03 List of Illustrations

  1. Bronze image of Śiva as Nataraja, Pala dynasty (c.750–1161). Śiva temple, Śri Amirthakadeśvara, Mela Kadambur, South Arcot, Chidambaram. Seized from Bengal by Rajendra Chola, c.1022. (© Institut français d’Indologie de Pondichéry).

  2. Silver coin of Ajaya Raja II Chauhan (r. c.1110–35) (© Anthony A.J. Hilgevoord and World of Coins). Gold coin of Muhammad Ghuri (r. 1192–1206) (© CoinIndia.com).

  3. Warangal fort: interior of Tughluq audience hall, the so-called ‘Khush Mahal’ (1323) (author).

  4. Vijayanagara (modern Hampi): northern gateway to the Virupaksha Temple (established twelfth century) (© dbimages/Alamy Stock Photo).

  5. Emperor Timur (d. 1405) enthroned. Pen and wash in Indian ink on Japanese paper, by Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–69) (Louvre, Paris, France/Bridgeman Images).

  6. Bidar: the madrasa of Mahmud Gawan (completed 1472) (Anne Feldhaus).

  7. Shahr-i Sabz, Uzbekistan: the Aq Saray, palace of Timur (completed 1396) (© dbimages/Alamy Stock Photo).

  8. Yadgir: wrought-iron cannon on a hill in the centre of the fort (late 1550s) (author).

  9. Calicut: Mishkal Mosque (said to date to the fourteenth century, subsequently renovated) (© Hemis/Alamy Stock Photo).

  10. Raichur: Krishna Raya with female attendants, depicted on a frieze in the Naurangi Darwaza’s inner courtyard (1520) (author).

  11. Detail of Surjan Singh submitting to Akbar, from a painting by Mukund in the Akbar-nama (*c.*1595) (© V&A Museum, London).

  12. Vrindavan: interior of the Govinda Deva Temple (completed 1590) (© Robyn Beeche).

  13. Nur Jahan loading a musket. Painting attributed to Abu’l-Hasan (1620) (© Raza Library, Rampur, India).

  14. Jahangir taking aim at the head of Malik Ambar. Painted by Abu’l-Hasan (1616) (© Chester Beatty Library, Dublin).

  15. Amritsar: Harmandir, or Golden Temple (1589) (© Steve Allen/Getty Images).

  16. Jahangir conversing with Jadrup. Painted by Govardhan (*c.*1616–20) (© The Picture Art Collection/Alamy Stock Photo).

  17. Prince Aurangzeb attacking a raging elephant. Painting in the Padshah-nama (1633) (© Royal Collection Trust).

  18. Lahore: Badshahi Mosque (1671–73) (© DEA / W. BUSS / Contributor/Getty Images).

  19. Shah Jahan enthroned, with his son Dara Shukoh. Watercolour and gold on paper, by Govardhan (*c.*1630–40) (© The History Collection/Alamy Stock Photo).

  20. Prince Aurangzeb, probably painted while governor of the Deccan (1653–57) (© Ashmolean Museum, Oxford).

  21. Kolhapur, Kavala Naka Square: equestrian statue of Tarabai (erected 1981) (author).