आवलिः सामवेदे उपस्वराः प्रयङ्कम् विनतम् नमनम् अभिगीतम् सम्प्रसारणम् Western notation “b” stands for flat and “#” stands for sharp. Flat means to play the note a half step lower, while sharp means to play the note a half step higher. Clef notes