Japa

(“muttering,” “whispering”) Individual
recitation, usually the repeated utterance of a particular mantra or divine
name(s), often while using a string of
beads (mala) to perform a definite number of such repetitions. Such recitation
is usually performed as an individual
religious act, in a tone of voice audible
to the reciter but not others who may be
present. Japa is a particularly important
practice in Hindu traditions stressing
the benefits of reciting the divine
name—such repetitions are believed to
have gradual spiritual benefits. Japa is
particularly stressed in the Gaudiya
Vaishnavas community founded by the
Bengali saint Chaitanya, where public
recitation of the divine name is an
important part of religious life.