शिक्षा

क्लिष्टाक्षरोच्चारणम्

• YT
• रकारो दन्त्यः, ऱकारो मूर्धन्यः।
• लकारो दन्त्यः। ळकारो मूर्धन्यः। ऴकारो मूर्धन्यतमः।
• नकारो दन्त्यः। ऩकार alveolar.
  • अद्यत्वे वस्तुतस् त्व् एतयोर् उच्चारणे भेदं नाभिजानन्ति द्राविडा अपि। लेखन एव विशेषः - ऩकारः स्वरयोर् मध्ये, ன்ற் /ṉṟ/ इत्यत्र च प्रयुज्यतेतराम् इत्य् एव।

सधारण उच्चारण-व्यत्यय आधुनिकलिपौ

• घोषवतां अभिज्ञानम्
  • पदमध्ये कचटतपाः गजडदबायन्ते।
    • नैवं यद्य् अनुनासिक-भिन्न-व्यञ्जन-पराः।
• पदादौ स्वर-मध्ये च चकारः सकारायते द्राविडदेशे।
  • “Ch>s is a later development which is generally attributed to vnagar era as an influence of telugu on tamil spoken (in TN). SL tamil also has less use of s comparatively.” इति रविलोचनः।
  • श्रीवैष्णवपरिभाषायां नैवम् - बहुत्र तु शकारायते - पेशु इति यथा। अन्ये केचिच् “चोल्ल” इत्येव वदन्ति।
• क्षकारः ट्चकारायते।
• ற்ற் /ṟṟ/ and ன்ற் /ṉṟ/ are replaced by /ṯṟ/ and /ṇḍr/
  • “If you listen carefully, you can hear that she pronounces the ṟṟ as a ṯṟ (where ṯ is an alveolar sound) unlike some hyper correct modern people pronouncing it as ṭṟ with a retroflex ṭ.” इति राधाकृष्णः।
  • “I think in ancient times, ன்ற was pronounced as ṉḏ (alveolar ‘n’ + alveolar ‘d’) and not as ṉḏṟ as in modern literary Tamil. I think ṟ is closely related to the alveolar ṯ and ḏ. In Malayalam, vayaṟŭ is stomach, but to say “in the stomach” we say “vayaṯṯil” with the geminate alveolar ṯ. In writing, the geminate ṯ is represented by a geminate ṟ.” इति राधाकृष्णः
• (संस्कृतमूलशब्देष्व् अपि) क्वचिल् लकारो ळकारायते।

Just happened to read Prof. Harold Schiffman’s paper “The Tamil Liquids, Revisited”. I think he is spot on that modern spoken Tamil has lost the distinction between ர (the “soft” r) and ற (the “hard” r) as also between ல (alveolar l) and ள (retroflex l); and that ழ (zha) has merged with ள (retroflex l). To me, it appears that most native speakers of Tamil get the correct pronunciation of ள only when they try to pronounces ழ. 🙂 At other times they have a tough time distinguishing ல and ள. Similarly, the distinction between dental ந (n) and alveolar ன (ṉ) has practically disappeared. நான் (naaṉ, I) is pronounced as னான் (ṉaaṉ), the tandoori bread that we eat in Indian restaurants. The distinction between retroflex ண and alveolar ன has also blurred to the extent they have to call the former 3-chuzhi (curl) na and the latter 2-chuzhi (curl) na.

इति राधाकृष्णः अत्र ।

वर्ण-व्यत्ययः

• ऎय-अभेदः
  • ऎदिरास = यतिराज = अतिराज
• उव-अभेदः