B.C.
139:
First Servile War in Sicily
133:
Tribunate and assassination of Tiberius Gracchus
132:
FL. Lucilius; Panaetius in Rome
124-123:
Caius Gracchus tribune
122:
C. Gracchus introduces state distribution of corn
121:
Suicide of C. Gracchus
119:
Marius tribune; 116: praetor
113-101:
Wars against Cimbri and Teutones
112-105:
The Jugurthine War
107, 104-100, 87:
Marius consul
106:
Birth of Cicero and Pompey
105:
Cimbri defeat Romans near Arausio
103-99:
Second Servile War in Sicily
103-100:
Saturninus tribune
102:
Marius defeats Cimbri at Aquae Sextiae
100:
Marius suppresses Saturninus; birth of Julius Caesar
91:
Reforms and assassination of M. Livius Drusus
91-89:
The Social War in Italy
88:
Sulla consul; flight of Marius
88-84:
First Mithridatic War
87:
Rebellion of Cinna and Marius; radical reign of terror
86:
Sulla takes Athens and defeats Archelaus at Chaeronea
86:
Marius and Cinna depose Sulla; death of Marius
85-84:
Third and fourth consulates, and death of Cinna
83-81:
Second Mithridatic War
83:
Sulla lands at Brundisium
82:
Sulla takes Rome; reactionary reign of terror
81:
Leges Corneliae of Sulla
80-72:
Revolt of Sertorius in Spain
79:
Resignation and, 78: death, of Sulla
76:
FL. Varro
75-63:
Third Mithridatic War; victories of Lucullus and Pompey
75:
Cicero quaestor in Sicily
73-71:
Third Servile War; Spartacus
70:
First consulate of Crassus and Pompey; trial of Verres; Virgil b.
69:
Titus Pomponius Atticus
68:
Caesar quaestor in Spain
67:
Pompey subdues the pirates
66:
Cicero Pro lege Manilia
63:
Cicero exposes Catiline; Octavius b.
63-12:
M. V. Agrippa, engineer
62:
Caesar praetor; misconduct of Clodius
B.C.
61:
Caesar gov. of Further Spain; return and triumph of Pompey
60:
First Triumvirate: Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
60-54:
Poems of Catullus; Cornelius Nepos
59:
Caesar consul; Lucretius’ De rerum natura
58:
Clodius, tribune, exiles Cicero; Caesar defeats Helvetii and Ariovistus in Gaul
57:
Return of Cicero; Caesar defeats Belgae
56:
Meeting of triumvirs at Luca
55:
Pompey and Crassus consuls; theater of Pompey; Caesar in Germany and Britain
54:
Caesar’s second invasion of Britain
53:
Violence of Clodius and Milo in Rome; defeat of Crassus at Carrhae
52:
Murder of Clodius; trial of Milo; Pompey sole consul; revolt of Vercingetorix
51:
Cicero governor of Cilicia; Cicero’s De re publica; Caesar’s De bello Gallico
49:
Caesar crosses Rubicon and takes Rome
48:
Battles of Dyrrachium and Pharsalus
48-47:
Caesar in Egypt and Syria; Vitruvius, architect; Columella, botanist
47:
Caesar’s victories at Zela and Thapsus; suicide of Cato the Younger
46:
Caesar appointed dictator for ten years; revision of calendar; Sallust, historian; Cicero Pro Marcello
45:
Caesar defeats the Pompeians in Spain; Cicero’s Academica and De finibus
44:
Assassination of Caesar; Cicero’s Disputationes Tusculanae, De natura deorum, De officiis
43:
Second Triumvirate: Antony, Octavian, Lepidus; murder of Cicero
42:
Brutus and Cassius die at Philippi
41:
Antony and Cleopatra at Tarsus
40:
Reconciliation of Antony and Octavian at Brundisium; Virgil’s Fourth Eclogue
36:
Antony invades Parthia
32:
Antony marries Cleopatra
31:
Octavian defeats Antony at Actium
30:
Suicide of Antony and Cleopatra; Egypt annexed to the Empire; Octavian sole ruler of Rome