. The bodies are perishable in a moment; what anxiety should there be then in dying in battle? ७ Desirous of killing. Desiderative adjective from हन् 2 P. ८ Having the tail erect. समुन्नतं लांगूलं यस्य ( ब०)
उन्नतच**^(१)रणो वि^(२)**वृतास्यस्त्वां पश्यति त्वमेव स्वविक्रमं दर्शयिष्यसि। यतः।
^(३)बलवानपि निस्तेजाः कस्य नाभिभवास्पदम्।
निःशङ्कं दीयते लोकैः पश्य भस्मचये पदम्॥१३२॥
किंतु सर्वमेतत्सु**^(४)गुप्तमनुष्ठातव्यम्।^(५)नो चेन्न त्वं नाहम्। इत्युक्त्वा दमनकः करटकसमीपं गतः। करटकेनोक्तम्। किं निष्पन्नम्।दमनके नोक्तम्।निष्पन्नोसावन्यो^(६)**न्यभेदः। करटको ब्रूते। कोत्र संदेहः यतः।
^(७)बन्धुः को नाम दुष्टानां कुप्यते को न याचितः
को न दृप्यति वित्तेन कुकृत्ये को न पण्डितः॥१३३॥
अन्यच्च।
^(८)दुर्वृत्तः क्रियते धूर्तैः श्रीमानात्मविवृद्धये।
किं नाम खलसंसर्गः कुरुते नाश्रयाशवत्॥१३४॥
ततो दमनकः पिङ्गलकसमीपं गत्वा देव समागतोसौ पापा**^(९)शयः। ततः सज्जीभूय स्थीयताम्। इत्युक्त्वा पूर्वो^(१०)**क्तकारं कारयामास।सं-
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१ With the paws up-lifted. ब२With the mouth or jaws open.३ To whom is not a person though powerful yet void of lustre, an object of contempt ? Behold ! the foot is placed · by people without any hesitation on a heap of ashes. ४ Very secretly. ५ Otherwise, neither you nor I, that is, we thall both perish (at the hands of the lion). ६ Mutual breach (the breach betweon the lion and the bull). ७ Who indeed is friendly to the wicked? Who does not get angry when asked for a thing? Who does not get proud by obtaining wealth, and who is not clever in doing an evil deed ? ८A rich person is led into bad ways by the cunning for their own aggrandizement; what (destruction) does not the contact with the wicked do like fire (आश्रयाश) दुर्वृत्तः क्रियते. Is made ill-behaved. आश्रयाशः—आश्रयं आश्रातीति उपपद० ९ Of evil intentions. पापः आशयः यस्य ब०. १० With appearance as already described, viz., समुन्नतलांगूल &c…….. स्य
जीवकोप्यागत्य तथाविधं विकृताका**^(१)**रं सिंहं दृष्ट्वा **^(२)**स्वानुरूपं विक्रमं चकार। ततस्तयोर्युद्धे संजीवकः सिंहेन व्यापादितः।
अथ संजीवकं सेवकं पिङ्गलको व्यापाद्य **^(३)**विश्रान्तः सशोक इव तिष्ठति। ब्रूते च किं मया दारुणं कर्म कृतम्। यतः।
^(४)परैः संभुज्यते राज्यं स्वयं पापस्य भाजनम्।
धर्मातिक्रमतो राजा सिंहो हस्तिवथादिव॥१३५॥
अपरं च।
^(५)भूम्येकदेशस्य गुणान्वितस्य
भृत्यस्य वा बुद्धिमतः प्रणाशः।
भृत्यप्रणाशो मरणं नृपाणां
नष्टापि भूमिः सुलभा न भृत्याः॥१३६॥
दमनको ब्रूते। स्वामिन् कोयं नू**^(६)**तनो न्यायो यदरातिं हत्वा संतापः क्रियते। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(७)पिता वायदि वा भ्राता पुत्रो वा यदि वा सुहृत्।
प्राणच्छेदकरा राज्ञा हन्तव्या भूतिमिच्छता॥१३७॥
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** १** Changed in appearance विकृतः आकारः यस्य. ब० २ Befitting himself, worthy of himself. ३ When at ease. ४The kingdom (of a king) is enjoyed by others, while the king himself is an abode of sin through the transgression of his duty, as is the lion by the killing of an elephant. धर्मातिक्रमतः ष० त०. ५ Of the two things—viz the loss of a part of one’s country or that of a meritorious and talented servant, the latter is death itself to kings; for land though lost is easily obtained but not a servant भूम्येकदेशस्य ( ष० त०) भूमेः एकदेशस्य गुणान्वितस्य तृ० त० qualifying भृत्यस्य ६ Strange, novel, now. ७ A king who wishes his welfare should kill. him who is ready to take his life—be he either father, brotḥer, son or friond, प्राणच्छेदकराः—प्राणानां च्छेदं कुर्वंति तेउपपद
अपि च।
^(१)धर्मार्थकामतत्त्वज्ञो नैकान्तकरुणो भवेत्।
नहि हस्तस्थमप्यन्नं क्षमावाम्भक्षितुं क्षमः॥१३८॥
किं च।
^(२)क्षमा शत्रौ च मित्रे च यतीनामेव भूषणम्।
अपराधिषु सत्त्वेषु नृपाणां सैव दूषणम्॥१३९॥
अपरं च।
^(३)राज्यलोभादहंकारादिच्छतः स्वामिनः पदम्।
प्रायश्चित्तं तु तस्यैकं जीवोत्सर्गो न चापरम्॥१४०॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)राजा घृणी ब्राह्मणः सर्वभक्षः
स्त्री चावशा दुष्प्रकृतिः सहायः।
प्रेष्यः प्रतीपोधिकृतः प्रमादी
त्याज्या इमे यश्चकृतं न वेत्ति॥१४१॥
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** १** He who knows the essence of religion, wealth and love, should not be exclusively compassionate; for one who is full of forbearance is not able to eat even that food which is actually in his hand. धर्मार्थकामतत्वज्ञः—धर्मार्थकामानां तत्वं जानातीति उपपद एकान्त means invariably and henceexclusively.हस्तस्थ (स० त०) हस्ते स्थितं. २ Showing forgiveness to both enemies and friends is an ornament only to ascetics, while the same becomes a fault when shown by. kings to those who have committed offences. ३ There is only one atonement for the offence of that servant who through a desire of royalty and pride, wishes to usurp the dignity of his master, viz., the giving up of life and no other. जीवोत्सर्गः ष० त०.४ A merciful king, an all-eating Bráhmana, a wife not under proper control, a friend of a wicked disposition, a servant going against the wishes of. his master, a careless officer — these should be abandoned. as also he who is ungrateful (lit. he who does not know. what is done ). घृणीं—घृणा यस्य विद्यते सः प्रतीप oross, opposed–from प्रति and अप्–against the current of water and hence, cross or opposed.
विशेषतश्च।**^(१)**सत्यानृता च परुषा प्रियवादिनी च
हिंस्रा दयालुरपि चार्थपरा वदान्या।
नित्यव्यया प्रचुररत्नधनागमा च।
वाराङ्गनेव नृपनीतिरनेकरूपा॥१४२॥
इति दमनकेन संतोषितः पिङ्गलकः स्वां **^(२)**प्रकृतिमापन्नः सिंहासने समुपविष्टः। दमनकः प्रहृष्टमनाः विजयतां महाराजः। शुभमस्तु सर्वजगताम् इत्युक्त्वा **^(३)**यथासुखमवस्थितः॥
विष्णुशर्मोवाच। सुहृद्भेदः श्रुतस्तावद्भवद्भिः। राजपुत्रा ऊचुः। भवत्प्रसादाच्छ्रुतः। सुखिनो भूता वयम्। विष्णुशर्माब्रवीत्। अपरमपीदम**^(४)**स्तु।
^(५)सुहृद्भेदस्तावद्भवतु भवतां शत्रुनिलये
खलः कालाकृष्टः प्रलयमुपसर्पत्वहरहः।
जनो नित्यं भूयात्सकलसुखसंपत्तिवसतिः
कथारम्भे रम्ये सततमिह बालोपि रमताम्॥१४३॥
**^(६)इति हितोपदेशे सुहृद्भेदो नाम द्वितीयः कथासंग्रहः समाप्तः। **
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** १** True and false, harsh and sweet-speaking, cruel and merciful, greedy and bountiful, always spending and also obtaining wealth in large quantities-thus royal policy is of various forms like a harlot. अर्थपरा (ब.) अर्थः परं (प्रधानं) यस्याः साः; नित्यव्यया (ब.) नित्यं व्ययः यस्याः साः प्रचुररत्न धनागमा-प्रचूररत्नानां धनस्य च आगमः यस्या सा, ब. २ Restored to his own self, become himself again.३ At his ease. ४ Let there be this in addition. ५ Let सुहृद्भेदthere be in the houses of your enemies let the wicked being attacked by death, be destroyed from, day to day; let people be the recipients of every kind of happiness and prosperity, and let even children ever feel delight in these pleasant stories. ६ Thus ends the 2nd collection of stories in Hitoadesha called, सुहृद्भेद (breach of friendship or separation of friends).
॥विग्रहः॥
पुनः कथारम्भकाले राजपुत्रा ऊचुः। आर्य राजपुत्रावयम्। तद्वि**^(१)ग्रहं श्रोतुं नः कु^(२)**तूहलमस्ति। विष्णुशर्मणोक्तम्। यदेवं **^(३)**भवद्भ्योरोचते कथयामि। विग्रहः श्रूयतां यस्यायमाद्यः श्लोकः।
^(४)हंसैः सह मयूराणां विग्रहे तुल्यविक्रमे।
विश्वास्य वञ्चिता हंसाः काकैः स्थित्वारिमन्दिरे॥१॥
राजपुत्रा ऊचुः। कथमेतत्। विष्णुशर्मा कथयति।
अस्ति कर्पूरद्वीपे पद्मकेलि**^(५)नामधेयं सरः। तत्र हिरण्यगर्भो नाम राजहंसः प्रतिवसति। स च सर्वैर्जलचर^(६)**पक्षिभिर्मिलित्वा **^(७)**पक्षिराज्येभिषिक्तः। यतः। '
^(८)यदि न स्यान्नरपतिः सम्यङ्नेता ततः प्रजा।
अकर्णधारा जलधौविप्लवेतेह नौरिव॥२॥
अपरं च।
^(९)प्रजां संरक्षति नृपः सा वर्धयति पार्थिवम्।
वर्धनाद्रक्षणं श्रेयस्तदभावे सदप्यसत्॥३॥
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** १** Hostility, war. २ Curiosity. ३ If you so like (it). ४ In the dispute between swans and peacocks which was marked by equality of valour or in which the parties were equally matched or in which equal valour was displayed, the swans being raised in their hopes were deceived by crows remaining in the abode of the enemy तुल्यविक्रमे ( ब०) तुल्यः विक्रमः यस्मिन् विश्वास्य caus. absolutive from श्वस् 2 P. with वि ५The sport of lotuses ( the lake being so-called ) पद्मानां केलिः ष० त० ६ By the birds living in water. जलचरैः पक्षिभिः कर्म.. ७ In the sovereignty of birds ; as king of birds. पक्षिणां राज्ये. ८ If there were no king to guide (the subjects) properly, the subjects would be drowned in this worldly ocean like, a boat without the helmsman. अकर्णधारा—नास्ति कर्णधारः यस्याः सा (ब०). ९ The king protects the subjects and the subjects support the king; protection is superior to support (वर्धनात्) in its absence, everything that exists, is destroyed (*lit.*that which exi-ts is not) तदभावे = तस्य (रक्षणस्य अभावे ष० त०.
एकदासौ राजहंसः सुविस्तीर्णकमलपर्यङ्के**^(१)सुखासीनः परि^(२)**वारपरिवृतस्तिष्ठति। ततः **^(३)कुतश्चिद्देशादागत्य दीर्घ^(४)मुखो नाम बकः प्रणम्योपविष्टः। राजोवाच। दीर्घमुख देशान्तरा^(५)**दागतोसि। वार्तां कथय। स ब्रूते। देव अस्ति **^(६)महती वार्ता। तां वक्तुं सत्वरमागतोहम्। श्रूयताम्। अस्ति ज^(७)म्बुद्वीपे विन्ध्यो नाम गिरिः। तत्र चित्र^(८)वर्णो नाम मयूरः पक्षिराजो निवसति। तस्यानुचरैश्च^(९)रद्भिः पक्षिभिरहं दग्धारण्यमध्ये चरन्नवलोकितः पृष्टश्चकस्त्वम्। कुतः समागतोसि। तदा मयोक्तम्। कर्पूरद्वीपस्य राजचक्र^(१०)वर्तिनो हिरण्यगर्भस्य राजहंसस्यानुचरोहम्। कौतुकाद्देशान्तरं द्रष्टुमागतोस्मि। एतच्छ्रुत्वा पक्षिभिरुक्तम्। अनयोर्देशयोः को देशो^(११)भद्रतरो राजा च। मयोक्तम्। आः किमेवमुच्यते। महदन्तरम्। यतः कर्पूरद्वीपः^(१२)**स्वर्ग एव राजहंसश्चद्वितीयः स्वर्गपतिः। अत्र **^(१३)**मरुस्थले पतिता यूयं किं कुरुथ। अस्मद्देशे गम्यताम्। ततोस्मद्वचनमाकर्ण्य सर्वे सकोपा बभ्रुवुः।
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(१४)पयःपानं भुजंगानां केवलं विषवर्धनम्।
उपदेशो हि मूर्खाणां प्रकोपाय न शान्तये॥४॥
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** १** Sitting at ease on a lotus-couch which was very extensive. सुविस्तीर्णे कमलपर्यंके. कर्म. २ Surrounded by his .retinue.परिवारेण परिवृतः तृ. त. ३ From some country. ४ .Having a long mouth or beak. ५ From another country. अन्यस्मात् देशात्=देशांतरात्. ६ Important, grave. ७ It is the name of one of the seven continents surrounding the mountain Moru. ८ Of variegated colours. चित्राः वर्णाः यस्य ९ Flying or hovering about. १० Of him who is supreme over all kings. राज्ञां चक्रं=राजचक्रं, तस्मिन् वर्तते इति=राजचकवर्तिन्. ११ Of these two countries which is better ? १२ Karpùradvîpa is heaven itself.१३ A barren tract of land.१४ The drinking of milk by the serpents only increases their poison; for the advice given to fools leads to their anger and not pacification..
अन्यच्च।
^(१)विद्वानेवोपदेष्टव्यो नाविद्वांस्तु कदाचन।
वानरानुपदिश्याथ स्थानभ्रष्टा ययुः खगाः॥५॥
राजोवाच। कथमेतत्। दीर्घमुखः कथयति।
॥कथा १॥
अस्ति नर्मदातीरे विशालः शाल्मलीतरुः। तत्र निर्मि**^(२)तनीडक्रोडे पक्षिणो निवसन्ति सुखेन। अथैकदा^(३)** वर्षासु नीलपटलै**^(४)**रावृते नभस्तले **^(५)धारासारैर्महती वृष्टिर्बभूव। ततो वानरांश्च तरुतलेवस्थिताञ्शी- ता^(६)**कुलान्कम्पमानानवलोक्य कृपया पक्षिभिरुक्तम्। भो भो वानराः शृणुत।
^(७)अस्माभिर्निर्मिता नीडाश्चञ्चुमात्राहृतैस्तृणैः।
हस्तपादादिसंयुक्ता यूयं किमिति सीदथ॥६॥
तछ्रुत्वा वानरैर्जाता**^(८)मर्षैरालोचितम्। अहो नि^(९)**र्वातनीडगर्भावस्थिताः
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** १** A learned person should alone be advised and never an illiterate one; by advising monkeys, birds were deprived of their place of residence by the monkeys. २ In the hollow of the tree in which the nests of birds were constructed. निर्मितानि नीडानि यस्मिन् सः निर्मितनीड**:** ३ In the rainy season. The word is always used in the plural. ४ The expanse of the sky being covered by blue clouds.५ By the showers of rain. धाराणां आसौरः ष त. ६ Afflicted by, or suffering from cold.७ Nests have been constructed by us with grass brought only in the beaks; why do you who are endowed. with hands and feet suffer thus (from cold)? हस्तपादादिसंयुक्ताः =हस्तपादादिभिः संयुक्ताः तृ. त. ८ Whose anger was excited- जातः आमर्षः येषां तैः व.. ९ Being in the interior of the nests free from wind &c. निर्वातस्य नीडस्य गर्भे अवस्थिताः स. त.
सुखिनः पक्षिणोस्मान्निन्दन्ति। भवतु **^(१)तावदृष्टेरुपशमेः। अनन्तरं शान्ते पानी^(२)यवर्षे तैर्वानरैर्वृक्षमारुह्य सर्वे नीडा भग्नास्तेषामण्डानि चाधः पातितानि। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। विद्वानेयोपदेष्टव्यः इत्यादि॥ राजोवाच। ततस्तैः किं कृतम्। बकःकथयति। ततस्तैः पक्षिभिः कोपादुक्तम्। केनासौ राजहंसो राजा कृतः। ततो मयो^(३)पजातकोपेनोक्तम्। युष्मदीयमयूरः केन राजा कृतः। एतच्छ्रुत्वा ते सर्वे मां हन्तुमुद्य^(४)**ताः। ततो मयापि स्वविक्रमो दर्शितः। यतः।
^(५)अन्यदा भूषणं पुंसां क्षमा लज्जेव योषिताम्।
पराक्रमः परिभवे वैयात्यं सुरतेष्विव॥ ७॥
राजा विहस्याह।
^(६)आत्मनश्च परेषां च यः समीक्ष्य बलाबलम्।
अन्तरं नैव जानाति स तिरस्क्रियतेरिभिः॥८॥
अन्यच्च।
^(७)सुचिरं हि चरन्नित्यं क्षेत्रे सस्यमबुद्धिमान्।
द्वीपिचर्मपरिच्छन्नो वाग्दोषाद्गर्दभो हतः॥९॥
बकः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। राजा कथयति।
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** १** Let the downpour of rain cease. २ The showering of water. ३ He whose anger was excited. ४ Became ready.५ At times other than those of fighting forgiveness is an ornament to men as modesty to women, but valour is an ornament to men when a wrong is to be avenged, as boldness is an ornament to women at the time of sexual intercourse. वैयात्यं abstract noun from वियत.६ He who does not ascertain the difference between himself and others by comparing the strength and weakness of himself with those of others, is despised by enemies.७ A stupid ass always eating the corn in a field for a long time and covered with the skin of a panther was killed through the fault of his voice (through his braying); अबुद्धिमान् unintelligent and hence, foolish, stupid द्वीपिचर्मपरिच्छन्नः–द्वीपिनः चर्मणा परिच्छन्नः तृ० त० ; वाग्दोषात् ष० त०..
॥कथा २॥
अस्ति हस्तिनापुरे विलासो नाम रजकः। तस्य गर्दभोतिवा**^(१)**ह नाद्दुर्बलो मुमूर्षुरिवाभवत्। ततस्तेन रजकेनासौ व्याघ्रचर्मणा प्रच्छाद्यारण्यसमीपे सस्यक्षेत्रे **^(२)**नियुक्तः। ततो दूरात्तमवलोक्य **^(३)व्याघ्रबुद्ध्या क्षेत्रपतयः सत्वरं पलायन्ते। अथैकदा केनापि स^(४)स्यरक्षकेण धूसर^(५)कम्बलकृततनुत्राणेन धनुःका^(६)ण्डं सज्जीकृत्या^(७)नतकायेनैकान्ते स्थितम्। तं च दूराद्दृष्ट्वा गर्दभः पुष्टाङ्गो यथेष्टसस्य^(८)**भक्षणजातबलो गर्दभोयमिति मत्वोच्चैः शब्दं कुर्वाणस्तदभिमुखं **^(९)धावितः। सस्यरक्षकेण चीत्कारश^(१०)ब्दान्निश्चित्य गर्दभोयमिति ली^(११)**लयैव व्यापादितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। सुचिरं हि चरन्नित्यम् इत्यादि॥ दीर्घमुखो ब्रूते। ततः पक्षिभिरुक्तम्। अरे पाप दुष्ट बक अस्माकं भूमौ चरन्नस्माकं स्वामिन **^(१२)मधिक्षिपसि तन्न क्षन्तव्यमिदानीम्। इत्युक्त्वा सर्वे मां चञ्चुभिर्ह^(१३)**त्वसकोपा ऊचुः। पश्य रे मूर्ख स हंसस्तव राजा सर्वथा **^(१४)मृदुः। तस्य राज्याधिकारो नास्ति। यत ए^(१५)कान्तमृदुः करतल^(१६)स्थमप्यर्थं रक्षितुमक्षमः। स कथं पृथिवीं शास्ति राज्यं वा तस्य कि^(१७)म्। किंतु त्वं च कूप^(१८)मण्डूकः। तेन तदाश्र^(१९)**यमुपदिशसि। शृणु।
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** १** Through overburden. २ Was let loose in a corn-field. ३ Taking it to be a tiger ( lit. through the thought of & biger ). ४ Protector of corn. ५Who had protected his body by means of a brown blanket. धूसरकंबलेन कृतं तनुत्राणं येन बः. ६ A bow and arrow. ७With the body bent down. आनतः कायः यस्य तेन ब०. ८ Who had acquired much strength by feeding on corn at his pleasure. यथेष्टसस्यस्य भक्षणेन जातं बलं यस्य ब०. ९ Ran towards him. तदभिमुखम् (ष० त०) तस्याभिमुखम् १० Through the soundbraying. ११ With ease, easily. १२ Revile, reproach. १३ Having struck, or beaten १४ Mild, meek, gentle. १५ Invariably mild. १६ Wealth although lying on the palm of the hand. १७ What sort of sovereignty can he possibly possess?१८A frog in the well (lit.), an inexperienced person who never leaves home(fig.). १९ Youadvise others to take shelter with him.
^(१)सेवितव्यो महावृक्षः फलच्छायासमन्वितः।
यदि दैवात्फलं नास्तिच्छाया केन निवार्यते॥१०॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)हीनसेवा न कर्तव्या कर्तव्यो महदाश्रयः।
पयोपि शौण्डिकीहस्ते वारुणीत्यभिधीयते॥११॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)महानप्यल्पतां याति निर्गुणे गुणविस्तरः।
आधाराधेयभावेन गजेन्द्र इव दर्पणे॥१२॥
विशेषतश्च।
^(४)व्यपदेशेषि सिद्धिः स्यादतिशक्ते नराधिपे।
शशिनो व्यपदेशेन शशकाः सुखमासते॥१३॥
मयोक्तम्। कथमेतत्। पक्षिणः कथयन्ति।
॥कथा ३॥
कदाचिदपि वर्षासु वृष्टेरभावात्तृषार्तो गजयूथो यूथपतिमाह। नाथ कोभ्यु**^(५)पायोस्माकं जीवनाय। नास्ति क्षुद्रजन्तूनां नि^(६)मज्जनस्थानम्। वयं च निमज्ज^(७)नस्थानाभावान्मृतार्हा^(८)** इव। किं कुर्मः। क्व यामः।
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१ A large tree full of fruits and shade should be resorted to ; if unfortunately, there be no fruits, who can prevent the shade from being enjoyed. फलच्छायासमन्वितः (तृ. त.) फलच्छायाभ्यां समन्वितः २ A low person should not be served and a great person should be resorted to; even milk when in the hands of aशौंडिकी (a female distiller and seller of spirituous liquors) is said to be ( considered to be ) wine. महदाश्रयः (स. त.) महतां आश्रयः ३ Even a great man becomes insignificant, and there is the increase of virtues in one who is void of them, like an elephant in a mirror by the rule of the receiver and the received ( आधार, आधेय ). आधाराधेयभावेन–आधाराधेययोः भावेन ष. त. ४ When a king is very powerful, even his personation gives success; the hares lived happily by feigning to be the servants of the moon. ५ Remedy, means. ६There is no place where even little animals can bathe, much less big ones like us. ७ For want of a bathing place. ८ About to die.
ततो हस्तिराजो नातिदूरं गत्वा निर्मलं हृदं दर्शितवान्। ततो दिनेषु गच्छत्सु तत्ती**^(१)रावस्थिता गजपा^(२)दाहतिभिश्चूर्णिताः क्षुद्रशशकाः। अनन्तरं शिलीमुखो नाम शशकश्चिन्तयामास। अनेन गजयूथेन पिपासाकुलितेन^(३)** प्रत्यहमत्रागन्तव्यम्। अतो विनश्यत्यस्मत्कुलम्। ततो विजयो नाम वृद्धशशकोवदत्। मा विषीदत। **^(४)**मयात्र प्रतीकारः कर्तव्यः। ततोसौ प्रतिज्ञाय चलितः। गच्छता च तेनालोचितम्। कथं गजयूथसमीपे स्थित्वा वक्तव्यम्। यतः ।
^(५)स्पृशन्नपि गजो हन्ति जिघ्रन्नपि भुजंगमः।
पालयन्नपि भूपालः प्रहसन्नपि दुर्जनः॥१४॥
अतोहं पर्वतशिखरमारुह्य यूथनाथं संवादया**^(६)**मि। **^(७)**तथानुष्ठिते यूथनाथ उवाच। कस्त्वम्। कुतः समायातः। स ब्रूते। शशकोहम् भगवत चन्द्रेण **^(८)**भवदन्तिकं प्रेषितः। यूथपतिराह। कार्यमुच्यताम्। विजयो ब्रूते।
^(९)उद्यतेष्वपि शस्त्रेषु दूतो वदति नान्यथा।
सदैवावध्यभावेन यथार्थस्य हि वाचकः॥१५॥
तदहं तदाज्ञया ब्रवीमि। शृणु। यदेते चन्द्रसरो**^(१०)रक्षकाः शशकास्त्वया निःसारि^(११)**तास्तदनुचितं कृतम्। ते शशकाश्चिरमस्माकं रक्षिताः।
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** १** Living along the bank of the lake २ By the strokes of the elephant’s feet. गजपादानां अ हतिभिः ष. त. ३ Is sure to come here every day.४ I shall apply a remedy here. ५ An elephant kills by his mere touch, a cobra by his mere breath, a king by the very act of protection and a wicked man by his mere smiles. जिघ्रन् Pre. P. of घ्रा1 P. ६ Address, speak to. ७ That being so done, viz, he having ascended the top of the.mountain. ८ Near you, to you. ९ Even if weapons are raised (to strike), a messenger does not speak what is untrue (lit. otherwise), and he is always the speaker of what is true through the nature of his position of not being killed. उद्यत P. P. of यम् 1 P. with उद्. अवध्यभावेन ( कर्म. ) अवध्येन भावेन. १० The guardians of the moon-lake. ११ Have been removed.
अत एव मे शशा**^(१)**ङ्कः इति प्रसिद्धिः। एवमुक्तवति दूते यूथपतिर्भयादिदमाह। **^(२)**प्रणिधेहि। इदमज्ञानतः कृतम्। पुनर्न कर्तव्यम्। दूत उवाच। यद्येवं तदत्र सरसि कोपात्कम्पमानं भगवन्तं शशाङ्कं प्रणम्य **^(३)प्रसाद्य गच्छ। ततो रात्रौ यूथपतिं नीत्वा जले चञ्चलं चन्द्रबिम्बं दर्शयित्वा यूथपतिः प्रणामं का^(४)**रितः। उक्तं च तेन। देव अज्ञानादनेनापराधः कृतः ततः क्षम्यताम्। नैवं **^(५)**वारान्तरं विधास्यते। इत्युक्त्वा प्रस्थापितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। व्यपदेशेपि सिद्धिः स्यात् इति। ततो मयोक्तम्। स एवास्मत्प्रभू राजहंसो **^(६)महाप्रतापोतिसमर्थः त्रै^(७)**लोक्यस्यापि प्रभुत्वं तत्र युज्यते किं पुना राज्यम् इति। तदाहं तैः पक्षिभिर्दुष्ट कथमस्मद्भूमौ चरसीत्यभिधाय राज्ञश्चित्रवर्णस्य समीपं नीतः। ततो राज्ञः पुरो **^(८)**मां प्रदर्श्य तैः प्रणम्योक्तम्। देव **^(९)अवधीयतामेषदुष्टो बको यदस्मद्देशे चरन्नपि देवपादानधिक्षिपति। राजाह। कोयम्। कुतः समायातः। त ऊचुः। हिरण्यगर्भनाम्नो राजहंसस्यानु^(१०)चरः कर्पूरद्वीपादागतः। अथाहं गृध्रेण मन्त्रिणा पृष्टः। कस्तत्र मुख्यो मन्त्रीति। मयोक्तम्। सर्वशास्त्रार्थ^(११)पारगः सर्वज्ञो नाम चक्रवाकः गृध्रो ब्रूते। युज्यते स्वदे^(१२)**शजोसौ। यतः।
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** १** The moons. २ Here प्रणिधेहि has no sense–another reading is better. ३ Having propitiated; absolutive of सद 1 P. with प्र causal४ Was made to salute. ५Another time. अन्यः वारः वारान्तरं कर्म. ६ Very justrous. ७ Even the lordship of the three worlds becomes him, then what of a single kingdom. किंपुनर् means–how much more or how much less, like किमु or किमुत already explained. ८ Having shown me or introduced me.९ Please attend, let attention to what we say be paid. Imperative 3rd P. Sing. of the Passive of धा with अब 3 P and A १० Servant, follower. ११ Who has gone beyond all sciences, that is, who has mastered al sciences. १२ Born in his country. स्वदेशे जातः स० त०.
^(१)स्वदेशजं कुलाचारं विशुद्धमथवा शुचिम्।
मन्त्रज्ञमव्यसनिनं व्यभिचारविवर्जितम्॥१६॥
अधीतव्यवहारार्थं मौलं ख्यातं विपश्चितम्।
अर्थस्योत्पादकं चैव विदध्यान्मन्त्रिणं नृपः॥१७॥
अत्रान्तरे शुकेनोक्तम्। देव कर्पूरद्वीपादयो लघुद्वीपा ^(२)जम्बुद्वीपान्तर्गता एव। तत्रापि^(३) देवपादानामेवाधिपत्यम्। ततो राज्ञाप्युक्तम्। एवमेव। यतः।
^(४)राजा मत्तः शिशुश्चैव प्रमादी घनगर्वितः।
अप्राप्यमपि वाञ्छन्ति किं पुनर्लभ्यतेपि यत्॥१८॥
ततो मयोक्तम्। **^(५)**यदि वचनमात्रेणैवाधिपत्यं सिद्ध्यति तदा जम्बुद्वीपेप्यस्मत्प्रभोहिरण्यगर्भस्य स्वाम्यमस्ति। शुको ब्रूते। कथमत्र निर्णयः। मयोक्तम्। सङ्ग्राम एव। राज्ञा विहस्योक्तम्। स्वस्वामिनं गत्वा सज्जीकुरु। तदा मयोक्तम्। स्वदूतोपि प्रस्थाप्यताम्। राजोवाच। **^(६)**कः प्रयास्यति दौत्येन। यत **^(७)**एवंभूतो दूतः कार्यः॥
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** १** A king should make that his minister who is born in his country, who is hereditary, very pure or pious, versed in the Vedic verses or in counselling, not addicted to any vices, free from the sin of adultery, conversant with the ways of the world, foremost, famous, learned and the producer of wealth. व्यभिचारविवर्जित तृ. त., अधीतव्यवहारार्थम् (ब.) अधीतः व्यवहारार्थः येन. Here कुलाचारे for कुलाचारं gives better sense, as कुलाचारे is to be taken with विशुद्धम् and meaning pure in family practices. २Are comprehended or included in Jambudvipa. ३There too, your majesty is supreme. ४A king, one who is intoxicated, a child, a careless person and one who is proud of his wealth-wish for that which is not obtainable–how much more then do they do for that which can be obtained. धनगर्वितः पं. त. or (तृ. त.) धनात् धनेन वा गर्वितः.५If sovereignty is proved by mere words &c. ६ Who goes as an emissary? Who is willing to undertake the office of an emissary? ७Of such a nature.
^(१)भक्तोगुणी शुचिर्दक्षः प्रगल्भोव्यसनी क्षमी।
ब्राह्मणः परमर्मज्ञो दूतः स्यात्प्रतिभाववान्॥१९॥
गृध्रो वदति। सन्त्येव दूता बहवः। किंतु ब्राह्मण एव कर्तव्यः। यतः।
^(२)प्रसाद कुरुते पत्युः संपत्तिं नाभिवाञ्छति।
कालिमा कालकूटस्यनापैतीश्वरसंगमात्॥२०॥
राजाह। ततः शुक एव व्रजतु। शुक त्वमेवानेन सह गत्वास्मदभिलषितं ब्रूहि। शुको ब्रूते। यथाज्ञापयति देवः। किंत्वयं दुर्जनो बकः। तदनेन सह न गच्छामि। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(३)खलः करोति दुर्वृत्तं नूनं फलति साधुषु।
दशाननोहरत्सीतां बन्धनं स्यान्महोदधेः॥२१॥
अपरं च।
^(४)न स्थातव्यं न गन्तव्यं दुर्जनेन समं क्वचित्।
काकसङ्गाद्धतो हंसस्तिष्ठन्गच्छंश्च वर्तकः॥२२॥
राजोवाच। कथमेतत्। शुकः कथयति।
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** १** A messenger should be devoted, virtuous, pure, vigilant, bold, free from vices, forgiving, a Bráhman, knowing the secrets or defects of others and of a corresponding disposition (प्रतिभाववान् ). Another reading for प्रतिभाववान् is प्रतिभान- वान् intelligent. परमर्मज्ञ—परमर्म जानातीति उपपद २ He pleases the lord and never wishes for wealth. The blackness of the deadly poison never goes away even by its contact with Isvara (Siva). The meaning seems to be that as blackness never leaves the deadly poison, so goodness or devotedness never leaves a Bráhman. ३ A wicked person commits a misdeed while its fruit is suffered by the good; Rávana carried away Sitá, while the great ocean suffered confinement (bridging) Here स्यात् = आसात् ४ One should never live or go together with a wicked person, a swan who was sitting quiet was killed through his contact with a crow, and Vartaka who was going (also suffered).
॥कथा ४॥
अस्त्युज्जयिनी**^(१)वर्त्मप्रान्तरे प्लक्ष^(२)**तरुः। तत्र हंसकाकौ निवसतः। कदाचिद्ग्रीष्मसमये **^(३)परिश्रान्तः कश्चित्पथिकस्तत्र तरुतले धनुःकाण्डं संनिधाय सुप्तः। तत्र क्षणान्तरे तन्मुखाद्वृक्षच्छायाप^(४)**गता। ततः सूर्यतेजसा तन्मुखं **^(५)व्याप्तमवलोक्य तद्वृक्षस्थितेन हंसेन कृपया पक्षौ प्रसार्य पुनस्तन्मुखे छाया कृता। ततो निर्भरनि^(६)**द्रासुखिना तेन मुखव्यादानं कृतम। अथ **^(८)परसुखभसहिष्णुः स्व^(९)भावदौर्जन्येन स काक- स्तस्य मुखे पुरीषो^(१०)**त्सर्गं कृत्वा पलायितः। ततो यावदसौ पान्थ उत्थायोर्ध्वं निरीक्षते तावत्तेनावलोकितो हंसः **^(११)**काण्डेन हतो व्यापादितः॥ **^(१२)**वर्तककथामपि कथयामि।
॥कथा ५॥
एकदा भगवतो गरु**^(१३)डस्य यात्राप्रसङ्गेन सर्वे पक्षिणः समुद्रतीरे गताः। ततः काकेन सह वर्तकश्चलितः। अथ गोपाल^(१४)स्य गच्छतो दधिभाण्डाद्वारंवारं तेन काकेन दधि खाद्यते। ततो यावदसौ दधिभाण्डं भूमौ निधायोर्ध्वमवलोकते तावत्तेन काकवर्तकौ दृष्टौ। ततस्तेन खेदि^(१५)तः काकः पलायितः। वर्तकः स्वभा^(१६)**वनिरपराधो **^(१७)**मन्दगतिस्तेन प्राप्तो व्यापादितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। न स्थातव्यं न गन्तव्यम्
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** १** In the forest (प्रांतरे) lying on the road to UjjayinÎ. २ The Indian Fig-tree. ३ Tired or wearied by journey. ४Went away from, was removed from**. ५** Covered, shaded. ६ Enjoying the happiness of a sound sleep.७Opening, yawning. ८Not bearing the happiness of others, jealous of the happiness of others.९ Through the wickedness natural to his disposition. १० The throwing out of excrement. ११ Stick, staff. १२ A quail (a bird). १३ By reason of the festival of Garuda. १४ A cowherd . १५ Sacred, frightened. १६ Innocent by nature. स्वभावात् निरपराधः पं. त. १७ Going slowly, of slow mobion. मंदा गतिर्यस्य ब.
इत्यादि। ततो मयोक्तम्। भ्रातः शुक किमेवं ब्रवीषि। मां प्रति यथा श्रीमद्देवस्तथा भवानपि। शुकेनोक्तम्। अस्त्वेवम्। किंतु।
^(१)दुर्जनैरुच्यमानानि संमतानि प्रियाण्यपि।
अकालं कुसुमानीव भयं संजनयन्ति हि॥२३॥
दुर्जनत्वं च भवतो ^(२)वाक्यादेव ज्ञातं यदनयोर्भूपालयोर्विग्रहे भवद्वचनमेव निदानम्^(३)।
ततोहं तेन राज्ञा **^(४)यथाव्यवहारं संपूज्य प्रस्थापितः। शुकोपि मम पश्चादाग^(५)च्छन्नास्ते। एतत्सर्वं परिज्ञाय यथाकर्तव्यमनुसंधी^(६)**यताम्। चक्रवाको विहस्याह। देव बकेन तावद्देशान्तरमपि गत्वा यथाशक्ति राजकार्यमनुष्ठितम्। किंतु देव स्वभाव एष मूर्खाणाम्। यतः
^(७)शतं दद्यान्न विवदेदिति विज्ञस्य संगतम्।
विना हेतुमपि द्वन्द्वमेतन्मूर्खस्य लक्षणम्॥२४॥
राजाह किमतीतोपा**^(८)लम्भनेन। प्रस्तुतमनुसंधीयताम्। चक्रवाको ब्रूते। देव वि^(९)**जने ब्रवीमि। यतः।
^(१०)वर्णाकारप्रतिध्वानैर्नेत्रवक्त्रविकारतः।
अप्यूहन्ति मनो धीरास्तस्माद्रहसि मन्त्रयेत्॥२५॥
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** १** Even favourable and agreeable things when uttered by the wicked, create fear, like the blossoming of untimely flowers. अकाल &c. This perhaps refers to the superstitious notion that when any flowers open untimely, they forebode some evil. २ From the very words uttered by you. ३ In the matter of the quarrel between these two kings (yours and ours) your words alone are the prime cause (निदान) ४ As is the custom, according to custom; व्यवहारं अनतिक्रम्य यथाव्यवहारम् अव्य. ५ Is coming, comes. ६ Be searched or investigated.७ It is agreed to by the wise that one may pay even a hundred but not quarrel, but it is the sign of a fool that he gives rise to a quarrel without any cause विज्ञस्य (उपपद) विशेषं जानातीति विज्ञः ८ Blaming what is past. ९ In private, secret. १० Wise men know what there is in the minds of others from complexion, from sound in return and the changes of the eyes and face. Therefore, one should take or give counsel in private. वर्णोकारप्रतिध्वानैः–वर्णआकारश्च प्रतिध्वानं च तैः द्वंद्वः
राजा मन्त्री च तत्र स्थितौ। अन्येन्यत्र गताः। चक्रवाको ब्रूते। देव अहमेवं जानामि। कस्याप्यस्मन्नियोगिनः**^(१)**प्रेरणया बकेनेदमनुष्ठितम्। यतः।
वैद्या^(२)नामातुरः श्रेयान्व्यसनी यो नियोगिनाम्।
विदुषां जीवनं मूर्खः सद्वर्णो जीवनं सताम्॥२६॥
राजाब्रवीत्। भवतु। **^(३)**कारणमत्र पश्चान्निरूपणीयम्। संप्रति यत्कर्तव्यं तन्निरूप्यताम्। चक्रवाको ब्रूते। देव प्रणिधिस्तावत्प्रहीयताम्। **^(४)**ततस्तदनुष्ठानं बलाबलं च जानीमः। तथा हि।
^(५)भवेत्स्वपरराष्ट्राणां कार्याकार्यावलोकने।
चारचक्षुर्महीभर्तुर्यस्य नास्त्यन्ध एव सः॥२७॥
स च द्वितीयं विश्वा**^(६)सपात्रं गृहीत्वा यातु। तेनासौस्वयं तत्रावस्थाय द्वितीयं तत्रत्य^(७)**मन्त्रकार्यं सुनिभृतं निश्चित्य निगद्य प्रस्थापयति। तथा चोक्तम्।
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१ At the inatigation of some one of our officers. २ A sick person is desirable to physicians, he who is vicious or he who is in danger, is so to government servants; a fool is the means of livelihood to the learned and one belonging to a good caste ( is the means of livelihood) to the good. The latter half of the 2nd line is thus read सद्वंद्वो नृपतेर्जनः quarrelsome person is the means of livelihood to a king. ३ Let the cause of this be investigated afterwards. ४ Then we shall know what they do and what their strong and weak points are.५ It is necessary for a king to have a statesman who employs spies to observe what should and .what should not be done in his as well as in others’ kingdom. That king who has no such statesman is blind (to all intents and purposes), कार्याकार्यावलोकन–कार्याकार्ययोः अबलोकने ष. त. चारचक्षुः (ब.) चारः चक्षुषी यस्य ६ One worthy of confidence, a fit receptacle of confidence. ७The employment of royal counsels, ८ Having told him of it.
^(१)तीर्थाश्रम सुरस्थाने शास्त्रविज्ञानहेतुना।
तपस्विव्यञ्जनोपेतैः स्वचरैः सह संवदेत्॥२८॥
गू**^(२)ढचारश्च यो जले स्थले चरति। ततोसावेव बको नियुज्यताम्। एतादृश एव कश्चिद्बको द्वितीयत्वे^(३)न प्रयातु। तद्गृह^(४)**लोकाश्चराजद्वारे तिष्ठन्तु। किंतु देव एतदपि सुगुप्तमनुष्ठातव्यम्। यतः।
^(५)षट्कर्णोभिद्यते मन्त्रस्तथा प्राप्तश्च वार्तया।
इत्यात्मनाद्वितीयेन मन्त्रः कार्यो महीभृता॥२९॥
पश्य।
^(६)मंत्रभेदेपि ये दोषा भवन्ति पृथिवीपतेः।
न शक्यास्ते समाधातुमिति नीतिविदां मतम्॥३०॥
राजा विमृश्योवाच। प्राप्तस्तावन्मयोत्तमः प्रणिधिः। मन्त्री ब्रूते। तदा सङ्ग्रा**^(७)**मविजयोपि प्राप्तः।
अत्रान्तरे प्रतीहारः प्रविश्य प्रणम्योवाच। देव जम्बुद्वीपादागतो द्वारि शुकस्तिष्ठति। राजा चक्रवाकमालोकते। चक्रवाकेणोक्तम्। **^(८)तावद्गत्वावासे तिष्ठतु पश्चादानीय द्रष्टव्यः। प्रतीहारस्तमावासस्थानंनीत्वा गतः। राजाह विग्रहस्ता^(९)**वत्समुपस्थितः। चक्रो ब्रूते। देव **^(१०)**प्रागेव विग्रहो न विधिः। यतः।
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** १** One (a king) should hold converse with his own spies who are disguised as hermits with the object (outwardly) of getting the knowledge of a science in a holy place, hermitage and a temple. तीर्थाश्रमसुरस्थाने—समाहारद्वंद्व ; शास्त्रविज्ञान हेतुना–शास्त्रविज्ञानस्य हेतुना ष० त० २ A secret spy. ३ As a second, as a companion. ४ The members of his family, the people in his house.५ A counsel confided to three persons (lit. six ears) is divulged as also that which is obtained by hearsay; so a king should hold consultation with only one person (lit. with two, one of them being himself). ६ It is the opinion of those versed in politics that the faults which a king commits even as regards the disclosure of secrets, cannot be remedied a tall.७ Victory in battle. संग्रामे विजयः स.त. ८ Lot him first (तावत्) go and reside in the abode (to be assigned to ambassadors). ९ As to war it is imminent. १० it is not a proper mode to declare war just at the beginning.
^(१)स किंभृत्यः स किंमन्त्री य आदावेव भूपतिम्।
युद्धोद्योगं स्वाभूत्यागं निर्दिशत्यविचारितम्॥३१॥
अपरं च।
^(२)विजेतुं प्रयतेतारीन्न युद्धेन कदाचन।
अनित्यो विजयो यस्मादृश्यते युध्यमानयोः॥३२॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)साम्ना दानेन भेदेन समस्तैरथवा पृथक्।
साधितुं प्रयतेतारीन्न युद्धेन कदाचन॥३३॥
अपरं च।
^(४)सर्व एव जनः शूरो ह्यनासादितविग्रहः।
अदृष्टपरसामर्थ्यः सदर्पः को भवेन्नहि॥३४॥
किं च।
^(५)न तथोत्थाप्यते ग्रावा प्राणिभिर्दारुणा यथा।
अल्पोपायान्महासिद्धिरेतन्मन्त्रफलं महत्॥३५॥
किंतु विग्रहमुपस्थि**^(६)तं विलोक्य व्यवह्नियता^(७)**म्। यतः।
^(८)यथाकालकृतोद्योगात्कृषिः फलवती भवेत्।
तद्वन्नीतिरियं देव चिरात्फलति रक्षणात्॥३६॥
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** १** He is a bad servant and a bad minister who advises a king to declare war and to abandon his own land at theoutset without any consideration. २ One should never attempt to conquer an enemy by means of a battle; since (यस्मात्) victory is uncertain when two persons are fighting.३ One should attempt to conquer an enemy by peace, gifts or dissension—by all these remedies at once or singly, but never by means of battle. The four remedies in dealing with the enemy are सामन्, दान, भेद and दण्ड. Here युद्धेन=दंडेन. ४ Every one is brave so long as hostility is not declared, who will not be puffed up with pride who has not seen the strength of others? अनासावितविग्रहः (ब.) न आसादितः विग्रहः येन; अदृष्टपरसामर्थ्यः (ब०) न दृष्टं परसामर्थ्यं येन. ५ A stone is not so well raised up by a man as by means of wood. Great success by means of a small remedy is said to be the greatest fruit of counsel ६ Approached, come noar or at hand. ७ Let exertions be made: let it be acted upon. ८ As husbandry will be fruitful through labour spent upon it at the proper season, so this policy (royal policy) gives fruit after a long time when properly kept or protected. कालकृत (स० त० ) काले कृतः.
अपरंच।
^(१)महतो दूरभीरुत्वमासन्ने शूरता गुणः।
विपत्तौ च महाल्ँलोके धीरतामनुगच्छति॥३७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)प्रत्यृहः सर्वसिद्धीनामुत्तापः प्रथमः किल।
अतिशीतलमप्यम्भः किं भिनत्ति न भूभृतः॥३८॥
विशेषतश्च महाबलोसौ चित्रवर्णो राजा। यतः।
^(३)बलिना सह योद्धव्यमिति नास्ति निदर्शनम्।
तद्युद्धं हस्तिना सार्धं नराणां मृत्युमावहेत्॥३९॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)सं मूर्खः कालमप्राप्य योपकर्तरि वर्तते।
कलिर्बलवता सार्धं कीटपक्षोद्यमो यथा॥४०॥
किं च।
^(५)कौर्मं संकोचमास्थाय प्रहारमपि मर्षयेत्।
प्राप्तकाले तु नीतिज्ञ उत्तिष्टेत्कुरसर्पवत्॥
^(६)महत्यल्पेप्युपायज्ञः सममेव भवेत्क्षमः।
समुन्मूलयितुं वृक्षांस्तृणानीव नदारयः॥४२॥
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** १**Being afraid from a distance and (displaying) bravery when a danger is at hand, is the virture of the great, and a great manassumes boldness in adversity. २ Excitement is indeed the first or greatest batasis all success ; does not even very cold water break mountains? ३ There is no propt that one should fight with the powerful, for the fight of men with elephants will bring on death.४ He is a fool who before it is time (for doing so) acelarus hostility. Hostility with the powerful is like the attempt to furnish worns with wings. कीटपक्षोद्यमः—कीटस्य पक्षं द्यमः ष० त०. ५ Having assumed (आस्थाय ) the contraction (smallness) of the tortoise, one should suffer even blows; but when the right time to strike has arrived, one who is versed in politics should rise like a furious serpent. कौर्मम् adj. from कूर्म. ६ One who knows a remedy should be equally able to cope with the great and the small, just as the stream of a river is able to uproot trees as well as grass. उपायज्ञ—उपायं जानातीति. उपपद०.
**^(१)**अतस्तद्दूतोप्याश्वास्य तावद्भियतां यावद्दुर्गः सज्जीक्रियतेयत्नः
^(२)एकः शतं योधयति प्राकारस्थो धनुर्धरः।
शतं शतसहस्राणि तस्माद्दुर्गं विशिष्यते॥४३॥
किं च।
^(३)अदुर्गो विषयः कस्य नारेः परिभवास्पदम्।
अदुर्गोनाश्रयो राजा पोतच्युतमनुष्यवत्॥४४॥
^(४)दुर्गं कुर्यान्महाखातमुच्चप्राकारसंयुतम्।
सयन्त्रं सजलं शैलसरिन्मरुवनाश्रयम्॥४५॥
^(५)विस्तीर्णतातिवैषम्यं रसधान्येष्मसंग्रहः।
प्रवेशश्चापसारश्च सप्तैता दुर्गसंपदः॥४६॥
राजाह।
दुर्गा^(६)नुसंधाने को नियुज्यताम्। चक्रो ब्रूते।
^(७)यो यत्र कुशलः कार्ये तं तत्र विनियोजयेत्
कर्मस्यदृष्टकर्मा यः शास्त्रज्ञोपि विमुह्यति॥४७॥
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१ Let his emissary also be retained in custody being made to confide in us. आश्वास्य is absolutive of the causedof श्वस् withआ 2 P. २ A single warrior when in a fort encounters a hundred in fight, and a hundred are a match for one hundred thousand; therefore a fort is preferred. Understand योधयति after शतसहस्राणि ३ Whose kingdom without forts is not liable to be conquered by the enemy? A king without a fort is as holpless as a man fallen down from a boat. अदुर्गः (ब०) नास्ति दुर्गः यस्य. अनाश्रयः is also ब० पोतच्युत (पं० त ०), पोतात् च्युत. ४ One should construct a fort with a deep trench, high rampart and having engines, water, hillocks, rivers, a desert and forest. महाखातं (ब०) महान् खातः यस्मिन् शैलसरिन्भरुवनाश्रयम् (ष.त) शैलसरिन्मरुवनानां आश्रयम् ५ Extensiveness, difficulty of access, a supply of water, corn and fuel, ingress and egress (way in and way out)—these seven are said to be the things constituting the wealth of a fort. ६ In getting ready or furnishing with the necessary materials. ७ One should appoint a man to that work in which he is skilful, even one who has studied the sciences but who has had no practical experience of any work, is bewildered (in doing that work). अदृष्टकर्मा (ब०) न दृष्टं कर्म येन.
तदाहूयतां सार**^(१)सः। तथानुष्ठिते सत्यागतं सारसमालोक्य राजोवाच। भोः सारस त्वं सत्वरं दुर्गमनुसंधेहि। सारसः प्रणम्योवाच। देव दुर्गं तावदिदमेव चिरात्सुनि^(२)**रूपितमास्ते महत्सरः। किंत्वत्र **^(३)**मध्यवर्तिद्वीपे **^(४)**द्रव्यसंग्रहः क्रियताम्। यतः।
^(५)धान्यानां संग्रहो राजन्नुत्तमः सर्वसंग्रहात्।
निक्षिप्तं हि मुखे रत्नं न कुर्यात्प्राणधारणम्॥४८॥
किं च।
^(६)ख्यातः सर्वरसानां हि लवणो रस उत्तमः।
गृहीतं च विना तेन व्यञ्जनं गोमयायते॥४९॥
राजाह। सत्वरं गत्वा सर्वमनुतिष्ठ। पुनः प्रविश्य प्रतीहारो ब्रूते। देव सिंहलद्वीपादागतो मेघवर्णो नाम वायसः सपरिवारो द्वारि तिष्ठति। देवपादं द्रष्टुमिच्छति। राजाह। काकाः पुनः सर्वज्ञा बहु**^(७)द्रष्टारश्च। तद्भवति संग्राह्य इत्यनुव^(८)र्तते। चक्रो ब्रूते। देव अस्त्येवम्। किंतु काकः स्थलचरः। तेनास्मद्विपक्षे नियु^(९)**क्तः कथं संग्राह्यः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(१०)आत्मपक्षं परित्यज्य परपक्षेषु यो रतः।
स परैर्हन्यते मूढो नीलवर्णशृगालवत्॥५०॥
राजोवाच। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
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** १** Aorano२ Well-examined. ३ Lying inside. ४Coflection of things. ५ The collection of corn is, oh king, the best of all others; for a jewel put into the mouth will not sustain life (as corn will). ६ Of all the juices or liquids, salt is said to be the best, for a condiment oaton (गृहीतं) without it (salt) tastes like cowdung. गोमयायते=गोमयवत् आचरति. ७. Who know and see all things. ८ It follows that &c९ Employed on the side of our enemy. १० That fool, who having deserted his own party, joins that of the enemy, is killed by the enemy like the jackal with the indigo colour (in the following story).
॥कथा ६॥
**^(१)अस्त्यरण्ये कश्चिच्छृंगालः स्वेच्छया नगरो^(२)**पान्ते भ्राम्यन्नीलीभाण्डे पतितः। पश्चात्तत उत्थातुमसमर्थः प्रातरात्मानं **^(३)मृतवत्संदर्श्य स्थितः। अथ नीलीभा^(४)ण्डस्वामिना मृत इति ज्ञात्वा तस्मात्समुत्थाप्य दूरे नीत्वाप^(५)**सारितस्तस्मात्पलायितः। ततोसौ वनं गत्वा **^(६)स्वकीयमात्मानं नीलवर्णमवलोक्याचिन्तयत्। अहमिदानीमुत्तम^(७)**वर्णः। **^(८)तदाहं स्वकीयोत्कर्षं किं न साधयामि। इत्यालोच्य शृगलानाहूय तेनोक्तम्। अहं भगवत्या वनदे^(९)**वतया स्वहस्तेनारण्यराज्ये सर्वौषधिरसेनाभिषिक्तः। **^(१०)**तदद्यारभ्यारण्येस्मदाज्ञया **^(११)व्यवहारः कार्यः। शृगालाश्च तं विशि^(१२)**ष्टवर्णमवलोक्य साष्टाङ्गपातं प्रणम्योचुः। **^(१३)**यथाज्ञापयति देवः। इत्यनेनैव **^(१४)क्रमेण सर्वेष्वरण्यवासिष्वाधिपत्यं तस्य बभूव। ततस्तेन स्वज्ञातिभिरावृतेनाधि^(१५)क्यं साधितम्। ततस्तेन व्याघ्रसिंहादीनुत्तमपरिज^(१६)**नन्प्राप्य **^(१७)सदसि शृगालानवलोक्य लज्जामानेनाव^(१८)ज्ञया स्वज्ञा^(१९)तयः सर्वे दूरीकृताः ततो विषण्णाञ्शृगालानवलोक्य केनचिद्वृद्धशृगालेनैतत्प्रति^(२०)**ज्ञातम्। मा विषीदत। **^(२१)**यदनेनानभिज्ञेने नीति-
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** १** Here अस्ति does not show existence, but is equivalent to the English there or the story runs &c. २ Vicinity. ३ Showing himself as if dead, that is, feigning death. ४ The owner of the vessel full of indigo colour. ५ Was driven.६ His ownself. ७ Of the best complexion or colour. उत्तमः वर्णः यस्य ब० . ८ Why should I not then accomplish my own elevation? ९ The sylvan deity. १० Beginning from to-day, from to-day or this day. ११ Affairs should be carried on. १२ Of an excellent or strange colour. विशिष्टः वर्णः यस्य ब० १३ Just as your Majesty or lordship orders; that is, your lord- ship’s orders will be obeyed or carried out. १४ In this very १५ Accomplished (got) supremacy. १६ Having obtained such excellent followers as the tiger, lion and others. १७ In the assembly. १८ With disrespect. १९ Those of his own caste or kind. २० Gave or made the following (this) promise.२१ Since. २२ Ignorant or foolish.
विदो मर्मज्ञा वयं स्वसमीपा**^(१)त्परिभूतास्तद्यथायं नश्यति तथा विधेयम्। यतोमी व्याघ्रादयो वर्णमात्रविप्र^(२)लब्धाः शृगालमज्ञात्वाराजानमिमं मन्यन्ते। तद्यथायं परिचितो^(३)** भवति तथा कुरुत। तत्र चैवमनुष्ठेयम्। यतः सर्वे संध्यासमये संनि**^(४)धाने महारावमेकदैव करिष्यथ। ततस्तं शब्दमाकर्ण्य जातिस्व^(५)भावात्तेनापि शब्दः कर्तव्यः। ततस्तथानुष्ठितेसति तद्वृ^(६)**त्तम् यतः।
^(७)यः स्वभावो हि यस्यास्ति स नित्यं दुरतिक्रमः।
श्वा यदि क्रियते राजा तत्किं नाश्नात्युपानहम्॥५१॥
ततः शब्दादभिज्ञा**^(८)**य स व्याघ्रेण हतः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(९)छिद्रं मर्म च वीर्यं च सर्वं वेत्ति निजो रिपुः।
दहत्यन्तर्गतश्चैव शुष्कं वृक्षमिवानलः॥५२॥
अतोहं ब्रवीमि। आत्मपक्षं परित्यज्य इत्यादि॥ राजाह। यद्येवं तथापि दृश्यतां **^(१०)तावदयं दूरादागतः। तत्संग्रहे विचा^(११)**रः कार्यः। चक्रो ब्रूते। देव प्रणिधिः प्रहितोः दुर्गश्व सज्जीकृतः। अतः शुकोप्यानीय प्रस्थाप्यताम्। यतः
^(१२)नन्दं जघान चाणक्यस्तीक्ष्णदूतप्रयोगतः।
तद्दूरान्तरितं दूतं पश्येद्वीरसमन्वितः॥५३॥
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** १** Have been disrespectfully removed from his presence. २ Deceived by his colour only.३ Known, acquainted, exposed, ४. Near him. ५ Through the disposition natural to his kind. ६ That happened,-viz.,—what they had foreseen. ७ That which is thedisposition of anybody is always difficult to get rid of. If a dog is made king, will he not eat shoes ? ८ Being recognized or made out.९ The enemy of one’s own class knows one’s weak points, important points, valour and everything, and being in the secret burns (destroys) one as fire burns a dried tree. १० Let him be interviewed since he has come a long way off. ११ Let a plan be devised to take him into service. १२ Chanakya destroyed Nanda by the employment of sharp emissaries or spies; so one should see a messenger come from a long distance recompanied by ( his ) warriors [ lest he (the emissary) may not act treacherously towards him..] वीरसमन्वितः तृ० त०.
ततः सभां कृत्वाहूतः शुकः काकश्च। शुकः किंचिदु**^(१)न्नतशिरा दत्तासन उपविश्य ब्रूते। भो हिरण्यगर्भ महाराजा^(२)**धिराजः श्रीमच्चित्रवर्णस्त्वां xxxxx। यदि जीवितेन **^(३)**श्रियाना प्रयोजनमस्ति तदासत्वरमागत्यास्मचरणौ प्रणम। न चेदवस्थातुं स्थानान्तरं चिन्तय। राजा सकोपमाह। आः कोप्यस्माकं पुरतो नास्ति य एनं **^(४)**गलहस्तयति। उत्थाय मेघवर्णोब्रूते। देव आज्ञापय। हन्मिदुष्टं शुकम्। सर्वज्ञो राजानं काकं च सान्त्वयन्ब्रूते। शृणु तावत्।
^(५)न सा सभा यत्र न सन्ति वृद्धा
वृद्धा न ते ये न वदन्ति धर्मम्
धर्मःस नो यत्र न सत्यमस्ति
सत्यं न तद्यच्छलमभ्युपैति॥५४॥
ततो धर्मश्चैषः।
दूतो म्लेच्छोप्यवध्यः स्याद्राजा दूतमुखो यतः।
**उच्यतेष्वपिशस्त्रेषु दूतौवदति नान्यथा॥५५॥ **
किं च।
^(७)xxxxत्कर्षं दूतोक्तैर्मन्यते कः :
सदैवावध्यभावेन दूतः सर्वं हिxxxx।॥ ५६॥
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१Withxxxxx head raised up a little. २ The great king or king of Property. xxxxxxxxof (find out) a place to live in. ४ Seizes by- the throw :: rottles. ५ That is xxxxxxxxwhere there’ are no old they are not old, xxxxxxxxxxxnot say what is just ; lent is not justice in which there is no truth; and that is not truth which resorts to fraud or deceit. ६ A messenger even if he be a barbarian is not to be killed; because a king has a messenger for his mouth or spokesman; even if weapons are raised to strike, a messenger does not speak what is untrue. दूतमुखः (ब०) दूतः मुखं यस्य.७ Who thinks of his own degradation and the elevation of others merely by the words of a messenger? For a messenger says everything and anything through his position. of never being killed. अपकर्ष and उत्कर्ष are here opposed..
ततो राजा काकश्च स्वां ^(१)प्रकृतिमापन्नौ। शुकोप्युत्थाय चलितः। पश्चाच्चक्रवाकेणानीय प्रबोध्य कनकालंकारादिकं दत्त्वा संप्रेषितो^(२) ययौ।शुकोपि विन्ध्याचलराजानं प्रणतवान्। राजोवाच। शुक का **^(३)वार्ता। कीदृशोसौ देशः। शुको ब्रूते। देव संक्षेपादियं वार्ता। संप्रति युद्धोद्योगः क्रियताम्। देशश्चासौ कर्पूरद्वीपः स्वर्गै^(४)कदेशो राजा च द्वितीयः स्वर्गपतिः। कथं वर्णयितुं शक्यते। ततः सर्वान्शिष्टा^(५)**नाहूय राजा मन्त्रयितुमुपविष्टः। आह च। **^(६)**संप्रति कर्तव्यविग्रहे यथाकर्तव्यमुपदेशं ब्रूत। विग्रहः पुनरवश्यं कर्तव्यः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(७)असंतुष्टा द्विजा नष्टाः संतुष्टाश्च महीभुजः।
सलज्जा गणिका नष्टा निर्लज्जाश्च कुलस्त्रियः॥५७॥
दूरदर्शी नाम गृधो ब्रूते। देव व्यसनितया विग्रहो न विधिः**^(८)**। यतः
^(९)मित्रामात्यसुहृद्वर्गा यदा स्युर्दृढभक्तयः।
शत्रूणां विपरीताश्च कर्तव्यो विग्रहस्तदा॥५८॥
अन्यच्च।
^(१०)भूमिर्मित्रं हिरण्यं च विग्रहस्य फलं त्रयम्।
यदैतन्निश्चितं भावि कर्तव्यो विग्रहस्तदा॥५९॥
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** १** Were themselves again. २ Dismissed. ३ This is, in brief, the news.४ As if it were a part of heaven. ५ Having summoned all respectable people together. ६ Give me an advice as to what ought to be done in connection with the battle that is a matter of necessity. The reading यत् कर्तव्यं तत् ब्रूत, is better.७ Discontented Brahmins are ruined and contented kings are ruined; a harlot possessing modesty is ruined and noble women who are shameless or immodest are ruined. ८ It is not a proper course of ·conduct to engage in hostility, since it brings on calamity. ९ When multitudes of friends, ministers and relations are firmly attached and are opposed to the enemy, then hostility should be declared. मित्रामात्यसुहृदां वर्गाः ष. त., दृढभक्तयः (ब०) दृढं भक्तिः येषां १० Land, friend and gold–these are the three fruits of hostility, and when these are sure to be obtained, war should be resorted to.
राजाह मद्बलं तावदवलोकयतु मन्त्री॥ तदैतेषामुपयोगो ज्ञायताम्। एवमाहूयतां मौहूर्ति**^(१)कः। निर्णीय शुभ^(२)लग्नं ददातु। मन्त्री ब्रूते। तथापि सहसा यात्राक^(३)**रणमनुचितम्। यतः।
^(४)विशन्ति सहसा मूढा ये विचार्य द्विषद्वलम्।
खड्गधारापरिष्वङ्गं लभन्ते ते सुनिश्चितं॥६०॥
राजाह। मन्त्रिन् मनोत्साहभङ्गं सर्वथा मा कृ**^(५)**थाः। विजिगीषुर्यथा परभूमिमाक्रामति तथा कथय। गृध्रो ब्रूते। तत्कथयामि। किंतु तदनुष्ठितमेव फलप्रदम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(८)किं मन्त्रेणाननुष्ठानाच्छास्त्रवित्पृथिवीपतेः।
न ह्यौषधपरिज्ञानाद्व्याधेः शान्तिः क्वचिद्भवेत्॥६१॥
राजादेशश्चानतिक्रमणी**^(९)**यः। यथाश्रुतं तन्निवेदयामि। शृणु।
नद्याद्रिवनदुर्गेषु यत्र यत्र भयं नृप।
तत्र तत्र च सेनानीर्यायाद्व्यूहीकृतैर्बलैः॥६२॥
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** १** An astrologer. २An auspicious conjuncture or happy moment. ३ Going on a march or marching. ४ Those fools, who suddenly and without consideration, enter the army of the enemy, surely meet with a close embrace from the edges of swords खङ्गधाराणां परिष्वंगः ष० त० ५ Do not at all damp my courage (by such advice). ६ One desirous of conquering, and hence a conqueror. It is an adjective from the desiderative of जि withवि 1 A. ७ But it is fruitful only when executed and not otherwise. ८ What is the use of a counsel to a king versed in politics (lit. versed in science) when it (the counsel) is not acted up to? There will be no curing of a disease through the mere knowledge of .medicines. शास्त्रविद् (उपपद.) शास्त्रं वेत्तीति. ९ Cannot be transgressed? १० Oh king, a general should march with his army formed in battle-array wherever there is danger, viz. in ·rivers, mountains, forests and mountain-fastnesses. नद्याद्रि&c. is a द्वंद्व. नदी च अद्रिः च वनं च दुर्गं च तेषु.
^(१)बलाध्यक्षः पुरो यायात्प्रवीरपुरुषान्वितः।
मध्ये कलत्रं स्वामी च कोशः फल्गु च यद्बलम्॥६३॥
^(२)पार्श्वयोरुभयोरश्वा अश्वानां पार्श्वतो रथाः।
रथानां पार्श्वयोर्नागा नागानां च पदातयः॥६४॥
^(३)पश्चात्सेनापतिर्यायात्खिन्नानाश्वासयञ्छनैः।
मन्त्रिभिः सुभटैर्युक्तः प्रतिगृह्य बलं नृपः॥६५॥
^(४)समेयाद्विषमं नागैर्जलाढ्यं समहीधरम्।
सममश्वैर्जलं नौभिः सर्वत्रैव पदातिभिः॥६६॥
^(५)हस्तिनां गमनं प्रोक्तं प्रशस्तं जलदागमे।
तदन्यत्र तुरंगाणां पत्तीनां सर्वदैव हि॥६७॥
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** १** The commander of an army should march in front accompanied with strong fighting men, and in the middle there should be women, the lord (the king), the treasure and the weak (portion of the) army. प्रवीरपुरुषान्वितः तृ० त० २ There should be horses on the two sides and chariots by the side of the horses; the elephants should be arranged on the sides of the chariots and the infantry on the side of the elephants. ३ The general should march behind slowly encouraging the disspirited, and the king should go accompanied by ministers and excellent warriors and his army. ४ One should attack a place which is uneven, full of water and hilly, by meant of elephants, while he should fall upon an even place by means of horses, he should lead an attack in water by means of boats and in any placeby infantry (foot-soldiers). Here we should understand स्थानं or स्थलं after विषमं and समम् ५ Marching with elephants is preferable in the rainy season, in other seasons horses should be used, while infantry is at all times preferable. तदन्यत्र=तस्मात् (जलदागमात् अन्यत्र) .
^(१)शैलेषु दुर्गमार्गेषु विधेयं नृपरक्षणम्।
स्वयोधै रक्षितस्यापि शयनं योगिनिद्रया॥६८॥
^(२)नाशयेत्कर्षयेच्छ्त्रून्दुर्गकंण्टकमर्दनैः।
परदेशप्रवेशे च दुर्यादाटविकान्पुरः॥६९॥
^(३)यत्र राजा तत्र कोशो विना कोशान्न राजता।
स्वभृत्येभ्यस्ततो दद्यात्को हि दातुर्न युध्यते॥७०॥
यतः।
^(४)ननरस्य नरो दासो दासत्वर्थस्य भूपते।
गौरवं लाघवं वापि धनाधननिबन्धनम्॥७१॥
^(५)अभेदेन च युध्येत रक्षेच्चैव परस्परम्।
फल्गु सैन्यं च यत्किंचिन्मध्ये व्यूहस्य कारयेत्॥७२॥
^(६)पदातश्चि महीपालः पुरोनीकस्य मोजयेत्।
उपरुध्यारिमासीत्राष्ट्रं चास्योपपीडयेत्॥७३॥
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१ The king should be protected in mountains and difficult places, and even if he be guarded by his own people, he should be only half asleep योगिनिद्रा fit: the sleep dhjoyed by saints, who are always deeply engaged in contemplation. २ One should destroy and overpower one’s enemies by suppressing the disturbances in forts (दुर्गकंटकमर्दनैः); and one should place the foresters in front in entering a foreign eountry. दुर्गकंटक lit a thorn in a fort and hence & distrubance (metaphorically). ३ Where there is the king, then should be the treasure, there is ho royalty without it,tilbu one should give away money to one’s servants; for who does not fight for one who gives (money)? ४ A man is not the servant of another, but oh king, he is the servant ofweálth. Greatness and meanness are dependent respectively on wealth and its absence (अधनं). धनाधननिबंधनं–धनाधने निबंधनं यस्य बं० qualifying गौरवं and लाघवम् ५ People should fight in unison.and defend each other, and they should place the weak portion of the army in the middle of a column (of an army). ६ A king should place or station the foot soldiers in the front of the army, and having blocked up the enemy he should sit firmly and molest his kingdom.
^(१)स्यन्दनाश्वैः समे युध्येदनूपे नौद्विपैस्तथा।
वृक्षगुल्मावृते चापैरसिचर्मायुधैः स्थले॥७४॥
^(२)दूषयेच्चास्य सततं यवसान्नोदकेन्धनम्।
भिन्द्याश्चैव तडागानि प्राकारान्परिखास्तथा॥७५॥
^(३)बलेषु प्रमुखो हस्ती न तथान्यो महीपतेः।
निजैरवयवैरेव मातङ्गोष्टायुधः स्मृतः॥७६॥
^(४)बलमश्वस्य सैन्यानां प्राकारो जङ्गमो यतः।
तस्मादश्वाधिको राजा विजयी स्थलविग्रहे॥७७॥
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(५)युध्यमाना हयारूढा देवानामपि दुर्जयाः।
अपि दूरस्थितास्तेषां वैरिणो हस्तवर्तिनः॥७८॥
^(६)प्रथमं युद्धकारित्वं समस्तबलपालनम्।
दिङ्मार्गाणां विशोधित्वं पत्तिकर्म प्रचक्षते॥७९॥
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** १** A king should fight with his enemy with chariots and horses in an even place, by means of boats and elephants in a watery place, by means of bows in places covered with trees and bushes and by means of swords, shields and other weapons in an open country. वृक्षगुल्मावृत्ते तृ० त० असिचर्मायुधैः (द्वंद्व.) असिना चर्मणा आयुधेन च २ He should always spoil his (enemy’s) fodder, food, water and fuel and should destroy his lakes, ramparts and ditches. यवसान्नोदकेन्धनम् समाहारद्वंद्व. ३ The elephant is the foremost in the army of a king and none else is so, for an elephant is said to possess eight weapons in his own limbs. अष्टायुधः (ब०) अट आयुधानि यस्य ४ Of all the parts of an army, cavalry is, as it were, a moving rampart; a king, therefore, who is strong in cavalry, is victorious in a land- fight. अश्वाधिकः तृ० त० ५ People who fight on horseback areun-corquerable even to Gods, and the enemies though far distant are, as it were in their hande हस्तवर्तिनः- हस्तयोः वर्तते इति उपपद, हयारूढाः द्वि० त० ६ The protection of the whole army is the chief thing in battle, and the clearing to the passes in the different quarters is said to be the duty of the foot-soldiers. युद्धकारित्वम् abst. noun from युद्धकारिन्.
^(१)स्वभावशूरमस्त्रज्ञमविरक्तं जितश्रमम्।
प्रसिद्धक्षत्रियप्रायं बलं श्रेष्ठतमं विदुः॥८०॥
^(२)यथा प्रभुकृतान्मानाद्युध्यन्ते भुवि मानवाः।
न तथा बहुभिर्दत्तैर्द्रविणैरपि भूपते॥८१॥
^(३)वरमल्पबलं सारं न कुर्यान्मुण्डमण्डलीम्।
कुर्यादसारभङ्गो हि सारभङ्गमपि स्फुटम्॥८२॥
^(४)अप्रसादोनधिष्ठानं देयांशहरणं च यत्।
कालयापोप्रतीकारस्तद्वैराग्यस्य कारणम्॥८३॥
^(५)आपीडयन्बलं शत्रोर्जिगीषुरतिशोषयेत्।
सुखसाध्यं द्विषां सैन्यं दीर्घयानप्रपीडितम्॥८४॥
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** १** They say (विदुः) that that army is the best which is naturally brave, versed in weapons of all kinds, not indifferent, not minding fatigue (lit. that which has conquered fatigue) and full, for the most part, of reno wned warriors. स्वभावशूर तृ० त०; अस्रज्ञं उपपद०; जितश्रमम् (ब०) जिता**:**श्रमाः येन. २ As people fight for ( the sake of) the respect or honour shown to them by their lord, so they do not, oh king, fight even if large amounts of money be paid to them. प्रभुकृतात् तृ० त० ३ Better is a small but strong force than a multitude of heads; for the defeat of the weak will evidently (स्फुटं) cause that of the strong. अल्पबलं (ब०) अल्पं बलं यस्यमुंडमंडलीम् ष० त० ४ Want of favour, absence of a leader, deprival of the portion due to any one, passing away o time or procrastination in paying wages, absence of retaliation—these are the causes of indifference on the part of the army. अप्रसादः, अनधिष्ठानं and अप्रतीकारः are न० त० ५ A conqueror wishing to oppress the army of the enemy should starve it very much; the army of an enemy can be easily conquered when it is exhausted by long marches, अतिशोषयेत् causal of the root शुष् 4 P. with अति. सुखसाध्यं तृ० त०
^(१)दायादादपरो मन्त्रो नास्ति भेदकरो द्विषाम्।
तस्मादुत्थापयेद्यत्नाद्दायादं तस्य विद्विषः॥८५॥
^(२)संधाम युवराजेन यदि वा मुख्यमन्त्रिणा।
अन्तःप्रकोपनं कार्यमभियोक्तुः स्थिरात्मनः॥८६॥
^(३)क्रूरं मित्रं रणे चापि भङ्गं दत्त्वा विघातयेत्।
अथवा गोग्रहाकृष्ट्या तल्लक्ष्याभितबन्धनात्॥८७॥
^(४)स्वराज्यं वासयेद्राजा परदेशावगाहनात्।
अथवा दानमानाभ्यां वासितं धनदं हि तत्॥८८॥
राजाह। आः किं बहुनोदितेन।
^(५)आत्मोदयः परग्लानिर्द्वयं नीतिरितीयती।
तदूरीकृत्य कृतिभिर्वाचस्पत्यं प्रतीयते॥८९॥
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** १** Ther is nocounsel other than a kinsman that can destroy the enemy effectually; one should, therefore, set up with great efforts, a kinsman of one’s enemy against him (enemy). दायाद—दायंआददातीति उपपद उत्थापयेत् causal of स्था with a IP to cause to rise or get up and hence-set up against.२ Having made union or peace either with the heirapparent or the prime-minister, one should sow inward dissensions in the army of an invader (अभियोक्तृ) who is steady or calm in his plans of attack. प्रकोपनंnoun from the causal of प्रकुप् inciting, inflaming स्थिरात्मनः. (ब०) स्थिरः आत्मा यस्य तस्य ३ One should cause the destruction of a cruel friend even in battle by using (दत्वा) & fraud, or by winning, over his dependents in the manner of capturing a cow (forcibly). ४ A king should cause his own country to be inhabited by bringing people from the enemy’s country, forwhen a countryis so peopled by giving wealth and respect, it prospers. ५ One’s own elevation and the depression of others— such is the two-fold policy (of kings) ; fortunate. or wise men having recourse to it surpass the wisdom even of Váchaspati (the God of wisdom among the Hindus). इतीयती . (ब० ) इति इयती यस्याः ऊरीकृत्य absolutive of कृ with ऊरी. वाचस्पत्यं—वाचस्पतः इदम, that is, wisdom प्रतीयते is probably a misprint for प्रतीयतेwhich means—is spread or displayed.
मन्त्रिणा विहस्योच्यते। सर्वमेतद्विशेषत**^(१)**श्चोच्यते। किंतु।
^(२)अन्यदुच्छृङ्खलं सत्त्वमन्यच्छास्त्रनियन्त्रितम्।
सामानाधिकरण्यं हि तेजस्तिमिरयोः कुतः॥९०॥
तत उत्थाय राजा मौ**^(३)र्हूर्तिकावेदितलग्ने^(४)** प्रस्थितः।
अथ प्रहितप्रणिधिर्हिरण्यगर्भमागत्योवाच। देव समाग**^(५)तप्रायो राजा चित्रवर्णः। संप्रति मलयपर्वताधि^(६)त्यकायां समावासितकटकोनुवर्तते। दुर्गशोधनं प्रतिक्षणम^(७)नुसंधातव्यं यतोसौ गृध्रो महाम^(८)**न्त्री। किंच **^(९)केनचित्सह तस्य विश्वासकथाप्रसङ्गेनैव तदिङ्गित^(१०)**मवगतं मया यदनेन कोप्यस्मद्दुर्गे प्रागेव नियुक्तः। चक्रो ब्रूते। देव काक **^(११)**एवासौ
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** १** विशेषतः as a particular case. २ Of one sort is the animal that is untractable, and of another kind is that which is restrained by law (lit. by science); how can there be any juxta-position of light and darkness (for the sake of comparison )? अन्यत्-अन्यत् one and another, one and the other. सामानाधिकरण्य is an abstract noun from thecompound word समानाधिकरण (समान the same or equal and अधिकरण place). It is बहुव्रीहि समानं अधिकरणं ययोः ते समानाधिकरणे, तयोः भाव**:. The meaning of the whole verse is that as thecoexistence of light and darkness is impossible, so tract able and urtractable crentures being alike is also impossible. ३ An astrologer ; Cf. गणक (जोशी in Marathi). ४ A `juncture or point of time-generally used of an auspicious ·moment. ५ Is almost come, is as good as come, समागतात्ईषत् न्यून:**-समागतप्रायः, प्राय has this sénse when uséd at the end of compounds Cf. मृतप्राय;गतप्राय ६ At present herémains encamped (lit.— with his army stationed) on the table land (अधित्यका) of the Malaya mountain. समायासितकटकः (ब.) समावासितं कटकं येन. ७ The arrangements of the fort should be investigated into every moment.८ A great minister, that is, a very capable statesman.९ In the course of his confidential conversation with some ohe. १० Secret. ११ It is quite possible that he is no other than crow (of whom we were talking).
संभवति। राजाह। न कदाचिदेतत्। यद्येवं ^(१)तदा कथं तेन शुकस्याभिभ^(२)वोद्योगः कृतः। अपरं च। शुकस्यागमनात्तस्य विग्रहोत्साहः। स चिरादत्रास्ते। मन्त्री ब्रूते। तथाप्यागन्तुः शङ्कनीयः। राजाह। आगन्तुका हि कदाचिदुपकारका^(३) दृश्यन्ते। शृणु।
^(४)परोपि हितवान्बन्धुर्बन्धुरप्यहितः परः।
अहितो देहजो व्याधिर्हितमारण्यमौषधम्॥९१॥
अपरं च।
^(५)आसीद्वीरवरो नाम शूद्रकस्य महीभृतः।
सेवकः स्वल्पकालेन स ददौ सुतमात्मनः॥९२॥
चक्रः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। राजा कथयति।
॥कथा ७॥
अहं पुरा शूद्रकस्य राज्ञः क्रीडा**^(६)सरसि कर्पूरकेलिनाम्नो राजहंसस्य पुत्र्या कर्पूरमञ्जर्या सहानुरागवान^(७)भवम्। तत्र वीरवरो नाम महाराजपु^(८)**त्रः कुतश्चिद्देशादागत्य राजद्वारमुपगम्य **^(९)प्रतीहारमुवाच। अहं तावद्वेत^(१०)**नार्थी राजपुत्रः। **^(११)**राजदर्शनं कारय। ततस्तेनासौ राज-
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** १** If such had been thecase, then (तदा for तर्हि). २ An attempt to humiliate or mortify. ३ Benefactors.४ Even an enemy proves to be a beneficent friend, while even a friend becomes a great enemy; the disease born in one’s body is injurious, while a medicinal herb though produced in the forest is beneficial अहितः न. त. आरण्यं an adjective from अरण्य. ५ There was a servant of the king Sudraka, named Vîravara who in a short time gave up (sacrificed) his own son (for the king’s sake). ६ In the lake intended for sport. ष. त. ७ Fell in love with. ८ The son of a great prince. ९ The male doorkeeper. १०Desirous of wages. ११ Make me see the king, that is, let me have the king’s audience.
दर्शनं कारितो ब्रूते। देव यदि मया सेवकेन प्रयोजनमस्ति तदास्म द्वर्तनं **^(१)क्रियताम्। शूद्रक उवाच। किं ते वर्तनम्। वीरवरो ब्रूते। प्रत्यहं सुवर्ण^(२)पञ्चशतानि देहि। राजाह। का ते सामग्री। वीरवरो ब्रूते। द्वौ बाहू तृतीयश्च खङ्गः। राजाह। नैतच्छ^(३)क्यम्। तच्छ्रुत्वा वीरवरश्चलितः। अथ मन्त्रिभिरुक्तम्। देव दिनचतुष्टयस्य वर्तनं दत्त्वा ·ज्ञायतामस्य स्व^(४)रूपं किमुपयुक्तोयमेतावद्वर्तनं गृह्णात्यनुपयुक्तो वेति। ततो मन्त्रिवचनादाहूय वीरवराय ताम्बूलं दत्त्वा पञ्चशतानि सुवर्णानि दत्तानि। तद्विनियो^(५)गश्च राज्ञा सुनिभृतं निरूपितः। तदर्धंवीरवरेण देवेभ्यो ब्राह्मणेभ्यो दत्तम्। स्थि^(६)तस्यार्धं दुःखितेभ्यः। तदवशिष्टं भोज्यव्ययवि^(७)**लासव्ययेन। एतत्सर्वं नित्यकृत्यं कृत्वा राजद्वारमहर्निशं खड्गपाणिः सेवते। यदा च राजा स्वयं समादिशति तदा स्वगृहमपि याति।
अथैकदा कृष्णचतुर्दश्यां रात्रौ राजा सकरुणं क्रन्द**^(८)नध्वनिं शुश्राव। शूद्रक उवाच। कः कोत्र द्वारि। तेनोक्तम्। देव अहं वीरवरः। राजोवाच। कन्दनानुस^(९)रणं क्रियताम्। वीरवरः यथाज्ञापयति^(१०)** देव इत्युक्त्वा चलितः। राज्ञा च चिन्तितम्। नैतदुचितम्। अयमेकाकी राजपुत्रो मया **^(११)**सूचीभेद्ये तमसि प्रेरितः। तदनु गत्वा किमेतदिति निरूपयामि। ततो राजापि खङ्गमादाय तदनुसरणक्रमेण नगराद्बहि- निर्जगाम। गत्वा च वीरवरेण सा रुदती रूपयौवनसंपन्ना सर्वालंकारभूषिता काचित्स्त्री दृष्टा। पृष्टा च। का त्वम्। किमर्थं रोदिषि। स्त्रियोक्तम्। अहमेतस्य शूद्रकस्य राजलक्ष्मीः। चिरादेतस्य भुज-
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१ Settle my wages. २ Five hundred coins of gold सुवर्णस्य—पंचशतानि ष. त. ३ This (viz. my employing you for 500 gold coins &c.) is not possible. ४ Characteristic, nature.५Employment, use, spending. ६ Half of what remaind. ७ Spending in outing and enjoyment. ८The sound of a crying or cry.९Follow the sound. १० Just as your majesty commands—a usual mode of saying “yes” when an order is issued. ११ Impenetrable or pitchy.
च्छायायां महता सुखेन विश्रा**^(१)न्ता। इदानीमन्यत्र गमिष्यामि। वीरधरो ब्रूते। यत्रापायः संभवति तत्रोपाथोप्यस्ति। तत्कथं स्यात्पुनरिहावलम्ब^(२)नं भवत्याः। लक्ष्मीरुवाच। यदि त्वमात्मनः पुत्रं शक्तिधरं द्वात्रिंशल्ल^(३)क्षणोपेतं भगवत्याः सर्वमङ्गलाया उप^(४)**हारीकरोषि तदाहं पुनरत्र सुचिरं निवसामि इत्युक्त्वादृश्याभवत्।
ततो वीरवरेण स्वगृहं गत्वा निद्रायमाणा स्ववधूः प्रबोधिता पुत्रश्च। तौ निद्रां परित्यज्योत्थायोपविष्टौ। वीरवरस्तत्सर्वं लक्ष्मीवचनमुक्तवान्। तच्छ्रुत्वा सानन्दः शक्तिधरो ब्रूते। **^(५)**धन्योहमेवंभूतः स्वामि-राज्यरक्षणार्थं यन्ममोपयोगः श्लाघ्यः। तत्कोधुना विलम्बस्य हेतुः। एवंविधे कर्मणि देहस्य विनियोगः श्लाघ्यः। यतः।
^(६)धनानि जीवितं चैव परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत्।
तन्निमित्तो वरं त्यागो विनाशे नियते सति॥९३॥
शक्तिधरमातोवाच। यद्येतन्न कर्तव्यं तत्केनाप्यन्येन कर्मणा मुख्यस्य महावर्तनस्य नि**^(७)ष्कयोभविष्यति। इत्यालोच्य सर्वे सर्वमङ्गलायाःस्थानं गताः। तत्र सर्वमङ्गलां संपूज्य वीरवरो ब्रूते। देवि प्रसीद। विजयतां विजयतां शूद्रको महाराजः। गृह्यतामुपहारः। इत्युक्त्वा पुत्रस्य शिरश्चिच्छेद। ततो वीरवरश्चिन्तयामास। गृहीतराजवर्तनस्य निस्ता^(८)रः कृतः। अधुना निष्पुत्रस्य जीवनेना^(९)लम्। इत्यालोच्यात्मनः।शिरश्छेदः कृतः। ततः स्त्रियापि स्वामिपुत्रशोकार्तया तदनुष्ठि^(१०)**तम् तत्सर्वं दृष्ट्वा राजा साश्चर्यं चिन्तयामास।
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** १** Rested long in peace under the shade of his arms, that is, lived in happiness, being protected by his powerful arm. २ Living, staying. ३ Endowed with thirty-two good qualities. ४ Offer as a present ५ Blessed am I since &c. ६A wise man should sacrifice, for the sake of others, his wealth and life since destruction is certain, such sacrifice (of life) for them (others) is preferable. तन्निमित्तः (ब०) ते निमित्तं यस्य.७ Redemption. ८ Requital, repayment. ९Enough of living, no use living. १० Did it, viz., cutting off of the head.
^(१)जीवन्ति च म्रियन्ते च मद्विधाः क्षुद्रजन्तवः।
अनेन सदृशो लोके न भूतो न भविष्यति॥९४॥
तदेतेन परित्यक्तेन मम राज्ये**^(२)नाप्यप्रयोजनम्। ततः शूद्रकेणापि स्वशिरश्छेत्तुं खङ्गः समुत्था^(३)पितः। अथ भगवत्या सर्वमङ्गलया राजा हस्ते धृत उक्तश्च। पुत्र प्रसन्नास्मि ते। एतावता साहसेनालम्। जीवनान्तेपि तव राज्य^(४)भङ्गो नास्ति। राजा च साष्टाङ्गपातं प्रणम्योवाच। देवि किं मे राज्येन। जीवितेन वा किं प्रयोजनम्। यद्यहमनुकम्पनीयस्तदा ममा^(६)**युःशेषेणायं सदारपुत्रो वीरवरो जीवतु। **^(७)अन्यथाहं यथाप्राप्तां गतिं गच्छामि। भगवत्युवाच। पुत्र अनेन ते सत्त्वो^(८)**त्कर्षेण भृत्यवात्सल्येन च तव तुष्टास्मि। गच्छ। विजयी भव। अयमपि सपरिवारो राजपुत्रो जीवतु। इत्युक्त्वा देव्यदृश्याभवत्। ततो वीरवरः सपुत्रदारो गृहं गतः। राजापि तैरलक्षितः सत्वरमन्तःपुरं प्रविष्टः।
अथ प्रभाते वीरवरोद्वारस्थः पुनर्भूपालेन पृष्टः सन्नाह। देव सा रुदती मामवलोक्यादृश्याभवत्। न काप्यन्या वार्ता विद्यते। तद्वचनमाकर्ण्य राजाचिन्तयत्। कथमयं श्लाघ्यो महासत्त्वः। यतः।
^(१०)प्रियं ब्रूयादकृपणः शूरः स्यादविकत्थनः।
दाता नापात्रवर्षी च प्रगल्भः स्यादनिष्ठुरः॥९५॥
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** १**Mean creatures like me live and die, but a man like this, has never been and will never be in this world २ There is no need even of a kingdom. ३ Was raised or lifted up. ४The loss of a kingdom.५ If I am to be pitied, if you really feel compassion for me. ६ With the remainder of my life or existence. ७Just as it has fallen to my lot or befallen me.८ By your pre-eminent goodness or virtue. ९ Possessing great excellence or virtueमहत् सत्त्वं यस्य ब० महत् being changed to महा in this compound. १०. He who is liberal or bountiful should speak kindly or graciously, a brave person should not be boastful, a donor should not give away things to an unfit person and one who is bold should be merciful ( lit.—not cruel ).
एतन्महापुरुषलक्षणमेतस्मिन्सर्वमस्ति। ततः स राजा प्रातः शि**^(१)ष्टसभां कृत्वा सर्ववृत्तान्तं प्रस्तुत्य प्रसादात्तस्मै कर्णाटराज्यं ददौ। तत्किमागन्तुको जाति^(२)**मात्राद्दुष्टः। तत्राप्युत्तमाधममध्यमाः सन्ति।चक्रवाको ब्रूत्ते।
^(३)योकार्यं कार्यवच्छास्ति स किंमन्त्री नृपेच्छया।
वरं स्वामिमनोदुःखं तन्नाशो न त्वकार्यतः॥९६॥
^(४)वैद्यो गुरुश्च मन्त्री च यस्य राज्ञः प्रियः सदा।
शरीरधर्मकोशेभ्यः क्षिप्रं स परिहीयते॥९७॥
शृणु देव।
^(५)पुण्याल्लब्धं यदेकेन तन्ममापि भविष्यति।
हत्वा भिक्षुं महालोभान्निध्यर्थी नापितो हतः॥९८॥
राजा पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
॥ कथा ८॥
अस्त्ययोध्यायां चूडामणिर्नाम क्षत्रियः। तेन धनार्थिना महता
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** १**Having called together an assembly of respectable people.२ Merely for his caste or kind. ३ He who at the desire of the king does an improper action, as if it were a proper one, is a bad minister; better it is that the feelings of the king should be injured than that he should be ruined by the performance of an improper action. तन्नाशः viz. स्वामिनाशः. ४ That king, whose physician, preceptor and counsellor are his favourites, is soon left off by health, religion and treasure; that is, he loses these three. Properly speaking, instead of शरीरधर्मकोशेभ्यः one would expect शरीर- धर्मकोशैः-(the instrumental); Cf. परिहीयसे अंगेः शरीरधर्मकोशेभ्यः द्वंद्व० ५ I too may come by that which another has come by through merit. A barber desirous of a treasure was killed for having put a Baudha religious mendicant to death througth inordinate greed.
क्लेशेन भगवांश्चन्द्रार्ध^(१)चूडामणिश्चिरमाराधितः। ततः क्षीणपापोसौ स्वप्ने दर्शनं दत्वा भगवदादेशाद्यक्षे^(३)श्वरेणादिष्टः। यत्त्वमद्य प्रातः क्षौरं कृत्वा लगुडं हस्ते कृत्वा गृहे निभृतं स्थास्यसि। ततोस्मिन्ने^(५)वाङ्गणे समागतं भिक्षु पश्यसि। तं निर्दयं लगुडप्रहारेण हनिष्यसि। ततः सुवर्णकलशो ^(६)भविष्यति। तेन त्वया याव**^(७)ज्जीवं सुखिना भवितव्यम्। ततस्तथानुष्ठिते तद्वृत्तम्। तत्र क्षौरकरणायनीतिन नापितेनालोक्य चिन्तितम्। अये निधिप्राप्तेरयमुपायः। अहमप्येवं किं न करोमि। ततः प्रभृति नापितः प्रत्यहं तथाविधो ल^(८)**गुडहस्तः सुनिभृतं भिक्षोरागमनं प्रतीक्षते। एकदा तेन प्राप्तो भिक्षुर्लगुडेन व्यापादितः। तस्मा^(९)दपराधात्सोपि नापितो राजपुरुषैर्व्यापादितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। पुण्याल्लब्धं यदेकेन इत्यादि। राजाह।
^(१०)पुरावृत्तकथोद्गारैः कथं निर्णीयते परः।
स्यान्निष्कारणबन्धुर्वा किं वा विश्वासघातकः॥९९॥
यातु। प्रस्तुतमनुसंधीयताम्। मलयाधित्यकायां चेच्चित्रवर्णस्तदधुना किं विधेयम्। मन्त्री वदति। देव आगतप्रणिधिमुखान्मया श्रुतं तन्महामन्त्रिणो गृध्रस्योपदेशे ^(११)यच्चित्रवर्णेनानादरः कृतः। ततोसौ मूढो जेतुं शक्यः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(१२)लुब्धःक्रूरोलसोसत्यः प्रमादी भीरुरस्थिरः।
मूढो योधावमन्ता च सुखच्छेद्यो रिपुः स्मृतः॥१००॥
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** १**One who has the half moon for his head ornament, viz., the God Siva. चंद्रार्ध चूडामणिर्यस्य ब० २ He whose sin had worn out. क्षीणं पापं यस्य. ३ The lord of Yakshas–Kubera. ४ Having got yourself shaved. ५ Court.yard. ६ Will betransformed into a golden jar. ७ So long as your life will endure ; so long as you live. ८ With a cudgel in hand. ९For that offence. १० How can an enemy be known by the narration of what happened formerly ? viz. whether he (enemy) is friendly without cause or is treacherous. पुरावृत्तकथोद्वारैः ष० त०. ११ That. १२ That enemy who is avaricious, crnel, lazy, false, careless, timid, unsteady and foolish; and treats a warrior with contempt is said to be easy of destruction.
ततोसौ **^(१)यावदस्मद्दुर्गद्वाररोधं न करोति तावन्नद्यद्रिव^(२)**र्त्मसु तद्बलानि हन्तुं सारसादयः सेनापतयो नियुज्यन्ताम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(३)दीर्घवर्त्मपरिश्रान्तं नद्यद्रिवनसंकुलम्।
घोराभिभयसंत्रस्तं क्षुत्पिपासार्दितं तथा॥१०१॥
प्रमत्तं भोजनव्यग्रं व्याधिदुर्भिक्षपीडितम्।
असंस्थितमभूयिष्ठं वृष्टिवातसमाकुलम्॥१०२॥
पङ्गपांशुजलाच्छन्नं सुव्यस्तं दस्युविद्रुतम्।
एवं भूतं महीपालः परसैन्यं विघातयेत्॥१०३॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)अवस्कन्दभयाद्राजा प्रजागरकृतश्रमम्।
दिवासुप्तं समाहन्यान्निद्राव्याकुलसैनिकम्॥१०४॥
अतस्तस्य प्रमादिनो बलं गत्वा यथा**^(५)**वकाशं दिवानिशं घ्नन्त्वस्मत्सेनापतयः। तथानुष्ठिते चित्रवर्णस्य सैनिकाः सेनापतयश्च बहवो निहताः। ततश्चित्रवर्णो विषण्णः स्वमन्त्रिणं दूरदर्शिनमाह। **^(६)**तात किमित्यस्मदुपेक्षा क्रियते। किं क्वाप्यविनयो ममास्ति। तथा चोक्तम्॥
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** १**Before he blocks up the entrance to our यावत्— तावत् to be translated into English in this way. २ In the paths among rivers, mountains and forests. ३ A king should destroy the army of his enemy, which is tired by a long journey, surrounded by rivers, hills and forests, frightened by the dread of a terrible fire, afflicted by hunger and thirst, careless, engaged in eating, suffering from disease and famine, not stationary, small in number, afflicted by showers of rain and wind, covered by mud, dust and water, greatly scattered and dispersed by thieves, दीर्घवर्त्मपरिश्रान्तं पं.त. ४ A king should destroy his enemy’s army which is tired by keeping awake the whole night through fear of attack and is sleeping by day, and the soldiers in which are overtaken by sleep. ५ At leisure. ६ Friend, good sir. It is a term of address used by elders o youngsters as well as by youngsters to elders.
^(१)न राज्यं प्राप्तमित्येव वर्तितव्यमसांप्रतम्।
श्रियं ह्यविनयो हन्ति जरा रूपमिवोत्तमम्॥१०५॥
अपि च।
^(२)दक्षः श्रियमधिगच्छति पथ्याशी कल्पतां सुखमरोगी।
उद्युक्तो विद्यान्तं धर्मार्थयशांसि च विनीतः॥१०६॥
गृध्रोवदत्। देव शृणु।
^(३)अविद्वानपि भूपालो विद्यावृद्धोपसेवया।
परां श्रियमवाप्नोति जलासन्नतरुर्यथा॥१०७॥
अन्यच्च।
^(४)पानं स्त्रीमृगया द्यूतमर्थदूषणमेव च।
वाग्दण्डयोश्च पारुष्यं व्यसनानि महीभुजाम्॥१०८॥
किं च। **^(५)**नसाहसैकान्तरसानुवर्तिना
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** १**One should not act improperly simply because one has obtained a kingdom; for immodesty destroys prosperity, just as old age destroys excellent beauty. असांप्रतम् lit. in a manner unsuited to an occasion and hence improperly. २ One who is careful obtains wealth, one who eats wholesome food enjoys sound health, one who is free from disease obtains happiness, one who is industrious masters all learning (goes to the end of learning), and one who is well-behaved or modest obtains religious merit (धर्मं). wealth and fame. धर्मार्थयशांसि (द्वंद्व) धर्मंच अर्थंच यशश्च= धर्मार्थ यशांसि ३ Even an illiterate king obtains abundance of wealth by waiting upon those who are well-advanced in learning, just as a tree near water gets (nourishment). विद्यावृद्ध (स. त.) विद्यावृद्धोपसेवया ष. त. ४ Drinking, attachment to women, hunting, gambling, the misuse of wealth, and undue harshness in speech and punishment, (these) are so many drawbacks in kings. ५ Excellent wealth is not possible to be obtained either by him whosesolesentiment is adventure, or by him whose inner soul is distracted þ— the thought about remedcs. Prosperity lies in justice and bravery (combined). साहसम् एव एकांतः रसः तं अनुवर्तते इति उपपद. उपायोपहतांतरात्मना (ब०) उपायेन उपहतः अंतरात्मा यस्य सः.
न चाप्युपायोपहतान्तरात्मना।
विभूतयः शक्यमवाप्तमूर्जिता
नये च शौर्ये च वसन्ति संपदः॥१०९॥
त्वया स्ववलोत्साहमवलोक्य साहसैकवासिना मयो**^(१)**पन्यस्तेष्वपि मन्त्रेष्वनवधानं वाक्पारुष्यं च कृतम्। अतो दुर्नीतेः फलमिदमनुभूयते। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(२)दुर्मन्त्रिणं कमुपयान्ति न नीतिदोषाः
संतापयन्ति कमपथ्यभुजं न रोगाः।
कं श्रीर्न दर्पयति कं न निहन्ति मृत्युः
कं स्त्रीकृता न विषयाः परितापयन्ति॥११०॥
अपरं च।
^(३)मुदं विषादः शरदं हिमागम-
स्तमो विवस्वान्सुकृतं कृतघ्नता।
प्रियोपपत्तिः शुचमापदं नयः
श्रियः समृद्धा अपि हन्ति दुर्नयः॥१११॥
ततो मयाप्यालोचितम् प्रज्ञाहीनोयं राजा। नो चेत्कथं नीतिशास्त्रकथाकौमुदी**^(४)**वागुल्काभिस्तिमिरयति। यतः।
^(५)यस्य नास्ति स्वयं प्रज्ञा शास्त्रं तस्य करोति किम्।
लोचनाभ्यां विहीनस्य दर्पणः किं करिष्यति॥११२॥
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** १** Placed or brought forward, proposed. २What bad minister does not commit faults in policy? What person who eats unwholesome food is not attacked by discases? Whom does not wealth make proud? Whom does not death kill? And whom do not the amorous sports of a woman affict? ६ Sorrow destroys delight, the approach of winter mars the S’arat season, the sun dispells darkness, ingratitude undoes good actions, the obtaining of desired things removes grief, equity destroys misery and inequity destroys even large fortunes. ४ Eclipses the moon-light in the shape of moral stories by the torches of speech नीतिशास्त्रकथा कौमुदी and वागुल्फा are कर्म०. ५ What (good) can (the knowledge of) a science do to him who has no sense himself? What (use) can a mirror render to him who has no eyes?
इत्यालोच्य तूष्णीं स्थितः। अथ राजा बद्धा**^(१)**ञ्जलिराह। तात अस्त्ययं ममापराधः। इदानीं **^(२)**यथावशिष्टबलसहितः प्रत्यावृत्य विन्ध्याचलं गच्छामि तथोपदिश। गृध्रः स्वगतं चिन्तयति। क्रियतामत्र प्रतीकारः। यतः।
दे^(३)वतासु गुरौ गोषु राजसु ब्राह्मणेषु च।
नियन्तव्यः सदा कोपो बालवृद्धातुरेषु च॥११३॥
मन्त्री प्रहस्य ब्रूते। देव मा भैषीः। समाश्वसिहि। शृणु देव।
मन्त्रिणां भिन्नसंघाने भिषजां सांनिपातिके।
कर्माणि व्यज्यते प्रज्ञा सुस्थे को वा न पण्डितः॥११४॥
अपरं च।
^(५)आरभन्तेल्पमेवाज्ञाः कामं व्यग्रा भवन्ति च।
महारम्भा कृतधियस्तिष्ठन्ति च निराकुलाः॥११५॥
तदत्र भवत्प्रतापादेव दुर्गं भङ्क्त्वा कीर्तिप्रता^(६)पसहितं त्वामचिरेण कालेन विन्ध्याचलं नेष्यामि। राजाह। कथमधुना स्वल्पबलेन तत्संपद्यते। गृध्रो वदति। देव सर्वं भविष्यति। यतो विजिगीषोरदीर्घसू**^(७)**त्रता विजयसिद्धेरवश्यंभावि लक्षणं तत्सहसैव दुर्गावरोधः क्रियताम्।
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** १** With folded hands. बद्धः अंजलिः यस्य ब० २ I shall return and go to Vindhyáchala with the remnant of the army. ३ Anger towards deities, preceptor, kings, Bráhmans, as also towards children, old people and the sickly should always be checked or restrained. ४The wisdom of the action of ministers is tested when the peace is broken and that of physicians when there is the disease called सन्निपात (the morbid state of the three humours of the body &c.). Who is not clever (in devising means) when there is all peace or calm? ५ The ignorant begin but a small thing and get very much puzzled, while those who are wise begin great things, hold firm and are not bewildered. महारंभाः and कृतधियः are व. महान्तः आरंभाः येषां ते. and कृताः धियः येषां ते. ६ Accompanied with fame and valour.७ Absence of dilatoriness, quickness.
प्रहितप्रणिधिना बकेनागत्य हिरण्यगर्भस्य तत्कथितम्। देव स्वल्पबल एवायं राजा चित्रवर्णो गृध्रस्य मन्त्रोप**^(१)स्तम्भेन दुर्गावरोधं करिष्यति। राजाह। सर्वज्ञ किमधुना विधेयम्। चक्रो ब्रूते। स्व^(२)**बले सारासारविचारः क्रियताम्। तज्ज्ञात्वा सुवर्णवस्त्रादिकं **^(३)**यथार्हंप्रसादप्रदानं क्रियताम्। यतः।
^(४)यः काकिनीमप्यपथप्रपन्नां
समुद्धरेन्निष्कसहस्रतुल्याम्।
कालेषु कोटिष्वपि मुक्तहस्त-
स्तं राजसिंहं न जहाति लक्ष्मीः॥११६॥
अन्यच्च।
^(५)क्रतौ विवाहे व्यसने रिपुक्षये
यशस्करे कर्मणि मित्रसंग्रहे।
प्रियासु नारीष्वधनेषु बान्धवे-
ष्वतिव्ययो नास्ति नराधिपाष्टसु॥११७॥
यतः।
^(६)मूर्खः स्वल्पव्ययत्रासात्सर्वनाशं करोति हि।
कः सुधीः संत्यजेद्भाण्डं शुक्लस्यैवातिसाध्वसात्॥११८॥
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** १** With the support of the counsel of &c. २ Let the strength and weakness of our army be thought of.३ According to one’s deserts, as one deserves. ४The goddess of wealth never leaves that lion-like king who will as carnestly save even a cowri, which is going to be ill-spent, as if it were equal in value to a thousand gold coins, but will spend even crores with a free hand when an occasion arises. अपथप्रपन्नाम् (द्वि.त.) अपथं प्रपन्नाम् निष्कसहस्रतुल्याम् (तृ. त.) ; मुक्तहस्तः ब. राजसिंह (कर्म.) राजा सिंह इव. ५ Oh king, no man can be said to be extravagant in his expense in eight things, viz., in a sacrifice, in a marriage, in difficulty, in the destruction of the enemy, in an action calculated to bring in fame, in securing friends, on beloved women and on poor relations. अतिव्ययः ब. अति व्ययः यस्य ६ A fool causes the destruction of every thing through the fear of losing a little; what wise man will forego the whole merchandise through the fear of the duty levied upon it?
राजाह। कथमिह **^(१)**समयेतिव्ययो युज्यते। उक्तं च। आपदर्थे धनं रक्षेत् इति॥ मन्त्री ब्रूते। श्रीमतः कथमापदः। राजाह। कदाचिच्चलते लक्ष्मीः। मन्त्री ब्रूते। संचितापि विनश्यति। तद्देव कार्पण्यं विमुच्य दानमानाभ्यां स्वभटाः **^(२)**पुरस्क्रियन्ताम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(३)परस्परज्ञाः संहृष्टास्त्यक्तुं प्राणान्सुनिश्चिताः।
कुलीनाः पूजिताः सम्यग्विजयन्ते द्विषद्वलम्॥११९॥
अपरं च।
^(४)सुभटाः शीलसंपन्नाः संहताः कृतनिश्चयाः।
अपि पञ्चशतं शूरा निघ्नन्ति रिपुवाहिनीम्॥१२०॥
किं च।
^(५)शिष्टैरप्यविशेषज्ञ उग्रश्चकृतनाशकः।
त्यज्यते किं पुनर्नान्यैर्यश्चाप्यात्मंभरिर्नरः॥१२१॥
यतः।
^(६)सत्यं शौर्यं दया त्यागो नृपस्यैते महागुणाः।
एभिर्मुक्तो महीपालः प्राप्नोति खलु वाच्यताम्॥१२२॥
ईदृश प्रस्तावेमात्यास्ता**^(७)**वदेव पुरस्कर्तव्याः। तथा चोक्तम्।
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** १** इह समये=अस्मिन्समये २ Should be honoured or respected. ३ Nobly-born persons, who know each other, who are pleased and who are determined even to sacrifice their lives, conquer the army of the enemy when they are well honoured. ४Even five hundred warriors who are good soldiers, who are possessed of excellent dispositions, who are united and who are full of determination, destroy the whole army of the enemy वाहिनी is a detachment of an army consisting of 81 elephants, as many cars, 243 horse and 405 foot. ५ One who is not able to discriminate, who is fierce and who causes destruction, is left off even by tho respectable, how much more so by others (those who are not respectable,) especially when he is very selfish besides? अविशेषज्ञः उपपद०. ६ Truthfulness, bravery, compassion and charity—these are the great qualities of a king, and when a king is void of these he is blamed or is subjected to censure. ७ First of all.
^(१)यो येन प्रतिबद्धः स्यात्सह तेनोदयी व्ययी।
स विश्वस्तो नियोक्तव्यः प्राणेषु च धनेषु च॥१२३॥
यतः।
^(२)धूर्तः स्त्री वा शिशुर्यस्य मन्त्रिणः स्युर्महीपतेः।
अनीतिपवनक्षिप्तः कार्याब्धौ स निमज्जति॥१२४॥
शृणु देव।
^(३)हर्षक्रोधौ समौ यस्य शास्त्रार्थे प्रत्ययस्तथा।
नित्यं भृत्यानुपेक्षा च तस्य स्याद्धनदा धरा॥१२५॥
^(४)येषां राज्ञा सह स्यातामुच्चयापचयौ ध्रुवम्।
अमात्या इति तान्राजा नावमन्येत्कदाचन॥१२६॥
यतः।
^(५)महीभुजो मदान्धस्य संकीर्णस्येव दन्तिनः।
स्खलतो हि करालम्बः सुहृत्सचिवचेष्टितम्॥१२७॥
अथागत्य प्रणम्य मेघवर्णो ब्रूते। देव दृष्टिप्रसादं कुरु। इदानीं वि**^(६)**पक्षो दुर्गद्वारि वर्तते। तद्देवपादादेशाद्बहिर्निःसृत्य स्वविक्रमं दर्शयामि। तेन देवपादानामानृण्यमुपगच्छामि। चक्रो ब्रूते। मैवम्। यदि
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** १**That man whose fortune is tied up with another’s, will rise or fall with him (that other), and he should be received into confidence and employed (to guard) over both one’s life and wealth व्ययी lit undergoing diminution being reduced &c.२ That king, who has for his counsellors & rogue, a woman or a child, is drowned in the sea of business, being thrown into it by the wind of impropriety. अनीतिपवन (कर्म). क्षिप्त. तृ. त. ३ He whose delight and anger are equal, who has belief in the meauing of the scriptures and who never has any disregard for his servants, will have the earth for his treasure (धनदा). मृत्यानुपेक्षा (ष. त.) भृत्यानां अनुपेक्षा ; धनदा उपपद ४ A king should neverdisrespect those whose elevation and fall take place with his own as a matter of course, simply because they are his ministers. उच्चयापचयौ (द्वंद्व) उच्चयश्च अपचयश्च. २ The actions of friends and ministers are a prop for the support of that king who is blinded by pride and who is, therefore, falling down like an elephant in rut (संकीर्ण). सुहृत्सचिवचेष्टितम् ष. त. ६ An enemy. ७ By the command of your Majesty’s feet. ८ I shall pay off the debt that I owe your Majesty.
बहिर्निःसृत्य योद्धव्यं तदा दुर्गाश्रयणमेव निष्प्रयोजनम्।
अपरं च।
^(१)विषमो हि यथा नक्रःसलिलान्निर्गतो वशः।
वनाद्विनिर्गतः शूरः सिंहोपि स्याच्छृगालवत्॥१२८॥
देव स्वयं गत्वा दृश्यतां युद्धम्। यतः।
^(२)पुरस्कृत्य बलं राजा योधयेदवलोकयन्।
स्वामिनाधिष्ठितः श्वापि किं न सिंहायते ध्रुवम्॥१२९॥
अथ ते सर्वे दुर्गद्वारं गत्वा **^(३)महाहवं कृतवन्तः। अपरेद्युश्चित्रवर्णो राजा गृध्रमुवाच। तात स्वप्रतिज्ञातमधुना निवी^(४)**हय। गृधो ब्रूते। देव शृणु तावत्।
^(४)अकालसहमत्यल्पं मूर्खव्यसनिनायकम्।
अगुप्तं भीरुयोधं च दुर्गव्यसनमुच्यते॥१३०॥
तत्तावदत्र नास्ति।
^(६)उपजापश्चिरारोधोवस्कन्दस्तीव्रपौरुषम्।
दुर्गस्य लङ्घनोपायाश्चत्वारः कथिता इमे॥१३१॥
अत्र यथाशक्ति क्रियते यत्नः। (कर्णे कथयति।) एवमेव। ततोनुदित**^(७)**एव भास्करे चतुर्व्वपि दुर्गद्वारेषु वृत्ते युद्धे दुर्गाभ्यन्तरगृहेष्वेकदा काकैरग्निर्निक्षिप्तः। ततः गृहीतं गृहीतं दुर्गमिति कोलाहलं श्रुत्वा सर्वतः प्रदीप्ताग्निमवलोक्य राजहंससैनिका दुर्गवासिनश्च सत्वरं हृदं प्रविष्टाः। यतः।
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** १** As the aligator though terrible becomes easily conquerable when out of water; so the lion though powerful becomes as tame as a jackal when out of his forest. २ Having put forth his army, a king should make them fight and himself be looking on. Does not even a dog become as brave as the lion when accompained by his master (to encourage him) ? ३ A terrible fight. ४ Perform or do. ५ When the garrison in a fort is unable to sustain a prolonged siege, when it is small in numbers, when its leaders are foolish and vicious, when it is not well protected and when the men in it are timid, it is said to bea calamity of the fort. मूर्खव्यसनिनायकं मूर्खाः व्यसनिनश्च नायकाः यस्य. ब. also भीरुयोधं व. ६ These four are said to be the remedies for storming or capturing a fortress*, viz.*, treachery, a long siege, assault and desperate fighting. ७ Even before the rise of the sun.
^(१)समन्त्रितं सुविक्रान्तं सुयुद्धं सुपलायितम्।
कार्यकाले यथाशक्ति कुर्यान्न तु विचारयेत्॥१३२॥
राजहंसः स्वभावान्मन्दगतिः सारसद्वितीयश्च चित्रवर्णस्य सेनापतिना कुक्कटेनागत्य वेष्टितः। हिरण्यगर्भः सारसमाह। सारस सेनापते ममानुरोधादा**^(२)त्मानं कथं व्यापादयिष्यसि। त्वमधुना गन्तुं शक्तः। तत्कृत्वा जलं प्रविश्यात्मानं परिरक्ष। अस्मत्पुत्रं चूडामणिनामानं सर्वज्ञसंम^(३)**त्या राजानं करिष्यसि। सारसो ब्रूते। देव न वक्तव्यमेवं दुःसहं वचः। यावच्चन्द्रार्कौ दिवि तिष्ठतस्तावद्विजयतां देवः। अहं देव दुर्गाधिकारी। **^(४)**मन्मांसासृग्विलिप्तेन द्वारवर्त्मना प्रविशतु शत्रुः। अपरं च।
^( ५)दाता क्षमी गुणग्राही स्वामी दुःखेन लभ्यते।
राजाह। सत्यमेवैतत्। किंतु।
^(५)शुचिर्दक्षोनुरक्तश्च जाने भृत्योपि दुर्लभः॥१३३॥
सरसो ब्रूते। शृणु देव।
^(६)यदि समरमपास्य नास्ति मृत्यो-
र्भयमिति युक्तमितोन्यतः प्रयातुम्।
अथ मरणमवश्यमेव जन्तोः
किमिति मुधा मलिनं यशः क्रियेत॥१३४॥
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** १** One should take a good counsel, display great valour, fight well, flee soon as best as one can, when an opportunity offers itself and should never waste time in deliberation. २ Through respect for me. ३ Consent ४ Let the enemy enter the fort along the path smeared with my flesh and blood, that is, the enemy cannot enter the fort so long as I live.५ A lord who is liberal, forbearing and appreciative is obtained with great difficulty; I know (think) that even a servant who is pure in conduct, vigilant and devoted is also hard to find. ६ It is proper on one’s part to run away from the battle-field if by so doing there is no fear of death; if however, death is sure to befall a mortal, why should fame be sullied (by fleeing ) in vain?
अन्यच्च। **^(१)**भवेस्मिन्पवनोद्भ्रान्तवीचिविभ्रमभङ्गुरे।
जायते पुण्ययोगेन परार्थे जीवितव्ययः॥१३५॥
^(२)स्वाम्यमात्यश्च राष्ट्रं च दुर्गं कोशो बलं सुहृत्।
राज्याङ्गानि प्रकृतयः पौराणां श्रेणयोपि च॥१३६॥
देव त्वं च स्वामी सर्वथा रक्षणीयः। यतः।
^(३)प्रकृतिः स्वामिनं त्यक्त्वा समृद्धापि न जीवति।
अपि धन्वन्तरिर्वैद्यः किं करोति गतायुषि॥१३७॥
अपरं च।
^(४)नरेशे जीवलोकोयं निमीलति निमीलति।
उदेत्युदीयमाने च रवाविव सरोरुहम्॥१३८॥
अथ कुक्कुटेनागत्य राजहंसस्य शरीरे खर तरनखाघातः कृतः। तदा सत्वरमुपसृत्य सारसेन स्वदेहा**^(५)**न्तरितो राजा जले क्षिप्तः। अथ कुकुटैर्नखप्रहारजर्जरीकृतेन सारसेन कुकुटसेना बहुशो हताः। पश्चात्सारसोपि चञ्चुप्रहारेण विभिद्य व्यापादितः। अथ चित्रवर्णो दुर्गं
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** १** In this worldly existence which is as transitory as the sports of the waves agitated by the wind, the sacrifice of one’s life for the sake of others, happens only through great merit. पवन… भंगुरे qualifying भवे. पवनेन उद्भ्रांतानां वीचीनां विभ्रमवत् भंगुरे. २ Theking, ministers, the country, fort, treasure, army, friends or allies, subjects and the multitudes of citizens,–are the constituent parts of a kingdom. ३The subjects, when without a king, do not live however prosperous they may be; what can even the most excellent physician do to one whose life has departed. ४ The people die when the king dies, and when he prospers they prosper, just as a sun-lotus does ( contract and open at the setting and rising of the sun). The first निमीलति is loc. sing. of the pre. parti. निमीलत्. ५ Concealed or protected by his own body.
प्रविश्य दुर्गावस्थितं द्रव्यं ग्राहयित्वा बन्दि**^(१)भिर्जयशव्दैरानन्दितः स्वस्क^(२)**न्धावारं जगाम॥
अथ राजपुत्रैरुक्तम्। तस्मिन्राजबले स पुण्यवान्सारस एव येन स्वदेहत्यागेन स्वामी रक्षितः। उक्तं चैतत्।
^(३)जनयन्ति सुतान्गावः सर्वा एव गवाकृतीन्।
विषाणोल्लिखितस्कन्धं काचिदेव गवां पतिम्॥१३९॥
विष्णुशर्मोवाच। स तावद्वियाधरीपरिजनः स्वर्गसुखमनुभवतु महासत्त्वः। तथा चोकम्।
^(४)आहवेषु च ये शूराः स्वाम्यर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः।
भर्तृभक्ताः कृतज्ञाश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥१४०॥
^(५)यत्र तत्र हतः शूरः शुत्रुभिः परिवेष्टितः।
अक्षयांल्लभते लोकान्यदि क्लैब्यं न गच्छति॥१४१॥
अपरमप्येवमस्तु।
^(६)विग्रहः करितुरङ्गपत्तिभिर्नो कदापि भवतां महीभुजाम्।
नीतिमन्त्रपवनैः समाहताः संश्रयन्तु गिरिगव्हरं द्विषः॥१४२॥
**^(७)**इति हितोपदेशे विग्रहो नाम तृतीयः कथासंग्रहः समाप्तः।
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** १** Bards whose duty it is to sing the praises of the king.२ Royal camp. ३ All cows bring forth young ones having the shape of bulls, but hardly one among them produces the chief of bulls whose shoulder is scratched by his horns (this being considered a good sign). विषाणो &c., is a ब. विषाणाभ्यां उल्लिखितो स्कन्धो यस्य ४ Those brave persons, who sacrifice their lives for their lord in battles and who are attached to him and are grateful, obtain heaven. ५ Whenever a brave person is surrounded and killed by the enemy, he obtains the eternal worlds, provided he does not flee from the field of battle.६ May there be no battles among kings by means of their elephants, horses and infantry, and may their enemies take shelter in the caves of mountains, being struck as it were, by the winds in the shape of policy and counsel. ७Thus ends the third collection of stories in the Hitopadesha called Hostility.
**॥^(१)संधिः॥ **
पुनः कथारम्भकाले राजपुत्रैरुक्तम्। आर्य विग्रहः श्रुतोस्माभिः। संधिरधुनाभिधीय**^(२)**ताम्। विष्णुशर्मणोक्तम्। श्रूतयाम्। संधिमपि कथयामि यस्यायमाद्यः श्लोकः।
^(३)वृत्ते महति संग्रामे राज्ञोर्निहतसेनयोः।
स्थेयाभ्यां गृध्रकाभ्यां वाचा संधिः कृतः क्षणात्॥१॥
राजपुत्रा ऊचुः। कथमेतत्। विष्णुशर्मा कथयति।
ततस्तेन राजहंसेनोक्तम्। केनास्मद्दुर्गे निक्षिप्तोग्निः। किं**^(४)** पार**^(५)क्येण किं^(४)वास्मद्दुर्गवासिना केनापि विपक्षयुक्तेन। चक्रो ब्रूते। देव भवतो निष्कारणब^(७)न्धुरसौ मेघवर्णः सपरिवारो न दृश्यते। तन्मन्ये तस्यैव विचेष्टि^(८)**तमिदम्। राजा क्षणं विचिन्त्याह। अस्ति तावदेव मम दुर्दैवमेतत्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(९)अपराधः स दैवस्य न पुनर्मन्त्रिणामयम्।
कार्यं सुचरितं क्वापि दैवयोगाद्विनश्यति॥२॥
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** १** Peace. २ Bo rolated or described Imper. 3rd P. Sing Passive of धा with अभि 3 P. and A. ३When there was a severe fight between the two kings whose armies were killed, peace was made (between the two) in a moment orally by the vulture and the crane who were employed as arbiters or judges. निहतसेनयोः (ब.) विहते सेने ययोः. ४ The two words taken together mean whether—or.५ A stranger, & foreigner. ६ Employed by theenemy. तृ. त. ७ A friend without any cause, that is a friend who has no interest to serve, and hence & disinterested friend. निष्कारणबंधुः (कर्म.) निष्कारणश्चासौ बंधुश्च and निष्कारण is ब. This is, of course, said ironically of the crow who had offered his own services and who proved treacherous in theend. ८ Mischief. ९ It is the fault of fateand not of ministers that an action which is well planed (सुचरितम्) should some how be(lit. is) spoiled through its (fate’s) ordinance सुचरितम्–शोभनं चरितंयस्मिन्. व.
मन्त्री ब्रूते। उक्तमेवैतत्।
^(१)विषमां हि दशां प्राप्य दैवं गर्हयते नरः।
आत्मनः कर्मदोषांश्च नैव जानात्यपण्डितः॥३॥
अपरं च।
^(२)सुहृदां हितकामनां यो वाक्यं नाभिनन्दति।
स कूर्म इव दुर्बुद्धिः काष्ठाद्भ्रष्टो विनश्यति॥४॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)रक्षितव्यं सदा वाक्यं वाक्याद्भवति नाशनम्।
हंसाभ्यां नीयमानस्य कूर्मस्य पतनं यथा॥५॥
राजाह। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
॥कथा १॥
अस्ति मगधदेशे फुल्लो^(४)त्पलाभिधानं सरः। तत्र चिरं संक**^(५)**टविकटनामानौ हंसौ निवसतः। तयोर्मित्रं कम्बुग्रीवनामा कूर्मश्च प्रतिवसति। अथैकदा ^(६)धीवरैरागत्य तत्रोक्तम्। यदत्रास्माभिरद्योषित्वा^(७)
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** १** Having been reduced to a miserable condition, a man finds fault with (his) fate; a foolish person never knows the faults of his own actions. कर्मदोषान् ष त. अपंडितः न. त. २That foolish man; who does not pay regard to the advice (lit. words) of friends who are wel-disposed, porishes like the tortoise that fell down from a piece of wood. हितकामानां (ब.) हिताः कामाः येषां दुर्बुद्धिः ( ब०) दुष्टा बुद्धिः यस्य ३ Speach (thedesire of speaking) should always be restrained; destruction takes place through speech like the falling down of a tortoise who was being carried along by two swans. ४ Going by the name of फुल्लोत्पल (having opened lotuses. ) फुल्लानि उत्पलानि यस्मिन्. ब. ५ Named संकट and विकट. संकटविकटौ नाम्नी ययोः ब. ५ Fishermen ७ Having lived. It is absolutive of वस्–वboing changed to उ by the rule of संप्रसारण.
प्रातर्मत्स्यकूर्मादयो व्यापादयितव्याः। तदाकर्ण्य कूर्मों हंसावाह। सुहृदौ श्रुतोयं धीवरा**^(१)लापः। अधुना किं मया कर्तव्यम्। हंसावाहतुः। ज्ञायताम् पुनस्तावत्प्रातर्यदुचितं तत्कर्तव्यम्। कूर्मो ब्रूते। मै^(२)वम्। यतो दृष्टव्यतिकरोहम^(३)**त्र। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(४)अनागतविधाता च प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिस्तथा।
द्वावेतौ सुखमेधेते यद्भविष्यो विनश्यति॥६॥
तावाहतुः। कथमेतत्। कूर्मः कथयति।
॥कथा २॥
पुरास्मिन्नेव सरस्येवंविधे**^(५)षु धीवरेषूपस्थितेषु मत्स्य^(६)त्रयेणालोचितम्। तत्रानागतविधाता नामैको मत्स्यः। तेनालोचितम्। अहं तावज्जलाशया^(७)**न्तरं गच्छामि। इत्युक्त्वा **^(८)हृदान्तरं गतः। अपरेण प्रत्युत्पन्नमति नाम्ना मत्स्येनाभिहितम्। भवि^(९)ष्यदर्थे प्रमाणा^(१०)**भावात्कुत्र मया गन्तव्यम्। तदुत्पन्नेः **^(११)**यथाकार्यं **^(१२)**तदनुष्ठेयम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
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१ Conversation, words. २ Do not(say) so ; understand वद after मैवम्. ३ Ie who has seen(foreseen) ’ the consequences. दृष्टः व्यक्तिकरः येन ब० ४ He who provides for what is not come, and also he who is ready-witted—these two live happily ; (while) he who relies on fate (lit, who says what is to happen will surely happen) perishes.अनागतविधाता ष० त०; प्रत्युप्तन्नमतिः (व०) प्रत्युप्तन्ना मतिर्यस्य ५ Such as are described above. ६ By threefishes or by the collection of three fishes, viz., अमागतविधाता, प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः and यद्भविष्य मत्स्यत्रयेण षः तः ७ To another pend of lake.अन्य जलाशयं कर्मः ८ A lake or ponds ९ For & future contingency. कर्मः १० For want of an authority or evidence. षः तः ११ As it may be necessary to do१२ Here तत् is equal toतथा tocorrespondtoयथा.
^(१)उत्पन्नामापदं यस्तु समाधने स बुद्धिमान्।
वणिजो भार्यया जारः प्रत्यक्षे निह्नुतो यथा॥७॥
यद्भविष्यः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः कथयति।
॥कथा ३॥
पुरा विक्रमपुरे समुद्रदत्तो नाम वणिगस्ति। तस्य रत्नप्र**^(२)**भा नाम गृहिणी स्वसेवकेन सह सदा रमते। अथैकदा सा रत्नप्रभा तस्य सेवकस्य मुखे ^(३)चुम्बनं ददती समुद्रदत्तेनावलोकिता। ततः सा बन्ध^(४)की सत्वरं भर्तुः समीपं गत्वाह। नाथ एतस्य सेवकस्य महती निर्वृतिः^(५)। यतोयं चोरिका ^(६)कृत्वा कर्पूरं खादतीति मयास्य मुखमाघ्राय ज्ञातम्। तथा चोक्तम्। आहारो द्विगुणः स्त्रीणाम् इत्यादि। तच्छ्रुत्वा सेवकेन प्रकुप्योक्तम्। नाथ यस्य स्वामिनो गृह एतादृशी भार्यातत्र सेवकेन कथं स्थातव्यं यत्र प्रतिक्षणं गृहिणी सेवकस्य मुखं जिघ्रति। ततोसावुत्थाय चलितः साधु^(७)ना यत्नात्प्रबोध्यं^(८) धृतः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। उत्पन्नामापदम् इत्यादि॥ततो यद्भविष्येगोक्तम्।
^(९)यदभावि न तद्भावि भावेि चेन्न तदन्यथा।
इति चिन्ताविषन्नोयमगदः किं न पीयते॥८॥
ततः प्रातर्जालेन बद्धः प्रत्युत्यन्नमतिर्मृतवदात्मानं**^(१०)** संदर्श्य स्थितः।
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** १**He who removes a calamity that has arisen is talented; for example—a paramour was concealed by the wife of a trader in his very presence (प्रत्यक्षे). निह्नुतः P. P. ofह्नु 2 A. with नि २The light of lustre of a jewel-so named because she was very beautiful. ३Giving a kiss. ४ An adulteress, a faithless woman. ५ Happiness, pleasure. ६ By stealth, stealthily. ७I do not know who thisसाधु is—perhaps, the author uses साधु as another name for समुद्रदत्त. ८ Was retained with efforts after being remonstrated with. ९ For translation &c. of this verse see verse 20 of प्रस्ताविका.१०Showing himself as if dead; having feigned death.
ततो जाला**^(१)**दपसारितो यथाशक्त्युत्प्लुत्य **^(२)**गंभीरं नीरं प्रविष्टः। यद्भविष्यश्च धीवरैः प्राप्तो व्यापादितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। अनागतविधाता इत्यादि॥ तद्यथाहमन्यहृदं प्राप्नोमि तथा क्रियताम्। हंसावाहतुः। **^(३)**जलाशयान्तरे प्राप्ते तव कुशलम्। **^(४)स्थले गच्छतस्ते को विधिः। कूर्म आह। यथाहं भवद्भ्यां सहाकाश^(५)वर्त्मना यामि तथा विधीयताम्। हंसौ ब्रूतः। कथमुपायः संभवति। कच्छपो वदति। युवाभ्यां चञ्चुधृतं काष्ठखण्डमेकं मया मुखेनाव^(६)लम्ब्य गन्तव्यम्। युवयोः पक्षब^(७)**लेन मयापि सुखेन गन्तव्यम्। हंसौ ब्रूतः। संभवत्येष उपायः। किंतु।
^(८)उपायं चिन्तयन्प्राज्ञो ह्यपायमपि चिन्तयेत्।
पश्यतो बकमूर्खस्य नकुलैर्भक्षिताः प्रजाः॥९॥
कूर्मः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। तौ कथयतः।
॥कथा ४॥
**^(९)अस्त्युत्तरापथे गृध्रकूटनाम्नि पर्वते महान्पिप्पलवृक्षः। तत्रानेकबका निवसन्ति। तस्य वृक्षस्या^(१०)**धस्ताद्विवरे सर्पो **^(११)वालापत्यानि खादति। अथ शो^(१२)**कार्तानां बकानां विलापं श्रुत्वा केनचिद्बकेनाभिहितम्।
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** १** When taken off (from) the net. २ Deep. ३ When another pond is found or reached. ४What will be your fate when you go on land or by land? ५ By the way of thesky, that is, “through the air” as opposed to “ along theground.” ६ Having taken hold of with my mouth.७ On the strength of your wings. ८ A wise man whilefinding out a remedy should also think of an injury or obstacle; the young ones of a foolish crane were devoured by mungooses while he (cranc) was looking on. Here the genetiveabsoluteपश्यतो बकमूर्खस्य has theusual force of opposition-notwithstanding &c. ९In the northern region(lit.In the northern road or direction). १० Below,under ११ The young or tender offspring. बालानिअपत्यानि.कर्म. १२ Afflicted by grief.
एवं कुरुत। यूयं मत्स्यानु**^(१)पादाय नकुलविवरादार^(२)भ्य सर्पविवरं यावत्पङ्क्तिक्रमेण^(३)विकिरत। तदस्तदाहा^(४)**रलुब्धैर्नकुलैरागत्य सर्पोद्रष्टव्यः स्वभावद्वेषाद्व्यापादयितव्यश्च। तथानुष्ठिते **^(६)तद्वृत्तम्। ततस्तत्र वृक्षे नकुलैर्बकशा^(७)वकरावः श्रुतः। पश्चात्तैर्वृक्षमारुह्य बकशावकाः खादिताः। अतआवां ब्रूतः। उपायं चिन्तयन् इत्यादि॥ आवाभ्यां नीयमानं त्वाभवलोक्य लोकैः किंचि^(८)**द्वक्तव्यमेव। तदाकर्ण्य यदि त्वमुत्तरं दास्यसि तदा **^(९)त्वन्मरणम्। तत्सर्वथात्रैव स्थीयताम्। कूर्मो वदति। किमहमप्राज्ञः। नाहमुत्तरं दास्यामि। किमपि न वक्तव्यम्। तथानुष्ठिते तथाविधं कूर्ममालोक्य सर्वे गोरक्षकाः पश्चाद्धावन्ति वदन्ति च। कश्चिद्वदति यद्ययं कूर्मः पतति तदाचैव ^(१०)पक्त्वा खादितव्यः। कश्चिद्वदति अत्रैव दग्ध्वा खादितव्योयम्। कश्चिद्वदति गृहं नीत्वा भक्षणीय इति। तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा स कूर्मः कोपा^(११)विष्टो वि^(१२)स्मृतपूर्वसंस्कारः प्राह। युष्माभिर्भ^(१३)स्मभक्षितव्यम्। इति वदन्नेव^(१४) पतितस्तैव्यापादितश्च। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। सुहृदां हितकामानाम् इत्यादि॥ अथ प्रणिधिर्बकस्तत्रागत्योवाच। देव प्रागेव मया निगदि^(१५)**तम्। दुर्गशोधन हि प्रतिक्षणं कर्तव्यमिति। तच्च युष्माभिर्न कृतं **^(१६)**तदनवधानस्य
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** १**Having fetched. २ Biginning from the hole of the mungoose to the hole of the serpent, that is, from the hole of the mungoose to that of the serpent. ३ In a line or row. · ४ Greedy of that food, viż, the fishes. ५ Through natural antipathy—the enmity between the mungoose and the snake is well-known. ६ It happened—as it was settled, viz., the procuring of fishes &c.७ The crying of the young ones of the cranes. ८ Will surely say or speak something. Theuse of the Pot. Passive Participle in the sense of certainty &cis very frequent. ९ Then you will surely die. १० Abs of पच्1 P. ११ Full of anger, possessed by anger. तृ. त १२ Who had forgotten the former impressions, or who had forgotten what was previously told him by the swans. विस्मृताः पूर्वसंस्काराः येन. ब. १३ Ashes. १४ While he was uttering thesewords,as soon as these words had escaped his lips. १५ Spoken or said, P. P. of गद्. 1 P. with नि. १६ of not attending to it
फलमनुभूतम्। ^(१)दुर्गदाहो मेघवर्णेन वायसेन गृध्रप्रयुक्तेन कृतः। राजा निःश्वस्याह।
^(२)प्रणयादुपकाराद्वा यो विश्वसिति शत्रुषु।
स सुप्त इव वृक्षाग्रात्पतितः प्रतिबुद्ध्यते॥१०॥
प्रणिधिरुवाच। इतो दुर्गदाहं विधाय यदागतो मेघवर्णस्तदा चित्रवर्णेन प्र**^(३)**सादितेनोक्तम्। अयं मेघवर्णोत्र कर्पूरद्वीपराज्येभिषिच्यताम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(४)कृतकृत्यस्य भृत्यस्य कृतं नैव प्रणाशयेत्।
फलेन मनसा वाचा दृष्ट्या चैनं प्रहर्षयेत्॥११॥
चक्रवाको ब्रूते। तत**^(५)**स्ततः। प्रणिधिरुवाच। ततः **^(६)**प्रधानमन्त्रिणा गृध्रेणाभिहितम्। देव नेदमुचितम्। **^(७)**प्रसादान्तरं किमपि क्रियताम्। यतः।
^(८)अविचारयतो युक्तिकथनं तुषखण्डनम्।
नीचेषूपकृतं राजन्वालुकास्विवमूत्रितम्॥१२॥
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** १**The buring of the fortress.२He, who places confidence in enemies either through love or obligations conferred, is awakened (has his eyes opened to the reality of his situation) like a man who is sleeping and falls down from the top of a tree. ३ Pleased, gratified. P. P. of the caus. of सद् 1. P. with प्र. ४ One should never nullify the actions of a servant who has done what he ought to have done; but one should please bim (servant)। by means of ramanoration, (adequate to the benefit conferred) by (kind) thoughts, (kind). words and (kind) looks. कृतकृत्यस्य (व) कृतं कृत्यं येन तस्य. प्रणाशयेत् caus. of नश् 4. P. with प्र. ५ What next? What followed that ? ६ Chief or prime-minister. ७ Some other favour or reward should be shown or given. प्रसादांत्तर (कर्म ) अन्यः प्रसादः ८ Giving advice to an inconsiderate person is (as useless as) the pounding of chaff; oh king, the obligations conferred on the mean are like making: water on sand. अविचारयतः Gen. sing. of the Pre. Parti adj;. from विचर् causal. तुषखंडनं lit, the cutting of the chaff of grain.
महता**^(१)मास्पदे नीचः कदापि न कर्त^(२)**व्यः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(३)नीचः श्लाध्यपदं प्राप्य स्वामिनं हन्तुमिच्छति।
मूषिको व्याघ्रतां प्राप्य मुनिं हन्तुं गतो यथा॥१३॥
चित्रवर्णः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
॥कथा ५॥
अस्ति गौतमस्य महर्षेस्तपोवने **^(४)**महातपा नाम मुनिः। तेन मुनिना काकेन नीयमानो मूषिकशावको दृष्टः। ततः ^(५)स्वभावदयात्मना तेन मुनिना नी^(६)वारकणैः संवर्धितः। ततो बिडालस्तं मूषिकं खादितुमुपधावति। तमवलोक्य मूषिकस्तस्य मुनेः क्रोडे^(७) प्रविवेश। ततो मुनिनोक्तम्। मुषिक त्वं मार्जरो भव। ततः स बिडालः **^(८)कुक्कुरं दृष्ट्वापलायते। ततो मुनिनोक्तम्। कु^(९)क्कुराद्बिभेषि। त्वमेव कुकुरो भव। स च कुक्कुरो व्याघ्राद्विभेति। ततस्तेन मुनिना कुक्कुरो व्याघ्रः कृतः। अथ तं व्याघ्रं मुनिर्मूषिको^(१०)**यमिति पश्यति। अथ तं मुनिं दृष्ट्वा व्याघ्रं च सर्वे वदन्ति। अनेन मुनिना मूषिको व्याघ्रतां नीतः। एतच्छ्रुत्वा स व्याघ्रोचिन्तयत्। यावदनेन मुनिना स्थातव्यं तावदिदं मेस्वरू^(११)पाख्याजनकीर्तिकरं न पलायिष्यते। इत्या-
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** १** In the place to be filled up by the great.२ Appointedequal in sense to नियोक्तव्यः ३ A mean person having a position of honour wishes to kill the lord (that has raised him to elevation) as the mouse having got the condition of the tiger became ready to kill his lord. श्लाघ्यदं (कर्म) श्लाघ्यं पदम् ४ of great penanco. महत् तपः यस्य. ब. ५ He who was compassionate by nature. ६ A kind of wild rice-वरी in Marathi. ७ The lap. ८A dog. ९ You are afraid of the dog. Here the word कुक्कुरfrom whom the fear proceeds is put in the ablative case. १० Looks upon him as a mouse. ११ So long as this sage lives, the disgraceful account of my transformation will not vanish. स्वरूपाख्यानं ष. त.
लोच्य मूषिकस्तं मुनिं हन्तुं गतः। ततो मुनिना तज्ज्ञात्वा पुनर्मूषिको भव इत्युक्त्वा मूषिक एव कृतः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। नीचः श्लाघ्यपदम् इत्यादि। अपरं च। सु**^(१)**करमिदमिति न मन्तव्यम्। शृणु।
^(२)भक्षयित्वा बहून्मत्स्यानुत्तमाधममध्यमान्।
अतिलोभाद्बकाः पश्चान्मृतः कर्कटकग्रहात्॥१४॥
चित्रवर्णः पृच्छति। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
॥कथा ६॥
अस्ति मालवदेशे ^(३)पद्मगर्भनामधेयं सरः। तत्रैको वृद्धो बकः सामर्थ्यही**^(४)न उद्विग्नमिवात्मानं दर्शयित्वा स्थितः। स च केनचित्कुलीरेण^(५)** दृष्टः पृष्टश्च। किमिति भवानत्राहारत्यागेन**^(६)** तिष्ठति। बकेनोक्तम्। मत्स्या मम जीवनहे**^(७)तवः ते कैवर्तैरागत्य व्यापादयितव्या इति वार्ता नगरोपान्ते^(८)** मया श्रुता। अतो वर्तनाभा**^(९)**वादेवास्मन्मरणमुपस्थितमिति ज्ञात्वाहारेप्यनादरः कृतः। ततो मत्स्यैरालोचितम्। इह ^(१०)समये तावदुपकारक एवायं लक्ष्यते। तदयमेव **^(११)**यथाकर्तव्यं पृच्छ्यताम्। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(१२)उपकर्त्रारिणा संधिर्न मित्रेणापकारिणा।
उपकारापकारौ हि लक्ष्यं लक्षणमेतयोः ॥१९॥
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** १** Easy to do or easy of execution. २ Having devoured many fishes of various grades, viz., the best, the lowest and the middling, a crane died afterwards through excessive greed, being seized by a crab. उत्तमा…….. न् (द्वंद्व.) उत्तमांश्चाधमांश्च मध्यमांश्च ग्रह्ऽeizure, grasp. ३ Going by the name of पद्मगर्भ (ब.) पद्मानि गर्भे यस्य, that is, full of lotuses or abounding in lotuses. ४ Void of strength. ५A crab. ६ Having abandoned. ७ The cause of my life, that is, the. support of my life. ८ In the vicinity. ९Through the sheer absence of means of living or livelihood.१० As to this time, at this time at least ११ How to proceed or act. १२ Peace may be made with an enemy who obliges and not with a friend who injures; for obligation and injury should be known as the signs of the two उपकारापकारौ द्वंद्व-
मत्स्या ऊचुः। भो बक कोत्र रक्षणोपायः। बको ब्रूते। अस्ति रक्षणोपायो **^(१)जलाशयान्तराश्रयणम्। तत्राहमेकै^(२)कशो युष्मान्नयामि। मत्स्या आहुः। एवमस्तु। ततोसौ बकस्तान्मत्स्यानेकैकशो नीत्वा खादति। अनन्तरं कुलीरस्तमुवाच। भो बक मामपि तत्र नय। ततो बकोप्यपूर्वकुलीरमांसा^(३)**र्थी सादरं तं नीत्वा स्थले **^(४)**धृतवान्। कुलीरोपि मत्स्थकण्टकाकीर्णं तत्स्थलमालोक्याचिन्तयत्। हा हतोस्मि मन्दभाग्यः। भवतु। इदानीं **^(६)समयोचितं व्यवहरिष्यामि। इत्यालोच्य कुलीरस्तस्य ग्रीवां चिच्छेद। स बकः पञ्चत्वं गतः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। भक्षयित्वा बहून्मत्स्यानित्यादि॥ ततश्चित्रवर्णोवदत्। शृणु तावन्मन्त्रिन् मयैतदालोचि^(७)तमस्ति॥ अत्रावस्थितेन मेघवर्णेन राज्ञा यावन्ति वस्तूनि कर्पूरद्वीपस्योत्तमानि तावन्त्यस्मा^(८)**कमुपनेतव्यानि। तेनास्माभिर्महासुखेन विन्ध्याचले स्थातव्यम्। दूरदर्शी विहस्याह। देव।
^(९)अनागतवतीं चिन्तां कृत्वा यस्तु प्रहृष्यति।
स तिरस्कारमाप्नोति भग्नभाण्डो द्विजो यथा॥१६॥
राजाह। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
॥कथा ७॥
अस्ति देवीको**^(१०)**टनाम्नि नगरे देवशर्मा नाम ब्राह्मणः तेन महा-
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** १** Resorting to another pond or lake. २ one by one,singly. ३ Desirous of eating the flesh of the crab rare to obtain (अपूर्व). ४ Placed, laid down ५ Full of the bones ’ of fishes, (lit. thorns of fishes ). ६ Suitably to the occasion.. ७.My plan is this. ८Should be brought to us or given to us. ९ He, who feels delighted by thinking of an affair not yet come, meets with contempt as did the Bráhmana (in thefollowing story) whose pot was broken भग्नभांडः (ब.) भग्नानि भांडानि यस्य. १०The modern Devicotta.
वि**^(१)षुवत्संक्रान्त्यां सक्तुपू^(२)**र्णशराव एकः प्राप्तः। तमादायासौ कुम्भकारस्य **^(३)भाण्डपूर्णमण्डपकैदेशे रौद्रे^(४)णाकुलितः सुप्तः। ततः सक्तुरक्षार्थं हस्ते दण्डमेकमादायाचिंतयत्। यद्यहं सक्तुशरावं विक्रीय दश कपर्दकान्प्राप्स्यामि तदात्रैव तैः कपर्दकैर्षटशरावादिकमुपक्रीयानेक^(७)**धा वृद्धैस्तद्धनैः पुनः पुनः **^(८)पूगवस्त्रादिकमुपक्रीय विक्रीय लक्षसंख्यानि ध^(९)**नानि कृत्वा विवाहचतुष्टयं करिष्यामि। अनन्तरं तासु **^(१०)संपत्नीषु रूपयौवनवती या तस्यामधिकानुरागं करिष्यामि। सपत्न्यो यदा द्व^(११)**द्वं करिष्यन्ति तदा कोपाकुलोहं ता लगुडेन ताडयिष्यामि। इत्यभिधाय लगुडः क्षिप्तः। तेन सक्तुशरावश्चूर्णितो भाण्डानि च बहूनि भग्नानि। ततस्तेन शद्वेनागतेन कुम्भकारेण **^(१२)**तथाविधानि भाण्डान्यवलोक्य ब्राह्मणस्तिरस्कृतो मण्डपाद्बहिष्कृतश्च। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। अनागतवतीं चिंताम् इत्यादि॥ ततो राजा रहसि गृध्रमुवाच। तात यथा कर्तव्यं तथोपदिश। गृधो ब्रूते।
^(१३)मदोद्धतस्य नृपतेः संकीर्णस्येव दन्तिनः।
गच्छन्त्युन्मार्गयातस्य नेतारः खलु वाज्यताम्॥१७॥
शृणु देव। किमस्माभिर्ब**^(१४)लदर्पाद्दुर्गं भग्नम्। न। किंतु तव प्र^(१५)**तापाधि-
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** १** Onthe day of the great equinox (the day on which the days and nights are of equal length). २A pot filled with barley. ३ Ina part of the pavilion full of pots. ४ Being filled with fear (रौद्र). ५ The lowest coin possible. ६ Pots, jars and thelike. ७ With these increased many times. ८Betel, cloth and other things. पूगवस्त्रे आदिनी यस्य ९ Having increased my wealth to the amount of one hundred thousand coins. १० Fellow-wives. समानः पतिर्यासां तासु. ब. ११ Quarrel. १२ Inthat condition, viz., broken. १३ The advisers (lendors) of an intoxicated king who is like.anelephant in rut and who, therefore goes astray, are indeed blamed or censured. मदोद्धत तृ. त. १४ Through the pride of our army. १५ Residing in your valour.
ष्ठितेनोपायेन। राजाह। भवतामुपायेन। गृधो ब्रूते। यद्यस्मद्वचनं क्रियते तदा स्वदेशे गम्यताम्। अन्यथा वर्षाकाले प्राप्ते पुनर्विग्रहे सत्यस्माकं परभूमि**^(१)ष्ठानां स्वदेशगमनमपि दुर्लभं भविष्यति सुखशो^(२)भार्थं संधाय गम्यताम्। दुर्गं भग्नं कीर्तिश्च लब्धैव। मम संम^(३)**तं तावदेतत्। यतः।
^(४)यो हि धर्मं पुरस्कृत्य हित्वा भर्तुः प्रियाप्रिये।
अप्रियाण्याह तथ्यानि तेन राजा सहायवान्॥१८॥
अन्यच्च।
^(५)सुहृद्बलं तथा राज्यमात्मानं कीर्तिमेव च।
युधि संदेहदोलास्थं कोहि कुर्यादबालिशः॥१९॥
अपरं च।
^(६)संधिमिच्छेत्समेनापि संदिग्धो विजयो युधि।
सुन्दोपसुन्दावन्योन्यं नष्टौ तुल्यवलौ न किम्॥२०॥
राजोवाच। कथमेतत्। मन्त्री कथयति।
॥कथा ८॥
पुरा दै**^(७)त्यौ महो^(८)दारौ सुन्दोपसुन्दनामानौ महता क्लेशेन त्रैलो^(९)**क्यकामनया
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** १**Residing in or inhabiting a foreign land.२For the man pleasure or delight of happiness. ३ Opinion, advice. ४A king is said to have a friend (सहाय) in that man who having given prominence to duty and having disregarded what is liked and what is disliked by his master, says (advises) unpleasant truths. प्रियाप्रिये. द्वंद्व.५ For what wise (अबालिशः) will risk on the chance of a battle the strength of his friends, his kingdom, himself and his fame? संदेहदोलास्थं (lit.) means, standing on the swing of doubt and hence, risky. सुहृद्बलं. सुहृदां बलं (ष. त.) संदेहदोलास्थं dissolve संदेहः एव दोला (कर्म.) तस्यां तिष्टतीति संदेहदोलास्थं. उपपद. अबालिशः न. त. ६ One should wish to make peace even with an equal, (for) success in battle is doubtful; did not Sunda and Upsunda who were equal in strength perish at the hands of each other? ७ Giants, domons. ८Very upright or straightforward. ९ With the desire of securing the three worlds. त्रैलोक्यस्य कामनया ष. त.
चिराच्चन्द्रशे**^(१)**खरमाराधितवन्तौ। ततस्तयोर्भगवान्परितुष्टः वरं वरयतमित्युवाच। अनन्तरं तयोः **^(२)समाधिष्ठितया सरस्वत्यां तावन्यद्व^(३)क्तुकामावन्यदभिहितवन्तौ। यद्यावयोर्भगवान्परितुष्टस्तदा स्वप्रियां पार्वतीं परमेश्वरो ददातु। अथ भगवता क्रुद्धेन वर^(४)दानस्यावश्यकतया विचा^(५)रमूढयोः पार्वती प्रदत्ता। ततस्तस्या रूप^(६)**लावण्यलुब्धाभ्यां **^(७)जगद्वातिभ्यां मनसोत्सुकाभ्यां पापतिमिराभ्यां ममेत्यन्योन्यकल^(९)हाभ्यां प्रमा^(१०)**णपुरुषः कश्चित्पृच्छ्यतामिति मतौ **^(११)कृतायां स एव भट्टा^(१२)रको वृद्धद्विज^(१३)रूपः समागत्य तत्रोपास्थितः। अनन्तरमावाभ्यामियं स्वबललब्धा कस्येय^(१४)**मावयोर्भवतीति ब्राह्मणमपृच्छताम्। ब्राह्मणो ब्रूते।
^(१५)वर्णश्रेष्ठोद्विजः पूज्यः क्षत्रियो बलवानपि।
धनधान्याधिको वैश्यः शूद्रस्तु द्विजसेवया॥२१॥
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** १**The moon-crested God Siva, for that god has the moon on his crest. चंद्रः शेखरः यस्य. ब. २ By reason of (the goddess of learning) Sarasvati having taken possession of them. ३They two who were desirous of saying one thing said an- other (अन्यत् -अन्यत one and another). ४ On account of the necessity for granting a boon अवश्यकतयाabst noun from अवश्यक. ५ To themwhose thoughts were foolish, or who thought foolishly,विचारे मूढयोःस. त. Here the genetive is used for the dative, ६ Fascinated by her beauty and charms. (च. त.) रूपलावण्याभ्यां लुब्धाभ्याम् ७ Who were the destroyers of the worlds.८ Full of darkness in the shape of or (ignorance) consequent on sin. पापं तिमिरं ययोः ताभ्याम् . व. ९ Quarreling with each other. १० An umpire or arbiter, a judge ११ When they had so resolved. १२ Deity. १३ Disguised as an old Bráhmana वृद्धद्विजस्येव रूपं यस्य. ब. १४To which of us two does she belong? १५ A twico-born ( Bráhmana ) who is superior by caste, a kshatriya ( one of the warrior class) who is rich in wealth and corn and a Sudra who serves the twice-born, are to be honoured. Here पूज्यः is to be taken after क्षत्रियः, वैश्यः and शूद्रःalso. वर्णश्रेष्ठः तृ. त. धनधान्याधिकः—धनधान्याभ्यां अधिकः तृ. त.
**^(१)**तद्युवां क्षत्रधर्मानुगौ। युद्ध **^(२)एवयुवयोर्नियमः। इत्यभिहिते सति साधूक्तमनेनेति कृत्वान्यो^(३)न्यतुल्यवीर्यौ सम^(४)**कालमन्योन्यघातेन विनाशमुपगतौ। अतोहंब्रवीमि। संधिमिच्छेत्समेनापि इत्यादि॥ राजाह। प्रागेव किं नोक्तं भवद्भिः। मन्त्री ब्रूते। मद्वचनं किमवसानपर्यन्तं श्रूतं **^(५)भवद्भिः। तदापि मम सं^(६)**मत्या नायं विग्रहारम्भः। साधुगुणयुक्तोयं हिरण्यगर्भो न वि^(७)ग्राह्यः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(८)सत्यार्थौ धार्मिकोनार्यो भ्रातृसंघातवान्बली।
अनेकयुद्धविजयी संधेयाः सप्त कीर्तिताः॥२२॥
^(९)सत्योनुपालयेत्सत्यं संधितो नैति विक्रियाम्।
प्राणबाधेपि सुव्यक्तमार्यो नायात्यनार्यताम्॥२३॥
^(१०)धार्मिकास्याभियुक्तस्य सर्व एव हि युध्यते।
प्रजानुरागाद्धर्माच्च दुःखोच्छेद्यो हि धार्मिकः॥२४॥
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** १** Following the duties or profession of warriors. क्षात्रधर्मअनुगच्छतः इति. २ Battleor fight alone is applicable in your case. ३ Who were equal in valour to each other. अन्योन्यं तुल्यं वीर्यययोः ब. ४ Simultaneously. ५ Did you listen to my advice to the end or to the last. ६With my approval. ७Should not be, or does not deserve to be, declared hostility with.८ These even are declared fit to bo made friends with, viz., he who is truthful, he who is polite, he who is religious, he who is not polite, he who has a number of friends or brothers, he who is powerful and he who is victorious in many battles, सत्यार्यौ—सत्यश्च आर्यश्च (द्वंद्व) अनेकयुद्धविजयी (ब) अनेकेषु युद्धेषु- विजयः वर्तते यस्य ९ He, who is truthfull, will keep faith and will not change if made peace with, and a respectableperson will never become disrespectable even if there be danger to life. अनार्यताम् abs noun from अनार्य. १० When & pious man is attacked, all will fight for him, or on account of piety or religious devotion and the love of subjects of pious man is lard to destroy.-दुःखोच्छेद्यः तृ. त.
^(१)संधिःकार्योप्यनार्येण विनाशे समुपस्थिते।
विना तस्याश्रयेणार्यः कुर्यान्न कालयापनम्॥२५॥
^(२)संहतत्वाद्यथा वेणुर्निबिडैः कण्टकैर्वृतः।
न शक्यते समुच्छेत्तुं भ्रातृसंघातवांस्तथा॥२६॥
^(३)बलिना सह योद्धव्यमिति नास्ति निदर्शनम्।
प्रतिवातं नहि घनः कदाचिदुपसर्पति॥२७॥
^(४)जमदग्नेःसुतस्येव सर्वः सर्वत्र सर्वदा।
अनेकयुद्धजयिनः प्रतापादेव भुज्यते॥२८॥
^(५)अनेकयुद्धविजयी संघानं यस्य गच्छति।
तत्प्रतापेन तस्याशु वशमायान्ति शत्रवः॥२९॥
तत्र तावद्बहुभिर्गुणैरुपेतः संधेयोयं राजा। चक्रवाकोवदत्। प्रणिधे सर्वत्रावव्र**^(६)**ज। सर्वमवगतम्। गत्वा पुनरागमिष्यसि। राजा चक्रवाकं पृष्टवान्। मन्त्रिन् असंधेयाः^(७)कति। ताञ्श्रोतुमिच्छामि। मन्त्री ब्रूते। देव कथयामि। शृणु।
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** १** Peace should be made even with a disrespectable person when distruction is imminent and a respectable man should not allow an time to passbefore he has taken resort with him (a disrespectable person). कालयापनं ष. त. यापन is a noun from the causal of या 2 P. २ Just as a bamboo covered with thorns cannot be easily destroyed by reason of unity; so cannot one who has a multitude of relatives for hisassistants. ३It is not a rule that one should fight with a powerful person, for a cloud never goes against the current of wind (प्रतिवातं). प्रतिवातं adv ४ Every one is always everywhere defeated through the mere valour of one who has gained success in many battles, as through that (valour) of the son of Jamadagni (Parasuráma). Hore भुज्यतेis used in a peculiar sense of being overpowered or defeated. ५Enemies quickly submit to him with whom one who has gained success in many battles forms friendship through his (latter’s) valour. ६ Ascertain from all sources or sides ७ How many are there who should not be made peace with ?
^(१)बालो वृद्धो दीर्घरोगी तथा ज्ञातिबहिष्कृतः।
भीरुको भीरुजनको लुब्धो लुब्धजनस्तथा॥३०॥
^(२)विरक्तप्रकृतिश्चैव विषयेष्वतिसक्तिमान्।
अनेकचित्तमन्त्रस्तु देवब्राह्मणनिन्दकः॥३१॥
दैवोपहतकश्चैव तथा दैवपरायणः।
दुर्भिक्षव्यसनोपेतो बलव्यसनसंकुलः॥३२॥
अदेशस्थो बहुरिपुर्युक्तः कालेन यश्च न।
सत्यधर्मव्यपेतश्च विंशतिः पुरुषा अमी॥३३॥
^(२)एतैः संधिं न कुर्वीत विगृह्णीयात्तु केवलम्।
एते विगृह्यमाणा हि क्षिप्रं यान्ति रिपोवर्शम्॥३४
^(३)बालस्याल्पप्रभावत्वान्न लोको योद्धुमिच्छति।
युद्धायुद्धफलं यस्माज्ज्ञातुं शक्तो न बालिशः॥३५॥
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** १** A child, an old man, one who is long sick, one who is out-casted, one who is timid, one whose servants are timid, one who is avaricious and also one whose servants are greedy, one whose ministers are disaffected, one who is excessively attached to pleasures, one who receives advice from many heads (people), one who censures gods and Bráhmans; one whose fate is adverse, also one who relies on fate as all in all; one who is overtaken by the calamity. of scarcity, one who is troubled by a calamity to his army, one who does not stay in the country, one who has many enemies, one whose actions are not limited by time, one who swerves from the true religion—these are the twenty persons. ज्ञातिबहिष्कृतः तृ. त; भीरुजनकः (ब०) भीरुकाः जनाः यस्य. Similarly dissolve लुब्धजनः, विरक्तप्रकृतिः; अनेकचित्तमंत्रः, दैवपरायणः and बहुरिपुः देवब्राह्मणनिंदकः ष. त. २One should not make peace with these, but should only fight,for these when fought with easily come within the power of the enemy.३ By reason of the little strength of a child people do not wish to fight (with him), since an ignorant (lit. childish) person is not able to know the consequences of fighting or otherwise. युद्धायुद्धफलं—युद्धायुद्धयोः फलं ष. त.
^(१)उत्साहशक्तिहीनत्वाद्वृद्धो दीर्घामयस्तथा।
स्वैरेव परिभूयेते द्वावप्येतावसंशयम्॥३६॥
^(२)सुखोच्छेद्यो हि भवति सर्वज्ञातिबहिष्कृतः।
त एवैनं विनिघ्नन्ति ज्ञातयस्त्वात्मसात्कृताः॥३७॥
^(३)भीरुर्युद्धपरित्यागात्स्वयमेव प्रणश्यति।
तथैव भीरुपुरुषः सङ्ग्रामे तैर्विमुच्यते॥३८॥
^(४)लुब्धस्या संविभागित्वान्न युध्यन्तेनुयायिनः।
लुब्धानुजीविकैरेष दानाभिन्नैर्निहन्यते॥३९॥
संत्यज्यते प्रकृतिभिर्विरक्तप्रकृतिर्युधि।
सुखाभियोज्यो भवति विषयेष्वतिसक्तिमान्॥४०॥
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१ On account of the absence of energy and strength, an old man and also one who is long sick—these two are undoubtedly defeated by their own people. दीर्घामयः (व०) दीर्घः आमयः यस्य २ Hewho is excommunicated by the whole caste, can be very easily destroyed, for those very caste-people when won over undo him. सर्वज्ञातिबहिष्कृतः (तृ.त.) सर्वज्ञात्या बहिष्कृतः ३ A timid man by giving up fighting persishes of himself; so also one whose men are timid is deserted by them in battle. युद्धपरित्यागात्—युद्धस्य परित्यागात् ष.त.; भीरुपुरुषः (ब.) भीरवः पुरुषाः यस्य ४ Theattendants of an avaricious person do not fight for him on account of his not sharing the spoils of war with them; and he (whose attendants are avaricious) is killed by the greedy attendants when they are bought over by bribes असंविभागित्वं न० त०. संविभागित्वं an abst. noun from संविभागिन्. लुब्धानुजीविकैः कर्म०, दानभिन्नैःतृ. त. ५ He, whose ministers or subjects are disaffected is deserted by them (ministers or subjects) in battle and he who is excessively attached to pleasures can be easily attacked, सुखाभियोज्यः (तृ. त.). सुखेन अभियोज्यः.
^(१)अनेकचित्तमन्त्रस्तु भेद्यो भवति मन्त्रिणा।
अनवस्थितचित्तत्वात्कार्यतः स उपेक्ष्यते॥४१॥
^(२)सदा धर्मबलीयस्त्वाद्देवब्राह्मणनिन्दकः।
विशीर्यते स्वयं ह्येष दैवोपहतकस्तथा॥४२॥
^(३)संपत्तेश्च विपत्तेश्च दैवमेव हि कारणम्।
इति दैवपरो ध्यायन्नात्मानमपि चेष्टते॥४३॥
^(४)दुर्भिक्षव्यसनी चैव स्वयमेव विषीदति।
बलव्यसनयुक्तस्य योद्धुं शक्तिर्न जायते॥४४॥
^(५)अदेशस्थो हि रिपुणा स्वल्पकेनापि हन्यते।
ग्राहोल्पीयानपि जले गजेन्द्रमपि कर्षति॥४५॥
^(६)बहुशत्रुस्तु संत्रस्तः श्येनमध्ये कपोतवत्।
येनैव गच्छति पथा तेनैवाशु विपद्यते॥४६॥
^(७)अकालसैन्ययुक्तस्तु हन्यते कालयोधिना।
कौशिकेन हतज्योतिर्निशीथ इव वायसः॥४७॥
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१He who receives counsel from various persons can be easily won over by the minister, and he is made to neglect his business on account of the unsteady state of his mind. २ On account of religion being always a powerful factor he who reviles gods and Brahmins is destroyed of himself and so also is one who is a fatalist.३ A fatalist considering that fate alone is the cause of prosperity and adveraity, does not even move himself or does not shift for himself. दैवपरः (व.) दैवं परं ( प्रधानं ) यस्य. ४He who is overtaken by the calamity of famine sinks down of himself and he whose army is in distress, has no strength to fight.५ He who is not an inhabitant of the country is destroyed even by an insignificant enemy; (for example) even a small crocodile in water draws in even the lord of elephants. ६He who has many enemies is like a frightened pigeon in the midst of cranes, and perishes soon by whatever way he may go. ७He who is surrounded by an army assembled together untimely, is killed by him who fights at a fitting opportunity, as the crow who loses the light of vision at night is killed by an owl. अकालसैन्ययुक्तः (तृ० त०) अकाले सैन्येन युक्तः कालयोधिना-काले युध्यते इति. कालयोधी तेन हतज्योतिः (ब०) हतं ज्योतिर्यस्य.
^(१)सत्यधर्मव्यपेतेन संदध्यान्न कदाचन।
स संधितोप्यसाधुत्वादचिराद्याति विक्रियाम्॥४८॥
अपरमपि कथयामि। संधिविग्रहया**^(२)नासनसंश्रयद्वैधीभावाः ^(३)षाड्गुण्यम्। कर्मणा^(४)मारम्भोपायः पुरुषद्र^(५)व्यसंपद्देशकाल^(६)विभागो विनिपातप्रती^(७)कारः कार्यसिद्धिश्च प^(८)ञ्चाङ्गो मन्त्रः। साम^(९)**दानभेददण्डाश्चत्वार उपायाः। उत्साहशक्तिर्मन्त्रशक्तिः **^(१०)**प्रभुशक्तिश्चेतिशक्तित्रयम्। **^(११)**एतत्सर्वमालोच्य नित्यं विजिगीषवो भवन्ति महान्तः।
^(१२)यो हि प्राणपरित्यागमूल्येनापि न लभ्यते।
सा श्रीर्नीतिविदं पश्य चञ्चलापि प्रधावति॥४९॥
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** १** One should never make peace with him who departs from the true religion, (for) though made peace with, he soon changes (his mind) by reason of the absence of goodness in him. २ Peace, hostility, marching against the enemy, sitting before a fort by besieging it taking shelter and treachery or duplicity. संधि &c. is a द्वंद्व. संधिश्च विग्रहश्च यानं च आसनं च संश्रयश्च द्वैधीभावश्च. ३ A collection of six remedies बण्णां गुणानां समाहारः, षड्गुणं and तस्य भावः षाड्गुण्यम्. ४ An attempt or effort to commence a busi- ness. ५ Possession of men and money. पुरुषद्रव्ययोः संपद् ष.त. ६ Proper division of place and time. ७ Remedy against a calamity or danger.ष.त.८ Having five parts or divisions, divided into five parts. पंच अंगानि यस्य ९ Peace, gift, sowing dissensions and punishment. साम च दानं च भेदश्च दंडश्च, द्वंद्व. १० There are 3 royal powers, viz., that of energy, that of counsel and that of lordship.११ Having taken all this into consideration, the great become successful. १२ Behold ! that prosperity. (श्रीः) which is not obtained even atthe sacrifice of one’s life, runs, though fickle, to hiimwhounderstands policy correctly. प्राणपरित्यागमूल्येन. ( कर्म. ) प्राणपरित्याग एव मूल्यं. नीतिविदं. ( उपपद.) नीतिं वेत्ति तम्.
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(१)वित्तं यदा यस्य समं विभक्तं
गूढश्चरः संनिभृतश्च मन्त्रः।
न चाप्रियं प्राणिषु यो ब्रवीति
स सागरान्तां पृथिवीं प्रशास्ति॥५०॥
किंतु यद्यपि महामन्त्रिणा गृध्रेण संधान**^(२)**मुपन्यस्तं तथापि तेन राज्ञा संप्रति **^(३)**भूतजयदर्पान्न मन्तव्यम्। देव तदेवं क्रियताम्। सिंहलद्वीपस्य महाबलो नाम **^(४)**सारसो राजास्मन्मित्रं जम्बुद्वीपे कोपं **^(५)**जनयतु। यतः।
^(६)सुगुप्तिमाधाय सुसंहतेन बलेन वीरो विचरन्नरातिम्।
संतापयेद्येन समं सुतप्तस्तप्तेन संधानमुपैति तप्तः॥५१॥
राज्ञा एवमस्तु इति निगद्यविचित्रनामा बकः **^(७)**सुगुप्तलेखं दत्वा सिंहलद्वीपं प्रहितः।
अथ प्रणिधिरागत्योवाच। देव भूतयां **^(८)**तत्रत्यप्रस्तावः एवं तत्र गृध्रेणोक्तम्।देव यन्मेघवर्णस्तत्र चिरमुषितः स वेत्ति किं संधे^(१०)यगुणयु-
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** १** That king, whose wealth is equally distributed (among his subjects), whose spies go about secretly, whose counsel is well kept (not divulged), and who never speaks what is unpleasant to creatures, rules the earth bounded by the ocean. सागरांतां (ब०) सागरः अंतः यस्याः सा. २ Has advised peace. ३ Through pride for the past victory. ४ A heron. ५ Incite anger or cause disaffection. ६ A warrior observing great secrecy and wandering through the enemy’s ground with an army which is well arrayed, should harass him, since one who is equally afflicted (heated) with another, makes peace with (joins or unites with) the other who is so afflicted (heated). ७ Entrusting (him) with a secret letter. ८ The state of things thereof, theaffairs of that place. ; ९ Since. १० Endowed with such qualities as make him fit for being made friends with.
क्तो हिरण्यगर्भा न वा इति। ततोसौ राज्ञा। समाहूय पृष्टः। वायस कीदृशोसौ हिरण्यगर्भः। चक्रवाको मन्त्री वा कीदृशः। वायस उवाच। देव हिरण्यगर्भो राजा युधिष्ठिरसमो म**^(१)**हाशयः। चक्रवाकसमो मन्त्री न क्वाप्यवलोक्यते। राजाह। यद्येवं तदा कथमसौ त्वया वञ्चितः। विहस्य मेघवर्णः प्राह। देव।
^(२)विश्वासप्रतिपन्नानां वञ्चने का विदग्धता।
अङ्कमारुह्य सुप्तं हि हत्वा किं नाम पौरुषम्॥५२॥
शृणु देव। तेन मन्त्रिणाहं प्रथमदर्शन **^(३)**एव ज्ञातः। किंतु महाशयोसौ राजा। तेन मया विप्रलब्धः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(४)आत्मौपम्येन यो वेत्ति दुर्जनं सत्यवादिनम्।
स तथा वञ्च्यते धूर्तैर्ब्राह्मणश्छागतो यथा॥५३॥
राजोवाच। कथमेतत्। मेघवर्णः कथयति।
॥कथा ८॥
अस्ति गौतमस्यारण्ये प्र**^(५)स्तुतयज्ञः कश्चिद्ब्राह्मणः। स च यज्ञार्थं ग्रामान्तराच्छा^(६)**गमुपक्रीय स्कन्धे **^(७)नीत्वा गच्छन्धूर्त^(८)त्रयेणावलोकितः। ततस्ते धूर्ता यद्येष च्छागः केनाप्युपायेन लभ्यते तदा मतिप्र^(९)**कर्षो भवतीति समालोच्य वृक्षत्रयतले कोशान्तरेन तस्य ब्राह्मणस्यागमनं
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१Of great nobility of disposition. २What skill is there in deceiving those who have put faith in us? What manliness is therein killing one who is sleeping in our lap ? विश्वासप्रतिपन्नानां (द्वि० त०) विश्वासं प्रतिपन्नानाम् ३ Was made out at the very first sight.४ He, who considers a wicked person truthful, by comparison with himself, is deceived by that rascal as was the Bráhmana with respect to a young goat.५ He who had commenced a sacrifice. प्रस्तुतः यज्ञः येन. ब. ६ Having purchased or bought. ७Having placed on the shoulder. ८By three rogues. ९The height or excellence of talent. १० At the distance of a कोश or two miles each.
प्रतीक्ष्य पथिं स्थिताः। तत्रैकेन धूर्तेन गच्छन्स ब्राह्मणोभिहितः। भो ब्राह्मण किमिति कुक्कुरः स्कन्धेनोह्यते। विप्रेणोक्तम्। नायं **^(१)श्वा किंतु यज्ञच्छागः। अथा^(२)**नन्तरस्थितेनान्येन धूर्तेन तथैवोक्तम्। तदाकर्ण्य ब्राह्मणश्छागं भूमौ निधाय **^(३)मुहुर्निरीक्ष्य पुनः स्कन्धे कृत्वा दोला^(४)**यमानमतिश्चलितः। यतः।
^(५)मतिर्दोलायते सत्यं सतामपि खलोक्तिभिः।
ताभिर्विश्वासितश्चासौ म्रियते चित्रकर्णवत्॥५४॥
राजाह। कथमेतत्। स कथयति।
॥कथा ९॥
अस्ति कस्मिंश्चिद्वनोद्देशे मदोत्कटो नाम सिंहः। तस्य सेवकास्त्रयः काको व्याघ्रो जम्बुकश्च। अथ तैर्भ्रमद्भिः कश्चिदुष्ट्रो दृष्टः पृष्टश्चकुतो भवानागतः **^(६)सार्थाद्भ्रष्टः। स चात्मवृत्तान्तमकथयत्। ततस्तैर्नीत्वा सिंहसौ^(७)समर्पितः। तेनाभयवाचं दत्त्वा चि^(८)त्रकर्ण इति नाम कृत्वा स्थापितः। अथ कदाचित्सिंहस्य शरीरवै^(९)**कल्याद्भूरिवृष्टिकारणाच्चाहारमलभमानास्ते **^(१०)**व्यग्रा बभूवुः। ततस्तैरालोचितम्। चित्र- कर्णमेव यथा स्वामी व्यापादयति तथानुष्ठीयताम्। किमनेन कण्टेकभुजा। व्याघ्र उवाच। स्वामिनाभयवाचं दत्त्वानुगृहीतस्तत्कथ-
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** १** A dog. २Standing or remaining at some distance from the first, ३ Often and often. ४ With his mind wavering (as to how to act). दोलायमाना मतिर्यस्य. ब० ५ The minds even of the great are really made to waver by the words of the wicked, by which their confidence being won, they perish like Chitrakarna (in the following story). The असौ this line does not refer to anybody. ६ Fallen away or straying from the herd. ७He was delivered over to the lion. Here the Locative is used for the Dative. ८ Having variegated ears. चित्रौ कर्णौ यस्य. ब. ९ Through the weakness of the body. १० Confused, bewildered. ११ What is the use of him who subsists on thorns? कंटकान् भुंक्ते इति उपपद. १२ Has been fvaouredwith a promise of safety.
मेवं संभवति। काको ब्रूते। इह **^(१)**समये परिक्षीणः स्वामी पापमपि करिष्यति। यतः।
^(२)त्यजेत्क्षुधाती महिला स्वपुत्रं
खादेत्क्षुधार्ता भुजगी स्वमण्डम्।
बुभुक्षितः किं न करोति पापं
क्षीणा नरा निष्करुणा भवन्ति॥५५॥
अन्यच्च।
^(३)मत्तः प्रमत्तश्चोन्मत्तः श्रान्तः कृद्धो बुभुक्षितः।
लुब्धो भीरुस्त्वरायुक्तः कामुकश्च न धर्मवित्॥५६॥
इति संचिन्त्य सर्वे सिंहान्तिकं जग्मुः। सिंहेनोक्तम्। आहाराथ किंचित्प्राप्तम्। तैरुक्तम्। यत्नादपि न प्राप्तं किंचित्। सिंहेनोक्तम्। कोधुना जीवनोपायः। काको वदति। देव **^(४)**स्वाधीनाहारपरित्यागात्सर्वनाशोयमुपस्थितः। सिंहेनोक्तम्। अत्राहारः कः स्वाधीनः। काकः कर्णेकथयति चित्रकर्ण इति। सिंहो भूमिं स्पृष्ट्वा **^(५)**कर्णौ स्पृशति। अभयवाचं दत्त्वा धृतोयमस्माभिः। तत्कथमेवं संभवति। तथा च।
^(६)न भूप्रदानं न सुवर्णदानं न गोप्रदानं न तथान्नदानम्।
यथा वदन्तीह महाप्रदाने सर्वेषु दानेष्वभयप्रदानम्॥५७॥
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** १** इह समये=अस्मिन् समये.२ A woman will abandon her son when oppressed by hunger, a female cobra will eat her own egg when hungry; what sin will not one afflicted with hunger do? People who are emaciated become merciless. क्षुधार्ता तृ. त.; निष्करुणाः (ब०) निर्गता करुणा येभ्यः ते. ३ He who is careless, he who is intoxicated, he who is fatigued, he who is angry, he who is hungry, he who is avaricious, he who is timid, he who is full of haste and he who is smitten with love, do not mind (lit. know ) what is just and proper ४ By leaving off that food which is in your power or in your hands.५ Having touched the ground, touches his cars also—to show that he would be far from committing such a heinous offence, viz., the killing of the camel whom he has pledged a word of safety. ६ Neither the gift of land, nor that of gold, nor that of cows, nor that of food is so great as is (they declare) that of safety which is the greatest of all gifts.
अन्यच्च।
^(१)सर्वकामसमृद्धस्य अश्वमेधस्य यत्फलम्।
तत्फलं लभते सम्यग्रक्षिते शरणागते॥५८॥
1 काको ब्रूते। नासौ स्वामिना व्यापादयितव्यः। किंत्वस्माभिरेव तथा कर्तव्यं यथासौ स्वदेहदान**^(२)**मङ्गीकरोति। सिंहस्तच्छ्रुत्वा तूष्णीं स्थितः। ततोसौ **^(३)लब्धावकाशः कूटं कृत्वा सर्वानादाय सिंहान्तिकं गतः। अथ काकेनोक्तम्। देव यत्नादप्याहारो न प्राप्तः। अनेको^(५)**पवासखिन्नः स्वामी। तदिदानीं मदीयमांसमुपभुज्यताम्। यतः।
^(६)स्वामिमूला भवन्त्येव सर्वाः प्रकृतयः खलु।
समूलेष्वपि वृक्षेषु प्रयत्नः सफलो नृणाम्॥५९॥
सिंहेनोक्तम्। वरं प्राणपरित्यागः। ^(७)न पुनरीदृशि कर्मणि प्रवृतिः। जम्बुकेनापि तथोक्तम्। ततः सिंहेनोक्तम्। मैवम्। अथ व्याघ्रेणोक्तम्। मद्देहेन जीवतु स्वामी। सिंहेनोक्तम्। न कदाचिदेवमुचितम्। अथ चित्रकर्णोपि ^(८)जातविश्वासस्तथैवात्म^(९)दानमाह। ततस्तद्वचनात्तेन व्याघ्रेणासौ कुक्षिं^(१०) विदार्य व्यापादितः सर्वैर्भक्षितः।
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** १** When a person who has sought protection is saved, the protector gets that fruit which is obtained from a horse-sacrifice which fulfils all desires. सर्वकामसमृद्धस्य (तृ. त.) सर्वकामैः समृद्धस्य. २ Still we should act in such a way that he will be ready to offer the gift of his own body of his own free will. ३ He who found an opportunity; when a fitting occasion was found by him. लब्धः अवकाशः येन. ब० ४ Having practised a fraud. ५ Afflicted by many fasts. तृ. त. अनेकैः उपवासैः खिन्नः ६ All subjects have indeed for their root (origin) their lord ; the efforts of men are fruitful only so long as trees have got roots, स्वामिमूलाः (ब०) स्वामी मूलं यासां ताः. समूलेषु (ब०.) मूलैः सहितेषु सफलः also a व. ७Better is the giving up of life than engaging in such a (vile) action. ८In whom confidence (in the words of safety pledged by the lion ) was produced. जातः विश्वासः यस्मिन्. ब. ९ Made an offer of himself. १० Having opened the sides, having torn the sides open.
अतोहं ब्रवीमि। मतिर्दोलायते सत्यम् इत्यादि॥ ततस्तृतीयधूर्तवचनं श्रुत्वा स्वमतिभ्रमं **^(१)निश्चित्य छागं त्यक्त्वा ब्राह्मणः स्नात्वा गृहं ययौ। स छागस्तैर्धूर्तैनीत्वा भक्षितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। आत्मौपम्येन यो वेत्ति इत्यादि॥ राजाह। मेघवर्ण कथं शत्रुमध्ये त्वया चिरमुषितम्। कथं वा तेषाम^(२)नुनयः कृतः। मेघवर्ण उवाच। देव स्वामिकार्यार्थिना^(३)**स्वप्रयोजनवशाद्वा किं न क्रियते। पश्य।
^(४)लोको वहति किं राजन्नमूर्ध्ना दग्धुमिन्धनम्।
क्षालयन्त्यपि वृक्षाङ्घ्रिं नदीवेला निकृन्ततेि॥ ६०॥
तथा चोक्तम्।
^(५)स्कन्धेनापि वहेच्छत्रून्कार्यमासाय बुद्धिमान्।
यथा वृद्धेन सर्पेण मण्डूका विनिपातिताः॥६१॥
राजाह। कथमेतत्। मेघवर्णः कथयति।
॥ कथा १०॥
अस्ति जीर्णोद्याने **^(६)मन्दविषो नाम सर्पः। सोतिजीर्णतयाहारमप्यन्वेष्टुमक्षमः सरस्तीरे पतित्वा स्थितः। ततो दूरादेव केनचिन्मण्डूकेन दृष्टः पृष्टश्च किमिति त्वमाहारं नान्विष्यसि। सर्पोवदत्। गच्छ भद्र मम मन्दभाग्य^(७)स्य प्रश्नेन किम्। ततः सं^(८)**जातकौतुकः स च भेकः
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** १** Having concluded that he had lost his reason. २Conciliation. ३ What will he not (stoop to) do who is desirous of accomplishing the object of his lord or gain his own end? ४ Do not, oh king, people carry on their heads fuel which is to be burnt ? The bank of a river although it waters trees cuts them off. ५ Having got some interest to serve a talented man should carry even his enemies on the shoulder, just as frogs were destroyed by an old serpent. ६ Of weak poison. मंदं विषं यस्य ब० ७ What is the good of asking questions to me who am unfortunate? मंदभाग्यस्य ब० ८ In whom curiosity was excited or produced संजातं कौतुकं यस्य, ब.
सर्वथा क**^(१)थ्यताम् इत्याह। सर्पोप्याह। भद्र ब्रह्मपुर^(२)वासिनः श्रोत्रियस्यकौण्डिन्यस्य पुत्रो विंशतिवर्षी^(३)यः सर्वगुणसंपन्नो दुर्दैवान्मम नृशंसस्वभावाद्दष्टः। तं पुत्रं सुशीलना^(५)**मानं मृतमालोक्य मूर्च्छितः कौण्डिन्यः पृथिव्यां **^(६)**लुलोठ। अनन्तरं ब्रह्मपुरवासिनः सर्वे बान्धवास्तत्रागत्योपविष्टाः। तथा चोक्तम्।
^(७)उत्सवे व्यसने युद्धे दुर्भिक्षे राष्ट्रविप्लवे।
राजद्वारे श्मशाने च यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः॥६२॥
तत्र कपिलो नाम स्नातको**^(८)**वदत्। अरे कौण्डिन्य मूढोसि। तेनैवं विलपसि। शृणु।
^(९)क्रोडीकरोति प्रथमं यथा जातमनित्यता।
धात्रीव जननी पश्चानथा शोकस्य कः क्रमः॥६३॥
क्व गताः पृथिवीपालाः ससैन्यवलवाहनाः।
वियोगसाक्षिणीयेषां भूमिरद्यापि तिष्ठति॥६४॥
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** १** Let it be told in entirety or in detail. २Of a learned Bráhmana living in Bráhmapura. ३ Of twenty years of age, aged twenty years. ४Through (my) wicked nature. ५ Named Susila (of good disposition). ६ Rolled, wallowed. ७ He is a (real) relative who stands by (assists) us in a festivity, in a calamity, in a battle, in a famine, when a calamity befalls the kingdom, at the door of the king and in a burial ground. ८He who has finished the study of for the the Vedas, and is on the point of leaving ब्रह्मचर्यfor the गृहस्थाश्रम ९ Just as a nurse takes a child in her lap after its birth, so does non-eternity first as soon as a creatureis born ; what scope is there then for grief ? The meaning is death closely follows a creature that is born and so it is no use grieving at the loss of a person when he dies.१० Where are those kings, who possessed armies and vehicles, whose separation is still borne testimony to by the earth, now gone ? ससैन्यबलवाहनाः (ब०) सैन्यबलवाहनैः सहिता.
अपरं च।
^(१)कायः संनिहितापायः संपदः पदमापदाम्।
समागमाः सापगमाः सर्वमुत्पादि भङ्गुरम्॥६५॥
^(२)प्रतिक्षणमयं कायः क्षीयमाणो न लक्ष्यते।
आमकुम्भ इवांभःस्थो विशीर्णः सन्विभाव्यते॥६६॥
^(३)आसन्नतरतामेति मृत्युर्जन्तोर्दिने दिने।
आघातं नीयमानस्य वध्यस्येव पदे पदे॥६७॥
^(४)अनित्यं यौवनं रूपं जीवितं द्रव्यसंचयः।
ऐश्वर्यं प्रियसंवासो मुह्येत्तत्र न पण्डितः॥६८॥
^(५)यथा काष्ठं च काष्ठं च समेयातां महोदधौ।
समेत्य च व्यपेयातां तद्वद्द्भूतसमागमः॥६९॥
^(६)यथा हि पथिकः कश्चिच्छायामाश्रित्य तिष्ठति।
विश्रम्य च पुनर्गच्छेत्तद्वद्भूतसमागमः॥७०॥
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** १** The body has dangers close to it, wealth is the abod of miseries and associations or unions are followed by se parations ; every thing that is born is transitory. सन्निहितापायः–सन्निहिता अशायाः यस्य.ब० ; सापगमाः ब० २ This body. which wastes away every moment is not observed to do so, and this is seen only when it breaks like a raw earthen jar in water. ३The death of a creature comes nearer and nearer to him day by day like that of a person doomed to death and being carried step by step towards the place of execution. ४ Youth, beauty, life, the collection of riches, prosperity and the company of beloved persons are transitory—a wise man should not be foolish with respect to these. ५Just as two pieces of timber come together in the great ocean and after coming together separate, so does the society of living beings. The word काष्ठं is repeated to get the meaning of two. ६ As a certain traveller remains under a shade and having refreshed himself again goes on, so does the company of living beings.
अन्यच्च।
^(१)पञ्चभिर्निर्मिते देहे पञ्चत्वं च पुनर्गते।
स्वां स्वां योनिमनुप्राप्ते तत्र का परिदेवना॥७१॥
^(२)यावतः कुरुते जन्तुः संबन्धान्मनसः प्रियान्।
तावन्तोपि निखन्यन्ते हृदये शोकशङ्कवः॥७२॥
^(३)नायमत्यन्तसंवासो लभ्यते येन केनचित्
अपि स्वेन शरीरेण किमुतान्येन केनचित्॥७३॥
अपि च।
^(४)संयोगो हि वियोगस्य संसूचयति संभवम्।
अनतिक्रमणीयस्य जम्म मृत्योरिवागमम्॥७४॥
^(५)आपातरमणीयानां संयोगानां प्रियैः सह।
अपथ्यानामिवान्नानां परिणामोतिदारुणः॥७५॥
अपरं च।
^(६)व्रजन्ति न निवर्तन्ते स्रोतांसि सरितां यथा।
आयुरादाय मर्त्यानां तथा रात्र्यहनी सदा॥७६॥
^(७)सुखास्वादपरो यस्तु संसारे सत्समागमः।
स वियोगावसानत्वादुःखानां धुरि युज्यते॥७७॥
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** १** What grief should there be when the body which is made up of five elements, is dissolved into the five constituents which return to their respective kind or origin. २ As many darts of grief are buried in the heart as is the number of connections which a man forms dear to his heart. शोकशंकवः ष. त. ३ Ever lasting association with anything and even with one’s own body is not obtained, much less with anything else. ४Union indicates the possibility of separation, as birth does the advent of death which cannot be avoided. ५ The result or end of associations with beloved persons which are pleasant in the beginning, is very dangerous like that of unwholesome food when eaten आपातरमणीयानां स. त. ६ As the streams of rivers flow on and do not return, so do night and day always by taking away the lives of mortals. रात्र्यहनी (द्वंद्व) रात्रिश्च अहश्च= रात्र्यहनी. ७ He who in the society of the good enjoys happiness in this worldly existence, is, as it were, placed at the head of miseries by reason of its (happiness) ending in separation. सुखास्वादपरः—सुखस्य आ- स्वादः (ष. त.) परं यस्य ब०; सत्समागमः (ब०) सतां समागमः यस्य. वियोगावसानत्वात् abst. noun from वियोगावसानं which is a कर्म. वियोगः एव अवसानं.
^(१)अत एव हि नेच्छन्ति साधवः सत्समागमम्।
यद्वियोगासिलूनस्य मनसो नास्ति भेषजम्॥७८॥
^(२)सुकृतान्यपि कर्माणि राजभिः सगरादिभिः।
अथ तान्येव कर्माणि ते चापि प्रलयं गताः॥७९॥
^(३)संचिन्त्य संचिन्त्य तमुग्रदण्डं मृत्युं मनुष्यस्य विचक्षणस्य।
वर्षाम्बुसिक्ता इव चर्मबन्धाः सर्वे प्रयत्ना शिथिलीभवन्ति॥८०॥
^(४)यामेव रात्रिं प्रथमामुपैति गर्भे निवासी नरवीरलोकः।
ततः प्रभृत्यस्खलितप्रयाणः स प्रत्यहं मृत्युसमीपेमति॥८१॥
अतः संसारं विचार**^(५)**य। शोकोयमज्ञानस्य प्रपञ्चः। पश्य।
^(७)अज्ञानं कारणं न स्याद्वियोगो यदि कारणम्।
शोको दिनेषु गच्छत्सु वर्धतामपयाति किम्॥८२॥
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** १**It is for this reason that the good do not wish for thecompany of saints, (for) there is no medicine to cure the mind wounded (cut) by thesword in the shape of separation from them (सत्). यद्वियोगासिलूनस्य तृ. त. येभ्यः वियोगः(पं. त.) एव असिः(कर्म.) तेन लूनस्य २ Although good deeds were performed by kings, Sagara and others, still they were destroyed, their actions remaining as they were (good). Here the construction is unusual. The verse, I think, should be thus construed.—सागस्यदिभिः राजभिः कर्माणि सुत्कृतान्यपि ते चापि प्रलयंगताः अथ कर्माणि तान्येव (आसन्) ३ By constantly remembering the God of death whose punishment is terrible, all the efforts of a wise person become fruitless as the ties of leather (got loose) when drenched by the water of the rainy season. उग्रदंडं (ब.) उग्रः दंडः यस्य तम्; वर्षाम्बुसिक्तः (तृ. त) वर्षायाः अंबुना सिक्ताः ; धर्मबंधाः–चर्मणः बंधाः ष. त. ४ The multitude (लोकः) of even the best of men (नरवीर) daily goes near death with uninterrupted marches ever since that very first night on which they get into the womb for birth. नरवीरलोकः (ष. त.) नरवीराणां (नरश्रेष्ठानां ) लोकः ( समुदायः). ५Think of this worldly existence or world.६ Collection.७ If ignorance be not the cause but if separation be the cause(of grief), grief should increase (lit. let grief increase) as days roll on or in course of time; why should it then decrease or vanish?
तदत्रात्मानम**^(१)नुसंधेहि। शोकच^(२)**र्चां परिहर। यतः।
^(३)अकाण्डपातजातानां गात्राणां मर्मभेदिनाम्।
गाढशोकप्रहाराणामचिन्तैव महौषधी॥८३॥
ततस्तद्वचनं निशम्य **^(४)प्रबुद्ध इव कौण्डिन्य उत्थायाब्रवीत्। तदलमिदानीं गृहनर^(५)**कवासेन। वनमेव गच्छामि। कपिलः पुनराह।
^(६)वनेपि दोषाः प्रभवन्ति रागिणां गृहेपि पञ्चेन्द्रियनिग्रहस्तपः।
अकुत्सिते कर्मणि यः प्रवर्तते निवृत्तरागस्य गृहं तपोवनम्। ८४।
यतः।
^(७)दुःखितोपि चरेद्धर्मं यत्र कुत्राश्रमे रतः।
समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु न लिङ्गं धर्मकारणम् ॥८५॥
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** १** Think of yourself. २ Give up brooding over grief. ३Absence of thought alone is the best medicine to cure the wounds of deep sorrow which are caused by the sudden fall of a calamity and which cut the vitals of the organs of sense. अकांडपातजातानाम् (तृ.त.) अकांडपातेन जातानाम् मर्मभेदिनां (उपपद.) मर्मभिदंतीति; गाढशोकमहाराणां ष. त; महौषधी (कर्म) महती औषधी.४ As if awakened to the reality of his condition in the world of mortals ५ By residing at home which is, as it were, a hell. गृहं एव नरकः (कर्म०) तस्मिन् वासेन स. त. ६ Even in the forest calamities befall those who are subject to the influence of passions, and even at home there is the control of the five organs of sense and also penance. The house is like a penance-grove to him who performs an uncensurable action and whose passions are subdued. पंचेंद्रियनिग्रहः ष. त. निवृत्तरागस्य (ब.) निवृत्ताः रागाः यस्य ७ Even though miser- able, a man should perform religious actions or do his duty, being attached to any state of life or living in any hermitage he likes, and should act evenly towards all living beings. A particular religious mode or sex is not the motive for religion or duty. यत्रकुत्राश्रमे = यस्मिन् कस्मिन्नाश्रमे.
उक्तं च।
^(१)वृत्यर्थं भोजनं येषां संतानार्थं च मैथुनम्।
वाक्सत्यवचनार्थाय दुर्गाण्यपि तरन्ति ते॥८६॥
तथाहि।
^(२)आत्मा नदी संयमपुण्यतीर्था सत्योदका शीलतटा दयोर्मिः।
तत्राभिषेकं कुरु पाण्डुपुत्र न वारिणा शुध्यति चान्तरात्मा॥८७॥
विशेषतश्च।
^(३)जन्ममृत्युजराव्याधिवेदनाभिरुपद्रुतम्।
संसारमिममुत्पन्नमसारं त्यजतः सुखम्॥८८॥
यतः।
^(४)दुःखमेवास्ति न सुखं यस्मात्तदुपलक्ष्यते।
दुःखार्तस्य प्रतीकारे सुखसंज्ञा विधीयते॥८९॥
कौडिण्यो ब्रूते। एवमेव। ततोहं तेन शोकाकुलेन ब्राह्मणेन शप्तः। यदद्यारभ्य मण्डूकानां **^(५)वाहनं भविष्यसि इति। कपिलो ब्रूते। संप्रत्युपदे^(६)**शासहिष्णुर्भवान्। शोकाविष्टं ते हृदयम्। तथापि **^(७)**कार्यं शृणु।
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** १** Those who eat food only for maintenance, who have sexual intercourse only for progeny and who give utterance to words only to speak the truth, cross even difficult places .or overcome difficultios. वृत्यर्थं and संतानार्थम् are ब. वृत्तिः अर्थः यस्य. २ The soul is a river having the restraint of passions for its holy places, truth for its water, good disposition for its banks, compassion for its waves; oh son of Pandu, bathe there (viz.in such a river as is described above). The inner soul is not purified by water (only ), संयमपुण्यतीर्था (व.) संयमः पुण्यतीर्थं यस्याः सा. सत्योदका, शीलतटा, दयोर्मिः are also व. to be similarly dissolved.३ There is happiness to one who re- nounces this worthless worldly existence, which is beset by agonies consequent on birth, death, old age, disease and pain. जन्म… वेदनाभिः (द्वंद्व) जन्म च मृत्युश्च जरा च व्याधिश्च वेदना व जन्ममृत्यु जराव्याधिवेदनाः ताभिः; असारं ब० नास्ति सारं यस्मिन् ४ As there is (in this world) only misery and no happiness, it is felt removing the evil of one who is oppressed by miseries is said · to be happiness. Here प्रतीकारः in place of प्रतीकारे would have been preferable, since it would give better sense. ५ A vehicle. ६ Not able or in a position to listen to advice. उपदेशासहिष्णुः ष. त. ७ What ought to be done, duty.
^(१)सङ्गः सर्वात्मना त्याज्यः स चेत्त्यक्तुं न शक्यते।
स सद्भिः सह कर्तव्यः सतां सङ्गो हि भेषजम्॥९०॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)कामः सर्वात्मना हेयः स चेद्धातुं न शक्यते।
स्वभार्यां प्रति कर्तव्यः सैव तस्य हि भेषजम्॥९१॥
एतच्छ्रुत्वा स कौण्डिन्यः कपिलोपदेशामृ**^(३)**तप्रशान्तशोकानलो **^(४)**यथाविधि दण्डग्रहणं **^(५)कृतवान्। अतो ब्राह्मणशापान्मण्डूकान्वोदुमत्र तिष्ठामि। अनन्तरं तेन मण्डूकेन गत्वा मण्डूकनाथस्य जालपादनाम्नोग्रे तत्कार्थतम्। ततोसावागत्य मण्डूकनाथस्तस्य सर्पस्य पृष्ठमारूढ^(७)**वान्। स च सर्पस्तं पृष्ठे **^(८)कृत्वा चि^(९)त्रपदक्रमं बभ्राम। परेद्युश्चलितुमसमर्थं तं मण्डूकनाथोवदत्। किमद्य भवान्मन्द^(१०)**गतिः। सर्पो ब्रूते।
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** १** Association (with others) should be altogether avoided; but if that cannot be avoided, it should be made with the good; for the company of the good is a medicine (to one who is afflicted by the disease in the form of this wordly existence). २ Passion (of course animal passion) should be entirely discarded, but if it cannot be so discarded, it should be directed to one’s wife; she alone is the proper remedy to cure one (who is love-sick). ३ The fire of whose grief was extinguished by the nectar in shape of Kapila’s advice. It is a ब० कपिलस्य उपदेशः (ष० त०) एव अमृतं ( कर्म०) तेन (तृ. त.) प्रशांतः शोकः एव अनलः (कर्म० ) यस्य ४ According to the form prescribed in ceremonial works. विधि अनतिक्रम्य (यथाविधि). अव्य. ५ Accepted the staff, became a mendicant called दंडी (दंडो यस्यविद्यते सः) ६ Infinitive of purpose from वह् 1 P. the व being changed to उ by संप्रसारण and then gunated before the affix तुम्. ७ Nom. singular masculine of the Past Parti active of रुह् 1 P. with आ. ८ Having borne him on his back. ९In a way in which the placing of the foot on the ground (पदक्रम) was very strange. It is an अव्य० चित्रः पदक्रमः यस्मिन् कर्मणि यथा तथा. १०Slow ofmotion moving slowly. (व०) मंद्रा गतिर्यस्य.
देव आहारवि**^(१)**रहादसमर्थोस्मि। मण्डूकनाथोवदत्। अस्मदाज्ञया मण्डूकान्भक्षय। ततो गृहीतोयं **^(२)महाप्रसाद इत्युक्त्वा क्रमशो मण्डूकान्खादितवान्। अतो निर्म^(३)**ण्डूकं सरो विलोक्य मण्डूकनाथोपि तेन खादितः। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। स्कन्धेनापि वहेच्छत्रूनित्यादि॥ देव यात्विदानीं **^(४)**पुरावृत्ताख्यानकथनम्। सर्वथा संधेयोयं हिरण्यगर्भो राजा संधीयतामिति मे मतिः। राजोवाच। कोयं **^(५)भवतो विचारः। यतो जितस्ताव^(६)दयमस्माभिस्ततो ययस्मत्सेवया वसति तदास्ताम्। नो चेद्वि^(७)**गृह्यताम्।
अत्रान्तरे जम्बुद्वीपादा**^(८)**गत्य शुकेनोक्तम्। देव सिंहलद्वीपस्य सारसो राजा संप्रति जम्बुद्वीपमाक्रम्यावतिष्ठते। राजा ससंभ्रमं ब्रूते। किं किम्। शुकः पूर्वोक्तं कथयति। गृध्रः **^(९)स्वगतमुवाच। साधु रे चक्रवाक मन्त्रिन् सर्वज्ञ साधु साधु। राजा सकोपमाह। आस्तां तावदयम्। गत्वा तमेव समूल^(१०)**मुन्मूलयामि। दूरदर्शी विहस्याह।
^(११)नशरन्मेघवत्कार्यं वृथैव घनगर्जितम्।
परस्यार्थमनर्थं वा प्रकाशयति नो महान्॥९२॥
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** १** Through the absence of food, or for want of something to eat.२ I accept this great favour. ३ Void of frogs (ब० ) निर्गताः मंडूकाः यस्मात् ४ Let the relation of what has happened before be aside, don’t describe past. things since they are of no avail at present. ५Why does your honour counsel thus ६ He has been already con- quered by us. ७ If not (otherwise) let him be declared war with. ८ Having captured. ९ Aside, to himself. It cs a stage direction often used in dramas as opposed to प्रकाशम् aloud १० With the root,i.e. entirely. ११ No thundering sound should be made in vain like that of a cloud in the S’arat season (the months of आश्विन and कार्तिक) a great man does not make public either & gain (अर्थ) or loss ( adversity) of his enemy (परस्य)
अपरं च।
^(१)एकदा न विगृह्णीयाद्बहून्राजाभिघातिनः।
सदर्पोप्युरगः कीटैर्बहुभिर्नाश्यते ध्रुवम्॥९३॥
देव किमिति विना संधानं गमनमस्ति। यतस्तदास्मत्पश्चात्मकोपोनेन कर्तव्यः। अपरं च।
^(३)योर्थतत्त्वमविज्ञाय क्रोधस्यैव वशं गतः।
स तथा तप्यते मूढो ब्राह्मणो नकुलायथा॥९४॥
राजाह। कथमेतत्। दूरदर्शी कथयति।
॥ कथा ११॥
अस्त्युज्जयिन्यां माधवो नाम विप्रः। तस्य ब्राह्मणी प्रसूता वालापत्यस्य रक्षार्थं ब्राह्म**^(४)णमवस्थाप्य स्नातुं गता। अथ ब्राह्मणाय राज्ञः पार्व^(५)णश्राद्धं दातुमाह्वानमागतम्। तच्छ्रुत्वा ब्राह्मणः स^(६)हजदारिद्र्यादचिन्तयत्। यदि सत्वरं न गच्छामि तदान्यः कश्चिच्छ्रुत्वा श्रा^(७)**द्धं गृहीष्यति। यतः। '
^(८)आदानस्य प्रदानस्य कर्तव्यस्य च कर्मणः।
क्षिप्रमक्रियमाणस्य कालः पिबति तद्रसम्॥९९॥
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** १** One should not all at once declare war with many people who conspire against the life of a king; even a proud serpent is certainly destroyed by a number of insects of worms. राजाभिघातिनः (उपपद) राजानं अभिघ्रंतीति नश्यते. Passive of the causal of नश् 4 P. २ Without having made peace (with the enemy). ३ He who without having ascertained reality of the things allows himself to be influenced by anger, is afterwards so afflicted with grief as the foolish Brahman was on account of a mungoose.४ Having appointed also. From the causal of स्था 1 P. with अव. ५ A Srádhha falling on a Paravani day such as the full moon- day &c. ६ Being naturally poor. ७ Will accept the invitation for Srádhha. ८ Time drinks away (sucks) the juice of a thing when it is not done, viz., a gift to be taken, a gift to be given and a thing which one must do as a duty. In this verse the beforeरसं is superfluous used only to make up the necessary syllables.
किंतु बालकस्यात्र रक्षको नास्ति। तत्किं करोमि। **^(१)**यातु। चिरकालपालितमिमं नकुलं **^(२)पुत्रनिर्विशेषं। बालकरक्षायां व्यवस्थाप्य गच्छामि। तथा कृत्वा गतः। ततस्तेन नकुलेन बालकसमीपमागच्छ- कृष्णसर्पो दृष्ट्वा व्यापाद्य कोपात्ख^(३)ण्डं खण्डं कृत्वा खादितः। ततोसौ नकुलो ब्राह्मणमायान्तमवलोक्य रक्तविलिप्तमु^(४)**खपादः सत्वरमुपागम्य तच्चरणयोर्लुलोठ। ततः स विप्रस्तथाविधं तं दुष्ट्वा वालकोनेन खादित **^(५)इत्यवधार्य नकुलं व्यापादितवान्। अनन्तरं यावदुपसृत्यापत्यं पश्यति ब्राह्मणस्तावद्बालकः सुस्थः सर्पश्च व्यापादितस्तिष्ठति। ततस्तमुपकारकं नकुलं निरीक्ष्य भावित^(७)**चेताः स परं विषादमगमत्। अतोहं ब्रवीमि। योर्थतत्त्वमविज्ञाय इत्यादि॥
अपरं च।
^(८)कामः क्रोधस्तथा मोहो लोभो मानो मदस्तथा।
षड्वर्गमुत्सृजेदेनमस्मिंस्त्यक्ते सुखी नृपः॥९६॥
राजाह। मन्त्रिन् एष ते निश्चयः। मन्त्री ब्रूते। एवमेव। यतः।
^(९)स्मृतिश्च परमार्थेषु वितर्को ज्ञाननिश्चयः।
दृढता मन्त्रगुप्तिश्च मन्त्रिणः परमो गुणः॥९७॥
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** १** Let it be, never mind. २ Who does not differ in point of treatment from one’s own son. ब. पुत्रात् नास्ति विशेषः यस्य. ३cutting it to pieces. ४ With his mouth and feet smeared with blood. ब. रक्तेन विलिप्तं मुखपादं यस्य ५ Having resolved, having been convinced ६ Safe (सु and स्थ adj.) lit. existing well. ७ Repenting at heart, full of repentance (for his rashness) at heart.८ One should abandon these six, viz., love, anger, infatuation, avarice, sense of respect and intoxication. A king will be happy when these are given up a षड्वर्गं (ष. त.) षण्णां वर्गम्. ९ Memory or remembrance of important thinge, doubt, decisive knowledge (about a thing), firmness and the guarding of a secret—these are the best qualities in a minister.
तथा च।
^(१)सहसा विदधीत न क्रियामविवेकः परमापदां पदम्।
वृणते हि विमृश्यकारिणं गुणलुब्धाः स्वयमेव संपदः॥९८॥
तद्देव यदिदानीमस्मद्वचनं क्रियते तदा संधाय गम्यताम्। यतः।
`^(२)यद्यप्युपायाश्चत्वारो निर्दिष्टाः साध्यसाधने।
संख्यामात्रं फलं तेषां सिद्धिः सान्नि व्यवस्थिता॥९९॥
राजाह। कथमेवं संभवति। मन्त्री ब्रूते। देव सत्वरं भविष्यति। यतः।
^(३)अज्ञः सुखमाराध्यः सुखतरमाराध्यते विशेषज्ञः।
ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रञ्जयति॥१००॥
विशेषतश्चायं धर्मज्ञो राजा सर्वज्ञो मन्त्री च। ज्ञातमेतन्मया पूर्वं मेघवर्णवचनात्तत्कृ**^(४)**तकार्यंसंदर्शनाच्च। यतः। .
^(५)कर्मानुमेयाः सर्वत्र परोक्षगुणवृत्तयः।
तस्मात्परोक्षवृत्तीनां फलैः कर्मानुभाव्यते॥१०१॥
राजाह। अल**^(६)**मुत्तरोत्तरेण। यथाभिप्रेतमनुष्ठीयताम्। एतन्मन्त्रयित्वा गृध्रोमहामन्त्री तत्र यथार्हं कर्तव्यमित्युक्त्वा दुर्गाभ्यन्तरं चलितः।
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** १** One should not do anything rashly; want of consideration is a great abode of miseries; for, wealth of itself seeks (lit. marries) him who does things consider- ately, being attracted by his qualities. २ Although four remedies have been enumerated for the accomplishment of an object, their use (lit. fruit) is only in the number, while real success lies in peace (the first of the four remedies). ३ An ignorant person can be easily satisfied, while he who knows much can be more easily satisfied; but even Bráhman does not (cannot) please him who is puffed up with pride by (possessing) a particle of knowledge. ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं तृ. त. ४ By the observation of the business accomplished by him.५ Everywhere, the existence of virtues absent is to be inferred from the actions performed; the actions, therefore, of those who act, in our absence are, to be known by the fruit. कर्मानुमेया तृ. त, परोक्ष- वृत्तीनां (ब.) परीक्षे वृत्तयः येषां. ६ Dispute, repartee.
ततः प्रणिधिबकेनागत्य राज्ञो हिरण्यगर्भस्य निवेदितम्। देव संधिं कर्तुं महामन्त्री गुध्रोस्मत्समीपमागच्छत्। राजहंसो ब्रूते। मन्त्रिन् पुनः संबन्धिना केनचिदत्रागन्तव्यम्। सर्वज्ञो विहस्याह। देव न शङ्कास्पदमेतत्। यतोसौ महाशयो दूरदर्शी। अथवा स्थितिरियं मन्दमतीनाम्। कदाचिच्छङ्कैव न क्रियते। कदाचित्सर्वत्र शङ्का।
तथाहि।
^(१)सरसि बहुशस्ताराच्छाये क्षणात्परिवञ्चितः
कुमुदविपान्वेषी हंसो निशास्वविचक्षणः।
न दशति पुनस्ताराशङ्की दिवापि सितोत्पलं
कुहकचकितो लोकः सत्येप्यपायमपेक्षते॥१०२॥
^(२)दुर्जनदूषितमनसः सुजनेष्वपि नास्ति विश्वासः।
बालः पायसदग्धो दध्यपि फूत्कृत्य भक्षयति॥१०३॥
तद्देव यथाशक्ति तत्पूजार्थं **^(३)रत्नोपहारादिसामग्री सुसज्जीक्रियताम्। तथानुष्ठिते सति स गृध्रो मन्त्री दुर्गद्वाराच्चक्रवाकेणोपगम्य सत्कृत्यानीय राजदर्शनं कारितो दत्तासने चोपविष्टः। चक्रवाक उवाच। युष्मदायत्तं सर्वम्। स्वेच्छयोपभुज्यतामिदं राज्यम्। राजहंसो ब्रूते। एवमेव। दूरदर्शी कथयति एवमेवैतत्। किंत्विदानीं बहु^(४)**प्रपञ्चवचनं निष्प्रयोजनम्। यतः।
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** १**The foolish swan searching for stalks of lotuses at night in a lake which has the stars reflected in it being at once deceived, does not eat the white lotus even during day-time suspecting it to be stars. People frightened by deception suspect evil even in truth. The reading विचक्षणः for अविचक्षणis better, since a swan is considered a wise bird. ताराच्छाये—ताराणां छाया यस्मिन् ब०; [कुहकचकितः पं० त० २ He whose mind is spoiled by the wicked, has no confidence even in good persons. A child scalded by milk eats even curds by blowing it with his mouth. दुर्जनदूषितमनसः (ब०) दुर्जनेन दूषितं मनः यस्य ( तस्य ). पायसदग्धः तृ० त०. ३ Materials consisting of jewels and other things. ४ Words spoken at length. बहुः प्रपंचः यस्मिन्.
^(१)लुब्धमर्थेन गृह्णीयात्स्तब्धमञ्जलिकर्मणा।
मूर्खं छन्दानुरोधेन याथातथ्येन पण्डितम्॥१०४॥
अन्यच्च।
^(२)सद्भावेन हरेन्मित्रं संभ्रमेण तु बान्धवान्।
स्त्रीभृत्यौदानमानाभ्यां दाक्षिण्येनेतराञ्जनान्॥१०५॥
तदिदानीं संधाय गम्यताम्। महाप्रतापश्चित्रवर्णो राजा। चक्रवाको ब्रूते। यथा संधानं कार्यं तदप्युच्यताम्। राजहंसो ब्रूते। कति प्रकाराः संधीनां संभवन्ति। गृध्रो ब्रूते। कथयामि। श्रूयताम्।
^(३)बलीयसाभियुक्तस्तु नृपो नान्यप्रतिक्रियः।
आपन्नः संधिमन्विच्छेत्कुर्वाणः कालयापनम्॥१०६॥
^(४)कपाल उपहारश्च संतानः संगतस्तथा।
उपन्यासः प्रतीकारः संयोगः पुरुषान्तरः १०७॥
अदृष्टनर आदिष्ट आत्मादिष्ट उपग्रहः।
परिक्रयस्तथोच्छन्नस्तथा च परभूषणः॥१०८॥
स्कन्धोपनेयः संधिश्च षोडशैते प्रकीर्तिताः।
इति षोडशकं प्राहुः संर्धि संधिविचक्षणाः॥१०९॥
^(५)कपालसंधिर्विज्ञेयः केवलं समसंधितः।
संप्रदानाद्भवति य उपहारः स उच्यते॥११०॥
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** १** One should gain over the greedy by means of wealth, the proud by means of salutation, the foolish by humouring to their whims and the wise by truth. छन्दानुरोधः तृ. त. याथातथ्य abst. noun from यथातथा २ One should win over his friend by affection or good intentions, relations by reverence or respect, wife and servants by gifts and respect, and other people by kindness or politeness.३ A king who is overtaken by a powerful onemy and who, therefore, has no other recourse and who is in misery, should wish to make peace with the desire of gaining time. ४ These sixteen enumerated in the verses such as कपाल &c……… स्कन्धोपनेय are said to be the varieties of peace, and those versed in the science of peace also name these sixteen. ५ That is a कपालसंधिwhich is made only with one’s equal and that, which is made by means of gifts is called उपहार.
^(१)संतानसंधिर्विज्ञेयो दारिकादानपूर्वकः।
सद्भिस्तु संगतः संधिर्मैत्रीपूर्व उदाहृतः॥१११॥
^(२)यावदायुःप्रमाणस्तु समानार्थप्रयोजनः।
संपत्तौ वा विपत्तौ वा कारणैर्यो न भिद्यते॥११२॥
संगतः संधिरेवायं प्रकृष्टत्वात्सुवर्णवत्।
तथान्यैः संधिकुशलैः काञ्चनः स उदाहृतः॥११३॥
^(३)आत्मकार्यस्य सिद्धिं तु समुद्दिश्य क्रियेत यः।
स उपान्यासकुशलैरुपन्यास उदाहृतः॥११४॥
^(४)मायास्योपकृतं पूर्वं ममाप्येष करिष्यति।
इति यः क्रियते संधिः प्रतीकारः स उच्यते॥११५॥
^(५)उपकारं करोम्यस्य ममाप्येष करिष्यति।
अयं चापि प्रतीकारो रामसुग्रीवयोरिव॥११६॥
^(६)एकार्थां सम्यगुद्दिश्य क्रियां यत्र हि गच्छति।
सुसंहितप्रमाणस्तु स च संयोग उच्यते॥११७॥
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** १** That is संतानसंधि which is made by giving the daughter in marriage, and the peace madewith the good is considered as one having friendship as its chief feature. २That, which lasts till death, which requires equal expenditure of wealth and which is not broken for any causes either in prospe ity or adversity, is संगतसंधिः, and by reasons of its excellence like that of gold, it is also calledकांचन by others skilled in the science of peace. ३ That which is made with the intention of accomplishing one’s object is said to be by those versed in it. ४That which is made saying—“I have obliged him before, he will also do me the same,” is called प्रतीकार.५“I do him good ; hewill also do the samo to me”—that kind of प्रतीकार (peace) is like that betweon Ráma and Sugriva ६That is called संयोग which is made by intending to accomplish a common purpose and the reasons for which are well set forth.
^(१)आवयोर्योधमुख्यैस्तु मदर्थः साध्यतामिति।
यस्मिन्पणस्तु क्रियते स संधिः पुरुषान्तरः॥११८॥
^(२)त्वयैकेन मदीयोर्थः संप्रसाध्यस्त्वसाविति।
यत्र शत्रुः पणं कुर्यात्सोदृष्टपुरुषः स्मृतः॥११९॥
^(३)यत्र भूम्येकदेशेन पणेन रिपुरुर्जितः।
संधीयते संधिविद्भिः स चादिष्ट उदाहृतः॥१२०॥
^(४)स्वसैन्येन तु संधानमात्मादिष्ट उदाहृतः।
क्रियते प्राणरक्षार्थं सर्वदानादुपग्रहः॥१२१॥
^(५)कोशांशेनार्धकोशेन सर्वकोशेन वाः पुनः।
शिष्टस्य प्रतिरक्षार्थं परिक्रय उदाहृतः॥१२२॥
^(६)भुवां सारवतीनां तु दानादुच्छिन्न उच्यते।
भूम्युत्थफलदानेन सर्वेण परभूषणः १२३॥
^(७)परिच्छिन्नं फलं यत्र प्रतिस्कन्धेन दीयते।
स्कन्धोपनेयं तं प्राहुः संधिं संधिविचक्षणाः॥१२४॥
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** १** That in which a vow is made that by the chief warriors on our side our object will be accomplished, is called पुरुषांतर. २ That in which an enemy makes a vow that “you alone will accomplish my purpose” is called अदृष्टपुरुष. ३That in which a powerful enemy is made peace with by the stake of a portion of land by those versed in peace, is called आदिष्ट. ४ That in which friendship is made with one’s own army by giving away every thing for the sake of protecting life is called आत्मादिष्ट. ५ That which is made for the sake of preserving the life of the respectable by the sacrifice of the whole treasure, a part or half of it, is called परिक्रय. ६ That which is made by giving away lands yielding substantial fruit is called उच्छिन्न, and that in which the whole produce derived from land is given away is called परभूषण. ७ That in which a limited or fixed quantity of produce is given by being borne on the shoulders, is called स्कन्धोपनेय peace by those versed in peace-making. संधिविचक्षणाः स. त.
^(१)परस्परोपकारस्तु मैत्री संबन्धकस्तथा।
उपहारश्च विज्ञेयाश्चत्वारश्चैव संधयः॥१२५॥
^(२)एक एवोपहारस्तु संधिरेव मतो मम।
उपहारविभेदास्तु सर्वे मैत्र्यविवर्जिताः॥१२६॥
^(३)अभियोक्ता बलीयस्त्वादलब्ध्वा न निवर्तते।
उपहारादृते तस्मात्संधिरन्यो न विद्यते॥१२७॥
राजाह। भवन्तो महान्तः पण्डिताश्च। तदत्रास्माकं यथाकार्यमुपदिश्यताम्मन्त्री ब्रूते। आः किमेवमुच्यते।
^(४)आधिव्याधिपरीतापादद्य श्वो वा विनाशिने।
को हि नाम शरीराय धर्मापेतं समाचरेत्॥१२८॥
^(५)जलान्तश्चन्द्रचपलं जीवितं खलु देहिनाम्।
तथाविधमिति ज्ञात्वा शश्वत्कल्याणमाचरेत्॥१२९॥
^(६)मृगतृष्णासमं वीक्ष्य संसारं क्षणभङ्गुरम्।
सज्जनैः संगतं कुर्याद्धर्माय च सुखाय च॥१३०॥
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१ Mutual obligation, friendship, alliance and present—these four are said to beसंधिऽ or kinds of peace. २(Of these four kinds) उपहार (presents) is alone considered by me as real peace, all the other varieties of it are without friendship in them.३ Since a powerful invader does not return without obtaining any thing, any other peace than ‘present’ is not proper or desirable. ४ What person will act against the rules of justice or morality for the body which is to perish either to-day or to-morrow through any disease or affliction ? आधिव्याधिपरीतापात् ष त धर्मपितं अ० ५ The life of living beings is as unsteady as the reflection of the moon in water, having, therefore, known it to be so, one should always do what is beneficial. ६Having known that this worldly existence is as transitory as the mirage, one should make friends with the good both for religion and happiness.
तन्मम संमते**^(१)**न तदेव क्रियताम्। यतः।
^(२)अश्वमेधसहस्राणि सत्यं च तुलया कृतम्।
अश्वमेधसहस्राद्धि सत्यमेवातिरिच्यते॥१३१॥
अतः सत्याभिधा**^(३)**नदिव्यपुरःसरयोरप्यनयोर्भूपालयोः काञ्चनाभिधानसंधिर्विधीयताम्। सर्वज्ञो ब्रूते। एवमस्तु। ततो राजहंसेन राज्ञा वस्त्रालंकारोपहारैः स मन्त्री दूरदर्शी पूजितः प्रहृष्टमनाश्चक्रवाकं गृहीत्वा राज्ञो मयूरस्य संनिधानं गतः। तत्र चित्रवर्णेन राज्ञा सर्वज्ञो गृध्रवचनाद्बहुयानदानपुरःसरं संभाषितस्तथाविधं संधिं स्वीकृत्य राजहंससमीपं प्रस्थापितः। दूरदर्शी ब्रूते। देव सिद्धं नः समीहितम्। इदानीं स्वस्थानमेव विन्ध्याचलं व्यावृत्त्य प्रतिगम्यताम्। अथ सर्वे स्वस्थानं प्राप्य मनोभिलषितं फलं प्राप्नुवन्निति।
विष्णुशर्मणोक्तम्। अपरं किं कथयामि। कथ्यताम्। राजपुत्रा ऊचुः। तव प्रसादाद्राज्यव्यव**^(४)**हाराङ्गं ज्ञातम्। ततः सुखिनो भूता वयम्। विष्णुशर्मोवाच। यद्यप्येवं तथाप्यपरमपीदमस्तु।
^(५)सधिः सर्वमहीभुजां विजयिनामस्तु प्रमोदः सदा
सन्तः सन्तु निरापदः सुकृतिनां कीर्तिश्चिरं वर्धताम्।
नीतिर्वारविलासिनीव सततं वक्षःस्थले संस्थिता
वक्रं चुम्बतु मन्त्रिणामहरहर्भूयान्महानुत्सवः॥१३२॥
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** १** Opinion. २ One thousand horse-sacrifices and truth are considered equal (in merit), but truth is greater even than a thousand horse-sacrifices. ३ In whom the ordeal of truth is the foremost. सत्याभिधानं दिव्यं पुरःसरं ययोः ब० ४ The different parts of royal policy. ५May peace be delightful to all victorious kings, may good people be free from miseries, may the fame of the good ever increase. May royal policy always remaining on the breast of ministers (in the minds) like a harlot kiss their mouths and may there be great festivity from day to-day.
अन्यच्चास्तु।
^(१)प्रालेयाद्रेः सुतायाः प्रणयनिवसतिश्चन्द्रमौलिः स याव-
द्यावल्लक्ष्मीर्मुरारेर्जलद इव तडिन्मानमे विस्फुरन्ती।
यावत्स्वर्णाचलोयं दवदहनसमो यस्य सूर्यः स्फुलिङ्ग-
स्तावन्नारायणेन प्रचरतु रचितः संग्रहोयं कथानाम्॥१३३॥
अपरं च।
^(२)श्रीमान्धवलचन्द्रोसौ जीयान्माण्डलिको रिपून्।
येनायं संग्रह यत्नाल्लेखयित्वा प्रचारितः॥१३४॥
^(३)इति हितोपदेशे संधिर्नाम चतुर्थः कथासंग्रहः समाप्तः।
।^(४)समाप्तोयं हितोपदेशः।
| ^(५)शुभं भूयात्|
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** १** So long as the moon-crested god (Shiva) remains dear to the daughter of the cold mountain (Himálaya); so long as Lakshmî shines (gives delight to) in the heart of Murári as does lightening in the clouds, so long as this golden mountain resembling a forest conflagration has the sun for its sparks, may this collection of stories composed by Náráyana remain in existence.२ May this prosperous ruler as bright as the moon conquer his enemies, he—by whom this collection has been caused to be written and published. ३Thus ends the 4th Collection of stories in Hitopadesha named (Sandhi) Peace. ४ Here ends the Hitopadesha. ५ May there be welfare.
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