G

Gabinian Law, 139-140

Gabinius, Aulus, politician (?-48 B.C..), 139, 172, 174, 186, 211

Gabriel, 289

Gadara (Katra), 297, 509, 530, 535

Gades (Cádiz), 40, 133, 169, 252, 325, 469, 470, 514

Gaiseric, King of the Vandals (fl. 429-455), 670

Gaius, jurist (fl. 2nd century), 392, 394, 396, 397, 399, 401, 405

Galatia (Anatolia), 86, 218, 513, 578, 583, 585, 630

Galatians, The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to, 554, 571*, 585, 587*

Galba (Servius Sulpicius Galba), Roman emperor (3 B.C..-A.D. 69), 283-285, 323, 434, 436

Galba, Servius Sulpicius, statesman (fl. 2nd century B.C..), 87

Galen (Claudius Galenus), Greek physician (130-200?), 313, 334, 375, 428, 430, 505-507, 513, 516, 599

Galerius (Caius Galerius Valerius Maxi-mianus), Roman emperor (ca. 250-311), 635, 640-641, 644, 651, 652, 653, 654, 662

Galicia, Danubian, 432

Galilee, 530, 535, 543, 544, 557, 558, 560, 563, 573, 577

Galla, 317

Gallia Lugdunensis, 472, 474

Gallic War, 169, 174-178, 179

Gallienus (Publius Licinius Valerianus Egna-tius Gallienus), Roman emperor (reigned 253-268), 608, 629-630, 635, 650, 666, 669

Gallio, see Novatus, Marcus Annaeus

Gallus (Caius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus), Roman emperor (ca. 207-253), 629

Gallus, Aelius, general (fl. 1st century B.C..), 336-337, 508

Gamaliel II, Jewish Patriarch (fl. ca. 100), 547

Gamaliel, a Pharisee, and president of the Sanhedrin (fl. 1st century), 576, 579-580

gambling, in Etruria, 7;

under Rome, 62, 269, 383, 447, 456, 458, 488

games, in Etruria, 6-7;

under Rome, 82, 90, 99, 111, 121, 133-134, 168-169, 171, 212-213, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 260, 265, 270, 274, 277-279, 289, 290-291, 302, 316, 319, 332, 340, (children’s) 367, 372, 375, 376, 377-378, 379, 380, 381-387, 388, 389, 410, 415, 423, 427, 428, 438, 443, 447, 456, 458-459, 461, 486-487, 500, 515, 532, 545, 598, 629, 631, 640, 646, 647, 649, 668

Ganymede, 510

Gard, Pont du, 474

Garda, Lago di (anc. Lacus Benacus), 4, 155, 158, 454

gardens, 76, 132-133, 141, 160, 185, 199, 215, 245*, 266, 272, 278, 280, 319, 327, 340, 343, 344, 353, 354, 362, 421, 440, 454, 459, 500, 532

Gargantua, 299

Garonne (anc. Garumna), 470

Gassendi, Pierre, French philosopher and savant (1592-1655), 154

Gaul, 43, 48, 53, 73, 89, 107, 112, 118, 119, 129, 144, 167, 168, 174-178, 180-181, 183, 184, 188, 191, 192, 217, 219, 231, 270, 283, 320, 322, 326, 329, 330, 331, 348, 366, 417, 429, 431, 468, 470-475, 476, 478, 479, 481, 495, 513, 514, 602, 604, 627, 629, 633, 638, 639, 649, 651, 653-654, 666, 669-670

Gaul, Belgic (Gallia Belgica), 176, 431, 433, 472, 474

Gaul, Cisalpine (northern Italy), 36, 47, 49, 51, 87, 88, 155, 172, 174-175, 182, 189, 193, 196, 200, 201, 235, 236, 454

Gaul, Narbonese (Gallia Narbonensis), 172, 174-177, 216, 472, 473

Gaul, Transalpine, 49, 271, 454

Gauls, 12, 23, 24, 35, 36, 37, 47, 48-51, 86, 124, 130, 174-177, 191, 235, 271, 340, 375, 454, 471-475, 478, 513

Gaza, 508, 530, 535

Gazith, 536

Gellius, Aulus, Latin grammarian (ca. 117-ca. 180), 368, 442

Gemala, Lucilius, millionaire (fl. 1st century), 461

Gemma Augusta, 346

generalship, of Hannibal, 48-54;

of Scipio Africanus, 52-54;

of Caesar, 174-178, 182-189;

of Antony, 199, 203, 206-207;

of Tiberius, 217-218, 231, 259-260;

under Claudius, 271;

of Marcus Aurelius, 428-429, 431-432;

of Septimius Severus, 622;

of Constantine, 664

Genesis, 444, 540, 614

Geneva, 175

Genghis Khan, Asiatic conqueror (1162?-1227), 606

Genoa (anc. Genua), 78, 454

Geographical Outline (Ptolemy), 503

geography, 220, 308, 503, 514, 520-521

Geography (Strabo), 520

geometry, 75, 314, 368, 503, 507, 634

Georgics (Virgil), 215, 225, 237-239

Gerasa (Djerasch), 508-509, 530, 535

Gergovia, 177

Gerizim (Jebel et Tôr), 535

Germanicus Caesar, general (15 B.C.-A.D. 19), 224, 261-262, 263*, 273, 291, 301, 371

Germans, 174-178, 217, 428-431, 434, 446, 475, 478-481, 627, 631*, 639, 653, 666, 669

Germans, On the Situation and Origin of the (Tacitus), 434

Germany, 36, 112, 118, 176, 178, 194, 217-218, 231, 248, 261, 284, 285, 308, 320, 326, 329, 366, 406, 410, 417, 424, 428, 430, 431, 432, 471, 472, 473, 475, 478-481, 633, 644;

Upper Germany, 291, 439, 479-480;

Lower Germany, 479

Gesco, Carthaginian general (3rd century B.C..), 46

Geta (Publius Septimius Geta), Roman emperor (?-211), 621-622, 634, 635

Getae, 257

Gethsemane, 569, 571

Gibbon, Edward, English historian (1737-1794), 364, 425, 613*, 662, 667

Gibraltar (anc. Calpe), 39, 40, 43, 194

Gil Bias (Lesage), 299

Gilgamesh, 428

Giorgione da Castelfranco (Giorgio Bar-barelli), Venetian painter (1478?-1511), 355

Giton, 297

gladiators, Etruscan, 7;

Roman, 52, 90, 131, 133-134, 137, 173, 179-180, 198, 223, 265, 267, 274, 279, 303, 313, 351, 370, 377, 382, 383-387, 410, 428, 429, 430, 447, 453, 456, 459, 465, 487, 532, 545, 622, 649, 665;

schools for, 385-386, 447, 505

glass, 322, 328, 329, 342, 347, 361, 374-375, 456, 473, 474, 499-500, 510; see also murrhine glass

Glevum (Gloucester), 477

Gloria, De (Cicero), 163* Glycera, 247

Glycon, Athenian sculptor in Rome (fl. 1st century B.C..), 349

Gnosticism, 502, 556, 595, 604-605, 606, 609, 614

God, Seneca on, 304;

Marcus Aurelius on, 444-445;

Plutarch on, 484-485, 486;

Panae-tius on, 490;

Epictetus on, 491-494;

Philo on, 501-502;

Galen on, 507;

Poseidonius on, 514;

Dion Chrysostomus on, 522;

Apollonius of Tyana on, 526;

Plotinus on, 610;

Origen on, 614-615

gods, in Etruria, 7;

in Carthage, 41-42;

under Rome, 58-67, 69, 75, 76, 81-82, 84, 93-94, 104, 164, 214, 225-227, 235, 238-239, 240, 242, 243, 248, 251, 256, 259, 265, 268, 274, 280, 293, 300, 316, 335, 340, 343, 349, 352, 371, 372, 377, 388-390, 427, 429, 430, 438, 444, 449, 457, 489, 510, 512, 522-526, 557, 588, 601, 607, 625, 646-651, 655;

Lucretius on, 147-153;

Cicero on, 162;

in the Aeneid, 242, 243;

Horace on, 248-249;

Pliny on, 309;

Sextus Empiricus on, 495;

Lucian on, 495-497

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, German writer (1749-1832), 354

Golden Age, Saturn’s, 61, 225, 236;

Augustus’, 233-258, 346;

Diocletian’s, 645

Golden Ass, The (Apuleius), 299, 442, 467-468

Golden Bough, 62

Golden Horn, 483

Golden House, 280, 282, 283, 344-345, 352, 358, 361

golden mean, see aurea mediocritas

Golden Milestone, see Millenarium Aureum

Golden Thoughts (Marcus Aurelius), see Meditations

Golgotha, 572-573, 581

Good Goddess, see Bona Dea Gorboduc (Sackville and Norton), 302

Gordian I (Marcus Antonius Gordianus), Roman emperor (158-238), 628

Gordian II (Marcus Antonius Gordianus), Roman emperor (?-238), 628

Gordian III (Marcus Antonius Gordianus), Roman emperor (226-244), 628

Gospels, 553-574, 591

Gothic architecture, 661

Gothic letters, 479

Goths, 316, 480, 622, 628, 629-630, 638, 669-670

gout, 311, 389, 622

government, in Etruria, 6;

in Latium, 11-17;

in Carthage, 42-43;

under the Republic, 21-35, 57, 89, 93-94, 99, 113, 128-130, 136, 146, 174, 180-208;

Cicero on, 165;

under the Principate, 212-217, 227, 266, 270-271, 285-294, 328, 336, 338, 405, 415-416, 418-420, 422-424, 425, 436, 447-449;

under the monarchy, 623, 626-627, 632, 639, 640-645, 647, 664, 668-669;

of Rome, 670, 672

governors, 87, 129, 155, 174, 194, 198-199, 215, 216-217, 261, 462-463, 661

Gracchi, 23, 47, 91, 111, 113-117, 122, 126, 140, 165, 171, 192, 194, 319, 363, 391, 469, 516, 640

Gracchus, Caius Sempronius, statesman (153?-121 B.C..), 113, 115-117, 465

Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, statesman, father of the Gracchi (fl. 2nd century B.C..), 87, 92, 113

Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, statesman (162?-133 B.C..), 113-115

grace, 589

Graecia Magna, 37, 38

graffiti, 458-459

Graii, 4

grain, 111, 116, 117-118, 120, 126, 139-140, 173, 174, 179, 183, 184, 186, 189, 190, 192, 212-213, 214, 219, 220, 221, 237, 260, 265, 267, 270, 320-321, 325, 328-329, 333, 336, 339, 348, 362, 376, 388, 411, 423, 427-428, 429, 438, 446, 453, 461, 463, 464, 483, 498, 513, 631, 633, 641-642, 666, 668

grammar, 29, 72, 95, 146, 234, 295, 308, 367, 415

Grand Central Terminal (in New York), 360*

Granna (Gran), 431

Great Exposition (Simon Magnus ?), 604

Great Leptis, see Leptis Magna

Great Mother, see Magna Mater and Cybele

Greece, 5, 6, 8, 10, 23, 34, 38, 47, 48, 51, 54, 57, 62, 68, 70, 75, 76, 77, 78, 84, 85-87, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95-102, 104-105, 108, 112, 113, 125, 130, 141, 147, 154, 158, 163, 164, 173, 178, 183, 186, 187, 192, 203, 211, 233, 235, 239, 240, 241, 246, 256, 259, 269, 278-279, 282-283, 287, 311, 317, 320, 323, 324, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 338-339, 342, 344, 347t, 349, 351-361, 364, 371, 379-381, 391, 392, 406, 414, 419, 420, 429, 431, 442, 455, 456, 459, 468, 472, 474, 480, 481, 482-527, 532, 542, 579, 588, 594-595, 602, 618, 630, 633, 636, 666, 667, 670-671; see also Hellenistic

Greek, 72-73, 95, 97, 104, 135, 141, 167, 187, 196, 233, 244, 259, 269, 274, 308, 312, 313, 365, 393, 415, 432, 440, 442, 443, 455, 479, 535, 556, 560, 563, 571, 572, 579, 582, 594-595, 596, 601, 612, 614, 634, 661; see also Hellenistic

Greek Anthology, 509, 633

Greek Asia, 482, 486, 490, 512, 518, 542, 630, 659

Greeks, 4, 17, 18, 35, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 51, 52, 58, 59, 62, 71, 72, 74, 76, 78, 82, 86-87, 89, 92, 94-95, 99, 104-105, 121, 132, 152, 164, 240, 242, 249, 253, 255, 256, 263, 277, 311, 312, 326, 328, 348, 352, 356, 364-365, 366, 367, 370, 388, 438, 457, 468, 469, 480, 482-527, 529, 532, 535, 544, 554, 558, 579, 582, 595, 634, see also Hellenistic

Guadalquivir, 39, 470

guilds, 499, 536, 642, 644; see also collegia

gymnastics, see athletics

gynecology, 313, 505