(“self-validating”) In Indian philosophy,
the notion that certain things, such as
knowledge, are self-validating. This
means that they can be definitively
known to be true in themselves, without
678
Svaprakasha
In Indian traditions the image of a svastika, arms
pointed in a clockwise direction, symbolizes life,
prosperity, and good fortune.
reference to any of the other pramanas,
the means by which human beings can
gain true and accurate knowledge. The
issue about whether these things existed,
and what they were if they did, was a
source of lively disagreement among
Indian thinkers.