- Bhoja’s trait listings considered separately.
Self
- APA - the totality of the individual, consisting of all characteristic attributes, conscious and unconscious, mental and physical
- Development stages
- proto-self
- founded on our moment-to-moment awareness of bodily changes;
- something “we are not conscious of” and as “preconscious biological precedent”. By „preconscious‟ is meant a “state that is on the verge of becoming conscious though not yet conscious by itself”
- the core self
- founded on our objective awareness of the world that must be acted upon; situational subjectivity
- Associated with “Core self Agency” related to survival goals.
- manifests spontaneous and impulsive behavior
- Correlated with anoetic affective consciousness and noetic consciousness
- the autobiographical self
- founded on our awareness of ourselves as continuous over time. basis for a trans-situational personality
- conceptually similar to the narrative self (Gallagher, 2000), the extended self (Neisser, 1988), the longitudinal self (Seeley & Miller, 2005), and personal identity (Northoff, 2014).
- Associated with “Representational Agency” related to long term goals.
- allows for behavior regulation
- linked to the autonoetic self-reflective consciousness
- proto-self
Autobiographical memory
- Important for development of autobiographical self
- “the aspect of memory that is concerned with the recollection of personally experienced past events” (Williams et al., 2007). “rich database of knowledge about oneself” (Holland & Kensinger, 2010).
- Stores mental representations of past events and self-knowledge (traits + goals and actions)
Personality
- trans-temporal and trans-situational consistency in a person’s behavior
- constituted by traits and goals
- Broad trait dimensions
- 5 factor model - neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness-antagonism, and conscientiousness-undirectedness
- Tests are useful in determining what to expect from a given person.
- 5 factor model - neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness-antagonism, and conscientiousness-undirectedness
- Personality attributes
- geographical origin or ethnicity;
- social and occupational role categories
- physical factors (including language and appearance);
- attributes indicating social status and the effect one has on social others;
- attributes indicating eccentricity, deviance, normalcy, or conformity to norms,
- psychopathological attributes;
- attitudes and beliefs;
- abilities
- Personality strengths
- characteristics that facilitate adjustment
- related to effective goal-striving and enhanced well-being.
- include trait dimensions, traits, capacities for self-regulation, capacities for resilience etc..
- Peterson and Seligman (2004) List of 24
- creativity; curiosity; open-mindedness; love of learning;
- perspective;
- bravery; persistence;
- integrity; vitality;
- love; kindness; social intelligence; citizenship; fairness; leadership; forgiveness and mercy;
- humility and modesty; prudence; self-regulation;
- appreciation of beauty and excellence; gratitude;
- hope; humor; and spirituality
- Classes by productivity (Fromm)
- productive orientation
- assimilation of objects is through work
- socialization is based in love and reasoning
- Love = caring and taking responsibility of a loved person, knowing and respecting him/her
- Reasoning is accompanied by concern and respect for such objects.
- nonproductive orientation (comprising the exploiting, hoarding, receiving, and marketing types)
- assimilate objects by accepting (but not giving back proportionally), taking (often unethically), storing, and exchanging (through a process of selling themselves as commodities)
- socialization - characterized by loyalty, authoritative domination, remoteness from others, and superficial attachment
- productive orientation