Iamblichus, Syrian Neoplatonic philosopher in Alexandria (?-333?), 635, 636
Iazyges, 429, 431
Iberia, in Asia, 413
Iberians, 468, 472, 475
Icarus, 256, 385
Iconium (Konia), 513, 582
Ides of March, 197
Idumea, 530, 535
ientaculum, 70
Ignatius, Saint, called Theophorus, Bishop of Antioch (?-107?), 588, 611, 648
Iliad, 240, 241, 516
Ilium, see Troy
illuminated manuscripts, 662
Illyria, 47, 51, 52, 200, 217, 454, 628, 638
Illyricum, 639
Imagines (Varro), 159
immigration into Rome, under the Republic, 81, 94, 95, 121, 126, 179;
under the Principate, 221, 364-366
immortality, 527;
Cicero on, 165;
Caesar on, 170;
Virgil on, 242;
Horace and, 250;
Seneca on, 305;
in religion, 429;
Tacitus on, 435-436;
Marcus Aurelius on, 446;
Plutarch on, 485;
Jews on, 536, 575;
Christian, 592, 595, 599, 602, 603, 656, 657;
Plotinus on, 610
imperator, 191, 213, 268, 350
imperialism, Roman, 54, 85, 90, 105, 107, 175, 242, 252, 261, 409-410, 414
impressionism (art), 339, 353, 355
Inacha, 247
incest, 172, 266, 274, 290, 495, 623
Incitatus, 267
Incrustation (First) Style (painting), 353
indeterminacy, principle of, 151*
India, 134, 325, 326, 329, 337, 338, 346, 413, 499, 500, 508, 512, 514, 521, 526
Indian Ocean, 325, 413, 499
Indians, 600* Indica (Arrian), 520
Indies, 503
Indo-European languages, 73
Indo-Europeans, 36, 60, 528
Indus, 413
Industrial Revolution, 477
industry, Etruscan, 6;
Carthaginian, 40;
under Rome, 77-81, 88, 190, 310, 321-323, 328, 330, 332-334, 336-337, 342, 370, 448, 455, 456, 457, 463, 473, 477, 482, 498-499, 510, 529, 631-633, 641-642, 644, 668, 671
infanticide, in Greece, 42;
in Rome, 56, 222, 363-364, 396, 434, 666;
forbidden among Jews and Christians, 546, 598
Inferno (Dante), 8
inflation, 211, 330-331, 632-633
informers, see Delatores
Ingenuus, ruler of eastern provinces (fl. 258), 629
inheritance, 57, (taxes) 58, 222-224, 245, 267, 301, 363, 396, 397, 399, 438, 479, (tax), 622, 657
initiation, 524-525, 606
Innocenza, 351
In Pisonem (Cicero), 161
“In Praise of Nero” (Lucan), 296
Inquisition, 649
insanity, 312
inscriptions, Etruscan, 5;
Roman, 73, 271, 293;
Pompeian, 458;
Italian, 461
Institutes (Justinian), 406
Institutiones (Gaius), 392
Institutio Oratoria (Quintilian), 314-315
insulae, 341-342
interest, 79, 88, 129-130, 131, 169, 170, 184, 192, 211, 212, 219, 302, 310, 331-332, 336, 627, 657
intermarriage, of Phoenicians with natives, 39;
in Rome, 221-224, 395
international law, 48
interregnum, 30
Intricate (Fourth) Style (painting), 353
invention, 287-288, 323, 328*, 503-504
Ionia, 86, 125, 132, 133, 158, 204, 513, 514, 523, 594, 629, 630, 636
Ionian Sea, 206
Ionic order (architecture), 338, 355, 357
Iphigenia, 149, 353
Iranians, 471, 516, 529
Ireland, 36, 73, 471, 472
Irenaeus, St., Greek Bishop of Lyons (130?-202?), 556, 611-612, 616, 617
Iris, Egyptian handmaiden of Cleopatra (?-30 B.C..), 208
Iron, Age of, 236
irrigation, Etruscan, 6;
Roman, 320, 464, 631, 665
Isaeus, Greek rhetorician in Rome (end of 1st century), 368
Isaiah, 540, 541, 560-561, 567, 574
Isiac cult, see Isis Isis, 193, 266, 358, 390, 447, 467-468, 523-524, 525, 526, 527, 596, 606, 635
Isis, Temple of, 291, 358, 369, 390
Islam, 606
Isocrates, Athenian orator and rhetorician (436-338 B.C..), 103, 166
Israel, see Jews
Isthmian games, 85, 283, 486-487
Istria, 73, 455
Istrus, 480
Italian, 73, 295
Italica (Sevilla la Vieja), 414, 470
Italus, King of the Sicels, 4
Italy, 3-5;
city-states, 6;
art, 10;
Roman conquest, 34-38;
Second Punic War, 49-52, 54;
soil, 76-77;
trade, 78;
population, 81;
music, 82;
northern boundary, 87;
farming, 104, 111;
Celtic attack, 119, 472;
Social War, 122;
slave revolt, 137-138;
troops in, 172;
saved by Caesar, 177-178;
supports Caesar, 182;
chaotic state in 45 B.C.., 190;
citizenship, 193;
Augustus in, 205-206;
exhaustion, 211-212;
agriculture, 237, 319-321;
industry, 323;
trade, 328-330;
lack of grain, 336;
water of, 356;
law, 404-406;
plague in, 429;
in the 2nd century, 448-449;
under the Principate, 453-461;
religion, 522-523, 542;
barbarian invasions, 629, 638;
economic and political condition under the monarchy, 632, 666-669
Ithaca, 241
Iucundus, Lucius Caecilius, Pompeian auctioneer, 459-460
lulus, see Ascanius
ius civile, 393-404, 405
ius gentium, 393, 404-406
Ixion, 352